Superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipe and graphite foam

Abstract

The invention provides a superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on a special-shaped heat pipe and graphite foam, which comprises a special-shaped heat pipe assembly, a graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly and an air core stator, and is characterized in that the air core stator comprises a shell and an armature winding assembly, bionic fins are formed on the outer wall of the shell, and an enhancement layer is arranged on the inner wall of the shell; the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly is embedded in the shell; the special-shaped heat pipe assembly comprises an evaporation end and a condensation end, the condensation end is embedded in the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly, the evaporation end penetrates through the enhancement layer from the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly and extends to the position between the two adjacent armature windings, and face-to-face contact is formed between the special-shaped heat pipe assembly and the armature winding assembly. The special-shaped heat pipe is in full contact with a heat generation hot spot of the armature winding, heat is quickly transferred to the graphite foam heat expansion tile through two-phase evaporative cooling, the graphite foam heat expansion tile expands heat in the circumferential direction, and efficient heat exchange is achieved by means of the low-resistance air flue and the bionic strengthening structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motor thermal management, and in particular to an integrated thermal control system for a superconducting motor based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam. Background Art

[0002] With the global energy transition and green transportation accelerating, all-electric aircraft, as a zero-emission vehicle, have become a core development direction for future low-carbon transportation systems. However, traditional electric drive systems suffer from low power density, high energy loss, and significant noise pollution, severely limiting the range, economy, and user experience of electric vehicles. The CDDJ, with its innovative technical features such as high power density, low operating noise, and low electric drive losses, offers a breakthrough solution for all-electric aircraft propulsion systems. Its significant advantages include: enhanced maneuverability thanks to its high power density and lightweight design, and long-range flight with high energy efficiency enabled by low noise operation and low electric drive losses. Semi-CDDJ, represented by the brushless CDDJ, combines the advantages of both superconducting and conventional motors, featuring no carbon brushes and no contact losses, fast dynamic response, high torque density, and a long theoretical lifespan. While significantly improving power density and energy efficiency, it also avoids the challenges of cryogenic cooling associated with all-superconducting motors, perfectly meeting the core requirements of green, economical, and comfortable civil transportation.

[0003] An existing Chinese patent, CN118611339B, discloses a method and system for adaptive heat dissipation control of a semi-superconducting motor. This method aims to address existing issues such as insufficient real-time performance, complex models, difficulty optimizing control strategies, and poor adaptability. The method includes obtaining real-time temperature data from the motor; inputting this real-time temperature data and motor load data into a fuzzy control algorithm optimized using a genetic algorithm; the fuzzy control algorithm calculates control parameters based on fuzzy rules, and adjusts the motor fan speed and radiator area based on these control parameters.

[0004] However, the thermal control failure problems such as the surge in thermal power of non-superconducting components and heat loss distribution brought about by the integration and high power development of existing semi-CDDJ have become the key bottleneck restricting the iterative development of semi-CDDJ. The heat flux density of existing heat-generating components has exceeded the load-bearing limit of traditional thermal control systems (oil cooling). Thermal control failure will directly lead to major faults such as superconducting magnet performance degradation, thermal deformation of mechanical components, and accelerated insulation aging, which directly threaten flight safety and operational economy. At the same time, the traditional thermal control system has a low system compactness and heavy load due to its large pump group mass, which restricts the high power density and compact design of semi-CDDJ, and is contrary to the lightweight and low maintenance cost requirements of all-electric aircraft. Therefore, the core problems of brushless CDDJ, such as the surge in power, limited heat dissipation path, high superconducting thermal sensitivity, and strict installation space, urgently require the development of an efficient and lightweight thermal control system to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the motor and support the commercialization of green aviation.

[0005] Semi-CDDJs utilize superconducting coils instead of traditional copper coils, offering advantages such as high power density and miniaturization. However, their non-superconducting armature windings have poor thermal conductivity and high eddy current losses, leading to significant localized temperature rise. This concentrated heat can easily lead to degradation of superconducting magnet performance, accelerated insulation aging, and output power fluctuations, seriously threatening the reliability and endurance stability of all-electric aircraft propulsion systems.

[0006] Among existing thermal control solutions, air cooling, due to its low heat dissipation efficiency, cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power armatures. Water cooling has low flow rate sensitivity, a high risk of leakage, and limited effectiveness in suppressing temperature rise with increased flow rate. Oil cooling relies on complex piping and pumping systems, increasing overall aircraft weight and exposing them to medium corrosion and rising maintenance costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new generation of efficient, lightweight, and highly reliable thermal control technologies to support the large-scale application of semi-CDDJ in all-electric aircraft. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated thermal control system for superconducting motors based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam.

