Portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nucleic acid amplification and detection, and discloses a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device which comprises a machine shell, a machine cover, an amplification module and a detection module, and the amplification module comprises a low-temperature plate, a high-temperature plate and reaction grooves which are formed in the low-temperature plate and the high-temperature plate and connected with test tubes in an inserted mode. A heating contact block capable of being in contact with or separated from a test tube, a heat insulation clamping block capable of clamping the test tube or releasing clamping and a control structure for controlling the heating contact block and the heat insulation clamping block to stretch and retract are arranged in the reaction tank, the control structure is controlled by opening and closing of the machine cover, and a fan and a guide structure for guiding air into the reaction tank are arranged in the machine shell. According to the device, when the machine cover is opened, the heat insulation clamping block firstly clamps the test tube, then drives the heating contact block to be separated from the test tube and guides air into the reaction tank, the temperature of the test tube only needs to be rapidly reduced, the cooling time is shortened, the temperature reduction amplitude on the low-temperature plate and the high-temperature plate is small, and the cooling effect is good. And the temperature rise time is shortened and the energy consumption is reduced during reuse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nucleic acid amplification and detection, and in particular to a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device. Background Art

[0002] Nucleic acid amplification is a cyclical gene amplification reaction. Each amplification cycle consists of three stages: DNA denaturation, annealing, and extension. Each stage requires different temperature conditions, and the three stages constitute a complete thermal cycle. Because each stage of amplification requires different temperatures, conventional PCR amplifiers require continuous heating and cooling, which is time-consuming. This is why convection PCR amplification equipment has emerged.

[0003] Chinese patent application number 201520892602.2 discloses a fluorescence detection device and a convection PCR reaction equipment using the device, including a heating module and a fluorescence detection device. The heating module includes a high-temperature heating subunit, a low-temperature heating subunit located above the high-temperature heating subunit, and an insulation subunit arranged between the two, and the three are provided with reaction holes for inserting reaction tubes; the fluorescence detection device includes an excitation module group that provides excitation light, the excitation optical fiber is connected to the excitation module group to transmit the excitation light to the reaction tube, and the receiving optical fiber can collect and transmit the fluorescence signal of the reaction tube; the receiving module group is connected to the receiving optical fiber to receive the fluorescence signal from the reaction tube and output the result.

[0004] In the above scheme, by providing a high-temperature heating subunit and a low-temperature heating subunit, the liquid sample within the reaction tube undergoes thermal convection. Specifically, when the liquid sample is at the bottom of the reaction tube, the higher temperature causes DNA denaturation. The heat at the bottom of the reaction tube causes the liquid sample to decrease in density, causing it to move upward. However, as it rises, the liquid temperature gradually decreases, increasing its density until it reaches the upper liquid surface of the reaction tube, where it undergoes annealing at a lower temperature. At this point, the liquid sample is at a lower temperature and has a higher density, causing it to sink. By the time it reaches the middle of the reaction tube, the extension reaction is complete. Therefore, a single thermal convection movement of the liquid sample completes one cycle of nucleic acid amplification. When the liquid sample reaches the bottom of the reaction tube, the next cycle begins. After multiple cycles, the excitation module assembly emits excitation light, which is transmitted by the excitation optical fiber to the reaction tube. The liquid sample generates a fluorescence signal under the action of the excitation light. The receiving optical fiber collects and transmits the fluorescence signal to the receiving module assembly, which then processes and outputs the result.

[0005] After completing the amplification and detection of the sample, the old test tube in the device needs to be taken out and replaced with a new test tube containing the new sample. However, since the temperature range during amplification is 60 to 95°C, the temperature of the old test tube is high when it is taken out, and the operator is easily burned when taking the test tube. Therefore, a cooling fan is usually set in the device. After the device is opened, the cooling fan is used to reduce the temperature in the device to a safe temperature. When the test tube is reduced to a safe temperature, the temperature of the high-temperature heating subunit and the low-temperature heating subunit is also reduced to a safe temperature or close to a safe temperature, resulting in a long cooling time. It also causes the high-temperature heating subunit and the low-temperature heating subunit to need to reheat and stabilize to the target temperature, which takes a long time and increases energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art in the long cooling and heating times and high energy consumption caused by ensuring the safety of operators when changing samples. It provides a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device that ensures the safety of operators while reducing the cooling and heating times and lowering energy consumption.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device includes a housing, a cover that can be opened or closed, and an amplification module and a detection module disposed within the housing. The amplification module includes a low-temperature plate and a high-temperature plate disposed sequentially from top to bottom within the housing, and reaction tanks disposed on the low-temperature plate and the high-temperature plate for plugging into test tubes. The amplification module also includes:

[0009] The heating contact block is elastically arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank. When partially extended, it contacts the test tube and transmits the temperature of the low temperature plate or the high temperature plate to the test tube; when retracted, it separates from the test tube.

