Bridge plug for oil and gas drilling

Abstract

The invention provides a bridge plug for petroleum and natural gas drilling, and relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploitation, the bridge plug comprises an expansion assembly, the expansion assembly is composed of a slip mechanism and a rubber sleeve mechanism, the slip mechanism is of a connecting rod type telescopic structure, the use angle of a positioning slip is guaranteed, meanwhile, a large-range adjusting space is provided, and the rubber sleeve mechanism is arranged on the expansion assembly; through specification parameters such as a sleeve hole and the like, a conical block with a proper outer diameter can be selected to be matched with a rubber sleeve for use, namely, the same expansion assembly can be adapted to plugging rubber sleeves with multiple specifications for construction and can be adapted to plugging in different environments, and the problem that the expansion degree of an existing bridge plug slip is limited, so that the expansion degree is limited under different construction conditions, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved is solved. The problems that a bridge plug matched with a hole needs to be selected for use, and meanwhile, due to the defects, a rubber sleeve also needs to be selected for use with a matched model are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and natural gas exploitation, in particular to a bridge plug for oil and natural gas drilling. Background Art

[0002] In oil and gas extraction, bridge plugs are key downhole tools, mainly used to isolate specific sections of the wellbore and realize operations such as stratified extraction and staged fracturing. Their working principle is based on mechanical or hydraulic sealing, and a seal is formed by closely fitting components such as rubber sleeves or slips with the inner wall of the casing. When the bridge plug is lowered into the target well section, under the action of external pressure or mechanical force, the rubber sleeve expands or the slips open and bites the casing wall, blocking the fluid channel in the wellbore, so that each well section forms an independent operating unit. In this way, during stratified extraction, specific oil layers can be mined in a targeted manner to avoid inter-layer interference. During staged fracturing, different reservoirs can be precisely fractured to improve oil and gas production, thereby optimizing the extraction process and improving extraction efficiency, which is of great significance to the efficient development and utilization of oil and gas resources.

[0003] In the field of oil and gas extraction, there are inherent limitations on the expansion of bridge plug slips. This means that when faced with complex and changeable downhole construction conditions, such as wellbore inner diameters of different sizes, different wellbore materials and pressure environments, it is often necessary to accurately match bridge plugs of specific specifications to ensure that they can be effectively sealed and achieve reliable sealing. Due to the problem of limited expansion of slips, the rubber cartridge, which is a key sealing component, must also be selected according to different working conditions. Suitable models must be selected to ensure sealing performance. However, this requirement for strict matching of bridge plug and rubber cartridge specifications greatly limits the versatility and interchangeability of bridge plugs in different construction scenarios. It not only increases the complexity of tool selection and preparation before construction, but also makes it difficult to flexibly respond to sudden changes in working conditions during actual operations, resulting in poor flexibility of the bridge plug during use and inability to fully meet diverse construction needs, with its practicality significantly affected. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a bridge plug for oil and gas drilling, which has an expansion component, wherein the cava mechanism can fit tightly with the inner wall of the casing to position the entire device, thereby avoiding displacement after the seal is set and causing the sealing effect to fail, and the plugging rubber cylinder can be deformed under pressure to seal the inside of the casing, thereby facilitating various construction uses. The cava mechanism adopts a connecting rod type telescopic structure, which not only ensures the use angle of the positioning cava, but also has a large range of adjustment space. According to the specification parameters such as the casing hole, a tapered block and rubber cylinder with a suitable outer diameter can be selected for use in combination, that is, the same expansion component can be adapted to plugging rubber cylinders of multiple specifications for construction use, and can be adapted for plugging use in different environments, with extremely high flexibility, adaptability and practicality.

[0005] The present invention provides a bridge plug for oil and gas drilling, specifically comprising: a central component and an expansion component; the expansion component is composed of a slip mechanism and a rubber cylinder mechanism;

[0006] The central component includes a central tube, a guide head and a connecting ring, the guide head is fixedly mounted on the head end of the central tube, and the connecting ring is plugged into the tail end of the central tube; the cava mechanism includes a pressure seat, a transfer seat and a cava module, the pressure seat is plugged into the outside of the central tube, and the transfer seat is plugged into the outside of the central tube; the rubber cylinder mechanism includes an extrusion module and a plugging rubber cylinder, the extrusion module consists of a plug-in seat and an extrusion block, the extrusion block is fixedly mounted on the side of the plug-in seat, and the plug-in seat is plugged into the outside of the central tube, and the plugging rubber cylinder is plugged into the outside of the central tube.

