Tunnel waterproof drainage structure and construction technology
By adopting a combined structure such as cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer, precast concrete arches and water conduction corrugation in the tunnel, the problem of easy blockage and leakage of the tunnel drainage system is solved, and efficient waterproofing and drainage integration is achieved, simplifying the construction process and reducing costs and construction periods.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510910356.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing tunnel waterproof and drainage system is susceptible to human and natural factors that cause blind pipes to be blocked, and leaking water enters the inside of the tunnel, affecting lining and driving safety, and has a high project cost and a long construction period.
The combined structure of cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer, precast concrete arches, bentonite water stop strips and movable drainage tanks is adopted, combined with the water diversion pipe and grouting pipe, water conduction corrugation and high permeability basalt blocks are set up, and the surrounding rock pressure and the elastic resistance of the precast concrete arches are used to achieve waterproofing and drainage integration.
It improves the waterproofing and drainage quality of the tunnel, simplifies construction joints, reduces leakage and cracks, and reduces project costs and construction periods.
Smart Images
Figure CN120465978A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel and underground engineering waterproofing and drainage, and in particular relates to a tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure and a construction process. Background Art
[0002] Composite lining drainage systems are often used in tunnel and underground engineering waterproofing and drainage solutions. This system, due to the interlayer waterproofing layer and the seepage drainage system, prevents and blocks water leaks. During final acceptance, the primary cast-in-place concrete waterproofing layer often has nothing to block, making hidden leaks and seams in the layer difficult to detect, creating a potential risk of future leaks. Drainage is primarily addressed by two concealed blind drainage pipes. However, the installation of a drainage system throughout the entire length of the tunnel results in high project costs and a long construction period. This drainage-first, then-prevent-drainage system, with its blind drainage pipes located in the outer or interlayer layers, is susceptible to human factors (such as clogging of the blind pipes by construction mortar or slurry) or natural factors (clogging of the blind pipes by white foam precipitates produced by chemical reactions between groundwater and concrete, or clogging of the blind pipes by fine muddy particles in the stratum over time). This can lead to blind pipe blockage, allowing seepage water to flow into holes or cracks in the waterproofing sheeting of the interlayer waterproofing layer and seep into it. Water then seeps into the tunnel through construction joints, settlement joints, temperature cracks in waterproof concrete, and cracks caused by corrosion of steel bars. Tunnel cracks, leakage, frost heave, water accumulation, or ice formation not only affect the lining and driving safety, but also rust or short-circuit equipment in the humid environment, reducing its service life and affecting the tunnel's aesthetics. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a tunnel waterproof drainage structure and construction process to solve the above problems.
[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0005] A tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure, comprising: a cast-in-situ concrete main waterproofing layer, a waterproofing structure, and a drainage structure, wherein the waterproofing structure comprises precast concrete arch pieces and bentonite waterstop strips, wherein a plurality of the precast concrete arch pieces are sequentially spliced along a tunnel cross section and sequentially fixedly connected along the tunnel direction, and the bentonite waterstop strips are arranged in the connecting seams between the precast concrete arch pieces along the tunnel direction; a water diversion pipe and a grouting pipe are arranged on the precast concrete arch pieces below a concentrated water gushing and leakage point in soft surrounding rock; a cast-in-situ concrete main waterproofing layer is arranged between the soft surrounding rock and the precast concrete arch pieces; the drainage structure comprises a movable drainage trough and a drainage pipe, wherein the movable drainage trough is installed on a plurality of the precast concrete arch pieces throughout the tunnel cross section below a concentrated water gushing and leakage point in soft surrounding rock; the drainage pipe is arranged between the precast concrete arch piece and the movable drainage trough, wherein one end of the water diversion pipe is connected to the concentrated water gushing and leakage point in soft surrounding rock, and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe;
[0006] The lower ends of the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layers on both sides of the road surface are provided with side wall enlarged foundations, and vertical baffles are provided on the side wall enlarged foundations. The vertical baffles and the inner concave surface of the side wall enlarged foundations form longitudinal drainage ditches; the bottom ends of both sides of the drainage pipes are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditches;
[0007] The precast concrete arch piece is provided with a water-guiding corrugation on the side facing the cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer, and the main waterproof layer construction joint between the cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layers is located in the middle of the precast concrete arch piece; the water-guiding corrugation is used to guide the infiltrated water to both sides of the precast concrete arch piece.