[0010] The heat-insulating clamp is elastically and retractably arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank and at least two are evenly spaced around the circumference of the test tube. When partially extended, it clamps the test tube; when retracted, it detaches from the test tube.

[0011] The control structure is elastically arranged in the housing. When the cover is opened, the control structure first causes the heat-insulating clamp to partially extend to clamp the test tube, and then causes the heating contact to retract and separate from the test tube; when the cover is closed, the control structure first causes the heat-insulating clamp to retract to release the clamp from the test tube, and then causes the heating contact to partially extend and abut against the outer wall of the test tube.

[0012] The heat dissipation component includes a fan arranged in the casing and a guide structure for guiding the wind blown by the fan into the reaction tank. The opening and closing of the guide structure is controlled by the retraction or partial extension of the temperature-raising contact block.

[0013] With the above solution, when the lid is opened, the control structure first partially extends the thermal insulation clamp to clamp the test tube, then retracts the heating contact block to disengage the test tube. After the heating contact block retracts, the guide structure is opened to direct the fan air into the reaction tank. This process ensures that the test tube is no longer in contact with the heating source while driving the air to flow rapidly around the test tube. Since the test tube is clamped, it will not move under the action of the wind and contact the reaction tank, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the test tube. Since the thermal insulation clamp is always partially extended when the lid is opened, when the operator inserts a new test tube into the reaction tank, they need to overcome the elastic clamping force of the thermal insulation clamp to insert the test tube, which may result in the test tube not being fully inserted. Therefore, when the lid is closed, the control structure first retracts the thermal insulation clamp to release the clamping force of the test tube, ensuring that the test tube falls to the bottom, then partially extends the heating contact block to abut against the outer ring wall of the test tube to conduct temperature. After the heating contact block is partially extended, the guide structure is closed. Since only the temperature of the test tube needs to be lowered, the cooling time can be greatly shortened. At the same time, due to the shortened cooling time, the temperature drop on the low temperature plate and the high temperature plate is small, which shortens the heating time of both plates when they are used again and reduces energy consumption.

[0014] Preferably, the control structure includes a telescopic groove recessed in the inner wall of the reaction tank for elastically moving the sealing of the heating contact block and a sliding groove for elastically moving the sealing of the thermal insulation clamp block. A driving structure is provided in the casing for extracting air from the sliding groove to drive the thermal insulation clamp block to retract when the cover is closed, and injecting air into the telescopic groove to drive the heating contact block to partially extend. When the cover is opened, the driving structure extracts air from the telescopic groove to drive the heating contact block to retract, and injects air into the sliding groove to drive the thermal insulation clamp block to partially extend. The speed of filling and deflating air in the sliding groove is much greater than the speed of filling and deflating air in the telescopic groove.

[0015] With the above solution, when the lid is closed, the drive structure extracts air from the sliding groove to create negative pressure, driving the thermal insulation clamp seal to retract. Simultaneously, air is pumped into the expansion slot to create positive pressure, driving the heated contact seal to partially extend. Since the speed of air filling and deflating in the sliding groove is much faster than that in the expansion slot, the thermal insulation clamp retracts first, releasing its grip on the test tube, and the heated contact extends later to abut against the test tube. Similarly, when the lid is opened, the drive structure pumps air into the sliding groove to release the negative pressure and restore normal pressure, causing the thermal insulation clamp to elastically seal partially extend to clamp the test tube. Simultaneously, air is extracted from the expansion slot, releasing the positive pressure and restoring normal pressure, causing the heated contact seal to retract and disengage from the test tube. Since the speed of air filling and deflating in the sliding groove is much faster than that in the expansion slot, the thermal insulation clamp extends first to clamp the test tube, and the heated contact retracts later to disengage from the test tube.

