Frame and cartridge for supporting adsorbent articles in direct air capture system

Abstract

A direct air capture (DAC) device includes a configuration that allows the DAC cartridges to be stacked to maintain a stacked configuration within a DAC reactor. The DAC cartridge may have a plurality of sorbent articles disposed within the cartridge, and the cartridge may be insertable into the frame or may be supported by the frame.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 433,954, filed on December 20, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 611,309, filed on December 18, 2023, the entire disclosures of both of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to composite articles of adsorbent materials and structures for supporting composite articles of adsorbent materials in adsorption and desorption processes for direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO2). Background Art

[0003] Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels associated with greenhouse gas emissions have been shown to be harmful to the environment. As reported in the Climate.gov article "Climate Change: Atomspheric Carbon Dioxide," the average atmospheric CO2 level in 2019 was 409.8 parts per million, the highest level recorded in the past 800,000 years. The report also indicates that the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 is significantly higher than in previous decades.

[0004] In order to limit climate change to acceptable levels, it is necessary not only to reduce CO2 emissions to zero in the near future, but also to achieve negative CO2 emissions. To achieve negative emissions, there are several possibilities, such as burning biomass for electricity generation, combined with capturing CO2 from combustion flue gases and then storing the CO2 (also known as "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", or BECCS), or with direct air capture (DAC) of CO2.

[0005] Direct capture of CO₂ from the atmosphere, known as DAC, is one of several ways to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and holds attractive economic promise as a non-fossil, location-independent source of CO₂ for commodity markets and synthetic fuel production. Specific advantages of capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere include: a) DAC can address emissions from decentralized sources (e.g., vehicles...land, marine, and airborne), which account for a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and are currently not economically feasible to capture at the point of emission; b) DAC can address legacy emissions and, therefore, can result in true negative emissions; and c) DAC systems do not need to be attached to emission sources but can be location-independent and can be located at the point where the CO₂ is further processed or used.

[0006] There is increasing motivation to develop and improve structures for implementing adsorbent materials to perform these processes more efficiently, for example to streamline the process of replacing old adsorbent materials with new ones and / or installing adsorbent materials into different DAC reactors. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Disclosed herein are a direct air capture (DAC) device, a method for controlling the device, and a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using the device. In one example ("Example 1"), the DAC device includes a DAC device comprising a stackable DAC cassette having a frame and a plurality of adsorbent articles disposed therein and supported by the frame.

[0008] In another example (Example 2) that is a step further than Example 1, the frame has multiple faces that are covered with walls to contain the sorbent article within the frame.

[0009] In another example ("Example 3") that is further developed relative to Example 2, the frame has an open face through which the sorbent article is inserted to rest within the frame.

[0010] In another example ("Example 4") further than Example 2 or 3, the device further includes a plurality of fastening members, by means of which the wall is attached, affixed, or fastened to the frame.

[0011] In another example (“Example 5”) further than Example 4, the fastening member includes one or more of a rivet, a screw, a spot welding material, a wire, a fiber, or an adhesive.

[0012] In another example ("Example 6") that is further from the previous example, the frame includes a U-shaped structure and a plurality of rods extending across a top portion of the U-shaped structure.

[0013] In another example ("Example 7") that is a step further than Example 6, the U-shaped structure is made from a single continuous piece of material.

[0014] In another example ("Example 8") further than Example 6 or 7, the U-shaped structure includes a plurality of holes or perforations.

[0015] In another example ("Example 9") that is further developed relative to any of Examples 6 to 8, the bottom portion of the U-shaped structure includes at least one rounded corner, and the top portion of the U-shaped structure includes at least one flanged upper lip. The rounded corner has a curvature that couples with the flanged upper lip and the rod extending across the top portion of the U-shaped structure.

[0016] In one example ("Example 10"), a DAC device includes a first removable case and a first frame. The first frame supports the first removable case and defines a first engagement surface of the first frame. The first engagement surface is provided on the first frame to define a position of a second engagement surface of the second frame when the second engagement surface is provided to engage with the first engagement surface. The engagement between the first engagement surface and the second engagement surface maintains a predetermined distance between the first removable case and the second removable case supported by the second frame.

[0017] In another example ("Example 11") further than Example 10, the device further includes a second removable cartridge and a second frame. The second frame supports the second removable cartridge and defines a second engagement surface configured to engage with the first engagement surface of the first frame to maintain a predetermined distance between the first removable cartridge and the second removable cartridge supported by the second frame.

