Mountain high and steep wound sponge soil flooding flow stagnation close-to-nature ecological restoration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a flood-jet-flow-stagnation near-natural ecological restoration method for mountain high and steep wound sponge soil. The method comprises the processes of treating a slope surface and preparing a spray-seeding matrix to be sprayed and seeded to a to-be-restored slope surface to form porous sponge soil and a spray-seeding sublayer, wherein a sponge soil forming agent comprises 20-50 parts of an organic polymer material; 20-40 parts of a foaming agent; 10 to 30 parts of a cross-linking agent; 10 to 50 parts of a toughening agent; 10 to 30 parts of a pH regulator; 0.5 to 2 parts of a surfactant; adding a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, a toughening agent, soil or a soil matrix material and water into a spray-seeding machine, and stirring to form a uniform spray-seeding matrix material A; taking an organic polymer material, adding water, and stirring to obtain an aqueous dispersion B; adding a pH regulator and a surfactant material into the mixing equipment to prepare a spray seeding aqueous solution C; mixing and spray-seeding are carried out, the organic polymer material, a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, a flexibilizer, a pH regulator and a surfactant are subjected to spongy hydrophobic, cross-linking and foaming reactions, and spongy soil of a spongy three-dimensional network porous structure is generated; and spraying a seed sublayer after the sponge soil is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ecological restoration technology for steep mountain wounds, and in particular to a natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil and jet stasis. Background Art

[0002] Steep mountain surfaces refer to surfaces with slopes exceeding 70 degrees caused by excavation, disturbance, or landslides. Some of these surfaces are highly uneven, high, and steep, with slopes exceeding 70 degrees. Natural settlement has rendered the slopes largely stable, eliminating the need for mesh protection. Traditional methods of manual repair are difficult, especially for rock wounds, as the success rate is low. Mesh seeding and other repair methods are prohibitively expensive. Relying solely on natural restoration takes too long, resulting in soil erosion during the natural restoration process. Natural restoration takes a long time, ranging from decades to centuries. Traditional methods for repairing steep mountain surfaces primarily include engineering, plant-based, and combined measures. Engineering measures include latticework, anchor rods, and cable reinforcement, as well as mesh seeding. First, a lattice-shaped protective net is formed on the slope using wooden or steel columns at regular intervals to prevent the rock and soil from sliding outward due to gravity. Second, a sufficient number of anchor rods or cables are driven into the slope to prevent slippage of the rock and soil. (For rock slopes, a combination of mechanical and manual reinforcement is used.) Finally, the mesh is fixed to the slope, and seeds are sown manually by direct contact with the mesh. However, due to construction limitations, the technical requirements are high, the construction is difficult, and the cost is high. Moreover, the effectiveness of this method is difficult to guarantee. Although comprehensive measures can improve the stability and disaster resistance of the mountain to a certain extent, it is still difficult to completely prevent the impact of natural factors. For example, extreme natural disasters such as heavy rain, strong winds, and earthquakes can damage the repaired mountain, resulting in structural damage and plant death.

[0003] Ecological restoration and reforestation of damaged surfaces in open-pit mines and large-scale mountain projects are imperative. However, ecological restoration of high and steep mountain surfaces currently faces a lack of consensus on the concept, and numerous technical challenges remain. Addressing this challenge requires significant technological breakthroughs, as well as a renewed understanding and enhanced understanding of restoration concepts, both natural and artificial.

[0004] To this end, we have proposed the concept of "near-natural ecological restoration." Near-natural ecological restoration can be understood as using the natural restoration process and its final state as a blueprint, using specialized integrated technologies to treat wounds, minimizing the time required for natural restoration and achieving or approaching the final state within one to three years.

