Method and system for simulating double-layer time sequence operation of multi-time scale electro-hydrogen ammonia coupling system

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-time scale electric hydrogen ammonia coupling system double-layer time sequence operation simulation method and system. The method comprises the steps that a refined model of electric hydrogen ammonia coupling system equipment is constructed based on a framework; source load data are obtained, the net load per hour is obtained through calculation, and then the annual net load is obtained; on the basis of the annual source load data and the annual net load, annual ammonia energy storage operation simulation is carried out, and the total amount of ammonia charging and discharging per week is obtained with the minimum annual energy imbalance risk as the operation simulation target; taking the total amount of ammonia charging and discharging per week as a boundary condition, performing intra-week electric hydrogen ammonia energy storage cooperative operation simulation, and taking the minimum operation cost per week as an operation simulation target to obtain an energy operation simulation result of daily electric hydrogen ammonia energy storage. According to the method, the safe and stable operation requirement of the system can be met, and meanwhile, the supply and demand balance simulation is carried out under the fine time resolution, so that the economical efficiency and the energy self-consistency rate of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sequential operation of an electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, and in particular to a double-layer sequential operation simulation method and system for a multi-time-scale electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system. Background Art

[0002] As the proportion of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaics connected to the grid continues to rise, the intermittent and volatile nature of their power generation, coupled with the seasonal nature of load demand, leads to supply-demand imbalances between wind and solar power output and load demand on multiple timescales. Energy storage systems are an important means of increasing renewable energy consumption and addressing this supply-demand imbalance. However, currently widely used electrical energy storage is limited by its energy density and cost, and can only partially alleviate short-term supply-demand imbalances. To address supply-demand imbalances over longer timescales, long-term energy storage technologies are needed. Hydrogen energy storage has high energy density, making it suitable for large-scale energy storage. Its low self-consumption rate also makes it suitable for long-term energy storage. However, the widespread application of hydrogen energy storage still faces certain challenges, such as safety concerns such as hydrogen's flammability, leakage, and metal hydrogen embrittlement. Ammonia is easy to store for long periods and is less explosive. Therefore, hydrogen-ammonia fusion is an effective approach to addressing bottlenecks in hydrogen energy development. Furthermore, when implementing both short-term and long-term energy storage technologies, how to consider the temporal characteristics of renewable energy on a year-round basis and leverage the storage characteristics of different energy storage technologies is also a crucial prerequisite for the future safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for coupled energy storage systems mostly focus on electric-hydrogen energy storage systems. While these systems can effectively combine short-term and long-term energy storage, they cannot address the safe and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen. Very few existing technologies involve integrating ammonia energy storage into electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage systems, forming electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled systems.

[0004] In the prior art, for example, the application number CN202411592198.7 discloses a source-grid hydrogen-ammonia two-layer coordinated optimization method and device based on model predictive control, which does not fully consider the intermittent and volatile nature of renewable energy power generation and the seasonal changes in load, making it difficult to achieve efficient energy allocation and supply and demand balance; it does not combine the respective advantages of electricity, hydrogen, and ammonia energy storage well, and fails to accurately characterize the coupling relationship of the electric, hydrogen, and ammonia systems, resulting in poor coordinated operation effects and poor system flexibility and adaptability; for example, the patent application number CN202510274525.2 discloses a green electricity hydrogen-ammonia optimization configuration method, system, computer equipment, and storage medium, which does not fully consider the intermittent and volatile nature of renewable energy power generation and the seasonal changes in load, making it difficult to effectively solve the supply and demand imbalance problem at multiple time scales. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a dual-layer sequential operation simulation method and system for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. While meeting the requirements for safe and stable operation of the system, it can carry out supply and demand balance simulation at fine time resolution, thereby improving the economy and energy self-consistency of the system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dual-layer sequential operation simulation method for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, comprising:

[0008] Obtain pedestrian images and general text templates, input them into a large language model, and output multiple text descriptions of pedestrian images to build image-text matching relationships;

[0009] Determine the framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, build a refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables on a two-layer time scale;

[0010] Obtain source load data and calculate the hourly net load. Sum the net loads of all hours in each week to get the weekly net load, and then get the annual net load.