[0007] Furthermore, the cava module includes a positioning connecting rod, a driving connecting rod and a positioning cava. The two ends of the positioning connecting rod are respectively rotatably connected to the bottom of the positioning cava and the side of the transfer seat, and the two ends of the driving connecting rod are respectively rotatably connected to the bottom of the positioning cava and the side of the pressure seat.

[0008] Furthermore, the positioning connecting rods are provided with two mutually parallel ones.

[0009] Furthermore, the extrusion block is composed of four tapered blocks with gradually increasing outer diameters, and the outermost tapered block abuts against the side surface of the plugging rubber cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the slip mechanism and the extrusion module are provided with two groups, and the two groups of slip mechanisms and the extrusion modules are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the plugging rubber cylinder, and the transfer seat is in contact with the side of the plug seat, and a positioning clamp is provided on the outside of the positioning slip.

[0011] Furthermore, each group of the slip mechanisms is provided with eight groups of slip modules, and the eight groups of slip modules are arranged in a circular array outside the central tube.

[0012] Furthermore, a limiting block is inserted into the interior of the pressure seat of the slip mechanism near one end of the connecting ring, and a positioning top spring is provided on the top of the limiting block, and the two ends of the positioning top spring respectively rest against the top of the limiting block and the interior of the pressure seat.

[0013] Furthermore, a limiting tooth is provided at the bottom of the limiting block, and a limiting tooth groove is provided on the outside of the central tube. The cross-sectional shape of the limiting tooth and a single tooth groove of the limiting tooth groove are both right triangles, and the limiting tooth is inserted into the inside of the limiting tooth groove.

[0014] The present invention provides a bridge plug for oil and gas drilling, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. Accurate and stable positioning performance: The slip mechanism adopts a connecting rod telescopic structure, in which the movement of the positioning slips is supported by the parallelogram mechanism principle. Two parallel positioning links form a parallelogram, so that the positioning slips always remain parallel to the inner wall of the casing during the lifting and adjustment process, thereby maximizing the contact area between the two. Compared with traditional bridge plug slips, this design can effectively avoid positioning deviation caused by insufficient contact area, ensuring that the bridge plug can be accurately fixed even under complex working conditions underground, greatly improving the stability and reliability of positioning, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent oil and gas production operations.

[0016] 2. Efficient and orderly plugging process: The hydraulic components drive the connecting ring to move toward the guide head to realize the support, positioning and plugging functions of the bridge plug. In the initial stage of movement, since the positioning slips of the slip mechanism do not contact the inner wall of the sleeve, the movement resistance of the slip mechanism is small and is smaller than the deformation resistance of the plugging rubber cylinder. The distance between the pressure seat and the transfer seat becomes smaller, and the driving connecting rod lifts the positioning slip outward until it is in close contact with the inner wall of the sleeve to complete the initial positioning. Subsequently, as the connecting ring continues to move, the movement resistance of the slip mechanism increases, further enhancing the contact pressure between the positioning slips and the inner wall of the sleeve. At the same time, the two sets of slip mechanisms squeeze the plugging rubber cylinder through the plug-in seat and the extrusion block, causing it to deform, and finally realizing efficient sealing of the casing annular space. The whole process is logically clear and orderly, which greatly improves the operation convenience and plugging efficiency of the bridge plug.

[0017] 3. Reliable and stable fixing effect: The limiting block arranged inside the pressure seat of the cava mechanism near one end of the connecting ring cooperates with the limiting tooth groove outside the center tube, and the cross-sectional shape of the limiting tooth and the single tooth groove of the limiting tooth groove are both right-angled triangles. After the plugging operation is completed, the positioning spring pushes the limiting tooth to be inserted into the limiting tooth groove, and the clamping effect of the straight edges of the two is used to effectively limit the movement of the pressure seat toward the connecting ring, thereby ensuring that the plugging rubber cylinder is always in a sufficient extrusion state, maintaining effective sealing of the sleeve, and ensuring that the positioning pressure and position parameters of the positioning cava remain stable. When the pressure seat moves toward one end of the guide head, the limiting tooth with a right-angled triangle design and the straight edge of the limiting tooth groove can squeeze and avoid each other to avoid the blocking action of the device. While ensuring the fixing effect, the flexibility and stability of the device are further improved.

