Self-powered device, preparation method and self-powered intelligent window

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered device which comprises an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode, a reduction electrode and electrolyte. The electrochromic electrode comprises a substrate layer, an electrochromic layer and a glass layer which are arranged in sequence; the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically communicated with the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically communicated with the electrochromic electrode at the same time; and the electrolyte is arranged among the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode. In the self-powered device provided by the invention, when the electrochromic electrode is connected with the reduction electrode, the electrochromic electrode is subjected to a reduction reaction along with conversion from a transparent state to a colored state, and when the electrochromic electrode is connected with the oxidation electrode, the electrochromic electrode is subjected to an oxidation reaction along with conversion from the colored state to the transparent state; according to the self-powered device designed based on the principle that chemical energy is converted into electric energy by a primary battery, energy consumption is reduced, and the portability and independence of the device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the fields of functional device preparation and nanomaterial assembly, and in particular to a self-powered device and a preparation method and a self-powered smart window. Background Art

[0002] According to statistics, building operations account for 30-40% of global energy consumption, with approximately half of this energy used to maintain the living environment within buildings, particularly through the use of indoor insulation, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. Windows are a key factor influencing building energy conservation and emission reduction, and are the least energy-efficient component of a building. Electrochromic smart windows have been widely researched due to their superior optical modulation performance, high tinting efficiency, and excellent durability. Their operating principle is that, under the stimulation of an external electric field, the optical properties of electrochromic materials undergo a reversible change, adjusting the transmittance of light in different wavelengths and dynamically regulating indoor lighting and heat. This reduces energy consumption in air conditioning and lighting systems, improving building energy efficiency and human comfort.

[0003] However, electrochromic smart windows require a continuous external power supply. In large-scale applications, this power consumption reduces energy savings and leads to additional energy consumption. This reliance on external power also increases installation and production costs, reduces the device's independence and portability, and limits its widespread real-world application.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to solve the dependence of electrochromic smart windows on external power sources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a self-powered device comprising three electrodes. When the electrochromic electrode is connected to the reduction electrode, the electrochromic electrode undergoes a reduction reaction, accompanied by a transition from a transparent state to a colored state. When the electrochromic electrode is connected to the oxidation electrode, the electrochromic electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction, accompanied by a transition from a colored state to a transparent state. This can achieve self-powering, reduce dependence on an external power supply, and can be used in the preparation of self-powered smart windows.

[0006] The present application provides a self-powered device, comprising an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode, a reduction electrode, and an electrolyte;

[0007] The electrochromic electrode comprises a substrate layer, an electrochromic layer and a glass layer which are arranged in sequence;

[0008] The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode at the same time;

[0009] The electrolyte is arranged between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode.

[0010] In some specific implementations, the oxidation electrode includes one or more of an oxidized carbon paper electrode, a carbon paper electrode, or a graphite electrode; the reduction electrode includes an aluminum electrode and / or a zinc electrode; and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are electrically connected to the electrochromic layer, respectively.

[0011] In some specific implementations, the thickness of the electrochromic layer, the oxidation electrode, and the reduction electrode are each independently 200 nm to 0.2 mm.

[0012] In some specific implementations, the electrochromic layer is one or more of tungsten trioxide nanowires, tungsten oxide, or nickel oxide.

[0013] In some specific implementations, the thickness of the base layer and the glass layer are independently 0.8 mm to 12 mm.

[0014] In some specific implementations, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are respectively connected to the electrochromic layer through a switch, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are connected to the moving end of the switch, and the electrochromic layer is connected to the fixed end of the switch.

[0015] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned self-powered device, comprising:

[0016] An electrochromic layer is arranged on the surface of the base layer, a glass layer is arranged above the electrochromic layer to form an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode and a reduction electrode are respectively arranged on both sides of the electrochromic electrode, and an electrolyte is filled between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode. The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode at the same time, so as to obtain a self-powered device.

