Coating for improving power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panel and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel and a preparation method of the coating. Relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic panel coatings. Through the layered design, the bottom heat-conducting layer graphene / boron nitride composite slurry is in direct contact with the photovoltaic panel, so that the working heat is quickly led out, the working temperature is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved; the top functional layer is a hydrophobic and wear-resistant coating formed by fluorinated TiO2 (at) SiO2 / ZrP slurry, so that dust attachment and light reflection loss are reduced, pollutants can be washed by rainwater, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced; a SiO2 shell layer and fluorination treatment inhibit the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, and the coating is prevented from being degraded; zrP nanocrystals block ultraviolet rays, and the service life of the coating is prolonged; the TiO2 coated SiO2 core-shell structure reduces the ultraviolet light absorption, maintains the visible light transmittance (greater than 90%), and maximizes the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic panel coatings, and in particular to a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solar energy, a vast, clean, and safe renewable energy source, is poised to replace traditional fossil fuels and become a major component of the future energy mix. Therefore, accelerating the development and utilization of renewable energy, primarily solar energy, has become a consensus. In recent years, with significant improvements in the performance and reliability of solar cells, and the continuous decline in their cost and price, the market has grown rapidly, making photovoltaic power generation increasingly competitive. During use, solar panels are susceptible to corrosion, UV rays, and climate change. In persistently dry weather, wind can deposit large amounts of dust and other substances on the surface of solar panels. If left uncleaned, accumulated dust, dirt, and bird droppings on the surface of solar panels reduce sunlight transmittance, thereby impacting the panels' power generation efficiency and performance. Statistics show that long-term, untreated, regional fouling on photovoltaic module surfaces can reduce power generation by over 17%. Traditional manual and mechanized cleaning methods suffer from long cleaning cycles, high labor costs, high equipment purchase and maintenance costs, and limited installation and operating conditions. Furthermore, they can cause wear on the surface of photovoltaic modules, impacting power generation efficiency and service life. Therefore, developing cost-effective, safe, and reliable cleaning technologies for photovoltaic modules is crucial to improving energy efficiency and reducing the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic power plants.

[0003] Existing technologies often utilize the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 to achieve self-cleaning in photovoltaic panels. However, these technologies offer limited self-cleaning effects and lack effective heat dissipation. Therefore, improving the self-cleaning and heat dissipation capabilities of solar photovoltaic panels, thereby increasing power generation efficiency, is a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem of low power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] First, a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, comprising a graphene / boron nitride composite thermally conductive bottom layer and a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer;

[0007] The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer has a thickness of 12-18 μm;

[0008] The thickness of the fluorinated SiO2@TiO2 functional top layer is 8-12 μm.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer is formed by curing a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry. The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

[0010] Graphene nanosheets: 12-18 wt%; boron nitride nanosheets: 4-6 wt%; silicone acrylate emulsion: 65-75 wt%; NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone): balance.

[0011] Furthermore, the preparation method of the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry comprises the following steps:

[0012] Graphene nanosheets and boron nitride nanosheets are added to NMP, ultrasonically dispersed, and then silicone acrylate emulsion is added and stirred for 2-4 hours to obtain a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry.

[0013] Graphene has high in-plane thermal conductivity and is ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent with boron nitride, which has high insulation and lateral thermal conductivity, to form a uniform network. Silicone acrylate emulsion acts as a binder, forming a continuous thermal conduction path after curing. At the same time, the flexible chain segments of the silicone acrylate emulsion and the nanosheets reduce interfacial thermal resistance through physical adsorption and chemical bonding, thereby improving thermal diffusion efficiency. In addition, the silicone acrylate matrix adapts to panel deformation to prevent coating cracking.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer is formed by curing a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry. The fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry comprises the following components by weight percentage:

[0015] Modified ZrP nanocrystals: 6-8wt%; fluorinated TiO2@SiO2: 20-30wt%; fluorinated acrylate copolymer: 35-45wt%; silane coupling agent: 2-6wt%; BPO (benzoyl peroxide): 1-3wt%; isopropyl alcohol: the balance.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry comprises the following steps:

[0017] Modified ZrP nanocrystals and fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 are added to isopropyl alcohol and uniformly dispersed by ultrasonication. A silane coupling agent is added and stirred at 35-45°C for 1-2 hours. Then, a fluorinated acrylate copolymer and DCP are added and stirred for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified ZrP nanocrystals comprises the following steps:

[0019] α-ZrP (zirconium phosphate nanocrystals) are dispersed in an ethanol / water solution, vinyltriethoxysilane is added, and the mixture is refluxed and reacted at 60-70° C. for 2-3 hours, followed by centrifugation, washing, and drying to obtain modified ZrP nanocrystals.