[0016] Preferably, the driving structure includes a fixed block arranged in the casing and an air storage space formed hollow in the fixed block. The air storage space is elastically sealed and lifted with a sealing block that divides the air storage space into a first space connected to the sliding groove and a second space connected to the telescopic groove. When the sealing block rises, the gas in the first space is pressed into the sliding groove and the air in the telescopic groove is extracted into the second space; when the sealing block descends, the gas in the second space is pressed into the telescopic groove and the air in the sliding groove is extracted into the first space. A driving rod with one end sealingly passing through the casing and located outside the casing is extended upward on one side of the sealing block close to the cover. The lifting and lowering of the driving rod is controlled by the opening and closing of the cover.

[0017] By adopting the above scheme, when the machine cover is closed, the extrusion drive rod descends, driving the sealing block to descend synchronously, thereby achieving the degassing of the sliding groove and the inflation of the telescopic groove; conversely, when the machine cover is opened, the resistance from the machine cover on the drive rod disappears, and the sealing block and the drive rod elastic seal rise and reset, thereby achieving the inflation of the sliding groove and the degassing of the telescopic groove.

[0018] Preferably, a first air duct that seals the first space and the sliding groove and a second air duct that seals the second space and the telescopic groove are provided in the casing, and the inner diameter of the first air duct is much larger than the inner diameter of the second air duct.

[0019] With the above solution, the inner diameter of the first air channel is much larger than the inner diameter of the second air channel, ensuring that the speed of inflation and deflation in the sliding groove is much larger than the speed of inflation and deflation in the telescopic groove.

[0020] Preferably, the end of the driving rod away from the sealing block is in an outwardly convex spherical shape.

[0021] With this solution, the cover needs to squeeze and slide with the drive rod to drive it down when closing. The convex spherical shape facilitates this squeeze and slide fit, reducing any sticking. Furthermore, since the drive rod partially extends outside the housing when the cover is open, the spherical shape also reduces the risk of operator injury.

[0022] Preferably, the guiding structure includes an air supply fan provided on the inner wall of the telescopic slot to blow the air out of the air into the air inlet channel between the reaction tank and the test tube; the heating contact block seal exposes the air inlet channel when it is retracted and seals and blocks the air inlet channel when it is partially extended.

[0023] With this solution, when the lid is open, the heating contact seal retracts, exposing the air inlet duct. This allows air from the fan to flow directly into the space between the reaction tank and the outer wall of the test tube, rapidly lowering the test tube's temperature. Conversely, when the lid is closed, the heating contact seal partially extends, blocking the air inlet duct and preventing air from entering the reaction tank, ensuring smooth amplification reactions. The air from the fan can then be used to dissipate heat from the housing or internal components, such as the battery.

[0024] Preferably, a first spring is provided between the sealing block and the air storage space to drive the sealing block to rise when the cover is opened, a second tension spring is provided between the heating contact block and the telescopic slot to drive the heating contact block to retract under normal conditions to expose the air inlet channel, and a third spring is provided between the thermal insulation clamp block and the sliding slot to drive the thermal insulation clamp block to partially extend under normal conditions.

[0025] Preferably, the detection module includes a light source component that emits excitation light, an introduction component that transmits the excitation light to the test tube to excite the fluorescent substance in the sample to produce emission light, a detection component that receives and detects the emission light, and an output component that transmits the emission light from the test tube to the detection component.

[0026] Preferably, the light source assembly includes two groups of lamp beads and the two groups of lamp beads emit excitation light of different wavelengths, the import assembly includes two import optical fibers and each import optical fiber corresponds to a group of lamp beads, the export assembly includes an export optical fiber and a second filter for filtering the excitation light arranged on the side of the export optical fiber close to the test tube, and the detection assembly includes a first dark chamber arranged in the casing, a first filter arranged obliquely in the first dark chamber to divide the first dark chamber into upper and lower parts, a first detection part arranged in the first dark chamber above the first filter, and a second detection part arranged in the first dark chamber below the first filter.

[0027] Preferably, the inlet optical fiber is covered with an inlet light-shielding member, and the outlet optical fiber is covered with an outlet light-shielding member. The opposite sides of the inlet light-shielding member and the outlet light-shielding member are mutually embraced to form a second dark chamber in the circumference of the test tube.