[0017] In some specific implementations, the method for preparing the electrochromic layer includes:

[0018] mixing tungsten trioxide nanowires with an organic solvent to obtain a tungsten trioxide nanowire dispersion;

[0019] Spray the tungsten trioxide dispersion onto the substrate surface to form an electrochromic layer.

[0020] In some specific implementations, the electrolyte includes a polyethylene gel electrolyte containing aluminum chloride; the electrochromic electrode, oxidation electrode, and reduction electrode are each independently connected to a switch via a wire or a stainless steel electrode clamp.

[0021] The present application also provides a self-powered smart window, comprising the above-mentioned self-powered device or the self-powered device prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0022] The self-powered device provided in the present application comprises three electrodes. When the electrochromic electrode is connected to the reduction electrode, a reduction reaction occurs in the electrochromic electrode, accompanied by a transition from a transparent state to a colored state. When the electrochromic electrode is connected to the oxidation electrode, an oxidation reaction occurs in the electrochromic electrode, accompanied by a transition from a colored state to a transparent state. The self-powered device designed based on the principle of converting chemical energy into electrical energy by a primary cell can solve the problem of electrochromic devices' dependence on external power supplies, reduce additional energy consumption, and improve the portability and independence of the device. The present application can dynamically adjust the light transmittance according to people's living comfort needs, has good cycle stability, and has certain application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the self-powered device provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is the XRD characterization diagram of tungsten oxide nanowires prepared in Example 1 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 TEM characterization image of tungsten oxide nanowires prepared in Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is the XPS characterization of tungsten oxide nanowires prepared in Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the changes in sheet resistance and contact angle of the oxidation electrode prepared in Example 3 of the present application at different treatment times;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a SEM characterization image of the oxidation electrode prepared in Example 3 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a SEM characterization image of the cross section of the electrochromic layer prepared in Example 4 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 This is an optical transmission spectrum of the self-powered device prepared in Example 4 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a cycle stability test diagram of the self-powered device prepared in Example 4 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a photo of the self-powered device prepared in Example 4 of the present application in a transparent state;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a photo of the self-powered device prepared in Example 4 of the present application in a colored state;

[0034] Figure 12A bar chart showing the impact of different types of glass used in the self-powered device prepared in Example 4 of the present application on the annual heating, ventilation and air-conditioning energy consumption of four cities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be understood that the expression "one or more of" includes individually each of the items recited after the expression and various combinations of two or more of the recited items, unless otherwise apparent from the context and usage. The expression "and / or" in conjunction with three or more recited items should be understood to have the same meaning, unless otherwise apparent from the context.

[0036] The terms "comprising", "having" or "containing", including their grammatical synonyms, should generally be understood as open and non-restrictive, e.g., not excluding other unrecited elements or steps, unless otherwise specifically stated or understood from the context.

[0037] It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which certain actions are performed is not important as long as the application remains operable. Additionally, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.

[0038] The use of any and all examples or exemplary language, such as "such as" or "including," herein is intended merely to better illustrate the present application and does not limit the scope of the present application unless otherwise claimed. No language in this specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the present application.

[0039] In addition, the numerical ranges and parameters used to define this application are approximate values. The relevant numerical values in the specific examples have been presented as accurately as possible. However, any numerical value inherently inevitably contains standard deviations due to individual testing methods. Therefore, unless otherwise expressly stated, all ranges, amounts, values, and percentages used in this disclosure should be understood to be modified by the word "about." As used herein, "about" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.5% of a particular value or range.

[0040] The present application provides a self-powered device, comprising an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode, a reduction electrode, and an electrolyte;

[0041] The electrochromic electrode comprises a substrate layer, an electrochromic layer and a glass layer which are arranged in sequence;

[0042] The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode at the same time;

[0043] The electrolyte is arranged between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode.