[0005] The concept of "near-natural ecological restoration" respects the natural existence state and biological diversity, does not make strict requirements on green coverage rate, and uses special comprehensive technical management of "learning from nature" to achieve "bare where bare is appropriate, green where green is appropriate, bare has an old feeling, and green is decoration", pursues harmony with the surrounding environment, and creates a beautiful natural look and feel in harmony. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to achieve "near-natural ecological restoration", the present invention proposes a near-natural ecological restoration method for steep wound surfaces of mountains using sponge soil flooding and stagnation, providing a new concept and implementation plan for natural ecological restoration.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: A natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stagnation, the construction process of which includes: Step 1) Clean the slope to be repaired and remove hazards; Step 2) Prepare the spraying matrix and spray it onto the slope to be repaired. It will naturally flow and adhere to the low-lying areas, pits, cracks in the rocks, and holes on the slope to form a porous sponge soil: 2.1) Prepare a sponge soil forming agent; the soil forming agent, in parts by weight, includes: Component a: 20-50 parts; the component a is a basic reaction material, using organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Cross-linking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; C component: The C component is composed as follows: pH regulator: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 2.2) Preparation of spraying matrix material A: According to the weight ratio, a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, and a toughening agent are added to the mixing tank of the sprayer. At the same time, 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and water are added to the mixing tank of the sprayer and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform spraying matrix material A. The amount of water used is greater than the amount of soil or soil matrix material used to dilute the slurry to be suitable for long-distance spraying. 2.3) Preparation of aqueous dispersion B: Take 20-50 parts by weight of an organic polymer material, add water and stir thoroughly to prepare an aqueous dispersion B; 2.4) Preparation of water solution C: According to the weight ratio, add the pH regulator and surfactant material into the mixing equipment, add water and mix to prepare the spraying aqueous solution C; 2.5) Mixed spraying: The spraying matrix material A prepared in step 2.2) and the aqueous dispersion B prepared in step 2.3) are pumped to the spray nozzle through a spraying pump and a high-pressure gear pump or a screw pump, respectively. The two liquids are fully mixed at the spray nozzle. The mixed slurry is sprayed onto the treated high and steep wound surface to be repaired, flows naturally and gradually fills the holes, pits, and cracks in the wound surface and adheres to the slope surface to be repaired; After the spraying matrix material A and the aqueous dispersion B have fully reacted, the spraying aqueous solution C prepared in step 2.4) is sprayed onto the matrix layer formed on the slope surface. The organic polymer material reacts with the foaming agent, cross-linking agent, toughening agent, pH adjuster, and surfactant to produce a sponge-like hydrophobic, cross-linking, and foaming reaction, forming a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure of sponge soil. The thickness of a single spray is 3-5 cm; According to the engineering design requirements, the above steps can be repeated 1-3 times to make the total thickness of matrix adhesion in the wound holes, pits and seams reach 10-15 cm; Step 3) After the ecological sponge soil is formed, spray the seed layer: Repeat step 2). In step 2.2), during the preparation of the spraying matrix material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungi and algae species suitable for local and surrounding growth and add them to the sprayer mixing tank. At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber. After thorough mixing, spray the mixture onto the surface of the ecological sponge soil to form a 1-2 cm thick plant seed layer. Step 4) After forming, cover with non-woven fabric or sunshade net to provide shade and moisture retention; Step 5) Post-maintenance.

[0008] In the aforementioned natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil spraying, in step 2.2), when preparing the spraying matrix material A, 1-40 parts of plant fiber are added as needed to increase soil viscosity.

[0009] The method for natural ecological restoration of steep mountain wounds by sponge soil flooding and stagnation includes the following initial slope treatment: clearing debris and loose stones from the slope to ensure slope stability, and the steep wounds are subjected to: 1. roughening treatment; 2. micro-pitting treatment; 3. hole-making treatment; 4. micro-topography treatment; 5. aging treatment of near-vertical surfaces or large convex exposed rocks to create micro-topography suitable for plant growth and an environment for cultivating low-level bacteria and algae; for relatively stable but bumpy slopes, a climbing machine is used to create suitable pits on the slope to facilitate the retention of sponge soil.

[0010] The sponge soil flooding and stagnant natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds uses a soil matrix material comprising 14-16% wood fiber, 14-16% decomposed corn cobs, 9-11% decomposed sheep manure, and the remainder being foreign soil; the fiber length of the wood fiber is 2-3 cm; and the decomposed corn cobs are obtained by fermenting corn cobs with a particle size of 2-5 mm.