[0018] In one example (Example 12), a DAC device includes a first frame and a second frame, wherein the first frame defines a first engagement surface of the first frame. The first frame is configured to support a first box. The second frame defines a second engagement surface of the second frame. The second frame is configured to support a second box. The first engagement surface and the second engagement surface maintain a predetermined distance between the first box and the second box when engaged with each other.

[0019] In another example ("Example 13") that is further developed relative to Example 12, the first frame or the second frame is constructed to support the first box or the second box by providing at least one of the following: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the first box or the second box rests, (b) a frame channel through which a protrusion of the first box or the second box is set, and / or (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the first box or the second box.

[0020] In another example (“Example 14”) further than Example 12, the apparatus further includes a first cartridge removably disposed in the first frame and a second cartridge removably disposed in the second frame.

[0021] In another example ("Example 15") further than Examples 10-14, the predetermined distance is 1 mm to 5 cm.

[0022] In another example ("Example 16") further than any of Examples 10-14, the apparatus further includes a plurality of walls supported by the first frame to define at least an interior of the first frame.

[0023] In another example ("Example 17") further than Example 16, the wall includes a mesh structure.

[0024] In another example ("Example 18") further than Example 16, the wall includes a screening member having a mesh (grid) formed using a fiber material.

[0025] In another example ("Example 19") further than any of Examples 10-14, the first frame defines another first engagement surface of the first frame. The device also includes a third frame defining a third engagement surface and configured to support a third box. The third engagement surface and the other first engagement surface maintain another predetermined distance between the first box and the third box when engaged with each other.

[0026] In another example ("Example 20") that is further developed relative to Example 19, the third frame is constructed to support the third box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the third box rests, (b) a frame channel through which a protrusion of the third box is set, and / or (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the third box.

[0027] In another example ("Example 21") further than Example 19, the apparatus further includes a third box removably disposed in the third frame.

[0028] In another example (“Example 22”) further than Example 19, the other predetermined distance is the same as the predetermined distance.

[0029] In another example ("Example 23") further than Example 19, the first frame defines a further first engagement surface of the first frame. The apparatus further includes a fourth frame defining a fourth engagement surface and configured to support a fourth cassette. When the fourth engagement surface and the further first engagement surface engage with each other, they maintain a further predetermined distance between the first cassette and the fourth cassette.

[0030] In another example ("Example 24") that is further developed relative to Example 23, the fourth frame is constructed to support the fourth box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the fourth box rests, (b) a frame channel through which a protrusion of the fourth box is set, and / or (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the fourth box.

[0031] In another example (“Example 25”) further than Example 23, the apparatus further includes a fourth box removably disposed in the fourth frame.

[0032] In another example (“Example 26”) further than Example 23, the further predetermined distance is the same as one or more of the predetermined distance or the further predetermined distance.

[0033] In one example (Example 27), a DAC device includes a first cartridge and a first frame. The first frame has opposing walls that define a first cartridge compartment disposed between the opposing walls. Each opposing wall includes a sliding surface facing the first cartridge compartment. The first cartridge is slidably disposed within the first cartridge compartment.

[0034] In one example ("Example 28"), a DAC device includes a first frame and a second frame. The first frame has first opposing walls that define a first cartridge compartment disposed between the first opposing walls. The first opposing walls have an inner surface that defines a slidable engagement configured to support a first cartridge in the first cartridge compartment. The second frame has a second opposing wall that defines a second cartridge compartment disposed between the second opposing walls. The second opposing wall has an inner surface that defines a slidable engagement configured to support a second cartridge in the second cartridge compartment. The first frame and the second frame maintain a predetermined distance between the first cartridge and the second cartridge when engaged with each other.

[0035] In another example ("Example 29") that is further developed relative to Example 28, the first frame or the second frame is constructed to support the first box or the second box by providing at least one of the following: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the first box or the second box rests, (b) a frame channel through which a protrusion of the first box or the second box is set, and / or (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the first box or the second box.

[0036] In another example ("Example 30") further relative to Example 28, the device also includes a first cartridge removably disposed in a first cartridge compartment of the first frame, and a second cartridge removably disposed in a second cartridge compartment of the second frame.

[0037] In another example ("Example 31") further than Examples 28-30, the predetermined distance is 1 mm to 5 cm.