[0008] According to the present invention, a superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam is provided, comprising: a special-shaped heat pipe assembly, a graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly, and an air core stator. The air core stator comprises a housing and an armature winding assembly. The housing has bionic fins formed on its outer wall, and a reinforcement layer is provided on its inner wall. The armature winding assembly includes multiple armature windings uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the reinforcement layer along the circumference of the air core stator.

[0009] The graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly includes a plurality of heat expansion tiles evenly arranged along the circumference of the air core stator, and the heat expansion tiles are embedded in the shell;

[0010] The special-shaped heat pipe assembly includes a plurality of special-shaped heat pipes evenly arranged along the circumference of the air core stator. Any of the special-shaped heat pipes includes an evaporation end and a condensation end. The condensation end is embedded in the graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly. The evaporation end extends from the graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly through the reinforcement layer to between two adjacent armature windings, and surface-to-surface contact is formed between the special-shaped heat pipe assembly and the armature winding assembly.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of protrusions evenly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed on the inner wall of the reinforcement layer, the armature winding is wound on the protrusions, a winding coil slot is formed between two adjacent armature windings, the number of the evaporation ends matches the number of the winding coil slots, the evaporation end includes a wedge-shaped flat structure, the evaporation end is inserted inside the winding coil slot, and forms surface-to-surface contact with the winding coil slot wall.

[0012] Preferably, the heat expansion tile is arc-shaped and embedded in the middle layer of the outer shell, and the curvature of the heat expansion tile matches the curvature of the outer shell.

[0013] Preferably, the condensation end is arc-shaped and embedded in the middle layer of the heat expansion tile. The curvature of the condensation end matches the curvature of the heat expansion tile. One or more condensation ends are embedded in any of the heat expansion tiles.

[0014] Preferably, the special-shaped heat pipe is formed by combining a plurality of L-shaped heat pipes, the evaporation ends of the plurality of L-shaped heat pipes are arranged on the same plane, and the condensation ends of the plurality of L-shaped heat pipes are arranged in a back-to-back manner.

[0015] Preferably, the thermal expansion tile comprises graphite foam and glass fiber reinforced structure, the thermal conductivity of the graphite foam is ≥180 W / (m·K), and the porosity is not less than 85%.

[0016] Preferably, the graphite foam can be replaced by a foam metal material with a thermal conductivity of ≥180 W / (m·K).

[0017] Preferably, the reinforcement layer includes a glass fiber reinforcement layer, a carbon fiber reinforcement layer, or a phenolic fiber reinforcement layer.

[0018] Preferably, the bionic fin includes a fractal branching structure, a honeycomb porous structure, or a leaf vein branching structure.

[0019] Preferably, an air cooling channel is formed inside the bionic fin, and a centrifugal fan is installed at the end of the motor, and the centrifugal fan pushes air to flow through the air cooling channel.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention meets the requirements of lightweight, compact, efficient and reliable thermal control of non-superconducting components in the confined space of brushless CDDJ armatures by integrating two-phase heat transfer of special-shaped heat pipes, heat expansion of ultra-high thermal conductivity graphite foam and efficient air cooling of outer bionic structure into an integrated thermal control system. It is particularly suitable for superconducting motors such as all-electric aircraft that have strict requirements on lightweight, high power density and heat dissipation efficiency. Through the integrated thermal control system of "generation-transfer-diffusion-dissipation", the heat generating hotspots of the special-shaped heat pipe full-contact armature windings are utilized to quickly transfer heat to the ultra-high thermal conductivity graphite foam thermal expansion tiles in the central interlayer of the outer stator through two-phase evaporative cooling. The graphite foam thermal expansion tiles expand heat circumferentially, and the evenly distributed heat is radially transferred to the preset air-cooling and heat dissipation area. With the help of low-resistance air ducts and bionic reinforced structures, efficient heat exchange is achieved, thereby reducing the armature temperature rise, ensuring long-term stable operation of the motor, extending its service life and reducing costs.

[0022] 2. The present invention adopts graphite foam heat expansion tiles to replace traditional aluminum-based heat sinks, and combines them with a compact layout of special-shaped heat pipes to significantly reduce the weight of the thermal control system compared to traditional oil cooling solutions, which is conducive to the lightweight and compactness of the thermal control device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the integrated thermal control system of a superconducting motor based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam, which is mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the special-shaped heat pipe and armature winding that mainly embodies the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a special-shaped heat pipe assembly mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the armature winding assembly mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main shell structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated thermal control system of "production-transmission-diffusion-dispersion" embodied in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental method for thermal control performance of the present invention.