[0011] The method for natural ecological restoration of steep mountain wounds using sponge soil by flooding and stagnating is characterized in that the imported soil contains 65-70% silt, 27.5-32.5% sand and less than 2.5% clay.

[0012] The sponge soil flooding and stagnant natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds uses organic polymer materials as the base reaction material, including sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, or anionic polyacrylamide, or a mixture of any two or three of these materials. The foaming agent is one or more of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate; the cross-linking agent is one or more of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or ferric chloride; and the toughening agent is water-based chloroprene latex.

[0013] The pH regulator uses one or more of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute acetic acid solution or dilute phosphoric acid solution; the surfactant uses small molecule surfactant sodium dodecylsulfonate, or large molecule surfactant polyethylene glycol.

[0014] The organic polymer material reacts with a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent and a pH regulator to generate a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure.

[0015] The aforementioned natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds with sponge soil flooding and stagnation, and the subsequent maintenance include: Water management: After spraying, water the soil in a timely manner according to weather conditions and soil moisture on the slope to keep the soil moist and provide suitable water conditions for the germination of grass seeds and other vegetation seeds; Vegetation monitoring: Regularly observe vegetation growth and reseed or take other remedial measures in areas with poor or missing vegetation; Slope protection: In the early stages of vegetation growth, necessary protective measures can be taken to prevent the slope from being damaged by rain erosion and other damage.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the invention: 1. This invention proposes a near-natural ecological restoration technology for steep mountain wounds, pioneering scientific and feasibility research on near-natural ecological restoration of steep mountain wounds, and has far-reaching significance. Using flood jet stagnation technology, near-natural ecological restoration of steep mountain wounds is achieved, "learning from nature," leaving bare where appropriate and green where appropriate, leaving bare to create a sense of antiquity while greening serves as a decorative touch, thus resolving the ecological restoration challenges faced by steep mountain wounds. This restoration technology, through simple flood jetting operations, reduces traces of human intervention, is close to nature, requires minimal human intervention, and approaches a natural restoration process, possessing broad application prospects and excellent ecological benefits.

[0017] 2. The sponge soil flood spraying and stagnation method for high and steep wounds on mountains of the present invention is close to a natural ecological restoration method with a simple construction method and easy implementation. The so-called flood spraying and stagnation refers to the use of flood spraying. "Flood" means extensively, and the entire slope is sprayed. This is different from the traditional full-slope coverage method that pursues 80%, 90% or even 100% coverage. Since some areas of the slope are relatively steep, the sprayed slurry is difficult to retain and will naturally flow to the relatively pits on the slope, or to the pits created on the slope by a climbing machine. Flow and stagnation: "flow" refers to the flow of the slurry, and "stagnation" means to stay. After flowing, the sprayed slurry will stay and accumulate in the pits of the slope. After the slurry stays in the pits, sponge soil is formed and piled up to form a sponge matrix with water-retaining and anti-scouring properties. In addition, grass and shrub seeds are added to the spraying material. After rain, the grass and shrub seeds can begin to grow with the help of the conditions provided by the sponge matrix.