[0044] The structural diagram of the self-powered device is shown in FIG. Figure 1As shown, 1 is a glass layer. In some specific implementations, the thickness of the glass layer is 0.8 mm to 12 mm. The present application does not particularly limit the thickness of the glass layer, and those skilled in the art can adjust and select it according to actual production conditions, desired performance and quality requirements; 2 is an electrolyte. In some specific implementations, the thickness of the electrolyte is 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm. The present application does not particularly limit the thickness of the electrolyte, and those skilled in the art can adjust and select it according to actual production conditions, desired performance and quality requirements. The preferred electrolyte in the present application is a polyethylene gel containing aluminum chloride, and the preparation method is to prepare a 0.5 M aluminum chloride aqueous solution. Then add polyvinyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 9%, stir at a constant temperature of 90°C until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature. The concentration range of aluminum chloride is 0.4-0.8M, and the mass fraction range of polyvinyl alcohol is 7-13%; 3 is an electrochromic layer, 5 is an oxidation electrode and 6 is a reduction electrode. The valence state of tungsten can be controlled by the electrochromic electrode, and the transition between the transparent state and the colored state of the self-powered device can be achieved through the colorless hexavalent tungsten and the blue pentavalent tungsten; in some specific implementation methods, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are respectively connected to the electrochromic layer through a switch, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are connected to the moving end of the switch, and the electrochromic layer is connected to the fixed end of the switch. In some specific implementations, the electrochromic layer is one or more of tungsten trioxide nanowires, tungsten oxide or nickel oxide, preferably tungsten trioxide nanowires. In some specific implementations, the thickness of the electrochromic layer, oxidation electrode and reduction electrode is 200nm to 0.2mm, which can be 200nm, 500nm, 1000nm, 5000nm, 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm. This application does not particularly limit the thickness of the electrochromic layer, oxidation electrode and reduction electrode. Those skilled in the art can adjust and select according to actual production conditions, desired performance and quality requirements; by connecting the electrochromic electrode to two electrodes under certain conditions, a self-powered effect can be achieved.In some specific implementations, the oxidation electrode includes but is not limited to one or more of an oxidized carbon paper electrode, a carbon paper electrode or a graphite electrode, preferably an oxidized carbon electrode. The present application has no special requirements for the selection of the oxidation electrode. The present application has no special restrictions on the source of the oxidized carbon electrode, and it can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art or purchased from the market. The preferred preparation method of the oxidized carbon electrode in the present application is to use an electrochemical workstation to place a graphite rod (counter electrode), a saturated calomel electrode (reference electrode), and 1*3 cm carbon paper (working electrode) in a 1M sulfuric acid solution, and use cyclic voltammetry to oxidize 10 times in the range of 2-4V at a scan rate of 0.05V / s to obtain an oxidized carbon electrode. The reduction electrode includes but is not limited to an aluminum electrode and / or a zinc electrode, preferably an aluminum electrode. The present application has no special requirements for the selection of the reduction electrode. The electrochromic layer, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are respectively connected to a switch. In some specific implementations, the switch includes but is not limited to a single-pole double-throw switch. The present application has no special requirements for the selection of the switch. When coloring is required, the single-pole double-throw switch connects the electrochromic electrode to the reduction electrode, and the hexavalent tungsten in the electrochromic electrode is converted into pentavalent tungsten through a reduction reaction, thereby realizing the transition from a transparent state to a colored state. When decolorization is required, the single-pole double-throw switch connects the electrochromic electrode to the oxidation electrode, and the pentavalent tungsten is converted into hexavalent tungsten through an oxidation reaction, thereby realizing the transition from a colored state to a transparent state. In some specific implementations, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are respectively connected to the moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the electrochromic electrode is connected to the fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch; 4 is a substrate layer. In some specific implementations, the substrate includes but is not limited to indium tin oxide glass. This application has no special requirements for the selection of the substrate. In some specific implementations, the thickness of the substrate layer is 0.8mm to 12mm. This application has no special restrictions on the thickness of the substrate layer. Those skilled in the art can adjust and select it according to actual production conditions, desired performance and quality requirements. The self-powered device provided by this application provides a solution to the dependence of electrochromic smart windows on an external power supply. It can rely on internal chemical reactions to achieve reversible transformation between the colored state and the transparent state. Experimental results show that the self-powered device prepared by this application has good optical modulation performance and energy-saving effects.