[0032] As shown in the figure:

[0033] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1-6 As shown, according to the present invention, a superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam is provided, comprising: a special-shaped heat pipe assembly 1, a graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly 2 and an air core stator, the air core stator comprising a shell 3 and an armature winding assembly 4, the outer wall of the shell 3 is formed with bionic fins, the inner wall of the shell 3 is provided with a reinforcement layer 5, the armature winding assembly 4 comprises a plurality of armature windings uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the reinforcement layer 5 along the circumference of the air core stator; the graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly 2 It includes multiple heat expansion tiles evenly arranged along the circumference of the air core stator, and the heat expansion tiles are embedded in the outer shell 3; the special-shaped heat pipe assembly 1 includes multiple special-shaped heat pipes evenly arranged along the circumference of the air core stator, and any special-shaped heat pipe includes an evaporation end 11 and a condensation end 12, and the condensation end 12 is embedded in the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly 2, and the evaporation end 11 extends from the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly 2 through the reinforcement layer 5 to between two adjacent armature windings, and surface contact is formed between the special-shaped heat pipe assembly 1 and the armature winding assembly 4.

[0036] This application describes an integrated thermal control system that combines two-phase heat transfer using shaped heat pipes, thermal expansion using ultra-high thermal conductivity graphite foam, and efficient air cooling using an outer bionic structure. This system meets the requirements for lightweight, compact, efficient, and reliable thermal control of non-superconducting components within the confined space of a brushless CDDJ armature. It is particularly suitable for superconducting motors, such as those in all-electric aircraft, that demand lightweight, high power density, and heat dissipation efficiency. This integrated "generation-transmission-diffusion-dissipation" thermal control system utilizes the heat-generating hotspots of the shaped heat pipes' full-contact armature windings. Through two-phase evaporative cooling, this heat is rapidly transferred to the ultra-high thermal conductivity graphite foam thermal expansion tiles in the center layer of the outer stator. The tiles then circumferentially expand the heat, and the evenly distributed heat is radially transferred to a pre-defined air-cooled heat dissipation area. This system utilizes low-resistance air ducts and a bionic reinforced structure to achieve efficient heat exchange, thereby reducing armature temperature rise and ensuring long-term stable operation of the motor.

[0037] The heat-expanding tile is arc-shaped and embedded in the middle layer of the outer shell 3, and the curvature of the heat-expanding tile matches the curvature of the outer shell 3. The condensing end 12 is arc-shaped and embedded in the middle layer of the heat-expanding tile, and the curvature of the condensing end 12 matches the curvature of the heat-expanding tile. One or more condensing ends 12 are embedded in any heat-expanding tile.

[0038] A plurality of protrusions evenly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed on the inner wall of the reinforcement layer 5. The armature winding is wound on the protrusions. A winding coil slot is formed between two adjacent armature windings. The number of evaporation ends 11 matches the number of winding coil slots. The evaporation end 11 includes a wedge-shaped flat structure. The evaporation end 11 is inserted inside the winding coil slot and forms surface-to-surface contact with the winding coil slot wall.

[0039] The special-shaped heat pipe is formed by combining a plurality of L-shaped heat pipes. The evaporation ends 11 of the plurality of L-shaped heat pipes are all arranged on the same plane, and the condensation ends 12 of the plurality of L-shaped heat pipes are arranged in a back-to-back direction.

[0040] Special-shaped heat pipes are arranged in groups along the axial and radial directions. The axial heat pipes are embedded in the winding slots along the motor axis, directly transferring the Joule heat of the windings through axial heat conduction. The axial layout reduces the length of the thermal resistance chain, allowing heat to be transferred to the condenser along the shortest path. Specifically, the evaporation end 11 is a wedge-shaped flat structure that is inserted into the winding coil slots, forming a surface-to-surface contact with the inner wall of the winding slots. Its flat end face contacts the winding heat-generating area over a large area, enhancing the evaporation rate of the special-shaped heat pipe.

[0041] The radial heat pipe passes through the inner glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) support structure of the core stator along the radial direction of the motor, and penetrates into the interior of the graphite foam thermal expansion tile through the bent condensation end face, thereby increasing the contact area between the heat pipe and the graphite foam thermal expansion tile and enhancing the condensation rate of the special-shaped heat pipe.

[0042] The thermal expansion tile consists of graphite foam and glass fiber reinforced structure. The thermal conductivity of the graphite foam is ≥180W / (m·K) and the porosity is not less than 85%. The graphite foam can be replaced with a foam metal material with a thermal conductivity of ≥180W / (m·K).