[0038] In another example ("Example 32") further than Examples 27-31, the opposing walls include a mesh structure.

[0039] In another example ("Example 33") further than any of Examples 27-31, the opposing wall includes a screen having a mesh formed using a fiber material.

[0040] In another example ("Example 34") further relative to any one of Examples 27-30, the device also includes a 3rd frame having a 3rd relative wall, the 3rd relative wall defining a 3rd box compartment disposed between the 3rd relative wall. The 3rd relative wall has an inner surface limiting a slidable engagement, the slidable engagement being configured to support the 3rd box in the 3rd box compartment.

[0041] In another example ("Example 35") that is further developed relative to Example 34, the third frame is constructed to support the third box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the third box rests, (b) a frame channel through which a protrusion of the third box is set, and / or (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the third box.

[0042] In another example further than example 34 ("Example 36"), the device further comprises a third cartridge removably disposed in a third cartridge compartment of the third frame. When the first frame and the third frame are engaged with each other, another predetermined distance is maintained between the first cartridge and the third cartridge.

[0043] In another example (“Example 37”) further than Example 36, the other predetermined distance is the same as the predetermined distance.

[0044] In another example ("Example 38") further than Example 36, the device further comprises a fourth frame and a fourth box. The fourth frame has a fourth relative wall, which defines a fourth box compartment disposed between the fourth relative walls. The fourth relative wall has an inner surface that limits a slidable engagement, which is configured to support the fourth box in the fourth box compartment. The fourth box is removably disposed in the fourth box compartment of the fourth frame. The first frame and the fourth frame maintain another predetermined distance between the first box and the fourth box when engaged with each other.

[0045] In another example ("Example 39") that is further developed relative to Example 38, the fourth frame is constructed to support the fourth box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the fourth box rests, (b) a frame channel through which a protrusion of the fourth box is set, and / or (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the fourth box.

[0046] In another example (“Example 40”) further than Example 38, the further predetermined distance is the same as one or more of the predetermined distance or the further predetermined distance.

[0047] In one example (“Example 41”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving information about dispersing a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; initiating a method for separating a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the separation method includes using the apparatus of any of Examples 1-40; and initiating reporting of data about the second quantity.

[0048] In one example (“Example 42”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving information about a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide; separating a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the separation method includes using an apparatus of any of Examples 1-40; and reporting data about the second quantity.

[0049] In one example (“Example 43”), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: transmitting information about dispersing a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; requesting initiation of a method for separating a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the separation method includes using an apparatus of any of Examples 1-40; and receiving a report of data regarding the second quantity.

[0050] In one example (“Example 44”), a method of removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving a first electronic communication from a computing device, the first electronic communication including information about dispersing a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; initiating separation of a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location by a carbon capture device, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the carbon capture device is the device of any of Examples 1-40; and initiating reporting of data related to the carbon capture device regarding the second quantity, wherein the data forms part of the second electronic communication.

[0051] In another example ("Example 45") further than Example 44, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to a computing device.

[0052] In another example ("Example 46") further than Example 44 or 45, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to an additional computing device.

[0053] In one example ("Example 47"), a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving a first electronic communication from a computing device, the first electronic communication including information about a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide; separating a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by a carbon capture device, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the carbon capture device is the device of any of Examples 1-40; and reporting as a second electronic communication, a data report related to the carbon capture device and regarding the second quantity.

[0054] In another example ("Example 48") further than Example 47, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to a computing device.

[0055] In another example ("Example 49") further than Example 47 or 48, the second electronic communication is configured to be transmitted to an additional computing device.

[0056] In another example (“Example 50”) further relative to a method for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the method includes: transmitting a first electronic communication to a computing device, the first electronic communication including information about dispersing a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; requesting separation of a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location by a carbon capture device, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the carbon capture device is the device of any of Examples 1-40; and receiving a second electronic communication including an instruction to report data associated with the carbon capture device about the second quantity.

[0057] In another example ("Example 51") further than Example 50, a second electronic communication is received from the computing device.

[0058] In another example ("Example 52") further than Example 50 or 51, a second electronic communication is received in response to transmitting the first electronic communication.

[0059] In one example (“Example 53”), a method of removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: receiving information about dispersing a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; initiating separation of a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the separating includes using an apparatus of any of Examples 1-40 and initiating reporting data about the second quantity.