[0008] Furthermore, the water-guiding corrugations are inclined downward from the middle of the precast concrete arch piece to both sides.
[0009] Furthermore, the waterproof structure also includes highly permeable basalt blocks, which are arranged between the precast concrete arch pieces along the tunnel direction and located on the side of the bentonite waterstop facing the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer.
[0010] Furthermore, the movable drainage trough is provided with a hook, the precast concrete arch piece is provided with a connecting bolt, the hook is connected to the connecting bolt, and the movable drainage trough is fixed under the precast concrete arch piece through the hook and the connecting bolt.
[0011] Furthermore, a concrete arch is provided between the side wall enlarged foundations on both sides.
[0012] Furthermore, a central drainage ditch is provided above the concrete inverted arch, a vertical drainage pipe is provided on the inner side of the vertical baffle, an overflow hole is provided between the vertical baffle and the road surface, the overflow hole is connected to the vertical drainage pipe, and the vertical drainage pipe is connected to the central drainage ditch.
[0013] Furthermore, a cover plate is provided at the top of the longitudinal drainage ditch, and leakage water inflow holes are provided between the cover plate and both sides of the road surface, and filtering grilles are provided in the leakage water inflow holes.
[0014] Furthermore, the precast concrete arch piece is provided with an arch piece main reinforcement connecting hook, and three circumferential force-bearing bars are fixed on the arch piece main reinforcement connecting hook; the inner concave surface of the precast concrete arch piece is provided with an anchoring and transporting bar hook, and the steel bars are fixedly connected to the arch piece main reinforcement connecting hook and the anchoring and transporting bar hook to form a single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh.
[0015] Furthermore, longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement bars are provided inside the precast concrete arch segments.
[0016] A tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure construction process comprises the following steps:
[0017] S1. Prefabricate concrete arch segments based on tunnel cross-sectional dimensions; embed water diversion pipes and grouting pipes at concentrated water inrush and leakage points in the soft surrounding rock.
[0018] S2. Precast concrete arch segments are installed in the tunnel. The precast concrete arch segments on the tunnel cross section are connected by hooks connecting the main reinforcement bars. The precast concrete arch segments are then installed sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. During construction, bentonite waterstops and highly permeable basalt blocks are placed between the precast concrete arch segments. Water diversion pipes and grouting pipes are passed through the precast concrete arch segments at locations where water seepage is concentrated in the soft surrounding rock.
[0019] S3. Use artificial pressure to pour self-compacting concrete between the soft surrounding rock and the precast concrete arch through the grouting pipe to create a cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer; and cast the bottom of the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer on both sides to form the side wall to expand the foundation;
[0020] S4. The drainage pipe is installed in the concave surface of the precast concrete arch below the concentrated water leakage point in the soft surrounding rock, and the water pipe is connected to the drainage pipe; then the movable drainage trough is installed in the precast concrete arch by hooks and connecting bolts;
[0021] S5. Cast a concrete arch between the cast-in-place concrete side walls and the expanded foundation at the bottom ends of both sides of the main waterproof layer;
[0022] S6. Concrete the pavement between the concrete inverted arch and the vertical retaining plates on both sides, and construct a central drainage ditch. During construction, pre-buried vertical drainage pipes and connecting pipes between the pre-buried vertical drainage pipes and the central drainage ditch will be installed.