[0011] Based on the source-load data and net load data for the whole year, a full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation is conducted with a year as the cycle and a week as the time step. The operation simulation goal is to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week is obtained;

[0012] Taking the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week as the boundary condition, week as the cycle, and hour as the time step, a weekly electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage coordinated operation simulation is carried out. The operation simulation goal is to minimize the weekly operation cost, and the daily energy operation simulation results of electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage are obtained.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the constructed refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment includes an electrolyzer model, a hydrogen fuel cell model, an ammonia production model, an ammonia fuel cell model, an electric boiler model, a battery model, a heat storage tank model, a hydrogen storage tank model, and a heat storage tank model; based on the refined model, the determined double-layer time scale operation simulation variables include the upper-layer annual time scale operation simulation variables and the lower-layer weekly time scale operation simulation variables.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the upper-level annual time scale operation simulation variables include electric-ammonia conversion energy, ammonia charging and discharging energy, and ammonia storage capacity; the lower-level weekly time scale operation simulation variables include the operating power of batteries, electrolyzers, heat storage tanks, hydrogen storage tanks, ammonia storage tanks, hydrogen fuel cells, and ammonia fuel cells, pressure swing adsorption nitrogen power, synthetic ammonia power, electricity purchase and sales power, as well as power abandonment power and load shedding power.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the specific method for calculating the net load per hour is:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, t year Represents the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year, T year Indicates the total number of data periods throughout the year, η E-T Indicates electric heating efficiency, pv indicates photovoltaic data, wind indicates fan output data, E-load indicates electric load data, and T-load indicates thermal load data;

[0018] The annual net load is expressed as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, w represents the time index of 52 weeks in a year, τ represents the time index of each week, T week Indicates the total number of periods per week.

[0021] As a further technical solution, the operation simulation goal is to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, specifically:

[0022] Among them, W unbalance Indicates the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, Indicates the amount of energy imbalance each week;

[0023] The constraints include electric-ammonia conversion constraints, ammonia charging and discharging constraints, and ammonia storage tank constraints.

[0024] As a further technical solution, the operation simulation goal of minimizing weekly operating costs is specifically as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in, is the weekly running cost, is the transaction cost with the upper-level power grid, For the penalty cost, The operating cost of energy storage;

[0027] Its constraints include system equipment model constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, hydrogen power balance constraints, ammonia power balance constraints, electricity purchase and sales constraints and other supplementary constraints.

[0028] As a further technical solution, when simulating the coordinated operation of electricity, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage within the week, the balancing period of hydrogen energy storage is set to one week to balance the imbalance of supply and demand within the week; the balancing period of electricity energy storage is set to one day to balance the imbalance of supply and demand within the day.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dual-layer sequential operation simulation system for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, comprising the following modules:

[0030] A refined model building module is configured to: determine a framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine operation simulation variables of the double-layer time scale;

[0031] The aggregation module is configured to obtain source load data and calculate the hourly net load, sum the net loads of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load;

[0032] The ammonia energy storage module is configured to: Based on the full-year source-load data and the full-year net load, perform a full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation with a yearly cycle and a weekly time step, with the goal of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and obtain the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge volume;

[0033] The electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage collaborative module is configured to: use the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week as the boundary condition, week as the cycle, and hour as the time step to conduct weekly electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage collaborative operation simulation, with the minimum weekly operation cost as the operation simulation goal, and obtain the daily electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage energy operation simulation results.

[0034] One or more technical solutions of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The double-layer sequential operation simulation method of the multi-time-scale electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system provided by the present invention can be used to solve the supply and demand imbalance problem at multiple time scales based on the short-term, medium-term and long-term energy storage characteristics of the three different energy storage systems of electric, hydrogen and ammonia, and establish a multi-time-scale double-layer operation simulation framework for the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system (the upper layer is the full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation, and the lower layer is the weekly electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage coordinated operation simulation) to perform full-year operation simulation, thereby achieving supply and demand balance under fine time resolution at multiple time scales while improving the economy and energy self-consistency of the system.

[0036] 2. Based on the framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, the present invention constructs a refined model of the conversion equipment among the three energy sources of electricity, hydrogen and ammonia, so as to realize the safe and stable coordinated operation of electricity, hydrogen and ammonia, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system determined in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the double-layer sequential operation simulation method of the multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a dual-layer sequential operation simulation method for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system. Figure 2 As shown, the specific method includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: Determine the framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables of the two-layer time scale; the operational simulation variables of the two-layer time scale include the operational simulation variables of the upper layer on the annual time scale and the operational simulation variables of the lower layer on the weekly time scale;

[0044] S2: Obtain source load data and calculate the hourly net load. Sum the net loads of all hours in each week to get the weekly net load, and then get the annual net load.