[0028] Using the above scheme, two sets of lamp beads emit two different wavelengths of excitation light, which can be used to detect two fluorescent substances. The introduction optical fiber guides the excitation light into the second darkroom, exciting the fluorescent substance in the test tube in the second darkroom, causing it to produce a fluorescent signal, that is, the fluorescent substance emits fluorescent light. If the excitation light can be filtered by the second filter, only the emission light passes through the second filter and is introduced into the first darkroom via the guide optical fiber. Then, it passes through the first filter to determine whether the emission light is detected by the first detection unit or the second detection unit. If the excitation light cannot be filtered by the second filter, the excitation light and emission light are introduced into the first darkroom together through the guide optical fiber. The first filter then separates the excitation light and emission light, and finally determines whether the emission light is detected by the first detection unit or the second detection unit. The first filter and the second filter are selected according to the different fluorescent substances.

[0029] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention has significant technical effects: when the machine cover is opened, the resistance from the machine cover on the drive rod disappears, the sealing block and the driving rod elastic seal rise and reset, thereby realizing the inflation of the sliding groove and the exhaust of the telescopic groove, the sliding groove first returns to normal pressure, the elastic seal of the insulation clamping block partially extends to clamp the test tube, and then the telescopic groove returns to normal pressure, the heating contact block seal retracts and separates from the test tube, and the air inlet channel is exposed after the heating contact block retracts, so that the wind from the fan enters between the reaction tank and the test tube, ensuring that the test tube is separated from the heating source and no longer in contact, while driving the wind to flow quickly outside the test tube, which can quickly reduce the temperature of the test tube. Since only the temperature of the test tube needs to be reduced, the cooling time can be greatly shortened. At the same time, since the cooling time is shortened, the temperature drop on the low-temperature plate and the high-temperature plate is small, so that the heating time of both is shortened when used again, and the energy consumption is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device in an embodiment with its cover opened;

[0031] Figure 2 is a top view of a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device in an embodiment with its cover opened;

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The sectional view at AA in the figure;

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in FIG.

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the figure;

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 The enlarged view of point D in the figure;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a partial enlarged view of a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device in an embodiment when the cover is closed;

[0037] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point E in the figure;

[0038] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 The enlarged view of point F in the figure;

[0039] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device in an embodiment;

[0040] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 The enlarged view of G in the figure;

[0041] Figure 12 The invention relates to a split detection module in a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 13 The invention relates to a split detection module in a portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device. Figure 2 .

[0043] The parts designated by the numbers in the above figures are as follows: 1. housing; 2. cover; 3. cryopanel; 301. first metal plate; 302. first heating wire; 303. first temperature sensor; 4. high-temperature plate; 401. second metal plate; 402. second heating wire; 403. second temperature sensor; 5. reaction tank; 6. test tube; 7. heating contact block; 8. expansion slot; 9. second tension spring; 10. second air duct; 11. thermal insulation clamp; 12. sliding slot; 13. third spring; 14. first air duct; 15 , fixing block; 16, air storage space; 1601, first space; 1602, second space; 17, sealing block; 18, first spring; 19, driving rod; 20, first avoidance groove; 21, second avoidance groove; 22, fan; 23, air inlet duct; 24, lamp bead; 25, introduction optical fiber; 26, introduction shading member; 27, first darkroom; 28, first optical filter; 29, first detection part; 30, second detection part; 31, derivation optical fiber; 32, derivation shading member; 33, second optical filter; 34, second darkroom. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] Example

[0046] A portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device, referring to Figures 1 to 13 The device comprises a housing 1 and a cover 2 hingedly mounted on the housing 1, which can open or close the housing 1. A battery is detachably connected to the housing 1. The battery and the connection between the battery and the housing 1 are conventional and will not be described in detail here. An amplification module and a detection module are disposed within the housing 1.

[0047] The amplification module includes a low-temperature plate 3 and a high-temperature plate 4 arranged in the casing 1. The low-temperature plate 3 is arranged above the high-temperature plate 4, and there is a thermal insulation component between the two. The thermal insulation component is a prior art and this solution does not improve it. Therefore, it is not shown in the figure and will not be described here.

[0048] The cryopanel 3 includes a first metal plate 301, on which a first heating wire 302 and a first temperature sensor 303 are mounted. The high-temperature plate 4 includes a second metal plate 401, on which a second heating wire 402 and a second temperature sensor 403 are mounted. A control module is housed within the housing 1 and is electrically connected to the first heating wire 302, the first temperature sensor 303, the second heating wire 402, and the second temperature sensor 403. The control module is used to maintain a constant temperature of approximately 60°C for the first metal plate 301 and approximately 95°C for the second metal plate 401. The high-temperature plate 4 at approximately 95°C and the low-temperature plate 3 at approximately 60°C enable thermal convection of the liquid within the test tube 6, enabling multiple cycles of nucleic acid amplification. The control module, as well as the connections between the first heating wire 302, the first temperature sensor 303, the second heating wire 402, the second temperature sensor 403, and the control module, as well as the control procedures and methods, are all conventional and will not be elaborated upon here. The first metal plate 301 and the second metal plate 401 are made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity. In this embodiment, the metal material with good thermal conductivity may be aluminum.