[0023] S7. Install a cover plate above the longitudinal drainage ditch on both sides, and reserve multiple leakage water inflow holes between the cover plate and the road surface on both sides, and set a filter grille in the leakage water inflow hole;
[0024] S8. For areas with significant lining deformation, use arch segment main reinforcement hooks to cross-fix three circumferential reinforcement bars. Use steel bars fixed to the arch segment main reinforcement hooks and anchoring bar hooks to form a single-layer diamond-shaped reinforcement mesh to control cracks and leakage.
[0025] For areas where uneven settlement cracks have appeared, longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement bars are installed inside the drainage layer of the precast concrete arch to prevent further cracking and leakage after reinforcement.
[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0027] 1. A cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer is set between the soft surrounding rock and the precast concrete arch piece for primary waterproofing. The surrounding rock pressure and the elastic resistance of the precast concrete arch piece are used to increase the concrete density of the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer and improve the anti-seepage performance. A water diversion pipe and a grouting pipe are set on the precast concrete arch piece below the concentrated water inrush and leakage points in the soft surrounding rock. The water diversion pipe is connected to the drainage pipe, and the bottom ends of both sides of the drainage pipe are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch for primary drainage.
[0028] The construction joint between the main waterproof layer of cast-in-place concrete is located in the middle of the precast concrete arch. The side of the precast concrete arch facing the main waterproof layer of cast-in-place concrete is provided with a water-guiding corrugation, which slopes downward from the middle of the precast concrete arch to both sides. Highly permeable basalt blocks and bentonite waterstop strips are set between the precast concrete arches. Leakage water from scattered leakage points in the soft surrounding rock is guided through the water-guiding corrugations of the precast concrete arch to the joints of the precast concrete arches on both sides, and then guided downward through the highly permeable basalt blocks. The bentonite waterstop strips further prevent the seepage water from leaking from the joints of the precast concrete arches on both sides. This structure achieves the effect of integrated waterproofing and drainage, and further improves the quality of waterproofing and drainage in addition to the main waterproofing and drainage.
[0029] 2. A single layer of diamond-shaped steel mesh replaces the existing double-layer reinforcement structure to solve the problem of water seeping into the cracks around the corroded steel bars due to the thin protective layer of the waterproof concrete. Using prefabricated arch pieces instead of formwork can reduce the length of cast-in-place concrete to 1 to 3 meters at a time, thus avoiding shrinkage cracks caused by the hardening and shrinkage of the concrete. The construction joints of the arch piece layer and the construction joints of the main waterproof layer of cast-in-place concrete are all staggered, which not only simplifies the construction joints but also solves the problem of water leakage in the construction joints. Prefabricated arch pieces replace formwork to reduce deformation cracks caused by early demoulding;
[0030] 3. Expand the foundation and add longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement to reduce the occurrence of uneven settlement, control the development of cracks, and create conditions for eliminating leakage channels such as settlement joints, temperature joints, and deformation joints. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.
[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a tunnel cross-section structure of a tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure;
[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1Middle AA section view;
[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Middle BB cross-section;
[0035] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the drainage pipe and the movable drainage trough;
[0036] Figure 5 This is the back view of the precast concrete arch;
[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 CC cross-sectional view;
[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the precast concrete arch and the single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh;
[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement and the precast concrete arch segments;
[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structural relationship between the movable drainage trough, precast concrete arch, drainage pipe and longitudinal drainage ditch;
[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the movable drainage trough and the precast concrete arch;
[0042] Among them, in the figure:
[0043] 1-Concentrated water leakage point, 10-Soft surrounding rock, 20-Cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer, 21-Main waterproof layer construction joint, 31-Precast concrete arch, 311-Water diversion pipe, 312-Grouting pipe, 313-Water guide corrugation, 314-Connecting bolt, 315-Arch main reinforcement connection hook, 316-Circumferential force reinforcement, 317-Anchorage transport reinforcement hook, 318-Longitudinal post-tensioning prestressed reinforcement, 32-Bentonite stop Water strip, 33-high permeable basalt block, 41-movable drainage trough, 411-hook, 42-drainage pipe, 50-side wall expansion foundation, 51-vertical baffle, 511-vertical drainage pipe, 512-overflow hole, 60-longitudinal drainage ditch, 70-concrete anti-arch, 80-center drainage ditch, 90-cover plate, 91-seepage water inflow hole, 92-filter grille, 100-pavement, 110-single-layer diamond steel mesh. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0045] Example 1
[0046] Refer to the attached Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a tunnel waterproof drainage structure, comprising: a cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer 20, a waterproof structure and a drainage structure, wherein the waterproof structure comprises a precast concrete arch piece 31 and a bentonite water stop strip 32, wherein a plurality of precast concrete arch pieces 31 are sequentially spliced along the tunnel cross section and sequentially fixedly connected along the tunnel direction, and the bentonite water stop strip 32 is arranged in the connection seam between the precast concrete arch pieces 31 along the tunnel direction; a water diversion pipe 311 and a grouting pipe 312 are arranged on the precast concrete arch piece 31 below the concentrated water gushing and leakage point 1 of the soft surrounding rock 10; an in-situ concrete main waterproof layer 20 is arranged between the soft surrounding rock 10 and the precast concrete arch piece 31. The main waterproof layer 20 is poured with concrete for primary waterproofing. The concrete density of the main waterproof layer 20 is increased by utilizing the surrounding rock pressure and the elastic resistance of the precast concrete arch slabs 31, thereby improving the anti-seepage performance. The drainage structure includes a movable drainage trough 41 and a drainage pipe 42. The movable drainage trough 41 is installed on multiple precast concrete arch slabs 31 throughout the tunnel cross section below the concentrated water gushing and leakage point 1 in the soft surrounding rock 10. The drainage pipe 42 is arranged between the precast concrete arch slabs 31 and the movable drainage trough 41. One end of the water diversion pipe 311 is connected to the concentrated water gushing and leakage point 1 in the soft surrounding rock 10, and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe 42.
[0047] A side wall expansion foundation 50 is provided at the lower end of the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer 20 located on both sides of the road surface 100, and a vertical baffle 51 is provided on the side wall expansion foundation 50. The vertical baffle 51 and the inner concave surface of the side wall expansion foundation 50 form a longitudinal drainage ditch 60; the bottom ends of both sides of the drainage pipe 42 are connected with the longitudinal drainage ditch 60; the infiltration water at the concentrated water gushing and leakage point 1 in the soft surrounding rock 10 is connected through the water diversion pipe 311 and the drainage pipe 42, and the bottom ends of both sides of the drainage pipe 42 are connected with the longitudinal drainage ditch 60, so that the leakage water at the concentrated water gushing and leakage point 1 is discharged.
[0048] Water-guiding ripples 313 are provided on the side of the precast concrete arch 31 facing the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer 20. The main waterproof layer construction joint 21 between the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layers 20 is located in the middle of the precast concrete arch 31. The water-guiding ripples 313 are used to guide the infiltrated water toward the sides of the precast concrete arch 31. The water-guiding ripples 313 slope downward from the middle of the precast concrete arch 31 to both sides. The waterproof structure also includes highly permeable basalt blocks 33, which are arranged between the precast concrete arches 31 along the tunnel direction, on the side of the bentonite waterstop 32 facing the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer 20.
[0049] The leakage water from the scattered leakage points in the soft surrounding rock 10 is guided to the connection joints of the precast concrete arch pieces 31 on both sides through the water-guiding corrugations 313 of the precast concrete arch pieces 31, and then guided downward through the highly permeable basalt blocks 33. The bentonite water stop strips 32 further prevent the seepage water from leaking from the connection joints of the precast concrete arch pieces 31 on both sides. This structure achieves the effect of integrated waterproofing and drainage, and further improves the quality of waterproofing and drainage in addition to the main waterproofing and drainage.
[0050] The movable drainage trough 41 is provided with a hook 411, and the precast concrete arch piece 31 is provided with a connecting bolt 314. The hook 411 is connected to the connecting bolt 314, and the movable drainage trough 41 is fixed to the bottom of the precast concrete arch piece 31 through the hook 411 and the connecting bolt 314; by hanging the hook 411 of the movable drainage trough 41 on the connecting bolt 314, the installation of the movable drainage trough 41 is facilitated and the work efficiency is improved.