[0043] The thermal expansion tile is composed of high thermal conductivity graphite foam and glass fiber reinforcement layer, embedded in the sandwich between the inner GFRP support structure and the outer mechanical shield of the air core stator. The graphite foam thermal expansion tile needs to be inserted into the condensing end of the special-shaped heat pipe, and the curvature and thickness of the graphite foam thermal expansion tile need to match the bending angle and thickness of the condensing end of the special-shaped heat pipe. The thermal conductivity of graphite foam is ≥180W / (m·K), and the porosity can reach 85% to ensure lightweight. In addition, graphite foam is non-magnetic and has little effect on superconducting motors. Heat is transferred quickly along the graphite skeleton, thereby improving the thermal expansion efficiency. When the power requirement is low and the weight reduction requirement is not high, the graphite foam can be replaced with a foam metal material with a thermal conductivity of ≥180W / (m·K), such as foam copper, foam aluminum, etc. The thickness of the ultra-high thermal conductivity graphite foam thermal expansion tile can be changed as needed.

[0044] The reinforcement layer 5 includes a glass fiber reinforcement layer, a carbon fiber reinforcement layer, and a phenolic fiber reinforcement layer.

[0045] Bionic fins include fractal branching structures, honeycomb porous structures, and leaf vein branching structures.

[0046] like Figure 7 As shown, an air cooling channel is formed inside the bionic fin, and a centrifugal fan is installed at the end of the motor to push air through the air cooling channel.

[0047] The bionic fins are provided with an air-cooling channel between the outer surface of the outer stator and the cast aluminum shell, and topologically optimized fins are arranged on the outer surface of the outer stator. A fractal branch structure is generated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The branch structure induces longitudinal vortices on the surface of the fins, destroys the laminar boundary layer, increases the turbulence intensity, and thus improves the convective heat transfer coefficient. The fractal structure significantly increases the effective heat dissipation area compared to the straight fins, and the heat dissipation power density will also increase. The fin structure of the present application can be replaced with other bionic structures according to different heat dissipation power density requirements, such as honeycomb porous structure and leaf vein branch structure. The shell bionic fins can change the material, height, number, and shape of the fins as needed.

[0048] A centrifugal fan is mounted at the end of the motor. When activated, it pushes air through the gaps between the fins, enhancing forced convection cooling. A flow-guiding structure, such as a shroud or vortex generator, is incorporated into the inner wall of the motor housing to guide airflow evenly across the heat sink area and avoid dead spots. CFD simulation can be used to determine the optimal airflow path.

[0049] The present application achieves synergistic heat dissipation by introducing graphite foam thermal expansion tiles into the flattened / bent design of special-shaped heat pipes and topological bionic fins, reduces the interfacial thermal resistance through the special-shaped heat pipe structure, and forms a synergistic heat dissipation architecture with the air cooling system. At the same time, a topologically optimized structure is used for the external active air-cooled fin heat dissipation to achieve efficient heat exchange, and the directional and rapid conduction of heat inside the motor and the external efficient dissipation are achieved to realize active and passive integrated efficient thermal control. The thermal control system is integrated on the CDDJ, and the thermal control effect of the motor is significantly improved compared with that of the air-cooled thermal control motor. The hot spot temperature of the motor is reduced by no less than 35°C, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 100°C. The lateral heat diffusion capacity of the graphite foam thermal expansion tile (thermal conductivity coefficient ≥180W / (m·K)) makes the temperature difference on the outer stator surface ≤5°C, avoiding insulation aging caused by local overheating, extending service life and reducing costs.

[0050] This application uses graphite foam heat expansion tiles to replace traditional aluminum-based heat sinks, combined with a compact layout of special-shaped heat pipes, to reduce the weight of the thermal control system by more than 40% compared to traditional oil cooling solutions, which is beneficial to the lightweight and compactness of the thermal control device.

[0051] like Figure 8 As shown, this application is further described through a specific embodiment. The envelope volume of the integrated thermal control prototype is 0.3m 3 The effective component weight is about 1.26t, which includes the special-shaped heat pipe assembly 1, the graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly 2, the shell fins, the centrifugal fan and the air core stator and other supporting structures. The flat structure special-shaped heat pipe is made of aluminum-based material, with a length of 1.7m, a thickness of 3mm and a width of 8mm, with a total of 12 groups. The foam material is the graphite foam mentioned above, with a density of 0.8g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 180W / (m·K), thickness is 6mm. Graphite foam heat expansion tile is embedded in the stator GFRP support layer and titanium alloy shell sandwich, the total thickness of the sandwich is 10mm. The shell bionic fin is made of aluminum alloy AlSi 10 Mg material, density 2.7g / cm 3 The fin height is 15mm, the thickness is 0.5mm, the fractal branch structure, the number is 240. The centrifugal fan air volume is 16.8m 3 / min. A flow guide structure is set on the inner wall of the shell, with a guide angle of 45° and a spacing of 10mm.