[0018] 4. Wide and flexible adaptability: The extrusion block consists of four tapered blocks with gradually increasing outer diameters. This unique design allows users to select tapered blocks of appropriate sizes according to actual needs and install plugging rubber cartridges of different specifications on the outside of the center tube, thereby being able to adapt to the plugging of sleeves and openings with different inner diameters and pressure environments. At the same time, the connecting rod telescopic structure of the slip mechanism has a large range of adjustment space and can also flexibly adapt to plugging rubber cartridges of various specifications, breaking the limitations of traditional bridge plugs in specification matching. Whether facing conventional mining scenarios or complex and special underground environments, the bridge plug can achieve efficient operation through flexible adjustment, significantly improving the versatility and application range of the device, and reducing construction costs and the complexity of tool selection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0020] The drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] In the attached figure:

[0022] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The present invention is shown Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A in the middle.

[0025] Figure 4 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the central component and the rubber cylinder mechanism after being disassembled.

[0026] Figure 5 The figure shows a schematic structural diagram of the disassembled slip mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 The figure shows the structural schematic diagram of the disassembled slip module of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 The present invention is shown Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the plug after the rubber cylinder is squeezed.

[0029] Figure 8 The present invention is shown Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B in the middle.

[0030] Figure 9 The diagram shows the internal structure of the plugging rubber cylinder of the present invention after replacement with different specifications.

[0031] Figure 10 The present invention is shown Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part C in the middle.

[0032] Reference Signs List

[0033] 1. Center assembly; 101. Center tube; 1011. Limiting tooth groove; 102. Guide head; 103. Connecting ring;

[0034] 2. Slip mechanism; 201. Pressure seat; 202. Transmission seat; 203. Limiting block; 2031. Positioning top spring; 2032. Limiting tooth; 204. Positioning connecting rod; 205. Driving connecting rod; 206. Positioning slip; 2061. Positioning snap ring;

[0035] 3. Rubber cylinder mechanism; 301. Connector; 302. Extrusion block; 303. Rubber cylinder plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 :Example 1:

[0037] The present invention proposes a bridge plug for oil and gas drilling, comprising: a central component 1 and an expansion component; the expansion component is composed of a slip mechanism 2 and a rubber cylinder mechanism 3;

[0038] The central component 1 includes a central tube 101, a guide head 102 and a connecting ring 103. The guide head 102 is fixedly mounted on the head end of the central tube 101, and the connecting ring 103 is plugged into the tail end of the central tube 101; the cava mechanism 2 includes a pressure seat 201, a transmission seat 202 and a cava module. The pressure seat 201 is plugged into the outside of the central tube 101, and the transmission seat 202 is plugged into the outside of the central tube 101; the rubber cylinder mechanism 3 includes an extrusion module and a plugging rubber cylinder 303. The extrusion module consists of a socket 301 and an extrusion block 302. The extrusion block 302 is fixedly mounted on the side of the socket 301, and the socket 301 is plugged into the outside of the central tube 101, and the plugging rubber cylinder 303 is plugged into the outside of the central tube 101.

[0039] Among them, the cava module includes a positioning link 204, a driving link 205 and a positioning cava 206. The two ends of the positioning link 204 are respectively rotatably connected to the bottom of the positioning cava 206 and the side of the transfer seat 202, and the two ends of the driving link 205 are respectively rotatably connected to the bottom of the positioning cava 206 and the side of the pressure seat 201. In use, after the central component 1 is lowered into the appropriate position inside the sleeve, the plugging of the sleeve can be achieved through the expansion component. The hydraulic component drives the connecting ring 103 to move toward the direction of the guide head 102. The connecting ring 103 can squeeze the cava mechanism 2 and the rubber cylinder mechanism 3 in turn, thereby achieving support. , positioning and plugging functions. At the initial stage of movement of the connecting ring 103, since the positioning cava 206 of the cava mechanism 2 does not abut against the inner wall of the sleeve, the movement resistance of the cava mechanism 2 is relatively small at this time, and the movement resistance of the cava mechanism 2 is less than the deformation resistance of the plugging rubber cylinder 303. Therefore, at this time, the distance between the pressure seat 201 and the transmission seat 202 of the two groups of cava mechanisms 2 will become smaller. During this process, the driving connecting rod 205 can lift the positioning cava 206 outward until the positioning cava 206 abuts against the inner wall of the sleeve, and the positioning retaining ring 2061 can be used to limit the entire device in two directions to prevent the device from moving inside the sleeve, and the positioning is stable and accurate.

[0040] Among them, the positioning links 204 are provided with two parallel to each other. During use, since the positioning links 204 are provided with two parallel arrangements, the two positioning links 204 form a parallelogram mechanism. The parallelogram mechanism is a type of planar four-bar linkage mechanism, and has a geometric structure in which opposite sides are parallel and equal. This enables the positioning cava 206 to always be parallel to the inner wall of the sleeve when the positioning cava 206 is raised and lowered, and the contact surface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the positioning cava 206 is always maximized, the positioning is stable, and the stability of the device is improved.