[0051] A concrete inverted arch 70 is provided between the expanded foundations 50 of the side walls on both sides, and a central drainage ditch 80 is provided above the concrete inverted arch 70. A vertical drainage pipe 511 is provided on the inner side of the vertical baffle 51. An overflow hole 512 is provided between the vertical baffle 51 and the road surface 100. The overflow hole 512 is connected to the vertical drainage pipe 511, and the vertical drainage pipe 511 is connected to the central drainage ditch 80. When the amount of water seepage at the concentrated water leakage point 1 is too large, the infiltrated water will be collected in the longitudinal drainage ditch 60. When the water level exceeds the overflow hole 512, the leaked water will flow through the vertical drainage pipe 511 to the central drainage ditch 80 for drainage.
[0052] A cover plate 90 is installed at the top of the longitudinal drain ditch 60. Seepage holes 91 are located between the cover plate 90 and both sides of the road surface 100. Filter grilles 92 are installed within these holes. These filters prevent debris from entering the road surface 100. Water accumulated on the road surface 100 flows through the seepage holes 91 into the longitudinal drain ditch 60, ensuring a water-free road surface.
[0053] The precast concrete arch 31 is provided with a main reinforcement connecting hook 315, to which three circumferential force-bearing bars 316 are fixed; the inner concave surface of the precast concrete arch 31 is provided with an anchoring and transporting bar hook 317, and the steel bars are fixedly connected to the main reinforcement connecting hook 315 and the anchoring and transporting bar hook 317 to form a single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh 110. The single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh 110 replaces the double-layer reinforcement structure of the prior art to solve the problem of water seeping through the cracks around the corroded steel bars due to the thin protective layer of the waterproof concrete. Using precast arches instead of formwork can reduce the length of cast-in-place concrete to 1 to 3 meters at a time, thereby avoiding shrinkage cracks caused by the hardening and shrinkage of the concrete. The construction joints between the precast concrete arches 31 and the construction joints 21 of the main waterproof layer are all staggered, which not only simplifies the construction joints but also solves the problem of water leakage through the construction joints. The precast arches replace the formwork, reducing deformation cracks caused by early formwork removal.
[0054] Longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement bars 318 are installed inside the precast concrete arch 31. By expanding the foundation and adding these bars, uneven settlement is reduced, crack development is controlled, and the elimination of deformation joints such as settlement joints and temperature joints creates conditions for leakage.
[0055] Example 2
[0056] A tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure construction process comprises the following steps:
[0057] S1 according to the cross-sectional size information of the tunnel, precast concrete arch 31; in the soft surrounding rock 10 concentrated water leakage point 1 pre-buried water pipe 311 and grouting pipe 312;
[0058] S2. The precast concrete arch 31 is installed in the tunnel. The precast concrete arch 31 on the tunnel section is connected by the main reinforcement connecting hook 315; then, along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the precast concrete arch 31 is installed sequentially; during the construction process, a bentonite water stop 32 and a highly permeable basalt block 33 are reserved between the precast concrete arch 31; in the soft surrounding rock 10, a concentrated water seepage point 1 is located, so that the water diversion pipe 311 and the grouting pipe 312 pass through the precast concrete arch 31;
[0059] S3 using artificial pressure through the grouting pipe 312 in the soft surrounding rock 10 and the precast concrete arch 31 between the self-compacting concrete, production of cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer 20; and cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer 20 on both sides of the bottom casting forming side walls to expand the foundation 50;
[0060] S4. The drain pipe 42 is installed in the concave surface of the precast concrete arch 31 below the soft surrounding rock 10 concentrated water leakage point 1, and the water pipe 311 is connected to the drain pipe 42; then the hook 411 and the connecting bolt 314 are installed in the precast concrete arch 31 active drainage trough 41;
[0061] S5. Cast in-situ concrete main waterproof layer 20 on both sides of the bottom of the side wall casting to expand the foundation 50 between the cast-in-place concrete arch 70;
[0062] S6 in the concrete arch 70 and the vertical baffles 51 on both sides of the pouring road surface 100, and the construction center drain 80; during the construction process embedded vertical drain pipe 511, and embedded vertical drain pipe 511 and the central drain 80 connecting pipe;
[0063] S7. Install the cover plate 90 above the longitudinal drain ditch 60 on both sides, and reserve a plurality of leakage water inflow holes 91 between the cover plate 90 and the road surface 100 on both sides, and set a filter grille 92 in the leakage water inflow hole 91;
[0064] S8. For areas with significant lining deformation, three circumferential reinforcement bars 316 are cross-fixed using the arch bar connecting hooks 315; steel bars are fixedly connected to the arch bar connecting hooks 315 and the anchoring and handling bar hooks 317 to form a single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh 110 to control cracks and leakage.
