Wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships and preparation method of wide-temperature-range optical cable

Abstract

The invention relates to a wide-temperature-range optical cable for a ship and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of communication optical cables. An outer sheath material is prepared by compounding polyethylene and modified polyphenyl ether, the use temperature range of the optical cable sheath material is remarkably improved, a compatible flame retardant is further prepared, the flame retardant has grafted double bonds and can be grafted on a polyethylene molecular chain under the action of an initiator, and after grafting modification, the flame retardant can be grafted on the polyethylene molecular chain, so that the use temperature range of the optical cable sheath material is greatly improved. The biphenyl structure in the flame-retardant compatilizer and the biphenyl structure in the modified polyphenyl ether can generate pi-pi conjugate to enhance the intermolecular force between the polyethylene and the modified polyphenyl ether, so that the interface bonding force between the polyethylene and the modified polyphenyl ether is remarkably improved, and the phase separation problem caused by the polarity difference between the flame retardant and the polyethylene is reduced; the dispersing effect of the flame retardant in a polymer is improved, the flame retardance of the material is improved, migration of the flame retardant is inhibited, and the mechanical property of the sheath material can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of communication optical cables, and in particular, relates to a wide-temperature range optical cable for ships and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When ships are performing ocean voyages, the geographical coverage of the operating sea areas is extremely wide, and the ambient temperature span of different sea areas is extremely large. When ships sail to the waters near the Antarctic or Arctic Ocean, the ambient temperature in winter is generally below -40°C, and when ships pass through the equatorial and low-latitude tropical waters, the ambient temperature in summer may exceed 45°C. Due to continuous sunlight exposure on the deck surface, the temperature inside the machinery compartment can climb to 85°C. This extreme temperature environment poses a double test to the temperature stability of shipborne optical cable materials. Optical cable materials may become brittle and crack under extremely low temperatures, and may soften due to increased temperature under extremely high temperatures, resulting in a significant decrease in compressive strength, making them unable to withstand the bumps and impacts encountered by ships sailing at sea.

[0003] Polyethylene is a commonly used optical cable material in the prior art, offering excellent low-temperature resistance. However, polyethylene has poor heat resistance. When ships are exposed to high temperatures for extended periods, this can lead to degradation of the cable's performance. When the cable's operating temperature remains near the high-temperature threshold for extended periods, oxygen permeation triggers a free radical chain reaction, breaking the molecular chains within the cable material and significantly reducing both heat and cold resistance. To address these technical limitations, the present invention provides a wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships and a method for its preparation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a wide temperature range optical cable for ships and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships, comprising a cable core, a mica tape, an armor layer, and an outer sheath. The cable core contains at least one optical fiber, and the outer surface is provided with a mica tape fireproof layer, an armor layer, and an outer sheath in sequence.

[0007] The outer sheath comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 to 45 parts of modified polyphenylene ether (MPPO), 20 to 30 parts of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 30 to 40 parts of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and 30 to 36 parts of compatible flame retardant;

[0008] Furthermore, the modified polyphenylene ether is blended with polyphenylene ether and polystyrene, and the mass fraction of the polyphenylene ether is 40-60%.

[0009] Furthermore, the weight average molecular weight of the low-density polyethylene is 150,000 to 220,000 g / mol.

[0010] Furthermore, the weight average molecular weight of the high-density polyethylene is 200,000 to 300,000 g / mol.

[0011] Furthermore, the compatible flame retardant is prepared by the following steps:

[0012] Under nitrogen protection, dopamine, benzaldehyde derivatives and isopropanol are mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer are installed, magnetic stirring is turned on, and the mixture is reacted at a temperature of 50-60° C. for 4-6 hours. Then, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is added to the three-necked flask, and the system temperature is raised to 75-85° C., and the mixture is reacted at a temperature of 75-85° C. for 10-12 hours. After the reaction is completed, the precipitate is filtered out, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and then dried to obtain a flame retardant compatibilizer.

[0013] Furthermore, the benzaldehyde derivative is one of 2-vinylbenzaldehyde, 3-vinylbenzaldehyde and 4-vinylbenzaldehyde.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of dopamine, benzaldehyde derivative, isopropyl alcohol and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is 7.7-15.5:6.8-13.4:50-120:10-22.

[0015] The invention also discloses a method for preparing the wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships.