[0018] 3. The sponge soil flooding and retention technology of the present invention is a natural ecological restoration method for steep wounds on mountains, and the construction cost is low. This flooding and retention technology is suitable for relatively stable slopes. Unlike traditional soil spraying, which requires slope protection procedures such as anchoring and hanging nets, this type of slope has good stability itself and does not require additional reinforcement operations. However, there are potholes and large undulations on the surface of the slope. This technology is suitable for slope repair scenarios with large areas. If traditional soil spraying is used for repair, the cost is too high. This technology effectively reduces construction costs, construction difficulty and construction requirements. For example, this type of slope situation is more common in historical mines in various places. If it relies entirely on natural repair, the process will be very slow because there is a lack of soil adhesion in potholes or exposed areas. This technology creates conditions for vegetation growth by artificially spraying soil, achieving efficient and economical slope repair. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a picture of an example of an application scenario of the sponge soil flooding and stagnant natural ecological restoration method according to Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the expected application effect of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical concept and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only intended to explain and illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of patent protection claimed by the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 The sponge soil flooding and stagnant natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 1) Clean the slope to be repaired and remove hazards; Step 2) Prepare the spraying matrix and spray it onto the slope to be repaired. It will naturally flow and adhere to the low-lying areas, pits, cracks in the rocks, and holes on the slope to form a porous sponge soil: 2.1) Prepare a sponge soil forming agent; the soil forming agent, in parts by weight, includes: Component a: 20-50 parts; the component a is a basic reaction material, using organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Cross-linking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; C component: The C component is composed as follows: pH regulator: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 2.2) Preparation of spraying matrix material A: According to the weight ratio, a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, and a toughening agent are added to the mixing tank of the sprayer. At the same time, 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and water are added to the mixing tank of the sprayer and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform spraying matrix material A. The amount of water used is greater than the amount of soil or soil matrix material used to dilute the slurry to be suitable for long-distance spraying. 2.3) Preparation of aqueous dispersion B: Take 20-50 parts by weight of an organic polymer material, add water and stir thoroughly to prepare an aqueous dispersion B; 2.4) Preparation of water solution C: According to the weight ratio, add the pH regulator and surfactant material into the mixing equipment, add water and mix to prepare the spraying aqueous solution C; 2.5) Mixed spraying: The spraying matrix material A prepared in step 2.2) and the aqueous dispersion B prepared in step 2.3) are pumped to the spray nozzle through a spraying pump and a high-pressure gear pump or a screw pump, respectively. The two liquids are fully mixed at the spray nozzle. The mixed slurry is sprayed onto the treated high and steep wound surface to be repaired, flows naturally and gradually fills the holes, pits, and cracks in the wound surface and adheres to the slope surface to be repaired; After the spraying matrix material A and the aqueous dispersion B have fully reacted, the spraying aqueous solution C prepared in step 2.4) is sprayed onto the matrix layer formed on the slope surface. The organic polymer material reacts with the foaming agent, cross-linking agent, toughening agent, pH adjuster, and surfactant to produce a sponge-like hydrophobic, cross-linking, and foaming reaction, forming a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure of sponge soil. Because it is widely sprayed / seeded, it flows and retains naturally (it reacts, solidifies and retains while being sprayed, hence the name "pan-spray retention"). Sponge soil adheres to low-lying areas such as potholes, rock cracks, and chiseled holes. Some soil will remain on protruding parts of slopes or smooth vertical walls, forming a natural ecological environment and promoting natural vegetation ecological restoration / repair. A single spraying operation can expand the retained soil thickness by 3-5 cm on low / flat slopes. Subsequently, according to the requirements of the engineering design, the above steps can be repeated 1-3 times to make the total thickness of the matrix adhesion in the wound holes, pits and seams reach 10-15 cm; Step 3) After the ecological sponge soil is formed, spray the seed layer: Repeat step 2). In step 2.2), during the preparation of the spraying matrix material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungi and algae species suitable for local and surrounding growth and add them to the sprayer mixing tank. At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber. After thorough mixing, spray the mixture onto the surface of the ecological sponge soil to form a 1-2 cm thick plant seed layer. Step 4) After forming, cover with non-woven fabric or sunshade net to provide shade and moisture retention; Step 5) Post-maintenance.

[0022] In step 2.2), when preparing the spraying matrix material A, 1-40 parts of plant fiber can be added as needed to increase the soil viscosity.

[0023] The initial treatment of the slope surface includes clearing away debris and loose stones to ensure the stability of the slope surface; and for steep wounds: ①, roughening treatment; ②, micro-pitting treatment; ③, hole-making treatment; ④, micro-topography treatment; ⑤, aging treatment of near-vertical surfaces or large convex exposed rocks to create micro-topography suitable for plant growth and an environment for the cultivation of low-level bacteria and algae; for relatively stable but bumpy slopes, use a climbing machine to create suitable pits on the slope surface to facilitate the retention of sponge soil.

[0024] The organic polymer material, which serves as the base reaction material, can be sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, or anionic polyacrylamide, or a mixture of any two or three of these materials. It reacts with a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and a pH adjuster to form a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure. The foaming agent is one or more of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate; the crosslinking agent is one or more of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or ferric chloride; and the toughening agent is water-based chloroprene latex.