[0065] For areas where uneven settlement cracks have occurred, longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement bars 318 are provided inside the drainage layer of the precast concrete arch 31 to prevent further cracking and leakage after reinforcement.
[0066] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
[0067] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method description.
[0068] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A tunnel waterproof drainage structure, characterized in that: include: A cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer (20), a waterproof structure and a drainage structure, wherein the waterproof structure comprises a precast concrete arch piece (31) and a bentonite water stop strip (32), wherein a plurality of the precast concrete arch pieces (31) are sequentially spliced along a tunnel cross section and sequentially fixedly connected along the tunnel direction, and the bentonite water stop strip (32) is arranged in the connection seam between the precast concrete arch pieces (31) along the tunnel direction; a water diversion pipe (311) and a grouting pipe (312) are arranged on the precast concrete arch piece (31) below a concentrated water gushing and leakage point (1) of the soft surrounding rock (10); and a water diversion pipe (311) and a grouting pipe (312) are arranged between the soft surrounding rock (10) and the surrounding rock (10). A cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer (20) is provided between the precast concrete arch pieces (31); the drainage structure comprises a movable drainage trough (41) and a drainage pipe (42); the movable drainage trough (41) is installed on a plurality of the precast concrete arch pieces (31) in the entire tunnel cross section below the concentrated water gushing and leakage point (1) of the soft surrounding rock (10); the drainage pipe (42) is provided between the precast concrete arch piece (31) and the movable drainage trough (41); one end of the water diversion pipe (311) is connected to the concentrated water gushing and leakage point (1) of the soft surrounding rock (10), and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe (42); A side wall enlarged foundation (50) is provided at the lower end of the cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer (20) on both sides of the road surface (100), and a vertical baffle (51) is provided on the side wall enlarged foundation (50). The vertical baffle (51) and the inner concave surface of the side wall enlarged foundation (50) form a longitudinal drainage ditch (60); the bottom ends of both sides of the drainage pipe (42) are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch (60); A water-guiding corrugation (313) is provided on a side of the precast concrete arch piece (31) facing the cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer (20); a main waterproof layer construction joint (21) between the cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layers (20) is located in the middle of the precast concrete arch piece (31); and the water-guiding corrugation (313) is used to guide the infiltrated water to both sides of the precast concrete arch piece (31).
2. A tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-guiding ripples (313) are inclined downward from the middle of the precast concrete arch piece (31) to both sides.
3. A tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof structure further comprises a highly permeable basalt block (33), which is arranged between the precast concrete arch pieces (31) along the tunnel direction and located on the side of the bentonite water stop strip (32) facing the cast-in-situ concrete main waterproof layer (20).
4. A tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable drainage trough (41) is provided with a hook (411), the precast concrete arch piece (31) is provided with a connecting bolt (314), the hook (411) is connected to the connecting bolt (314), and the movable drainage trough (41) is fixed to the bottom of the precast concrete arch piece (31) through the hook (411) and the connecting bolt (314).