[0016] A method for preparing a wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1, adding low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, compatible flame retardant, and initiator into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extrude and granulate under nitrogen protection to obtain flame-retardant polyethylene for later use;

[0018] S2. Twist the optical fibers into a bundle and use a wrapping machine to spirally wrap a mica tape around the optical fiber bundle. Then, coat the mica tape with an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire braided armor layer for later use.

[0019] S3. Add flame-retardant polyethylene and modified polyphenylene ether into a twin-screw extruder, extrude them outside the armor layer under nitrogen protection, and then cool and shape them to form an outer sheath, thereby obtaining a wide temperature range optical cable for ships.

[0020] Furthermore, the initiator is one of dicumyl peroxide and tert-butyl perbenzoate.

[0021] Furthermore, the mass ratio of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, compatible flame retardant and initiator used in S1 is 20-30:30-40:30-36:0.3-0.72.

[0022] Furthermore, the temperature condition for melt extrusion of the flame retardant polyethylene in S1 is 160-180°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the temperature condition for melt extrusion of the outer sheath in S3 is 240-260°C.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] 1) The present invention provides good protection for the optical cable by sequentially wrapping a mica tape and an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy armor layer around the optical cable core; the mica tape can provide excellent high-temperature resistance and is a non-flammable insulation layer; the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire braiding provides mechanical protection (compression resistance, tensile resistance, and impact resistance) and good flexibility, while also having water-blocking, shielding, and certain fire-proofing effects. In addition, the present invention obtains a sheath material with a wide temperature range by compounding a polyethylene material with excellent low-temperature resistance and a polyphenylene ether material with excellent high-temperature resistance, significantly improving the high-temperature resistance of conventional polyethylene cable sheath materials.

[0026] 2) The present invention uses dopamine, benzaldehyde derivatives, and DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) as raw materials, first utilizes the amino group of dopamine and the aldehyde group of the benzaldehyde derivative to undergo Schiff base reaction and dehydration condensation to obtain an intermediate with a Schiff base structure, and then adds DOPO, utilizes the Schiff base structure of the intermediate and the phosphorus-hydrogen bond of DOPO to undergo nucleophilic addition reaction to prepare a flame retardant compatibilizer, the flame retardant compatibilizer of the present invention contains graftable double bonds, which can be grafted on the polyethylene molecular chain under the action of an initiator, and after graft modification, the flame retardant compatibilizer The biphenyl structure in the flame retardant compatibilizer can generate π-π conjugation with the biphenyl structure in the modified polyphenylene ether to enhance the intermolecular force between polyethylene and modified polyphenylene ether, significantly improving the interfacial bonding strength of polyethylene and modified polyphenylene ether. In addition, the flame retardant compatibilizer of the present invention also has multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups, which have good antioxidant effects. It can not only effectively improve the mechanical strength reduction and cross-linking embrittlement caused by molecular chain breakage caused by thermal oxidation of polyethylene and polyphenylene ether during high-temperature melt extrusion, but also inhibit the aging and degeneration of the material caused by thermal oxidation in a high-temperature environment, thereby improving the heat resistance of the material.

[0027] 3) The present invention modifies the flame retardant DOPO, and the compatible flame retardant obtained after the modification can be grafted into the polyethylene molecular chain in the form of a chemical bond, significantly reducing the phase separation problem caused by the polarity difference between the flame retardant and the polyethylene, and improving the dispersion effect of the flame retardant in the polymer. This not only improves the flame retardancy of the material and inhibits the migration of the flame retardant, but also effectively improves the mechanical properties of the sheath material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure, there are cable core 1, mica tape 2, armor layer 3 and outer sheath 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be understood that the expression "one or more of" includes individually each of the items recited after the expression and various combinations of two or more of the recited items, unless otherwise apparent from the context and usage. The expression "and / or" in conjunction with three or more recited items should be understood to have the same meaning, unless otherwise apparent from the context.

[0031] The terms "comprising", "having" or "containing", including their grammatical synonyms, should generally be understood as open and non-restrictive, e.g., not excluding other unrecited elements or steps, unless otherwise specifically stated or understood from the context.

[0032] It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which certain actions are performed are not important as long as the present invention remains operable. Additionally, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.

[0033] The use of any and all examples or exemplary language, such as "such as" or "including," herein is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does not limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in this specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A wide temperature range optical cable for ships, such as Figure 1 As shown, it comprises a cable core 1, a mica tape 2, an armor layer 3, and an outer sheath 4. The cable core contains at least one optical fiber, and the outer side is provided with a mica tape fireproof layer, an armor layer, and an outer sheath in sequence.