[0045] S3: Based on the source-load data and net load data for the whole year, with a year as the cycle and a week as the time step, a full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation is conducted. The operation simulation goal is to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week is obtained.

[0046] S4: With the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week as the boundary condition, a week as the cycle, and an hour as the time step, a weekly electric, hydrogen, and ammonia energy storage collaborative operation simulation is carried out. The operation simulation goal is to minimize the weekly operation cost, and the daily energy operation simulation results of the electric, hydrogen, and ammonia energy storage are obtained.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the energy and material flow coupling between the electricity, hydrogen, and ammonia systems is primarily accomplished by the electrolyzer, hydrogen fuel cell, nitrogen pressure swing adsorption unit, ammonia synthesis equipment, and ammonia fuel cell. When the system has sufficient power, wind turbines and photovoltaic power generation supply the electrical load. Excess electricity is also used for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, nitrogen pressure swing adsorption, ammonia synthesis, and heating in electric boilers. It can also be stored in batteries for short-term energy storage. When power is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell converts the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank into electricity, and the ammonia fuel cell converts the ammonia stored in the ammonia tank into electricity. These, along with the battery discharge, supply the electrical load. Furthermore, the system also engages in electricity purchase and sales transactions with the external power grid.

[0048] In step S1, the refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment is constructed, including an electrolyzer model, a hydrogen fuel cell model, an ammonia production model, an ammonia fuel cell model, an electric boiler model, a battery model, a heat storage tank model, a hydrogen storage tank model, and a heat storage tank model.

[0049] In this embodiment, the electrolytic cell model includes an electrolytic cell start-stop model, an electrolytic cell power model, and an electrolytic cell output model, wherein the electrolytic cell start-stop model is:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Where: t is the current sampling period; T is the total number of sampling periods; and They are respectively the start-up action and shutdown action states of the electrolytic cell; It is a 0-1 variable, 1 indicates that the electrolytic cell is in working state, and 0 indicates that the electrolytic cell is in shutdown state; Δt is the unit time interval; and They are the upper limit of the number of times the electrolyzer can be started and shut down in a day;

[0053] The electrolytic cell power model includes the upper and lower power constraints of the electrolytic cell and the electrolytic cell ramp power constraints: Among them, the upper and lower power constraints of the electrolytic cell are:

[0054]

[0055] in: is the working power of the electrolytic cell; and The upper and lower limits of the working power of the electrolytic cell in working state;

[0056] The electrolyzer ramp power constraint is:

[0057]

[0058] in: The maximum ramp power per unit time period of the electrolyzer in working condition;

[0059] The electrolytic cell output model is:

[0060]

[0061] in: is the equivalent hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer; is the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzer; is the waste heat recovery power of the electrolytic cell; η heat is the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0062] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell model includes a hydrogen fuel cell start-stop model, a hydrogen fuel cell power model, and a hydrogen fuel cell output model, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell start-stop model is:

[0063]

[0064] in: and They are respectively the start-up action and shutdown action states of the hydrogen fuel cell; is a 0-1 variable, indicating the working state of the hydrogen fuel cell; Δt is the unit time interval; and They are the upper limits of the number of times a hydrogen fuel cell can be started and shut down in a day;

[0065] The hydrogen fuel cell power model includes the upper and lower power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell operation and the hydrogen fuel cell ramp power constraints:

[0066] Among them, the upper and lower power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are:

[0067]

[0068] in: is the equivalent input power of the hydrogen fuel cell; and The upper and lower limits of the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is powered on;

[0069] The ramp power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell is:

[0070]

[0071] in: The maximum ramp power per unit time period of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is powered on;

[0072] The hydrogen fuel cell output model is:

[0073]

[0074] in: is the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell; The power generation efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells; is the waste heat recovery power of the hydrogen fuel cell; η heat is the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0075] The ammonia production model includes a nitrogen pressure swing adsorption model, ammonia synthesis equipment model, and gas quality constraints. The nitrogen pressure swing adsorption model is:

[0076]