[0060] In one example (“Example 54”), a method of removing gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere includes: transmitting information about dispersing a first quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a first location; requesting separation of a second quantity of gaseous carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a second location, the second quantity being at least a portion of the first quantity, wherein the separation includes using an apparatus of any of Examples 1-40; and receiving a report of data regarding the second quantity.

[0061] The foregoing examples are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting or otherwise narrowing the scope of any inventive concept otherwise provided in this disclosure. Although a number of examples are disclosed, still other examples will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative examples. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive in nature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0063] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct air capture (DAC) device having a single cartridge with a sorbent article disposed therein, viewed from an angle, according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0064] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a DAC device having a plurality of cartridges in a stacked configuration according to embodiments disclosed herein, viewed from an angle, with an adsorbent article disposed therein.

[0065] Figure 3A FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an empty box for a DAC device according to an embodiment disclosed herein, viewed from a certain angle.

[0066] Figure 3B According to the embodiment disclosed in this article, it is observed from a certain angle Figure 3A An enlarged view of a portion of an empty box.

[0067] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an empty box for a DAC device according to an embodiment disclosed herein, viewed from the side.

[0068] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a box for a DAC device according to an embodiment disclosed herein, viewed from a certain angle.

[0069] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a box for a DAC device according to an embodiment disclosed herein, viewed from a certain angle.

[0070] Figure 7 The use of the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the box of the structure observed from a certain angle.

[0071] Figure 8A In a stacked configuration according to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 7 Schematic diagram of multiple boxes viewed from a certain angle.

[0072] Figure 8B In a stacked configuration according to the embodiments disclosed herein Figure 8A An enlarged view of a portion of the box viewed from the side.

[0073] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage process for adsorption and desorption, with the direction of fluid transport shown relative to the adsorbent assembly, according to embodiments disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions and Terminology

[0074] This disclosure is not intended to be read in a limiting manner.For example, the terms used in this application should be read broadly in the context of the meaning that one skilled in the art would attribute to such terms.

[0075] Regarding imprecise terms, the terms "about" and "approximately" are used interchangeably to refer to a measurement value including the measurement value and also any measurement value that is reasonably (fairly) close to the measurement value. As understood and easily determined by a person skilled in the relevant art, a measurement value that is reasonably (fairly) close to the measurement value deviates from the measurement value by a reasonably small amount. Such deviations may be due to, for example, measurement errors, differences in the calibration of the measurement value and / or manufacturing equipment, human error in reading and / or setting the measurement value, fine-tuning performed to optimize performance and / or structural parameters taking into account differences in the measurement value associated with other components, specific implementation scenarios, imprecise adjustment and / or manipulation of the object by a person or machine, and / or the like. Where it is determined that a person skilled in the relevant art would not easily determine a value for such a reasonably small difference, the terms "about" and "approximately" may be understood to be the stated value ±10%.

[0076] Additionally, the term "direct air capture (DAC) device" is defined to include examples having a single DAC cassette and multiple DAC cassettes (e.g., in a stacked configuration, as further explained herein). The term "DAC cassette" may include a single frame (any suitable framework having a shape and dimensions defining a structure, as further explained herein) that is at least partially filled with a composite article of adsorbent material and that may be used to capture CO2 directly from the atmosphere. A DAC device may also be referred to as a carbon capture device that is capable of performing any method of separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air. It should be understood that each of the DAC device, the single DAC cassette, and the multiple DAC cassettes may include a cassette holding adsorbent material without a frame, a cassette holding adsorbent material with a frame that provides a portion of structural support for the cassette, and a cassette holding adsorbent with a connected frame that structurally supports the cassette. Description of various embodiments

[0077] The present disclosure relates to devices for direct air capture (DAC) for adsorbing and separating one or more desired species from a source stream, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) from a dilute feed stream such as air. Such DAC devices may also be used in other adsorbent methods and applications. These methods include, but are not limited to, adsorbing species from various inputs, including other gaseous feed streams (e.g., combustion exhaust) and liquid feed streams (e.g., seawater). The adsorbed species is not limited to CO2. Other adsorbed species may include, but are not limited to, other gas molecules (e.g., N2, CH4, and CO), liquid molecules, and solutes. In some embodiments, the input may be dilute, containing on the order of parts per million (ppm) of the adsorbed species.