[0049] The first metal plate 301 and the second metal plate 401 are provided with reaction grooves 5 for plugging into the test tube 6 . In this embodiment, the reaction groove 5 on the first metal plate 301 is a through groove, and the reaction groove 5 on the second metal plate 401 is a blind groove with an opening upward.

[0050] The inner ring wall of the reaction tank 5 of the first metal plate 301 and the second metal plate 401 is recessed with a telescopic groove 8, and the inner bottom of the reaction tank 5 of the second metal plate 401 is also recessed with a telescopic groove 8. A temperature-raising contact 7 is provided in the telescopic groove 8 for sealing and telescoping. The temperature-raising contact 7 is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity. In this embodiment, the same material as that of the first metal plate 301 and the second metal plate 401 is used. Since the temperature-raising contact 7 fits in contact with the inner wall of the telescopic groove 8, heat conduction can be carried out quickly. A second tension spring 9 is provided between the temperature-raising contact 7 and the telescopic groove 8 along the telescopic direction of the temperature-raising contact 7. The two ends of the second tension spring 9 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic groove 8 and the side of the temperature-raising contact 7 away from the test tube 6, respectively. When the second tension spring 9 is in the initial state, the temperature-raising contact 7 contracts and is accommodated in the telescopic groove 8.

[0051] The inner ring wall of the reaction tank 5 of the first metal plate 301 is also recessed with a sliding groove 12, which is arranged above the telescopic groove 8. A heat-insulating clamp 11 is sealed and telescopically arranged in the sliding groove 12. The heat-insulating clamp 11 is made of a material with poor thermal conductivity. In this embodiment, the material with poor thermal conductivity is rubber, which greatly reduces the heat transferred to the test tube 6. A third spring 13 is arranged between the heat-insulating clamp 11 and the sliding groove 12 along the telescopic direction of the heat-insulating clamp 11. The two ends of the third spring 13 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding groove 12 and the side of the heat-insulating clamp 11 away from the test tube 6. When the third spring 13 is in the initial state, the heat-insulating clamp 11 partially extends out of the sliding groove 12. In this embodiment, two groups of sliding grooves 12, heat-insulating clamps 11 and third springs 13 are evenly spaced around the circumference of the test tube 6.

[0052] A fixed block 15 is vertically fixed within the housing 1. A hollow portion of the fixed block 15 defines an air storage space 16. A sealing block 17 is disposed within the air storage space 16, dividing the air storage space 16 into an upper portion, a first space 1601, and a lower portion, a second space 1602. First space 1601 is in sealed communication with the sliding groove 12 via a first air passage 14, while second space 1602 is in sealed communication with the telescopic groove 8 via a second air passage 10. The inner diameter of the first air passage 14 is much larger than that of the second air passage 10, resulting in a much faster inflation and deflation of air within the sliding groove 12 than within the telescopic groove 8. A first spring 18 is provided in the second space 1602 along the lifting direction of the sealing block 17. The two ends of the first spring 18 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second space 1602 and the side of the sealing block 17 near the bottom of the second space 1602, respectively. When the first spring 18 is in its initial state, the first space 1601, the second space 1602, the telescopic slot 8, and the sliding slot 12 are in a normal pressure state. A drive rod 19 is provided on the side of the sealing block 17 away from the first spring 18, extending upward. The end of the drive rod 19 away from the sealing block 17 seals and passes through the fixed block 15 and the housing 1 and is located outside the housing 1. The end of the drive rod 19 away from the sealing block 17 is in the shape of a convex spherical surface. The fixed block 15 is provided with a first avoidance groove 20 for the drive rod 19 to pass through and move in a sealed manner. The housing 1 is provided with a second avoidance groove 21 for the drive rod 19 to pass through and move.