[0041] Among them, there are two groups of cava mechanisms 2 and extrusion modules, and the two groups of cava mechanisms 2 and extrusion modules are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the plugging rubber cylinder 303, and the transfer seat 202 is in contact with the side of the plug-in seat 301, and a positioning clamp ring 2061 is provided on the outside of the positioning cava 206. Each group of cava mechanisms 2 is provided with eight groups of cava modules, and the eight groups of cava modules are arranged in a ring array on the outside of the central tube 101. In use, when the positioning cava 206 is in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve, when the connecting ring 103 continues to move, the movement resistance of the cava mechanism 2 becomes larger, so that the connecting ring 103 can continue to increase the contact pressure between the positioning cava 206 and the inner wall of the sleeve when it continues to move. At the same time, the two groups of cava mechanisms 2 will also squeeze the plugging rubber cylinder 303 in the middle through the plug-in seat 301 and the extrusion block 302, so that the plugging rubber cylinder 303 will also deform to achieve the purpose of sealing the annular space of the casing, which is easy to operate.

[0042] Among them, the inner part of the pressure seat 201 of the cava mechanism 2 near one end of the connecting ring 103 is plugged with a limiting block 203, and the top of the limiting block 203 is provided with a positioning spring 2031, and the two ends of the positioning spring 2031 respectively press against the top of the limiting block 203 and the inner part of the pressure seat 201, and the bottom of the limiting block 203 is provided with a limiting tooth 2032, and the outer part of the center tube 101 is provided with a limiting tooth groove 1011. The cross-sectional shape of the limiting tooth 2032 and the limiting tooth groove 1011 are both right-angled triangles. The limiting tooth 2032 is plugged into the inner part of the limiting tooth groove 1011. In use, after the plugging operation is completed, under the action of the positioning spring 2031, the limiting tooth 2032 will be plugged into the limiting tooth groove 1011. The inside of the tooth groove 1011, under the action of the limiting latch 2032 and the straight edge of the limiting tooth groove 1011, the pressure seat 201 can never move toward the connecting ring 103, so that the plugging rubber cylinder 303 can always be sufficiently squeezed into the inside of the plugging sleeve, and the positioning pressure, position and other parameters of the positioning cava 206 will not change, and it is stable to use. Since the tooth grooves of the limiting latch 2032 and the limiting tooth groove 1011 are both designed as right-angled triangles, when the pressure seat 201 moves toward one end of the guide head 102, the limiting latch 2032 and the straight edge of the limiting tooth groove 1011 can squeeze and avoid each other, and the sealing action of the device will not be stuck, which further improves the flexibility and stability of the device.

[0043] Among them, the extrusion block 302 is composed of four conical blocks with gradually increasing outer diameters, and the outermost conical block abuts against the side of the plugging rubber cylinder 303. During use, the extrusion block 302 is composed of four conical blocks with gradually increasing outer diameters, so that by selecting conical blocks of appropriate sizes, plugging rubber cylinders 303 of different specifications can be installed on the outside of the central tube 101 for use, and can adapt to the plugging of sleeves and holes of different specifications. At the same time, the cava mechanism 2 adopts a connecting rod telescopic structure with a larger range of adjustment space, and can also adapt to the use of plugging rubber cylinders 303 of different specifications, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the device.