[0078] Examples of articles and techniques for DAC include the use of articles comprising a substrate, such as a monomer, that can support or be coated with an adsorbent material. Various variations can be created by varying the type of substrate and the adsorbent used. However, these previously established articles and methods have limitations in their ability to efficiently cycle between adsorption and desorption states. They also have limitations regarding the energy required to perform the process.

[0079] In many cases, swing adsorption (pressure swing adsorption) is a very energy-intensive process. Whether it is pressure swing, temperature swing or humidity swing, energy is required during many operating stages.

[0080] As an example, in temperature-vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) for direct air capture (DAC) of CO₂, the adsorption step may require a fan to force large volumes of air through an air contactor, such as a ceramic monolith or a plate pack having a series of adjacent plates with spaces between them. When the operator deems it useful to begin desorption (typically when the contactor has adsorbed a certain amount of CO₂), the fan can be turned off or deactivated to terminate the adsorption phase.

[0081] Once the adsorption phase is complete, the module's inlet and outlet are closed, providing a seal for negative pressure. Next, a vacuum can be applied to evacuate the air within the module, and steam can be applied to raise the temperature to a point where the adsorbent releases CO2. This CO2 is then pumped out of the module space and further processed to remove humidity. In the above process, the desorption step requires a large amount of energy to heat and then cool the module. During desorption, the temperature in the entire module volume must be raised from ambient temperature (which can be very low depending on the geographic location) to a temperature that facilitates the removal of CO2 from the adsorbent. In many cases, steam is used to increase the temperature because it is efficient at transferring heat to the substance. The present invention aims to improve the efficiency of DAC systems by providing modules that can have variable volumes. For example, during the adsorption step, the air contactor or module can have a volume that allows air to flow through at very low pressure, thereby promoting the adsorption of CO2, and during the desorption step, the air contactor or module can have at least a second, reduced volume, which saves energy by reducing the amount of volume required to increase the temperature. Reducing the volume will also reduce the energy required to apply the negative pressure, although in some cases the negative pressure may be the force causing the volume reduction.

[0082] Similarly, in both wet swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption processes, the desorption step is typically the most energy intensive. In wet swing adsorption, energy is used to move moisture (water vapor) to the contactor, and once the CO2 is desorbed from the contactor, energy is used to dry the contactor. In pressure swing adsorption, energy is used to apply pressure to the adsorbent to cause the CO2 to be released from the adsorbent. In both cases, it may also be beneficial to provide an air contactor or module that can have a variable volume configuration. Current air contactors and modules are deficient in this regard.

[0083] Figure 1A DAC device 100 according to examples disclosed herein is shown. The DAC device 100 is a carbon capture device that includes a plurality of adsorbent material composite articles 106 capable of facilitating adsorption and desorption of one or more components of a feed stream (not shown) during each adsorption and desorption cycle. The feed stream may be air passing through the DAC device, and the one or more components may include, for example, CO2 or any other gas molecules described above. In some examples, desorbing the articles 106 may include immersing the articles 106 in a desorption source such as water (or alternatively, using steam or heat as a desorption source in some examples) to desorb the CO2.