[0053] Housing 1 includes a fan 22, a chamber for fan 22 to rotate, and a motor that drives fan 22. The motor is electrically connected to a control module. The connection and drive methods for the motor, the motor, and the fan 22, as well as the connection and control methods for the motor and the control module, are conventional and will not be described in detail here. The motor is also not shown in the figures. In this embodiment, housing 1 includes an air outlet that blows air horizontally toward the upper end of test tube 6. Housing 1 also includes an air inlet for supplying air to the chamber containing fan 22.

[0054] An air inlet channel is provided on the inner wall of the expansion slot 8, near the test tube 6, for the air blown by the fan 22 to flow into the reaction tank 5 and the test tube 6. The air inlet channel includes an air inlet duct 23 provided within the first metal plate 301 and the second metal plate 401, and a connecting pipe provided within the housing 1, one end of which faces the air outlet of the fan 22 and the other end of which communicates with the air inlet duct 23. The connecting pipe can be made of a common rubber hose and is not shown in the figure and will not be described in detail here. When the heating contact block 7 is sealed and retracted, the air inlet duct 23 is exposed. When the heating contact block 7 is partially extended, the air inlet duct 23 is sealed and blocked.

[0055] The detection module includes a light source component that emits excitation light, an introduction component that transmits the excitation light to the test tube 6 to excite the fluorescent substance in the sample to produce emission light, a detection component that receives and detects the emission light, and an output component that transmits the emission light from the test tube 6 to the detection component.

[0056] The light source assembly includes four lamp beads 24. Two identical lamp beads 24 form a group, i.e., there are two groups of lamp beads 24. The two groups of lamp beads 24 emit excitation light of different wavelengths. In this embodiment, one group of lamp beads 24 emits excitation light with a wavelength of approximately 495 nm, which is used to detect the FAM fluorescent substance. After excitation, the FAM fluorescent substance emits light with a wavelength of approximately 520 nm. The other group of lamp beads 24 emits excitation light with a wavelength of approximately 649 nm, which is used to detect the CY5 fluorescent substance. After excitation, the CY5 fluorescent substance emits light with a wavelength of approximately 670 nm.

[0057] The inlet assembly includes two inlet optical fibers 25, each corresponding to a set of lamp beads 24. The inlet optical fibers 25 are coated with an inlet light shield 26. The outlet assembly includes an outlet optical fiber 31 and a second optical filter 33 positioned on the side of the outlet optical fiber 31 closest to the test tube 6. The outlet optical fiber 31 is coated with an outlet light shield 32. The opposing sides of the inlet light shield 26 and the outlet light shield 32 interlock to form a second dark chamber 34 around the test tube 6. The second optical filter 33 intercepts light with wavelengths below 500 nm.

[0058] The detection assembly includes a first darkroom 27 disposed within the housing 1. A first filter 28 is obliquely disposed within the first darkroom 27. The first filter 28 divides the first darkroom 27 into an upper and lower portion. A first detection portion 29 is disposed on the side wall of the first darkroom 27 facing the test tube 6, located above the first filter 28. A second detection portion 30 is disposed on the inner bottom wall of the first darkroom 27, located below the first filter 28. In this embodiment, both the first detection portion 29 and the second detection portion 30 are photosensitive CMOS components. The cutoff wavelength of the first filter 28 is 650 nm. That is, when light is transmitted from the output optical fiber 31 into the first darkroom 27 and irradiated onto the first filter 28, light with a wavelength greater than 650 nm can pass through and irradiate the CMOS chip of the first detection portion 29, and the intensity of the light can be read. When the wavelength of light is less than 650 nm, it can irradiate the CMOS chip of the second detection portion 30, and the intensity of the light can be read. A Bluetooth component is also provided in the housing 1, which can transmit the results to the mobile phone. The photosensitive CMOS component, the Bluetooth component, and the connection and transmission method between the Bluetooth component, the photosensitive CMOS component and the mobile phone are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0059] When replacing the test tube 6, the cover 2 is opened, and the driving rod 19 and the sealing block 17 rise under the action of the first spring 18, squeezing the air in the first space 1601 into the sliding groove 12, and the air in the telescopic groove 8 is drawn into the second space 1602. Since the inner diameter of the first air channel 14 is much larger than the inner diameter of the second air channel 10, the sliding groove 12 first returns to normal pressure, and the heat-insulating clamp 11 partially extends to clamp the test tube 6 under the action of the third spring 13, and then the telescopic groove 8 slowly returns to normal pressure, and the heating contact block 7 is in the Under the action of the second tension spring 9, it retracts and separates from the test tube 6, exposing the air inlet duct 23, allowing the wind from the fan 22 to enter between the reaction tank 5 and the test tube 6, ensuring that the test tube 6 is separated from the heating source and no longer in contact with it. At the same time, it drives the wind to flow quickly outside the test tube 6, which can quickly reduce the temperature of the test tube 6. Since only the temperature of the test tube 6 needs to be reduced, the cooling time can be greatly shortened. At the same time, due to the shortened cooling time, the temperature drop on the low temperature plate 3 and the high temperature plate 4 is small, so that the heating time of both is shortened when they are used again, and energy consumption is reduced.