[0025] Example 2 The sponge soil spraying and stagnant natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1 in that the sponge soil is formed by spraying, and the composition of the sponge soil forming agent, in parts by mass, includes: Organic polymer material: 30 parts; Foaming agent: 20 parts; Cross-linking agent: 10 parts; Toughening agent: 10 parts; pH regulator: 10 parts; Surfactant: 0.5 parts; Soil matrix material used: 200 parts.

[0026] The soil matrix material comprises 14-16% wood fiber, 14-16% decomposed corn cobs, 9-11% decomposed sheep manure, and the remainder is guest soil. The wood fiber has a fiber length of 2-3 cm. The decomposed corn cobs are fermented from corn cobs with a particle size of 2-5 mm. The guest soil contains 65-70% silt, 27.5-32.5% sand, and less than 2.5% clay.

[0027] Based on the specific conditions of the slope and the repair requirements, the above materials and water are added to a mixing device in a predetermined ratio and thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform mixing. The amount of water added is adjusted according to different viscosity requirements to obtain a mixed slurry. The mixed slurry is sprayed onto the treated steep wound surface and allowed to flow naturally until the holes, pits, and cracks are filled and formed. The method is the same as in Example 1.

[0028] The later maintenance process includes: water management: after spraying, watering should be carried out in time according to weather conditions and soil moisture on the slope to keep the soil moist and provide suitable moisture conditions for the germination of vegetation seeds such as grass seeds; vegetation monitoring: regularly observe the growth of vegetation, reseed areas with poor growth or missing vegetation or take other remedial measures; slope protection: in the early stages of vegetation growth, necessary protective measures can be taken to prevent the slope from being damaged by rain erosion and other damage.

[0029] Example 3 The sponge soil flooding and stagnant natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds in this embodiment is different from that in Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the sponge soil matrix layer is formed by spraying to form a sponge soil matrix layer that can absorb and retain water and is hydrophobic and erosion-resistant. The sponge soil forming agent used is composed of the following (by weight): Organic polymer material: 50 parts; Foaming agent: 20 parts; Cross-linking agent: 30 parts; Toughening agent: 20 parts; pH regulator: 20 parts; Surfactant: 2 parts; Use soil or soil-based material: 500 parts.

[0030] Traditional granular and sponge soil spraying methods bond the soil to the slope surface through an instantaneous hydrophobic reaction. However, this invention utilizes sponge soil flooding technology, which controls the setting time by 1-2 seconds longer than traditional methods (controlled by the amount of pH adjuster added). This allows the slurry to flow, allowing it to flow from high peaks into potholes and cracks, reacting as it flows. Because slopes often have steep areas, the sprayed ecological sponge soil naturally flows to relatively low potholes, effectively retaining the soil.

[0031] After this operation, the potholes are piled up into sponge soil. When most of the potholes on the entire slope are piled up into sponge soil, there are fewer potholes in high places, and the recovery rate is only required to reach 30-50%, which is close to the natural repair effect.

[0032] The sponge soil flooding and stagnation natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds of the present invention realizes the preparation and slope application of sponge soil through specific material formulation, precise proportion control and orderly construction steps, can effectively meet the engineering needs of slope restoration, etc., has good water retention and air permeability, and provides a suitable environment for vegetation growth.

[0033] Natural restoration cannot be done because there is no soil in the potholes. The technology of the present invention can form a long-term greening effect, and it is a decorative repair on a stable slope, which greatly reduces the cost. There is no need to hang nets and anchor rods. Only a climbing machine is needed to roughen the smooth surface. Natural potholes can be used in most places, and there is no need for excessive manual repair, which reduces the construction unit price and total cost. It is a near-natural restoration technology.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages: Natural restoration is often unable to be carried out effectively due to the lack of soil in potholes. However, this sponge soil flood spraying technology can overcome this problem and create a long-lasting and stable greening effect. In addition, this technology is used to perform decorative repairs on stable slopes, without the need for complex processes such as hanging nets and anchoring. Only in some particularly smooth areas is a climbing machine used for roughening. In most areas, the natural potholes on the slope can be directly used for spraying without excessive human intervention. This method greatly reduces the unit price and total cost of construction, and is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly near-natural restoration technology. It can effectively meet the needs of projects such as slope restoration, has good water retention and air permeability, and provides a suitable environment for vegetation growth.