[0036] The outer sheath comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of modified polyphenylene ether (MPPO), 20 parts of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000 g / mol, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a weight-average molecular weight of 200,000 g / mol, and 36 parts of a compatible flame retardant;

[0037] The modified polyphenylene ether is blended with polyphenylene ether and polystyrene, and the mass fraction of polyphenylene ether is 60%, and the compatible flame retardant is prepared by the following steps:

[0038] Under nitrogen protection, 7.7 g of dopamine, 6.8 g of 2-vinylbenzaldehyde, and 50 g of isopropanol were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, and the mixture was reacted at a temperature of 50 ° C for 6 h. Then, 10 g of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide was added to the three-necked flask, and the system temperature was raised to 75 ° C. The mixture was reacted at a temperature of 75 ° C for 12 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was filtered out, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and dried to obtain a flame retardant compatibilizer.

[0039] A method for preparing a wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1, adding 20 parts of low-density polyethylene, 40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 36 parts of compatible flame retardant, and 0.3 parts of tert-butyl perbenzoate into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extrude and granulate at a temperature of 160° C. under nitrogen protection to obtain flame-retardant polyethylene for later use;

[0041] S2. Twist the optical fibers into a bundle and use a wrapping machine to spirally wrap a mica tape around the optical fiber bundle. Then, coat the mica tape with an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire braided armor layer for later use.

[0042] S3. Add flame-retardant polyethylene and 35 parts of modified polyphenylene ether into a twin-screw extruder, protect with nitrogen, extrude outside the armor layer at a temperature of 240°C, and then cool and shape to form an outer sheath, thereby obtaining a wide temperature range optical cable for ships.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A wide temperature range optical cable for ships, such as Figure 1 As shown, it comprises a cable core 1, a mica tape 2, an armor layer 3, and an outer sheath 4. The cable core contains at least one optical fiber, and the outer side is provided with a mica tape fireproof layer, an armor layer, and an outer sheath in sequence.

[0045] The outer sheath comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of modified polyphenylene ether (MPPO), 25 parts of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a weight-average molecular weight of 185,000 g / mol, 35 parts of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a weight-average molecular weight of 250,000 g / mol, and 33 parts of a compatible flame retardant;

[0046] The modified polyphenylene ether is blended with polyphenylene ether and polystyrene, and the mass fraction of polyphenylene ether is 50%, and the compatible flame retardant is prepared by the following steps:

[0047] Under nitrogen protection, 11.6 g of dopamine, 10.1 g of 3-vinylbenzaldehyde, and 85 g of isopropanol were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, and the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 55 ° C for 5 hours. Then, 15 g of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide was added to the three-necked flask, and the system temperature was raised to 80 ° C. Then, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 80 ° C for 11 hours. After the reaction, the precipitate was filtered out, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and dried to obtain a flame retardant compatibilizer.

[0048] A method for preparing a wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1, adding 25 parts of low-density polyethylene, 35 parts of high-density polyethylene, 33 parts of compatible flame retardant, and 0.51 parts of tert-butyl perbenzoate into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded and granulated at 170° C. under nitrogen protection to obtain flame-retardant polyethylene for later use;

[0050] S2. Twist the optical fibers into a bundle and use a wrapping machine to spirally wrap a mica tape around the optical fiber bundle. Then, coat the mica tape with an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire braided armor layer for later use.

[0051] S3. Add flame-retardant polyethylene and 40 parts of modified polyphenylene ether into a twin-screw extruder, protect with nitrogen, extrude outside the armor layer at a temperature of 250°C, and then cool and shape to form an outer sheath, thereby obtaining a wide temperature range optical cable for ships.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A wide temperature range optical cable for ships, such as Figure 1 As shown, it comprises a cable core 1, a mica tape 2, an armor layer 3, and an outer sheath 4. The cable core contains at least one optical fiber, and the outer side is provided with a mica tape fireproof layer, an armor layer, and an outer sheath in sequence.

[0054] The outer sheath comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of modified polyphenylene ether (MPPO), 30 parts of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a weight-average molecular weight of 220,000 g / mol, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a weight-average molecular weight of 300,000 g / mol, and 30 parts of a compatible flame retardant;

[0055] The modified polyphenylene ether is blended with polyphenylene ether and polystyrene, and the mass fraction of polyphenylene ether is 40%, and the compatible flame retardant is prepared by the following steps:

[0056] Under nitrogen protection, 15.5 g of dopamine, 13.4 g of 2-vinylbenzaldehyde, and 120 g of isopropanol were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, and the mixture was reacted at a temperature of 60 ° C for 4 hours. Then, 20 g of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide was added to the three-necked flask, and the system temperature was raised to 85 ° C. The mixture was reacted at a temperature of 85 ° C for 10 hours. After the reaction, the precipitate was filtered out, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and dried to obtain a flame retardant compatibilizer.