[0077] Where: S PSA is the capacity of the pressure swing adsorption unit (PSA), which is also the upper limit of the nitrogen mass in the pressure swing adsorption process; The quality of nitrogen obtained for the pressure swing adsorption process; is the electric power consumed by the pressure swing adsorption process; Δt is the unit time interval; n PSA The amount of electricity consumed to produce 1 kg of nitrogen;

[0078] The synthetic ammonia equipment model is:

[0079]

[0080] Where: S HB It is the upper limit of ammonia quality in the process of synthesizing ammonia; is the mass of synthetic ammonia; is the electrical power consumed in the process of synthesizing ammonia; n HB The amount of electricity consumed to synthesize 1 kg of ammonia;

[0081] The gas quality constraint is:

[0082]

[0083] in: and are the ratios of nitrogen atoms to hydrogen atoms per unit mass of ammonia, which are 14 / 17 and 3 / 17 respectively; is the mass of hydrogen used to synthesize ammonia; and are the equivalent powers of hydrogen and ammonia respectively; and r A-E are the calorific value equivalence coefficients of hydrogen and ammonia, respectively, indicating the amount of electricity equivalent to 1 kg of hydrogen and 1 kg of ammonia.

[0084] Ammonia fuel cell model:

[0085]

[0086] in: is the equivalent input power of the ammonia fuel cell; E AFC is the capacity of the ammonia fuel cell; is the power generation power of the ammonia fuel cell; is the waste heat recovery power of the ammonia fuel cell; The power generation efficiency of ammonia fuel cells; is the mass of ammonia gas input to the ammonia fuel cell.

[0087] Electric boiler model:

[0088]

[0089] in: and are the input and output power of the electric boiler respectively; is the heating efficiency of the electric boiler; and They are the upper and lower limits of electric boiler input power respectively; The working state of the electric boiler is 1, which means the electric boiler is in working state, and 0 means the electric boiler is in shutdown state. The maximum number of starts and stops of the electric boiler per day.

[0090] The battery model includes battery power constraints and battery energy constraints, where the battery power constraint is:

[0091]

[0092] in: and They are the battery charge and discharge status; and are the battery charging and discharging power respectively; and They are the upper limits of battery charge and discharge power respectively;

[0093] The battery energy constraint is:

[0094]

[0095] in: and are the battery capacity at the initial period, the final period and the t period respectively, T bat The energy balance period of the battery means that the battery has the same amount of energy from the initial state to the end of its balance period. and They are the upper and lower limits of battery capacity respectively; and are the battery charge and discharge efficiency respectively.

[0096] The heat storage tank model includes the heat storage tank power constraint and the heat storage tank energy constraint. The heat storage tank power constraint is:

[0097]

[0098] in: and They are respectively the charging and discharging states of the heat storage tank; and are the charging and discharging power of the heat storage tank respectively; and They are the upper limits of charging and discharging power of the heat storage tank respectively;

[0099] The energy constraint of the heat storage tank is:

[0100]

[0101] in: and are the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank in the initial period, the final period and the t period respectively, T TST is the energy balance period of the heat storage tank, indicating that the heat storage tank has the same amount of heat from the initial state to the end of its balance period; and They are the upper and lower limits of the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank respectively; and are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the heat storage tank respectively.

[0102] The hydrogen storage tank model includes hydrogen storage tank power constraints and hydrogen storage tank energy constraints, where the hydrogen storage tank power constraint is:

[0103]

[0104] in: and They are respectively the charging and discharging status of the hydrogen storage tank; and are the equivalent power of charging and discharging hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank respectively; and They are the upper limits of equivalent power for charging and discharging hydrogen in hydrogen storage tanks respectively;

[0105] The energy constraint of the hydrogen storage tank is:

[0106]

[0107] in: and are the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the initial period, the final period and the t period respectively; T HST is the energy balance period of hydrogen energy storage, which means that the amount of hydrogen stored is equal from the initial state to the end of its balance period; and They are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen storage capacity in the hydrogen storage tank respectively; and are the hydrogen charging and discharging efficiencies of the hydrogen storage tank, respectively.