5. The tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A concrete inverted arch (70) is provided between the side wall enlarged foundations (50) on both sides.
6. A tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A central drainage ditch (80) is provided above the concrete inverted arch (70), a vertical drainage pipe (511) is provided on the inner side surface of the vertical baffle (51), an overflow hole (512) is provided between the vertical baffle (51) and the road surface (100), the overflow hole (512) is communicated with the vertical drainage pipe (511), and the vertical drainage pipe (511) is communicated with the central drainage ditch (80).
7. The tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cover plate (90) is provided at the top of the longitudinal drainage ditch (60), a seepage water inflow hole (91) is provided between the cover plate (90) and both sides of the road surface (100), and a filter grille (92) is provided in the seepage water inflow hole (91).
8. The tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precast concrete arch piece (31) is provided with an arch piece main reinforcement connecting hook (315), and three circumferential force-bearing bars (316) are fixed to the arch piece main reinforcement connecting hook (315); an anchoring and transporting bar hook (317) is provided on the inner concave surface of the precast concrete arch piece (31), and steel bars are fixedly connected to the arch piece main reinforcement connecting hook (315) and the anchoring and transporting bar hook (317) to form a single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh (110).
9. The tunnel waterproof drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement bar (318) is provided inside the precast concrete arch piece (31).
10. A tunnel waterproof drainage structure construction process, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Precast concrete arch pieces (31) based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel; pre-buried water pipes (311) and grouting pipes (312) at the concentrated water leakage point (1) in the soft surrounding rock (10); S2. The precast concrete arch pieces (31) are installed in the tunnel. The precast concrete arch pieces (31) on the tunnel section are connected by the arch piece main reinforcement connecting hooks (315); then the precast concrete arch pieces (31) are installed in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; during the construction process, bentonite water stop strips (32) and highly permeable basalt blocks (33) are reserved between the precast concrete arch pieces (31); at the location of the concentrated water seepage point (1) in the soft surrounding rock (10), the water diversion pipe (311) and the grouting pipe (312) pass through the precast concrete arch piece (31); S3. Using artificial pressure through the grouting pipe (312) to pour self-compacting concrete between the soft surrounding rock (10) and the precast concrete arch (31), a cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer (20) is produced; and the bottom of the cast-in-place concrete main waterproof layer (20) is cast on both sides of the side wall to expand the foundation (50); S4. The drainage pipe (42) is installed in the concave surface of the precast concrete arch (31) below the soft surrounding rock (10) concentrated water leakage point (1), and the water pipe (311) is connected to the drainage pipe (42); then the movable drainage trough (41) is installed in the precast concrete arch (31) through the hook (411) and the connecting bolt (314); S5. Casting the main waterproof layer of cast-in-place concrete (20) on both sides of the bottom end of the side wall to expand the foundation (50) between the cast-in-place concrete arch (70); S6. Pour the pavement (100) between the concrete arch (70) and the vertical baffles (51) on both sides, and construct the central drainage ditch (80); during the construction process, pre-buried vertical drainage pipes (511), as well as pre-buried vertical drainage pipes (511) and connecting pipes with the central drainage ditch (80); S7. Install a cover plate (90) above the longitudinal drainage ditch (60) on both sides, and reserve a plurality of leakage water inflow holes (91) between the cover plate (90) and the road surface (100) on both sides, and set a filter grille (92) in the leakage water inflow hole (91); S8. For areas with significant lining deformation, three circumferential reinforcement bars (316) are cross-fixed using the arch sheet main reinforcement connecting hooks (315); a single-layer diamond-shaped steel mesh (110) is formed by using steel bars fixedly connected to the arch sheet main reinforcement connecting hooks (315) and the anchoring and transporting reinforcement hooks (317) to control cracks and leakage; For areas where uneven settlement cracks have occurred, longitudinal post-tensioned prestressed reinforcement bars (318) are arranged inside the drainage layer of the precast concrete arch piece (31) to prevent further cracking and leakage after reinforcement.