[0045] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned self-powered device, comprising:

[0046] An electrochromic layer is arranged on the surface of the base layer, a glass layer is arranged above the electrochromic layer to form an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode and a reduction electrode are respectively arranged on both sides of the electrochromic electrode, and an electrolyte is filled between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode. The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode at the same time, so as to obtain a self-powered device.

[0047] The present application first applies an electrochromic layer to the surface of a substrate. The substrate is ultrasonically cleaned in glass cleaning fluid, rinsed, and dried for later use. Tungsten trioxide nanowires are mixed with an organic solvent to obtain a dispersion of the tungsten trioxide nanowires. The tungsten trioxide dispersion is sprayed onto the substrate surface to form the electrochromic layer. In some specific implementations, the organic solvent includes, but is not limited to, anhydrous ethanol. This application has no specific requirements for the choice of organic solvent. In some specific implementations, this application does not specifically limit the source of the tungsten trioxide nanowires; they can be prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art or purchased commercially. A preferred method for synthesizing tungsten trioxide nanowires in this application is to uniformly mix 40 mL of octanol and 40 mL of anhydrous ethanol, dissolve 0.3 g of tungsten hexachloride in the mixture, and then add the yellow solution to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, maintain the temperature at 200°C for 1 hour, and then naturally cool to room temperature to obtain the tungsten trioxide nanowires. This application does not specifically limit the arrangement of the tungsten trioxide nanowires; this application preferably uses a spraying process to achieve a random arrangement.

[0048] The present application then arranges a glass layer on top of the electrochromic layer to form an electrochromic electrode, arranges an oxidation electrode and a reduction electrode on both sides of the electrochromic electrode, and fills the electrolyte between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode. In some specific implementations, the thickness of the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode is higher than that of the electrochromic layer, and the steps of setting a glass layer and filling an electrolyte on the surface of the electrochromic layer include: pasting 6cm*1.5cm*0.08cm transparent 3M glue on both sides of the long side of the base layer, and pasting 4cm*0.5cm*0.08cm transparent 3M glue on one side of the short side, then closely attaching the 6cm*1cm*0.02cm oxidation electrode to the 3M glue on one side of the long side, and closely attaching the 6cm*1cm*0.02cm reduction electrode to the 3M glue on the other side, and attaching the remaining 6cm*0.5cm area on both sides of the long side with 6cm*0.5cm*0.08cm transparent 3M glue, then closely attaching a 6cm*7cm*1mm glass layer to the top layer, and then using UV shadowless glue and ultraviolet lamp to seal the gap around the electrochromic electrode, and filling the gel electrolyte between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode to form an electrolyte. The present application has no special restrictions on the sealing and assembly methods of the self-powered device, and it can be prepared by methods familiar to those skilled in the art. The preferred assembly and sealing method of the present application is to use 3M glue for pasting, and then use UV shadowless glue and ultraviolet lamp to seal the gaps around the device.

[0049] The present application then connects the electrochromic electrode, oxidation electrode, and reduction electrode to a switch to obtain a self-powered device. In some specific implementations, the electrochromic electrode, oxidation electrode, and reduction electrode are each independently connected to the switch via a wire or a stainless steel electrode clamp.

[0050] The present application also provides a self-powered smart window, comprising the above-mentioned self-powered device or the self-powered device prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0051] The self-powered device provided in the present application comprises three electrodes. When the electrochromic electrode is connected to the reduction electrode, a reduction reaction occurs in the electrochromic electrode, accompanied by a transition from a transparent state to a colored state. When the electrochromic electrode is connected to the oxidation electrode, an oxidation reaction occurs in the electrochromic electrode, accompanied by a transition from a colored state to a transparent state. The self-powered device designed based on the principle of converting chemical energy into electrical energy by a primary cell can solve the problem of electrochromic devices' dependence on external power supplies, reduce additional energy consumption, and improve the portability and independence of the device. The present application can dynamically adjust the light transmittance according to people's living comfort needs, has good cycle stability, and has certain application prospects.