[0108] The ammonia storage tank model includes the ammonia storage tank power constraint and the ammonia storage tank energy constraint. The ammonia storage tank power constraint is:

[0109]

[0110] in: and They are respectively the charging and discharging status of the ammonia storage tank; and They are the equivalent power of charging and discharging ammonia in the ammonia storage tank respectively; and They are the upper limits of equivalent power for charging and discharging ammonia in the ammonia storage tank respectively;

[0111] The energy constraint of the ammonia storage tank is:

[0112]

[0113] in: and are the ammonia storage capacity of the ammonia storage tank at the initial period, the final period and the period t respectively; T AST is the energy balance period of ammonia energy storage, indicating that the amount of ammonia stored is equal from the initial state to the end of its balance period; and They are the upper and lower limits of ammonia storage capacity in the ammonia storage tank respectively; and are the ammonia charging and discharging efficiencies of the ammonia storage tank respectively.

[0114] In this embodiment, the upper annual time scale operation simulation variables include the electricity to ammonia conversion energy and Charging and discharging ammonia energy and Ammonia storage capacity The simulation variables running on the lower weekly time scale include the operating power of batteries, electrolyzers, heat storage tanks, hydrogen storage tanks, ammonia storage tanks, hydrogen fuel cells, ammonia fuel cells, pressure swing adsorption nitrogen power, synthetic ammonia power, electricity purchase and sales power, as well as power curtailment power and load shedding power.

[0115] In step S2, the source-load data for 8760 hours over 52 weeks throughout the year are obtained, including photovoltaic data, wind turbine output data, electric load data, and thermal load equivalent power data. The specific expression is as follows:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Where: subscript t year is the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year, T year is the total number of data periods for the whole year, and the time interval is set to 1 hour, so T year Take 8760; the superscripts pv, wind, E-load and T-load represent photovoltaic, wind turbine, electrical load and thermal load respectively;

[0119] Calculate the net load P net , considering that the heat load needs to be supplied by electrical energy conversion, the conversion efficiency is converted and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0120]

[0121] Among them, t year Represents the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year, T year Indicates the total number of data periods throughout the year, η E-T Indicates electric heating efficiency, pv indicates photovoltaic data, wind indicates fan output data, E-load indicates electric load data, and T-load indicates thermal load data;

[0122] Then, the net load of 8760 hours per week is summed up to get the net load of 52 weeks per year. The details are as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, w represents the time index of 52 weeks in a year, τ represents the time index of each week, T week Indicates the total number of time periods per week, and the time interval is set to 1 hour, so T week Take 168; is the net load of week w.

[0125] In step S3, the upper layer annual time scale runs the simulation model (full year ammonia energy storage operation simulation):

[0126] The operation simulation goal is to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, specifically:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, W unbalance Indicates the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, Indicates the amount of energy imbalance each week.

[0129] The constraints include electricity-ammonia conversion constraints, ammonia charging and discharging constraints, and ammonia storage tank constraints. The electricity-ammonia conversion constraints are:

[0130]

[0131] in: and are the energy of electricity-to-ammonia and ammonia-to-electricity conversion, respectively; and are the state variables of electricity-to-ammonia and ammonia-to-electricity, respectively; S HB is the mass of ammonia produced per hour in the process of synthesizing ammonia; S AFC is the capacity of the ammonia fuel cell;

[0132] The ammonia charging and discharging constraints are:

[0133]

[0134] in: and are the equivalent energies of ammonia charging and discharging respectively; η E-A and η A-E are the efficiencies of electricity-to-ammonia and ammonia-to-electricity, respectively; and are the state variables for charging and releasing ammonia respectively; is the ammonia storage capacity in week w; and are the efficiency of charging and discharging ammonia in the ammonia storage tank respectively;

[0135] The constraints of the ammonia storage tank are:

[0136]

[0137] in: is the ammonia storage capacity in week w; is the initial ammonia storage capacity of the ammonia storage tank.

[0138] In step S4, when simulating the coordinated operation of electricity, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage within a week, the balancing period of hydrogen energy storage is set to one week to balance the imbalance of supply and demand within the week; the balancing period of electricity energy storage is set to one day to balance the imbalance of supply and demand within the day.

[0139] Lower-level weekly timescale operation simulation model (weekly electricity, hydrogen, and ammonia energy storage coordinated operation simulation):

[0140] The simulation goal is to minimize the weekly operating cost, specifically:

[0141]

[0142] in, is the weekly running cost, is the transaction cost with the upper-level power grid, For the penalty cost, The operating cost of energy storage;

[0143]

[0144] Where: Δτ is the unit time interval, T week is the total number of time periods per week; the character W represents cost or benefit, and λ represents the unit cost or benefit coefficient; the superscripts buy, sell, cur, lack-E, lack-T, lack-H, om-AST, om-HST, om-TST, and om-bat represent electricity purchase, electricity sale, power abandonment, power shortage, heat shortage, ammonia storage tank operation, hydrogen storage tank operation, heat storage tank operation, and battery operation, respectively.