[0057] A method for preparing a wide-temperature-range optical cable for ships, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1, adding 30 parts of low-density polyethylene, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 30 parts of compatible flame retardant, and 0.3 parts of dicumyl peroxide into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded and granulated at 180° C. under nitrogen protection to obtain flame-retardant polyethylene for later use;

[0059] S2. Twist the optical fibers into a bundle and use a wrapping machine to spirally wrap a mica tape around the optical fiber bundle. Then, coat the mica tape with an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire braided armor layer for later use.

[0060] S3. Add flame-retardant polyethylene and 45 parts of modified polyphenylene ether into a twin-screw extruder, protect with nitrogen, extrude outside the armor layer at a temperature of 260°C, and then cool and shape to form an outer sheath, thereby obtaining a wide temperature range optical cable for ships.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] The compatible flame retardant in Example 3 was replaced by the flame retardant DOPO in an equal amount, and the remaining raw materials and preparation steps were the same as in Example 3.

[0063] Experimental example

[0064] The outer sheath materials in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to performance tests, respectively. The oxygen limiting index test was performed according to the national standard GB / T 2406.2-2009. The tensile strength and impact strength after the heat aging test at room temperature and -50°C, and at 85°C and 2.1 MPa oxygen pressure for 168 hours were tested according to the national standard GB / T 2951.11-2008. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0065] Table 1

[0066]

[0067] It can be seen from Table 1 that the outer sheath materials in Examples 1 to 3 have good mechanical properties and flame retardant properties, will not produce yellowing and defects due to oxidation after processing, and have good heat resistance and cold resistance, and can be used for various severe temperature changes encountered during ship navigation.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide temperature range optical cable for ships, characterized in that: The cable core comprises a cable core, a mica tape, an armor layer, and an outer sheath. The cable core comprises at least one optical fiber, and the outer side is provided with a mica tape fireproof layer, an armor layer, and an outer sheath in sequence. The outer sheath comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35-45 parts of modified polyphenylene ether (MPPO), 20-30 parts of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 30-40 parts of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and 30-36 parts of a compatible flame retardant, and the compatible flame retardant is prepared by the following steps: Under nitrogen protection, dopamine and benzaldehyde derivatives are dissolved in isopropanol and reacted at a temperature of 50-60°C for 4-6 hours. Then, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is added to the system and reacted at a temperature of 75-85°C for 10-12 hours to obtain a flame retardant compatibilizer.

2. The wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified polyphenylene ether is prepared by blending polyphenylene ether and polystyrene, and the mass fraction of the polyphenylene ether is 40-60%.

3. The wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight average molecular weight of the low-density polyethylene is 150,000 to 220,000 g / mol.

4. The wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight average molecular weight of the high-density polyethylene is 200,000 to 300,000 g / mol.

5. The wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The benzaldehyde derivative is one of 2-vinylbenzaldehyde, 3-vinylbenzaldehyde and 4-vinylbenzaldehyde.

6. The wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of dopamine, benzaldehyde derivative and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is 7.7-15.5:6.8-13.4:10-22.

7. A method for preparing a wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, a compatible flame retardant, and an initiator are melt-extruded under nitrogen protection to obtain flame-retardant polyethylene for use; after the optical fibers are twisted into bundles, mica tape is wrapped around the outside of the optical fiber bundle in turn to weave an armor layer, and then the flame-retardant polyethylene and modified polyphenylene ether are extruded outside the armor layer under nitrogen protection and cooled to form an outer sheath, thereby obtaining a wide-temperature range optical cable for ships.

8. The method for preparing a wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 7, characterized in that: The initiator is one of dicumyl peroxide and tert-butyl perbenzoate.

9. The method for preparing a wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, compatible flame retardant and initiator is 20-30:30-40:30-36:0.3-0.

72.

10. The method for preparing a wide temperature range optical cable for ships according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature condition for melt extrusion of the flame retardant polyethylene is 160-180°C, and the temperature condition for melt extrusion of the outer sheath is 240-260°C.

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