[0052] The present application is further described below with reference to the following examples. The scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the following examples.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment provides a tungsten trioxide nanowire, and the preparation method of the tungsten trioxide nanowire includes:

[0055] Mix 40 mL of octanol and 40 mL of anhydrous ethanol, dissolve 0.3 g of tungsten hexachloride in the mixture, and then add the yellow solution to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave. Keep the temperature at 200°C for 1 hour. Then cool it naturally to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide nanowires.

[0056] Figure 2 This is the XRD characterization diagram of the tungsten oxide nanowires prepared in this example; Figure 3 TEM characterization image of tungsten oxide nanowires prepared in this example; Figure 4 This is the XPS characterization image of the tungsten oxide nanowires prepared in this example.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] This embodiment provides a gel electrolyte, and a preparation method of the gel electrolyte includes:

[0059] Prepare a 0.5M aluminum chloride aqueous solution, then add 9% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, stir at a constant temperature of 90°C until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a gel electrolyte.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] This embodiment provides an oxidation electrode, and a method for preparing the oxidation electrode includes:

[0062] Using an electrochemical workstation, a graphite rod (counter electrode), a saturated calomel electrode (reference electrode), and a 1*3 cm carbon paper (working electrode) were placed in a 1 M sulfuric acid solution. Cyclic voltammetry was used to oxidize the electrodes by 10 cycles in the range of 2-4 V at a scan rate of 0.05 V / s to obtain an oxidation electrode.

[0063] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the changes in sheet resistance and contact angle of the oxidation electrode prepared in this embodiment at different treatment times; Figure 6 This is the SEM characterization image of the oxidation electrode prepared in this example.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] This embodiment provides a self-powered device, and a method for preparing the self-powered device includes:

[0066] Soak 6*7*1.1mm indium tin oxide glass in indium tin oxide glass cleaning solution, ultrasonically treat for 10 minutes, rinse with deionized water, and dry for later use.

[0067] Take 13 mL of the tungsten trioxide nanowire stock solution provided in Example 1, add an equal volume of cyclohexane, shake for 2 minutes, then centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 minutes. Discard the supernatant to obtain a sediment. Add 13 mL of cyclohexane to the sediment and shake for 2 minutes to dissolve the sediment. Repeat the centrifugation process and discard the supernatant. Add 3 mL of anhydrous ethanol to the sediment and shake to dissolve the sediment to prepare a tungsten trioxide nanowire dispersion.

[0068] Place the clean indium tin oxide glass on a heating table at 70°C, and evenly spray the tungsten trioxide nanowire dispersion on the surface of the indium tin oxide glass through a spraying process. After spraying, let it stand for 3 to 10 minutes, then remove the indium tin oxide glass and naturally cool it to room temperature to prepare an electrochromic layer.

[0069] The prepared electrochromic layer was characterized by SEM. The SEM characterization of the cross section of the electrochromic layer is shown in FIG. Figure 7 shown.

[0070] Attach 6*1.5*0.08cm of transparent 3M glue to both sides of the long side of the ITO glass, and 4*0.5*0.08cm of transparent 3M glue to one side of the short side. Then, attach the 6*1*0.02cm oxidation electrode provided in Example 3 to the 3M glue on one side of the long side, and attach a 6*1*0.02cm aluminum sheet to the 3M glue on the other side. Attach 6*0.5*0.08cm of transparent 3M glue to the remaining 6*0.5 areas on both sides of the long side. Then, attach 6*7*1mm glass to the top layer. Then, use UV shadowless glue and ultraviolet light to seal the gaps around the device.