[0145] Its constraints include system equipment model constraints (i.e. the above-mentioned electrolyzer model, hydrogen fuel cell model, ammonia production model, ammonia fuel cell model, electric boiler model, battery model, heat storage tank model, hydrogen storage tank model, heat storage tank model), electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, hydrogen power balance constraints, ammonia power balance constraints, electricity purchase and sales constraints and other supplementary constraints.

[0146] Among them, the electric power balance constraint is:

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] in: and They are photovoltaic output, wind turbine output and electrical load data respectively; and They are abandoned power and insufficient power supply respectively; and are the charge and discharge power respectively; and They are respectively the power of electricity purchased and sold; is the power input to the electrolytic cell; The electrical power output of the hydrogen fuel cell; The electrical power output of the ammonia fuel cell; is the power input to the electric boiler; Power consumed to produce nitrogen; The power consumed for synthesizing ammonia;

[0150] Thermal power balance constraints:

[0151]

[0152] in: is the heat load data; Insufficient heating power; and are charging and discharging heat power respectively; Output power for electric boiler; The waste heat recovery power of the hydrogen fuel cell; is the waste heat recovery power of the ammonia fuel cell;

[0153] Hydrogen power balance constraints:

[0154]

[0155] in: is the hydrogen load equivalent power; The hydrogen supply is insufficient for equivalent power; is the equivalent power input to the hydrogen fuel cell; is the equivalent power of hydrogen used to synthesize ammonia; Output equivalent power for the electrolyzer; and are the equivalent power of hydrogen charging and discharging respectively;

[0156] Ammonia power balance constraints:

[0157]

[0158] in: is the equivalent power input to the ammonia fuel cell; is the equivalent power of synthesized ammonia; and are the equivalent power of charging and discharging ammonia respectively;

[0159] Constraints on power purchase and sales:

[0160]

[0161] in: and are the state variables of electricity purchase and sale respectively; The upper limit of the power transaction between the system and the external grid;

[0162] Supplementary constraints:

[0163] In order to avoid the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell operating at the same time, the following additional constraints are imposed on the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell:

[0164]

[0165] in: and are the working state variables of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell respectively; S EC and S HFC are the capacities of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell, respectively;

[0166] In order to set the balancing period of hydrogen energy storage to one week, and to balance the supply and demand imbalance within the balancing week, the following additional constraints are imposed on hydrogen energy storage:

[0167]

[0168] in: and are the initial and final hydrogen storage states per week respectively; S HST is the hydrogen storage capacity;

[0169] In order to use ammonia energy storage as long-term energy storage, the annual ammonia energy storage energy optimization results of the upper layer are transferred to the lower layer as the optimization boundary of the lower layer ammonia energy storage. The additional constraints on ammonia energy storage are as follows:

[0170]

[0171] in: and are the initial and final ammonia storage states for each week, respectively; and are the ammonia energy storage states of the w-1th week and the wth week obtained by the upper optimization; S AST is the ammonia storage capacity.

[0172] Example 2

[0173] This embodiment provides a dual-layer sequential operation simulation system for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, including the following modules:

[0174] A refined model building module is configured to: determine a framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine operation simulation variables of the double-layer time scale;

[0175] The aggregation module is configured to obtain source load data and calculate the hourly net load, sum the net loads of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load;

[0176] The ammonia energy storage module is configured to: Based on the full-year source-load data and the full-year net load, perform a full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation with a yearly cycle and a weekly time step, with the goal of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and obtain the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge volume;

[0177] The electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage collaborative module is configured to: use the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week as the boundary condition, week as the cycle, and hour as the time step to conduct weekly electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage collaborative operation simulation, with the minimum weekly operation cost as the operation simulation goal, and obtain the daily electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage energy operation simulation results.

[0178] Example 3

[0179] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program to implement the method described in the first embodiment.

[0180] The method in Example 1 can be directly implemented as being executed by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software module can be located in a storage medium well-established in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, a detailed description is not given here.