[0035] Scientifically maintain the rocks according to the laws of plant development and growth. After one growth cycle, with minimal maintenance during the second dry period, the rocks will return to their natural state, creating a near-natural ecosystem: "bare where bare is appropriate, green where green is appropriate; bare for a sense of antiquity, green for embellishment." After two to three years, the bare rock surfaces will be colonized by fungi and algae, lending them a sense of antiquity. Holes, pits, and crevices suitable for the growth of grasses, shrubs, and trees will gradually be covered by vegetation, which will then spread outward, creating a near-natural ecological landscape. Figure 1 This is a picture of an example of an application scenario of the sponge soil flooding and stagnant natural ecological restoration method of the present invention. Figure 2 For the expected application effect.

[0036] The applicant also filed a patent application for sponge soil ecological restoration technology. The differences between the present invention's pan-jet lag natural ecological restoration technology and the sponge soil ecological restoration technology are as follows: Application scenarios: Sponge soil remediation technology is suitable for all types of slopes, including low slopes and steep slopes, and requires the assistance of hanging nets for comprehensive coverage and repair; the pan-jet lag near-natural ecological restoration technology is aimed at steep and sparsely populated areas, emphasizing the concept of near-natural restoration. Through pre-treatment such as climbing machines to create holes and slope improvement, it improves smooth slope conditions and creates a foundation for subsequent restoration.

[0037] Construction process: Sponge soil remediation technology uses direct spraying to cover the entire slope surface; the material sprayed by the flood jet flow stagnation technology is fluid and flows naturally to potholes, cracks in rocks and other parts to achieve local precise repair.

[0038] Solidification characteristics: The materials of sponge soil remediation technology react immediately after spraying, and can quickly form adhesion on smooth or elevated slopes to build a sponge soil structure; the materials of flood jet lag technology take a relatively long time to solidify and need to go through a flow positioning process before they are completely solidified.

[0039] Cost and effect: The construction cost of the pan-jet lag technology is relatively low. It does not pursue a high percentage of slope greening coverage, but focuses more on presenting a natural effect. It allows rocks to be exposed, allowing the slope to appear naturally staggered. The sponge soil remediation technology pursues full coverage and repair, and the corresponding construction cost is relatively high.

[0040] This invention is an upgraded solution for traditional remediation technology. It utilizes porous sponge soil technology, a nutrient-rich matrix with high adsorption, water absorption, and water retention properties, to repair steep and / or gentle slopes. The applicant has previously filed numerous patent applications for related technologies, the application technologies of which are also applicable to this invention and will not be detailed here.