[0071] The gel electrolyte provided in Example 2 is filled between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode, and the oxidation electrode, the electrochromic electrode and the aluminum electrode provided in Example 3 are connected with a wire or a stainless steel electrode clamp to form a loop to constitute a self-powered device.

[0072] The obtained self-powered device is tested, and the test method is as follows:

[0073] Optical transmission spectrum: Use a UV-visible spectrophotometer to test the absorption of light at various wavelengths of the device and obtain its optical transmission spectrum;

[0074] Cyclic stability test: An electrochemical workstation is a high-precision electrochemical measuring instrument that can precisely control electrode potential or current and measure parameters such as current and potential in electrode reactions. Cyclic testers are specifically used for cycle life testing of electrochromic devices. They can automatically or manually perform multiple cycle tests according to set parameters and regulate the switching conditions of the device circuit. UV-Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic transmission and reflection measurement system. In cyclic stability testing, the UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used in conjunction with the electrochemical workstation to measure the device's transmittance curve at a specific wavelength over time, as well as the current curve over time, thereby evaluating the device's optical stability after multiple cycles.

[0075] Figure 8 This is the optical transmission spectrum of the self-powered device prepared in this example. The results show that the self-powered device has good optical modulation capability. Figure 9 This is a test chart of the cycle stability of the self-powered device prepared in this embodiment; Figure 10 This is a photo of the self-powered device prepared in this embodiment in a transparent state. Figure 11 This is a photo of the self-powered device prepared in this embodiment in a colored state; Figure 12 A bar chart shows the impact of different types of glass used in the self-powered device prepared in Example 4 of this application on annual heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning energy consumption in four cities. The data in the chart was simulated using the EnergyPlus software. The chart shows that electrochromic glass has the lowest energy consumption among the four cities, indicating that this type of glass performs best in terms of energy savings.

[0076] The above is only a preferred specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and application concept of the present application within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and they should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-powered device, characterized in that including an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode, a reduction electrode and an electrolyte; The electrochromic electrode comprises a substrate layer, an electrochromic layer and a glass layer which are arranged in sequence; The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode at the same time; The electrolyte is arranged between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode.

2. The self-powered device according to claim 1, characterized in that The oxidation electrode includes one or more of an oxidized carbon paper electrode, a carbon paper electrode or a graphite electrode; the reduction electrode includes an aluminum electrode and / or a zinc electrode; the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are electrically connected to the electrochromic layer respectively.

3. The self-powered device according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the electrochromic layer, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are each independently 200 nm to 0.2 mm.

4. The self-powered device according to claim 1, characterized in that The electrochromic layer is one or more of tungsten trioxide nanowires, tungsten oxide or nickel oxide.

5. The self-powered device according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the base layer and the glass layer are independently 0.8 mm to 12 mm.

6. The self-powered device according to claim 1, characterized in that The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are connected to the electrochromic layer through switches respectively. The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are connected to the moving end of the switch, and the electrochromic layer is connected to the fixed end of the switch.

7. A method for preparing a self-powered device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: An electrochromic layer is arranged on the surface of the base layer, a glass layer is arranged above the electrochromic layer to form an electrochromic electrode, an oxidation electrode and a reduction electrode are respectively arranged on both sides of the electrochromic electrode, and an electrolyte is filled between the oxidation electrode, the reduction electrode and the electrochromic electrode. The oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode can be electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode respectively, and the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are not electrically connected to the electrochromic electrode at the same time, so as to obtain a self-powered device.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that The preparation method of the electrochromic layer comprises: mixing tungsten trioxide nanowires with an organic solvent to obtain a tungsten trioxide nanowire dispersion; Spray the tungsten trioxide dispersion onto the substrate surface to form an electrochromic layer.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that The electrolyte includes a polyethylene gel electrolyte containing aluminum chloride; the electrochromic electrode, the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode are independently connected to a switch through a wire or a stainless steel electrode clamp.

10. A self-powered smart window, characterized in that: The invention comprises a self-powered device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a self-powered device prepared by the preparation method according to claims 7 to 9.

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