[0020] Preferably, the amount of vinyltriethoxysilane used is 12-14 wt% of the amount of α-ZrP used.

[0021] Vinyl silane grafting is used to enhance the compatibility of zirconium phosphate nanocrystals with the polymer matrix and avoid agglomeration. ZrP nanocrystals enhance mechanical strength and retain barrier properties while the vinyl group provides active sites for subsequent grafting reactions. It can be further cross-linked with fluoropolymers through free radical polymerization, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the material.

[0022] Furthermore, the preparation method of the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. The nano-TiO2 was dispersed in ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 2-4%;

[0024] S2. TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), ethanol, and deionized water were added to the suspension in sequence and stirred uniformly. Ammonia was then added to adjust the pH to 9-10. The mixture was stirred in a water bath at 55-65°C for 2-4 hours, and then centrifuged, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles.

[0025] S3. After calcining the TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles at 200-300°C for 1-2 hours, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was added and reacted at 70-80°C under nitrogen purge for 3-6 hours. The particles were cooled to room temperature (25-30°C), washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain fluorinated TiO2@SiO2.

[0026] Preferably, in S2, the volume ratio of the suspension, TEOS, ethanol and deionized water is 10:1:2:1.

[0027] Preferably, in S3, the mass ratio of trimethylchlorosilane to TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles is 0.6-1:20.

[0028] By constructing a TiO2@SiO2 core-shell, the TiO2 core provides a high refractive index and photocatalytic activity, and the low refractive index of the SiO2 shell forms a map refractive index structure with the air and the matrix, reducing light reflection loss and improving the light absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, it protects the core from chemical corrosion. Fluorosilanization modification cooperates with ZrP to block water and oxygen, giving the material hydrophobic and anti-pollution properties.

[0029] Furthermore, the silane coupling agent is KH-550, KH-560 or KH570.

[0030] In a second aspect, a method for preparing a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step 1. Prepare graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer:

[0032] The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry is applied to the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel, pre-baked at 50-60°C for 4-6 minutes, and then cured at 80-100°C for 1-3 hours to obtain a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer;

[0033] Step 2. Preparation of fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer:

[0034] The fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry is coated on the surface of the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer, pre-baked at 60-70°C for 4-6 minutes under N2 conditions, and cured at 90-120°C for 1-2 hours to obtain the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention provides a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Through a layered design, the bottom thermal conductive layer, graphene / boron nitride composite slurry, directly contacts the photovoltaic panel, quickly dissipating working heat, reducing operating temperature, and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. The top functional layer, fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP slurry, forms a hydrophobic and wear-resistant coating, reducing dust adhesion and light reflection loss. Rainwater can wash away pollutants, reducing operation and maintenance costs. The SiO2 shell layer and fluorination treatment inhibit the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and prevent coating degradation. ZrP nanocrystals block ultraviolet rays, extending the life of the coating. The TiO2@SiO2 core-shell structure reduces ultraviolet light absorption while maintaining visible light transmittance (>90%), maximizing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0037] 2. The double-layer coating prepared by the present invention utilizes a thermally conductive bottom layer to solve the problem of heat accumulation, and a hydrophobic top layer to improve surface contamination. The excellent UV blocking and chemical stability synergistically solve the problem of environmental aging, which can significantly improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels and reduce long-term maintenance costs. It is suitable for harsh environments such as high humidity, high dust or strong UV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0040] The terms used in the examples of this application are for the purpose of describing specific implementation rules only and are not intended to limit this application. The singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" used in the implementation rules of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0041] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of each process does not mean the order of execution. Some or all steps can be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the implementation regulations of this application.

[0042] The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the examples of this application may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the weight ratio between the components. Therefore, as long as the content of the relevant components is proportionally enlarged or reduced according to the examples of this application, it is within the scope disclosed in the examples of this application. Specifically, the mass described in the examples of this application may be a mass unit known in the chemical industry, such as μg, mg, g, kg, etc.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this application can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods. Specifically, in the following embodiments and comparative examples, the particle size of nano-TiO2 is 20-50 nm; the graphene nanosheets are multilayer graphene sheets with a thickness of 0.35-5 nm; the silicone acrylate emulsion is BF-400B; and the fluorine-containing acrylate copolymer is perfluorohexylethyl acrylate.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This embodiment provides a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry for preparing a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer, which includes the following components in percentage by weight:

[0047] Graphene nanosheets: 15wt%; Boron nitride nanosheets: 5wt%; Silicone acrylate emulsion: 70wt%, NMP: 10wt%;

[0048] The preparation method of the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry comprises the following steps:

[0049] Graphene nanosheets and boron nitride nanosheets were added to NMP, and ultrasonic treatment was performed at a power of 500 W to disperse them uniformly. Then, silicone acrylate emulsion was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for preparing modified ZrP nanocrystals, comprising the following steps:

[0052] α-ZrP was dispersed in ethanol / water (V 乙醇 :V 水 =2:1) solution, vinyltriethoxysilane (13 wt% of the mass of α-ZrP) was added, and the mixture was refluxed at 65° C. for 3 h, followed by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying at 60° C. to obtain modified ZrP nanocrystals.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This embodiment provides a method for preparing fluorinated TiO2@SiO2, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1. Nano-TiO2 was dispersed in ethanol and uniformly dispersed by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 3%;

[0056] S2. The suspension, TEOS, ethanol, and deionized water were mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1:2:1, and ammonia was added to adjust the pH to 9.5. The mixture was stirred in a water bath at 60°C for 3 h, and then centrifuged, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles.

[0057] S3. After calcining the TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles at 280°C for 1.5 hours, trimethylsilyl chloride was added at a mass ratio of trimethylsilyl chloride to TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles of 0.8:20. The mixture was reacted at 75°C under nitrogen purge for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain fluorinated TiO2@SiO2.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] This embodiment provides a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry for preparing a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer, which includes the following components by weight percentage:

[0060] Modified ZrP nanocrystals prepared in Example 2: 7 wt%; fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 prepared in Example 3: 25 wt%; fluorinated acrylate copolymer: 40 wt%; silane coupling agent (KH-550): 5 wt%; BPO: 2 wt%; isopropyl alcohol: 21 wt%;

[0061] The preparation method of the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry comprises the following steps:

[0062] Modified ZrP nanocrystals and fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 were added to isopropyl alcohol and uniformly dispersed by ultrasonication. A silane coupling agent was added and stirred for reaction at 40°C for 1.5 h. Then, fluorinated acrylate copolymer and BPO were added and stirred for 1 h to obtain a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] A method for preparing a coating that improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, see Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of the coating shown includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 1. Prepare graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer:

[0066] The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry prepared in Example 1 was applied to the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel by spin coating, pre-baked at 55°C for 5 minutes, and then cured at 90°C for 2 hours to obtain a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer with a thickness of 16 μm;

[0067] Step 2. Preparation of fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer:

[0068] The fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry prepared in Example 4 was applied to the surface of the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer by spin coating. Under N2 conditions, it was pre-baked at 70°C for 5 minutes and cured at 110°C for 2 hours to obtain a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer with a thickness of 10 μm.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] This comparative example provides a graphene thermal conductive slurry, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

[0071] Graphene nanosheets: 20wt%; silicone acrylate emulsion: 70wt%, NMP: 10wt%;

[0072] The preparation method of the graphene thermal conductive slurry comprises the following steps:

[0073] Graphene nanosheets were added to NMP and dispersed evenly by ultrasonic treatment at a power of 500 W. Then, silicone acrylate emulsion was added and stirred and dispersed for 3 hours to obtain graphene thermal conductive slurry.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] This comparative example provides a method for preparing TiO2@SiO2, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1. Nano-TiO2 was dispersed in ethanol and uniformly dispersed by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 3%;

[0077] S2. The suspension, TEOS, ethanol, and deionized water were mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1:2:1. Ammonia was added to adjust the pH to 9.5. The mixture was stirred in a water bath at 60°C for 3 h. The mixture was then centrifuged, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles.

[0078] Comparative Example 3

[0079] This comparative example provides a method for preparing fluorinated TiO2, comprising the following steps:

[0080] After nano-TiO2 was calcined at 280°C for 1.5h, trimethylchlorosilane was added, and the mass ratio of trimethylchlorosilane to TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles was 0.8:20. The reaction was carried out at 75°C under nitrogen purge for 5h, cooled to room temperature, washed, and vacuum dried to obtain fluorinated TiO2.

[0081] Comparative Example 4

[0082] This comparative example provides a functional slurry for preparing a top layer. The difference from Example 4 is that only the modified ZrP nanocrystals prepared in Example 2 are replaced by unmodified ordinary ZrP nanocrystals, and the other steps and parameters remain the same.

[0083] Comparative Example 5

[0084] This comparative example provides a functional slurry for preparing a top layer. The difference from Example 4 is that only the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 prepared in Example 3 is replaced by the TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles prepared in Comparative Example 2, and the other steps and parameters remain the same.

[0085] Comparative Example 6

[0086] This comparative example provides a functional slurry for preparing a top layer. The difference from Example 4 is that only the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 prepared in Example 3 is replaced by the fluorinated TiO2 prepared in Comparative Example 3, and the other steps and parameters remain the same.