[0060] After the test tube 6 is lowered to a safe temperature, the operator overcomes the elastic clamping force of the insulation clamp 11, removes the old test tube 6 and installs the new test tube 6 into the reaction tank 5, closes the machine cover 2, and the machine cover 2 drives the driving rod 19 and the sealing block 17 to descend, and the air in the sliding groove 12 is sucked into the first space 1601, and the air in the second space 1602 is squeezed into the telescopic groove 8. A negative pressure is first generated in the sliding groove 12, driving the insulation clamp 11 to elastically retract and separate from the test tube 6. Under the action of gravity, the test tube 6 automatically falls and adjusts its position to fit the bottom of the reaction tank 5 of the second metal plate 401. Then, a positive pressure is slowly generated in the telescopic groove 8, driving the heating contact block 7 to partially extend and abut against the test tube 6, quickly transferring the heat on the first metal plate 301 or the second metal plate 401 to the test tube 6, and sealing and blocking the air inlet duct 23. Under the action of the low temperature plate 3 and the high temperature plate 4, the liquid in the test tube 6 realizes thermal convection movement, and nucleic acid amplification is achieved through multiple cycles.

[0061] After nucleic acid amplification, depending on the added fluorescent substance, the corresponding wavelength of the lamp bead 24 is turned on. When the fluorescent substance is FAM, the lamp bead 24 emits excitation light with a wavelength of approximately 495nm. This light is transmitted through the induction optical fiber 25 to the second dark chamber 34, exciting the fluorescent substance in the test tube 6 to produce emission light with a wavelength of approximately 520nm. The second filter 33 filters the excitation light, leaving only the emission light that passes through the second filter 33 and is then guided through the outlet optical fiber 31 into the first dark chamber 27. The emission light then passes through the first filter 28 to be detected by the second detection unit 30. When the fluorescent substance is CY5, the lamp bead 24 emits an excitation light with a wavelength of about 649nm, which is transmitted to the second dark chamber 34 through the inlet optical fiber 25, exciting the fluorescent substance in the test tube 6 to produce emission light with a wavelength of about 670nm. The second filter 33 cannot filter the excitation light, so the excitation light and the emission light pass through the second filter 33 and are introduced into the first dark chamber 27 through the outlet optical fiber 31, and then filtered by the first filter 28 to determine that the emission light is detected by the first detection unit 29.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions based on the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications that do not depart from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device, comprising a housing (1), a cover (2) capable of opening or closing the housing (1), and an amplification module and a detection module disposed within the housing (1), the amplification module comprising a low-temperature plate (3) and a high-temperature plate (4) disposed sequentially from top to bottom within the housing (1), and a reaction tank (5) disposed on the low-temperature plate (3) and the high-temperature plate (4) and connected to a test tube (6), characterized in that: The expansion module also includes: The heating contact block (7) is elastically and retractably arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank (5), and when partially extended, contacts the test tube (6) to transfer the temperature on the low temperature plate (3) or the high temperature plate (4) to the test tube (6); when retracted, it is separated from the test tube (6); A heat-insulating clamp (11) is elastically and telescopically arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank (5) and is evenly spaced around the test tube (6). When partially extended, it clamps the test tube (6); when retracted, it is separated from the test tube (6); The control structure is arranged in the housing (1). When the cover (2) is opened, the control structure first causes the heat-insulating clamp (11) to partially extend to clamp the test tube (6), and then causes the heating contact (7) to retract and separate from the test tube (6); when the cover (2) is closed, the control structure first causes the heat-insulating clamp (11) to retract to release the clamp on the test tube (6), and then causes the heating contact (7) to partially extend and abut against the outer ring wall of the test tube (6). The heat dissipation component comprises a fan (22) arranged in a housing (1) and a guide structure for guiding the air blown out by the fan (22) into a reaction tank (5); the opening and closing of the guide structure is controlled by the retraction or partial extension of the heating contact block (7).