[0181] Example 4

[0182] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, for implementing the method described in Embodiment 1. For the sake of brevity, further details will be omitted here.

[0183] It should be understood that in this embodiment, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), off-the-shelf field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0184] The memory may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor. A portion of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information about the device type.

[0185] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and varied in various ways. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-layer sequential operation simulation method for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, characterized by: include: Determine the framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, build a refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables on a two-layer time scale; Obtain source load data and calculate the hourly net load. Sum the net loads of all hours in each week to get the weekly net load, and then get the annual net load. Based on the source-load data and net load data for the whole year, a full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation is conducted with a year as the cycle and a week as the time step. The operation simulation goal is to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week is obtained; Taking the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week as the boundary condition, week as the cycle, and hour as the time step, a weekly electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage coordinated operation simulation is carried out. The operation simulation goal is to minimize the weekly operation cost, and the daily energy operation simulation results of electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage are obtained.

2. The dual-layer sequential operation simulation method for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The constructed refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment includes an electrolyzer model, a hydrogen fuel cell model, an ammonia production model, an ammonia fuel cell model, an electric boiler model, a battery model, a heat storage tank model, a hydrogen storage tank model, and a heat storage tank model; based on the refined model, the determined two-layer time scale operation simulation variables include the upper annual time scale operation simulation variables and the lower weekly time scale operation simulation variables.

3. The dual-layer sequential operation simulation method for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The upper-level annual time scale operation simulation variables include electric-ammonia conversion energy, ammonia charging and discharging energy, and ammonia storage capacity; the lower-level weekly time scale operation simulation variables include the operating power of batteries, electrolyzers, heat storage tanks, hydrogen storage tanks, ammonia storage tanks, hydrogen fuel cells, and ammonia fuel cells, pressure swing adsorption nitrogen power, synthetic ammonia power, electricity purchase and sales power, as well as power abandonment power and load shedding power.

4. The method for simulating the dual-layer sequential operation of a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for calculating the net load per hour is: Among them, t year Represents the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year, T year Indicates the total number of data periods throughout the year, η E-T Indicates electric heating efficiency, pv indicates photovoltaic data, wind indicates fan output data, E-load indicates electric load data, and T-load indicates thermal load data; The annual net load is expressed as follows: Among them, w represents the time index of 52 weeks in a year, τ represents the time index of each week, T week Indicates the total number of periods per week.

5. The method for simulating the dual-layer sequential operation of a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation simulation goal is to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, specifically: Among them, W unbalance Indicates the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, Indicates the amount of energy imbalance each week; The constraints include electric-ammonia conversion constraints, ammonia charging and discharging constraints, and ammonia storage tank constraints.

6. The method for simulating the dual-layer sequential operation of a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation simulation goal is to minimize the weekly operating cost, specifically: in, is the weekly running cost, is the transaction cost with the upper-level power grid, For the penalty cost, The operating cost of energy storage; Its constraints include system equipment model constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, hydrogen power balance constraints, ammonia power balance constraints, electricity purchase and sales constraints and other supplementary constraints.

7. The method for simulating the dual-layer sequential operation of a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When simulating the coordinated operation of electricity, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage within the week, the balancing period of hydrogen energy storage is set to one week to balance the imbalance of supply and demand within the week; the balancing period of electricity energy storage is set to one day to balance the imbalance of supply and demand within the day.

8. A dual-layer sequential operation simulation system for a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, characterized by: Includes the following modules: A refined model building module is configured to: determine a framework of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine operation simulation variables of the double-layer time scale; The aggregation module is configured to obtain source load data and calculate the hourly net load, sum the net loads of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load; The ammonia energy storage module is configured to: Based on the full-year source-load data and the full-year net load, perform a full-year ammonia energy storage operation simulation with a yearly cycle and a weekly time step, with the goal of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and obtain the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge volume; The electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage collaborative module is configured to: use the total amount of ammonia charged and discharged each week as the boundary condition, week as the cycle, and hour as the time step to conduct weekly electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage collaborative operation simulation, with the minimum weekly operation cost as the operation simulation goal, to obtain the daily electric, hydrogen and ammonia energy storage energy operation simulation results.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the double-layer sequential operation simulation method of a multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the double-layer sequential operation simulation method of the multi-time-scale electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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