[0052] The experimental device applies a heat flux density of about 300W / cm2 to the lower end area of the integrated thermal control prototype. 3The heat flow is uniform. Two-phase evaporative cooling through special-shaped heat pipes rapidly transfers heat to the ultra-high thermal conductivity graphite foam thermal expansion tiles in the center layer of the outer stator. The tiles circumferentially expand the heat, and the uniformized heat is transferred radially to the pre-set air-cooled heat dissipation area. A temperature sensor collects the simulated heat source surface temperature, monitors the maximum heat source surface temperature, and calculates the internal temperature uniformity and cooling power of the graphite foam thermal expansion tiles. An infrared camera collects the outer stator surface temperature data to measure the temperature distribution uniformity and calculate the surface convective heat transfer coefficient. The calculated outer stator surface temperature is 82°C, the motor hotspot temperature has dropped by at least 41°C, and the internal temperature difference of the graphite foam is ≤4°C.

[0053] When the thermal control requirements are higher, the axial number of special-shaped heat pipes can be increased to 4, and the circumferential number of special-shaped heat pipes can be increased to 16 groups.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0055] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. The embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in any manner unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam, characterized in that: include: A special-shaped heat pipe assembly (1), a graphite foam thermal expansion tile assembly (2), and an air core stator, wherein the air core stator comprises a shell (3) and an armature winding assembly (4), wherein bionic fins are formed on the outer wall of the shell (3), a reinforcement layer (5) is provided on the inner wall of the shell (3), and the armature winding assembly (4) comprises a plurality of armature windings uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the reinforcement layer (5) along the circumference of the air core stator; The graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly (2) comprises a plurality of heat expansion tiles evenly arranged along the circumference of the air core stator, and the heat expansion tiles are embedded in the outer shell (3); The special-shaped heat pipe assembly (1) comprises a plurality of special-shaped heat pipes uniformly arranged along the circumference of the air core stator, each of the special-shaped heat pipes comprises an evaporation end (11) and a condensation end (12), the condensation end (12) being embedded in the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly (2), the evaporation end (11) extending from the graphite foam heat expansion tile assembly (2) through the reinforcement layer (5) to between two adjacent armature windings, and a surface-to-surface contact is formed between the special-shaped heat pipe assembly (1) and the armature winding assembly (4).

2. The superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of protrusions uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed on the inner wall of the reinforcement layer (5); the armature winding is wound on the protrusions; a winding coil slot is formed between two adjacent armature windings; the number of the evaporation ends (11) matches the number of the winding coil slots; the evaporation end (11) comprises a wedge-shaped flat structure; the evaporation end (11) is inserted into the winding coil slot and forms surface-to-surface contact with the winding coil slot wall.

3. The integrated superconducting motor thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat expansion tile is arc-shaped and is embedded in the middle layer of the outer shell (3), and the curvature of the heat expansion tile matches the curvature of the outer shell (3).

4. The integrated superconducting motor thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condensation end (12) is arc-shaped and embedded in the middle layer of the heat expansion tile. The curvature of the condensation end (12) matches the curvature of the heat expansion tile. One or more condensation ends (12) are embedded in any of the heat expansion tiles.

5. The superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special-shaped heat pipe is formed by combining a plurality of L-shaped heat pipes, wherein the evaporation ends (11) of the plurality of L-shaped heat pipes are all arranged on the same plane, and the condensation ends (12) of the plurality of L-shaped heat pipes are arranged in a back-to-back manner.

6. The superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat expansion tile comprises graphite foam and glass fiber reinforced structure, the thermal conductivity of the graphite foam is ≥180W / (m·K), and the porosity is not less than 85%.

7. The integrated superconducting motor thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 6, characterized in that: The graphite foam can be replaced by a foam metal material with a thermal conductivity of ≥180 W / (m·K).

8. The superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement layer (5) comprises a glass fiber reinforcement layer, a carbon fiber reinforcement layer, and a phenolic fiber reinforcement layer.

9. The superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bionic fins include a fractal branch structure, a honeycomb porous structure, and a leaf vein branch structure.

10. The superconducting motor integrated thermal control system based on special-shaped heat pipes and graphite foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air cooling channel is formed inside the bionic fin, and a centrifugal fan is installed at the end of the motor. The centrifugal fan pushes air to flow through the air cooling channel.

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