[0044] Specific usage and function of this embodiment: In the present invention, the extrusion block 302 is composed of four conical blocks with gradually increasing outer diameters, so that by selecting conical blocks of appropriate sizes, plugging rubber cylinders 303 of different specifications can be installed on the outside of the central tube 101, and can adapt to the plugging of sleeves and holes of different specifications. At the same time, the cava mechanism 2 adopts a connecting rod telescopic structure with a large range of adjustment space, which can also adapt to the use of plugging rubber cylinders 303 of different specifications. After the central component 1 is lowered into the appropriate position inside the sleeve, the plugging of the inside of the sleeve can be achieved through the expansion component, and the connecting ring 103 is driven by the hydraulic component to move in the direction of the guide head 102, and the connecting ring 103 can squeeze the cava mechanism 2 and the rubber cylinders in turn. The sleeve mechanism 3 realizes the functions of support, positioning and plugging. At the initial stage of movement of the connecting ring 103, since the positioning slips 206 of the slip mechanism 2 do not abut against the inner wall of the sleeve, the movement resistance of the slip mechanism 2 is small at this time, and the movement resistance of the slip mechanism 2 is less than the deformation resistance of the plugging rubber cylinder 303. Therefore, at this time, the distance between the pressure seat 201 and the transmission seat 202 of the two sets of slip mechanisms 2 will become smaller. In this process, the driving connecting rod 205 can lift the positioning slips 206 outward until the positioning slips 206 abut against the inner wall of the sleeve, and the positioning snap ring 2061 can be used to limit the entire device in two directions to prevent the device from moving inside the sleeve. Since the positioning connecting rod 204 is provided with two parallel arrangements, the two positioning connecting rods The rods 204 form a parallelogram mechanism, which is a type of planar four-bar linkage with a geometric structure having parallel and equal opposite sides. This ensures that the positioning slips 206 are always parallel to the inner wall of the sleeve when the positioning slips 206 are raised and lowered, and the contact surface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the positioning slips 206 is always maximized, ensuring stable positioning. When the positioning slips 206 contact the inner wall of the sleeve, the connecting ring 103 continues to move. Since the movement resistance of the slip mechanism 2 increases, the connecting ring 103 can continue to increase the contact pressure between the positioning slips 206 and the inner wall of the sleeve when it continues to move. At the same time, the two sets of slip mechanisms 2 will squeeze the plugging rubber cylinder 303 in the middle through the socket 301 and the extrusion block 302. When the locking cam 2031 is in the closed position, the locking cam 2032 is in the closed position, and the locking cam 2032 is in the closed position, so that the locking cam 2032 is pressed against the locking cam 2033.The limiting latch 2032 and the straight edge of the limiting tooth groove 1011 can squeeze and avoid each other, and will not block the blocking action of the device.

Claims

1. A bridge plug for oil and gas drilling, characterized in that: include: A central component (1) and an expansion component; the expansion component is composed of a slip mechanism (2) and a rubber cylinder mechanism (3); The central assembly (1) includes a central tube (101), a guide head (102) and a connecting ring (103), wherein the guide head (102) is fixedly mounted on the head end of the central tube (101), and the connecting ring (103) is plugged into the tail end of the central tube (101); the slip mechanism (2) includes a pressure seat (201), a transmission seat (202) and a slip module, wherein the pressure seat (201) is plugged into the outside of the central tube (101), and the transmission seat (202) is plugged into the tail end of the central tube (101). The transfer seat (202) is plugged into the outside of the central tube (101); the rubber tube mechanism (3) includes an extrusion module and a plugging rubber tube (303), wherein the extrusion module is composed of a plugging seat (301) and an extrusion block (302), wherein the extrusion block (302) is fixedly mounted on the side of the plugging seat (301), and the plugging seat (301) is plugged into the outside of the central tube (101), and the plugging rubber tube (303) is plugged into the outside of the central tube (101).

2. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slip module comprises a positioning link (204), a driving link (205) and a positioning slip (206), wherein the two ends of the positioning link (204) are respectively rotatably connected to the bottom of the positioning slip (206) and the side of the transfer seat (202), and the two ends of the driving link (205) are respectively rotatably connected to the bottom of the positioning slip (206) and the side of the pressure seat (201).

3. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning connecting rods (204) are provided with two mutually parallel ones.

4. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extrusion block (302) is composed of four tapered blocks with gradually increasing outer diameters, and the outermost tapered block abuts against the side of the plugging rubber cylinder (303).

5. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slip mechanism (2) and the extrusion module are provided in two groups, and the two groups of slip mechanisms (2) and the extrusion modules are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the plugging rubber cylinder (303), and the transfer seat (202) contacts the side of the plug seat (301), and a positioning snap ring (2061) is provided on the outside of the positioning slip (206).

6. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each group of the slip mechanisms (2) is provided with eight groups of slip modules, and the eight groups of slip modules are arranged in a circular array outside the central tube (101).

7. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that: A limiting block (203) is inserted into the interior of the pressure seat (201) of the slip mechanism (2) near one end of the connecting ring (103), and a positioning spring (2031) is provided on the top of the limiting block (203), with two ends of the positioning spring (2031) respectively resting against the top of the limiting block (203) and the interior of the pressure seat (201).

8. The bridge plug for oil and gas drilling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the limiting block (203) is provided with a limiting tooth (2032), and the outside of the central tube (101) is provided with a limiting tooth groove (1011), the cross-sectional shape of each tooth groove of the limiting tooth (2032) and the limiting tooth groove (1011) is a right triangle, and the limiting tooth (2032) is inserted into the inside of the limiting tooth groove (1011).

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