[0087] Comparative Example 7

[0088] A method for preparing a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, which differs from Example 5 in that only the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry prepared in Example 1 in step 1 is replaced with the graphene thermal conductive slurry prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the remaining steps and parameters remain the same.

[0089] Comparative Example 8

[0090] A method for preparing a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, which differs from Example 5 in that only the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry prepared in Example 4 in step 2 is replaced by the functional slurry prepared in Comparative Example 4, and the remaining steps and parameters remain the same.

[0091] Comparative Example 9

[0092] A method for preparing a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, which differs from Example 5 in that only the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry prepared in Example 4 in step 2 is replaced by the functional slurry prepared in Comparative Example 5, and the remaining steps and parameters remain the same.

[0093] Comparative Example 10

[0094] A method for preparing a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, which differs from Example 5 in that only the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry prepared in Example 4 in step 2 is replaced by the functional slurry prepared in Comparative Example 6, and the remaining steps and parameters remain the same.

[0095] The comparison of relevant materials in the above embodiments and comparative examples is summarized in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] The coatings prepared in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 7-10 were tested for performance:

[0100] (1) Adhesion test: refer to GB / T 9286-2021;

[0101] (2) Hardness test: refer to GB / T 6739-2006;

[0102] (3) Hydrophobicity and oleophobicity test: water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle were measured by contact angle tester;

[0103] (4) Light transmittance test: Tested using a light transmittance detector;

[0104] (5) Thermal conductivity: refer to ASTM D-5470.

[0105] The above test results are shown in Table 2.

[0106] Table 2

[0107]

[0108] The 6-month power generation of the photovoltaic panel components after using the coating of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 7-10 is improved compared with the uncoated photovoltaic panels as shown in Table 3.

[0109] Table 3

[0110]

[0111] From the above tests, it can be seen that after the photovoltaic panel is treated with the coating prepared by the present invention, the self-cleaning efficiency and thermal conductivity of the photovoltaic panel can be improved, thereby protecting the photovoltaic module, reducing the power attenuation of the module, and effectively increasing the power generation.

[0112] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0113] The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: It includes a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer and a fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer; The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer has a thickness of 12-18 μm; The thickness of the fluorinated SiO2@TiO2 functional top layer is 8-12 μm.

2. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer is formed by curing a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry. The graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry comprises the following components by weight percentage: Graphene nanosheets: 12-18wt%; Boron nitride nanosheets: 4-6 wt%; silicone acrylate emulsion: 65-75 wt%; NMP: balance.

3. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer is formed by curing the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry. The fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry comprises the following components by weight percentage: Modified ZrP nanocrystals: 6-8wt%; fluorinated TiO2@SiO2: 20-30wt%; fluorinated acrylate copolymer: 35-45wt%; silane coupling agent: 2-6wt%; BPO: 1-3wt%; and isopropyl alcohol: the balance.

4. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for preparing the modified ZrP nanocrystals comprises the following steps: α-ZrP is dispersed in an ethanol / water solution, vinyltriethoxysilane is added, and the mixture is reflux-heated at 60-70° C. for 2-3 hours, and then centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain modified ZrP nanocrystals.

5. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of vinyl triethoxysilane used is 12-14 wt% of the amount of α-ZrP used.

6. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 comprises the following steps: S1. The nano-TiO2 was dispersed in ethanol and uniformly dispersed by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 2-4%; S2. TEOS, ethanol, and deionized water were added to the suspension in sequence and stirred uniformly. Ammonia was then added to adjust the pH to 9-10. The mixture was stirred in a water bath at 55-65°C for 2-4 hours, and then centrifuged, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles. S3. After calcining the TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles at 200-300°C for 1-2 hours, trimethylsilyl chloride was added and reacted at 70-80°C under nitrogen purge for 3-6 hours. The particles were cooled to room temperature, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain fluorinated TiO2@SiO2.

7. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S2, the volume ratio of the suspension, TEOS, ethanol and deionized water is 10:1:2:

1.

8. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the mass ratio of trimethylchlorosilane to TiO2@SiO2 core-shell particles is 0.6-1:

20.

9. The coating for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is KH-550, KH-560 or KH570.

10. A method for preparing a coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, for preparing the coating for improving the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1. Apply the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive slurry to the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel, pre-bake at 50-60°C for 4-6 minutes, and then cure at 80-100°C for 1-3 hours to obtain a graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer; Step 2. Coat the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional slurry on the surface of the graphene / boron nitride composite thermal conductive bottom layer, pre-bake at 60-70°C for 4-6 minutes under N2 conditions, and cure at 90-120°C for 1-2 hours to obtain the fluorinated TiO2@SiO2 / ZrP functional top layer.

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