[0084] The article 106 can be held in place (fixed in place) within a DAC device 100 (also referred to herein as a "DAC assembly") using a frame 102, a support structure, or a frame structure that includes a plurality of surfaces 104 that allow a fluid, such as a desorption medium, to pass through the surfaces during the adsorption / desorption process as described above. The desorption medium referred to herein can include one or more of the following: hot liquid, steam, saturated steam, superheated liquid, or any substance that transfers heat, as further disclosed in U.S. Application No. 18 / 234,014 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The DAC device 100 includes a DAC cassette 101. The height "H" of the DAC cassette 101 can depend on the total number of cassettes that can be implemented to form a DAC device or DAC assembly, which DAC device or assembly will be contained or implemented in any suitable DAC reactor (not shown). The article 106 can be inserted or disposed in and supported by the frame 102 to form a DAC cassette 101, which can be mounted in a DAC reactor in any suitable configuration as further described herein. In some examples, the frame 102 can be provided to support the DAC cassette 101 using, for example, at least one of: (a) frame rails on which the edge surfaces of the article or cassette can rest, (b) frame channels through which the protrusions of the article or cassette can be disposed, and / or (c) frame surfaces configured to support the weight of the article or cassette. In further examples, the support of the DAC cassette 101 provided by the frame 102 and / or the engagement between the article or cassette 101 and the support frame 102 can include a sliding support or sliding engagement, can include the ability to slide the article or cassette 101 into and out of the frame 102 to provide more access to or inspection of the article or cassette, and can include a selective locking feature or motion inhibitor device that can be engaged to prevent movement between the frame 102 and the supported article or cassette 101 when desired. The DAC reactors described herein may include those as further disclosed in International Publication Nos. WO 2021 / 239747 (Climeworks AG) and WO 2023 / 104656 (Climeworks AG), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0085] The frame 102 can define a plurality of faces 104, each of which is defined by a wall 108 arranged to form each face 104. The wall 108 can be a filter, screen, or mesh construction having a plurality of openings therethrough, can be a continuous wall construction having a series of passages therethrough formed by circular or irregular holes through the wall 108 or by deformations in the wall such as louvers, and can be a combination of solid wall portions having no passages or holes therethrough and permeable portions having passages or holes therethrough. In some examples, the wall 108 can be a screen having a mesh formed using a fibrous material. Figure 1 In the preferred embodiment shown, a portion of the frame 102 supports each wall 108, wherein each wall 108 is a mesh having channels that allow fluid communication between the interior of the cassette 101 and the surrounding reactor environment or between adjacent cassettes 101. The cassettes 101 may be configured as follows: Figure 2 In one example, when the frame 102 is as shown in FIG. Figure 1 , four (4) of the six (6) faces 104 in the rectangular prism may have walls 108 so that the article 106 may be inserted into the interior or interior volume of the frame 102 through the two (2) open faces that do not have walls 108. In these examples, the "edges" of the rectangular prism are defined by the frame 102. In some examples, only one (1) face may be open and not covered by walls 108 to provide additional protection for the article 106. The walls 108 may help contain the article 106 while allowing the desorption medium to pass through. In some examples, the walls 108 may include a mesh, a combination of meshes, or a mesh structure. In some examples, the walls 108 may include fibers and / or membrane materials. In some examples, the cross-section of the DAC box 101 may resemble a parallelogram, a rectangle, a square, or any other suitable polygon. In some examples, the height H of each box may be approximately 180 mm. In some examples, the height H can be 100 mm to 200 mm, 200 mm to 300 mm, 300 mm to 500 mm, 500 mm to 700 mm, 700 mm to 1 m, 1 m to 1.5 m, 1.5 m to 2 m, or any other suitable range therebetween, which can vary depending on the various sizes and internal structures of the DAC reactor in which the DAC cassette is to be installed. In some examples, the frame 102 can also include one or more rails on which the edge surfaces of the article 106 or cassette 101 can rest. In some examples, the frame 102 can also include a frame channel through which a protrusion of the article 106 or cassette 101 can be positioned. In some examples, the frame 102 can also include a frame surface configured to support the weight of the article 106 or cassette 101.

[0086] Figure 2A plurality of DAC cartridges 101 are shown that can be stacked to form a stacked configuration in a multi-cartridge DAC device (eg, each DAC cartridge can be as shown). Figure 1 10). The DAC device 100 includes a plurality of cartridges 101, each cartridge 101 having a frame 102, a wall 108, and an adsorbent article 106 mounted therein. In forming a multi-cartridge structure or assembly for a DAC device 100, each cartridge 101 can be stacked on top of and alongside another cartridge 101 of the same or similar size, shape, and / or form (e.g., similar size), and the DAC device 100 can be placed within a DAC reactor. As can be appreciated, the stacked configuration of cartridges is preferably mechanically (physically) stable and capable of maintaining the stacked configuration throughout the cycle of the DAC process. The stacked configuration can include adjacent cartridges mechanically and / or slidably coupled to each other (in mechanical engagement and / or slidable engagement, respectively) to maintain the arrangement of the stacked configuration, and can also include a reversible coupling joint that allows adjacent cartridges to be coupled to each other when desired, and allows adjacent cartridges to be uncoupled to allow the cartridges to be repositioned in the stacked configuration.