Claims

1. A natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stagnation, characterized in that: The construction process includes: Step 1) Clean the slope to be repaired and remove hazards; Step 2) Prepare the spraying matrix and spray it onto the slope to be repaired. It will naturally flow and adhere to the low-lying areas, pits, cracks in the rocks, and holes on the slope to form a porous sponge soil: 2.1) Prepare a sponge soil forming agent; the soil forming agent, in parts by weight, includes: Component a: 20-50 parts; the component a is a basic reaction material, using organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Cross-linking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; C component: The C component is composed as follows: pH regulator: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 2.2) Preparation of spraying matrix material A: Add a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, and a toughening agent to the mixing tank of the sprayer according to the weight ratio. At the same time, add 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and water to the mixing tank of the sprayer and stir thoroughly to form a uniform spraying matrix material A. The amount of water used is greater than the amount of soil or soil matrix material used to dilute the slurry to be suitable for long-distance spraying. 2.3) Preparation of aqueous dispersion B: Take 20-50 parts by weight of an organic polymer material, add water and stir thoroughly to prepare an aqueous dispersion B; 2.4) Preparation of water solution C: Add the pH regulator and surfactant materials according to the weight ratio into the mixing equipment, add water and mix to prepare the spraying aqueous solution C; 2.5) Mixed spraying: The spraying matrix material A prepared in step 2.2) and the aqueous dispersion B prepared in step 2.3) are pumped to the spray nozzle via a spraying pump and a high-pressure gear pump or a screw pump, respectively. The two liquids are fully mixed at the spray nozzle. The mixed slurry is sprayed onto the treated high and steep wound surface to be repaired, flows naturally and gradually fills the holes, pits, and cracks in the wound surface and adheres to the slope surface to be repaired. After the spraying matrix material A and the aqueous dispersion B have fully reacted, the spraying aqueous solution C prepared in step 2.4) is sprayed onto the matrix layer formed on the slope surface. The organic polymer material reacts with the foaming agent, cross-linking agent, toughening agent, pH adjuster, and surfactant to produce a sponge-like hydrophobic, cross-linking, and foaming reaction, forming a "sponge-like" three-dimensional porous network structure of sponge soil. The thickness of a single spray is 3-5 cm; According to the engineering design requirements, the above steps can be repeated 1-3 times to make the total thickness of matrix adhesion in the wound holes, pits and seams reach 10-15 cm; Step 3) After the ecological sponge soil is formed, spray the seed layer: Repeat step 2). In step 2.2), during the preparation of the spraying matrix material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungi and algae species suitable for local and surrounding growth and add them to the sprayer mixing tank. At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber. After thorough mixing, spray the mixture onto the sponge soil surface to form a 1-2 cm thick layer of plant seeds. Step 4) After forming, cover with non-woven fabric or sunshade net to provide shade and moisture retention; Step 5) Post-maintenance.

2. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stagnation according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 2.2), when preparing the spraying matrix material A, 1-40 parts of plant fiber are added as needed to increase the soil viscosity.

3. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stagnation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The initial treatment of the slope surface includes clearing debris and loose rocks from the slope surface to ensure the stability of the slope surface; and for high and steep wound surfaces: ① Wool treatment; ②Micro-pitting treatment; ③ Hole creation treatment; ④Micro-topography processing; Nearly vertical surfaces or large convex exposed rocks are aged to create micro-topography suitable for plant growth and an environment for cultivating low-level bacteria and algae. For relatively stable but bumpy slopes, a climbing machine is used to create suitable potholes on the slope to facilitate the retention of sponge soil.

4. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stagnation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The soil matrix material used includes 14-16% of wood fiber, 14-16% of decomposed corn cobs, 9-11% of decomposed sheep manure, and the remainder is foreign soil; the fiber length of the wood fiber is 2-3cm; the decomposed corn cobs are obtained by fermenting corn cobs with a particle size of 2-5mm.

5. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stasis according to claim 4 is characterized by: The imported soil contains 65-70% silt, 27.5-32.5% sand and less than 2.5% clay.

6. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stasis according to claim 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that: The organic polymer material is used as a basic reaction material, and sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate or anionic polyacrylamide is used, or a mixture of any two or three of these materials.

7. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stasis according to claim 6 is characterized by: The foaming agent is one or more of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate; the cross-linking agent is one or more of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or ferric chloride; and the toughening agent is water-based chloroprene rubber latex.

8. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stasis according to claim 7 is characterized by: The pH regulator is one or more of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute acetic acid solution or dilute phosphoric acid solution; the surfactant is a small molecule surfactant sodium dodecylsulfonate, or a large molecule surfactant polyethylene glycol.

9. The natural ecological restoration method for steep mountain wounds using sponge soil flooding and stasis according to claim 1, 2, 5, 7 or 8, characterized in that: Post-maintenance includes: Water management: After spraying, water the soil in a timely manner according to weather conditions and soil moisture on the slope to keep the soil moist and provide suitable water conditions for the germination of grass seeds and other vegetation seeds; Vegetation monitoring: Regularly observe vegetation growth and reseed or take other remedial measures in areas with poor or missing vegetation; Slope protection: In the early stages of vegetation growth, necessary protective measures can be taken to prevent the slope from being damaged by rain erosion and other damage.

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