2. A portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control structure includes a telescopic groove (8) recessed in the inner wall of the reaction tank (5) for sealing and elastic movement of the heating contact (7) and a sliding groove (12) for sealing and elastic movement of the heat insulating clamp (11). The housing (1) is provided with a driving structure for extracting air from the sliding groove (12) when the cover (2) is closed to drive the heat insulating clamp (11) to retract and injecting air into the telescopic groove (8) to drive the heating contact (7) to partially extend. When the cover (2) is opened, the driving structure extracts air from the telescopic groove (8) to drive the heating contact (7) to retract and injects air into the sliding groove (12) to drive the heat insulating clamp (11) to partially extend. The speed of air filling and releasing in the sliding groove (12) is much greater than the speed of air filling and releasing in the telescopic groove (8).

3. A portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving structure includes a fixed block (15) provided in the housing (1) and a gas storage space (16) formed hollow in the fixed block (15). The gas storage space (16) is elastically sealed and lifted. A sealing block (17) is provided to separate the gas storage space (16) into a first space (1601) communicating with the sliding groove (12) and a second space (1602) communicating with the telescopic groove (8). When the sealing block (17) rises, the gas in the first space (1601) is pressed into the sliding groove (12). The air in the telescopic groove (8) is drawn into the second space (1602); when the sealing block (17) descends, the gas in the second space (1602) is pressed into the telescopic groove (8) and the air in the sliding groove (12) is drawn into the first space (1601). The sealing block (17) is provided with a driving rod (19) extending upward from one side close to the machine cover (2), one end of which is sealed and passes through the machine housing (1) and is located outside the machine housing (1). The raising and lowering of the driving rod (19) is controlled by the opening and closing of the machine cover (2).

4. A portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first air duct (14) for sealingly connecting the first space (1601) to the sliding groove (12) and a second air duct (10) for sealingly connecting the second space (1602) to the telescopic groove (8) are provided in the housing (1). The inner diameter of the first air duct (14) is much larger than the inner diameter of the second air duct (10).

5. The portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the driving rod (19) away from the sealing block (17) is in a convex spherical shape.

6. The portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guiding structure includes a fan (22) provided on the inner wall of the telescopic slot (8) for blowing air into an air inlet channel between the reaction tank (5) and the test tube (6); the heating contact block (7) is sealed to expose the air inlet channel when it is retracted and is sealed to block the air inlet channel when it is partially extended.

7. The portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first spring (18) is provided between the sealing block (17) and the air storage space (16) for driving the sealing block (17) to rise when the cover (2) is opened; a second tension spring (9) is provided between the heating contact block (7) and the telescopic slot (8) for driving the heating contact block (7) to retract under normal conditions to expose the air inlet channel; and a third spring (13) is provided between the heat insulating clamp block (11) and the sliding slot (12) for driving the heat insulating clamp block (11) to partially extend under normal conditions.

8. The portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module comprises a light source component for emitting excitation light, an introduction component for transmitting the excitation light to a test tube (6) to excite fluorescent substances in a sample to generate emission light, a detection component for receiving and detecting the emission light, and an output component for transmitting the emission light from the test tube (6) to the detection component.

9. The portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The light source assembly includes two groups of lamp beads (24) and the two groups of lamp beads (24) emit excitation light of different wavelengths. The introduction assembly includes two introduction optical fibers (25) and each introduction optical fiber (25) corresponds to a group of lamp beads (24). The export assembly includes an export optical fiber (31) and a second filter (33) for filtering the excitation light, which is arranged on a side of the export optical fiber (31) close to the test tube (6). The detection assembly includes a first dark chamber (27) arranged in a housing (1), a first filter (28) arranged obliquely in the first dark chamber (27) to divide the first dark chamber (27) into upper and lower parts, a first detection part (29) arranged in the first dark chamber (27) above the first filter (28), and a second detection part (30) arranged in the first dark chamber (27) below the first filter (28).

10. The portable nucleic acid amplification and detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inlet optical fiber (25) is covered with an inlet light shielding member (26), and the outlet optical fiber (31) is covered with an outlet light shielding member (32). The opposite sides of the inlet light shielding member (26) and the outlet light shielding member (32) are mutually embraced in the circumferential direction of the test tube (6) to form a second dark chamber (34).

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