[0087] In some examples, each cartridge 101 (in the adsorbent article 106) may contain an adsorbent material of a different type than one or more other cartridges 101. In some examples, the adsorbent article 106 may be formed into a sheet or sheet or the shape of an adsorbent material, which may be flexible or rigid, and may be inserted into the frame 102 to form a DAC cartridge 101, such as further disclosed in International Publication Nos. WO 2022 / 187730 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.) and WO 2022 / 187733 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. In some examples, each cartridge 101 may have such an adsorbent sheet (material) that is arranged differently from one or more other cartridges 101. In some examples, the spacing between adjacent adsorbent articles 106 may be different for one or more cartridges 101, for example, to accommodate different airflow patterns within the DAC reactor. In some examples, different numbers and stacking configurations of multiple cartridges 101 may be implemented depending on the size or internal dimensions of the DAC reactor.

[0088] In some examples, such as when replacing old(er) adsorbent material(s) contained within a DAC cartridge 101 with new(er) adsorbent material(s), each individual DAC cartridge 101 may be removed from the multi-cartridge DAC device 100 and replaced with another cartridge 101. Removal and replacement of the DAC cartridges 101 may be performed without removing the entire DAC device 100 from within the DAC reactor, such that if only one cartridge needs to be removed, it may be removed (and subsequently replaced) without affecting one or more other cartridges forming the multi-cartridge DAC device 100. Removal of the cartridge 101 from the DAC device 100 may involve decoupling or disengaging from a stacked configuration and / or a sliding engagement between the cartridge 101 and the frame 102. In the example shown, the overall height of the DAC device 100 may be 360 mm so as to be sized for a 36 cm reactor, but the DAC device may alternatively be scaled to accommodate larger or smaller reactors as known in the art. Furthermore, while Figure 2 Only four (4) cassettes are shown, but it should be understood that any number of cassettes may be installed or implemented to suit a DAC reactor.

[0089] The adsorbent material referred to herein may include any suitable carbon dioxide adsorbent material, which may include, but is not limited to, ion exchange resins (e.g., strongly basic anion exchange resins such as Dowex available from The Dow Chemical Company). TM Marathon TM A resin), zeolite, activated carbon, alumina, metal-organic framework, polyethyleneimine (PEI), or other suitable carbon dioxide adsorbent materials, such as desiccant, carbon molecular sieve, carbon adsorbent, graphite, activated alumina, molecular sieve, aluminophosphate, silicoaluminophosphate, zeolite adsorbent, ion exchange zeolite, hydrophilic zeolite, hydrophobic zeolite, modified zeolite, natural zeolite, faujasite, clinoptilolite, mordenite, metal exchange silicoaluminophosphate, monopolar resin, bipolar resin, aromatic cross-linked polystyrene matrix, brominated aromatic matrix, methacrylate copolymer, graphite adsorbent, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes

[0014] The invention also provides nanotubes, nanomaterials, metal salt adsorbents, perchlorates, oxalates, alkaline earth metal particles, ETS, CTS, metal oxides, chemical adsorbents, amines, organo-metallic reactants, hydrotalcites, silicalite (silica zeolites), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbent compounds, and combinations thereof, for example, as further disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 18 / 199,506 (WL Gore & Associates, Inc.), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0090] Figure 3A and3B An example of a frame 102 is shown in which walls 108 cover some of the faces 104 of the structure 102. Note that the front face shown is not covered by any filter so as to provide an entry point for the adsorbent article in the form of an open face 300 (or multiple open faces, as the case may be) in the frame 102. In some examples, the open face 300 may at least partially define or further include a frame channel through which a protrusion of the article 106 or box 101 may be configured to pass. In some examples, the frame 102 may be formed using multiple frame components that are attached, affixed or fastened together. The frame 102 may include a plurality of fastening members 302, which may include but are not limited to, for example, rivets, screws, spot welds, wires or fibers and / or adhesives to maintain the structural integrity of the frame 102. The fastening members 302 may also be configured or used to attach, affix or fasten the walls 108 to the frame 102. In some examples, such as Figure 3B As shown in , some fastening members 302 can be provided on the inner side of the frame 102. In some examples, the fastening members 302 can be formed as or further include frame rails, on which the edge surfaces of the articles 106 or boxes 101 can rest.

[0091] Figure 4 A frame 102 is shown having a face 104 covered by a wall 108. The wall 108 can be a separate component (e.g., having its own supporting structure or framework) that is attached, affixed, or fastened to the frame 102 using fastening members 302, or the wall 108 can be disposed between the frames 102 in a floating arrangement defined by supporting frame 102 components, allowing the wall 108 to move slightly as permitted by the surrounding (surrounding) frame 102 or fastening members 302. A filter or filter component can be supported by the frame, which can be square or any other suitable shape, such as rectangular, circular, oval, polygonal, etc. The wall 108 can be configured to achieve different results. For example, the wall 108 implemented in one DAC cassette 101 can have different physical properties than a filter implemented in another DAC cassette. The physical properties can include the size of the opening in the filter, the thickness of the filter, the weight of the filter, the durability of the filter, the rigidity or flexibility of the filter, or any other properties that may affect the performance of the DAC cassette. In some examples, the filters of different DAC cassettes can be made of different materials.

[0092] The wall 108 can be formed using any suitable material, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), expanded polyethylene (ePE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any other suitable porous material. For example, the porous material can be rigid or flexible, such as ceramic, cellulose or carbon fiber. In some examples, the porous material can be a porous polymer. It will be understood that non-woven materials such as nanospun, meltblown, spunbond and porous cast film can be various other suitable porous polymer forms. The wall 108 can be expanded by stretching the material under controlled temperature and controlled stretching rate, thereby causing the material to become fibrillated. After expansion, the wall 108 may include a microstructure consisting of a plurality of nodes and a plurality of fibrils, which connect adjacent nodes to include pores bounded by the fibrils and nodes. An exemplary node and fibril microstructure is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,953,566 to WL Gore & Associates, Inc., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The pores in the wall 108 can be considered as micropores. The micropores may have a single pore size or a distribution of multiple pore sizes. In certain embodiments, the average pore size may be in the range of from 0.1 microns to 100 microns.

[0093] Figure 5 and Figure 6 A U-shaped support structure 500 is shown (having two opposing vertical walls 108A and 108B held in a parallel arrangement by an interposed horizontal wall 108C therebetween, defining a "U"-shaped configuration when viewed from one end). In some examples disclosed herein, the support structure 500 can be a portion of the frame 102 (or a subcomponent thereof). In some examples, at least a portion of the support structure or wall (such as the interposed horizontal wall 108C) can at least partially define a frame surface configured to support the weight of the article 106 or cartridge 101. The space or interior surface of the frame 102 disposed between the opposing walls 108A and 108B defines a compartment for the DAC cartridge 101, such that the adsorbent article 106 of the cartridge 101 can be slidably disposed within the compartment, also referred to as a "cartridge compartment." The U-shaped structure 500 can be made from a single, continuous piece of material, such as metal (e.g., including but not limited to aluminum, to provide low thermal mass for the cartridge 101 while occupying minimal cross-sectional area) or plastic / polymer. In a single continuous sheet configuration, the single continuous sheet is bent (curved) or undergoes permanent deformation to provide a shape similar to an angled (chamfered) U-shaped configuration. In some examples, the corners of the U-shaped structure 500 can be curved (chamfered) or rounded to achieve structural integrity or avoid creating corners that could damage adjacent structures. In some examples, the metal forming the U-shaped structure 500 can include, but is not limited to, aluminum and steel.

[0094] exist Figure 5In the embodiment of the present invention, the U-shaped structure 500 has a wall 108 with a plurality of holes or perforations 502 that can allow a fluid, such as a desorption medium, to pass through the holes or perforations. In some examples, the U-shaped structure 500 does not have any filter or mesh member(s), as the perforations 502 allow the fluid to pass therethrough, while the non-perforated portion of the U-shaped structure 500 is used to retain the adsorbent article 106 disposed therein. In some examples, the perforations 502 are circular, oval, or polygonal in shape, as appropriate. In some examples, the perforations 502 have a maximum cross-sectional length (or diameter if the perforations are circular) of 1 to 5 mm, 5 to 10 mm, 10 to 15 mm, 15 to 20 mm, or any other suitable value or range therebetween. In some examples, the maximum cross-sectional length of each perforation 502 can be 1% to 5%, 5 to 10%, 10 to 15%, 15 to 20%, or any other suitable value or range therebetween, relative to the width "W" of the cartridge. In any such examples, the holes or perforations 502 can be shaped differently to optimize the cross-sectional area for fluid cross-flow.

[0095] exist Figure 6 In, with Figure 5 The size of the single through hole 502 is smaller than that of the Figure 5 Compared to the perforations 502 of the illustrated example, they occupy Figure 6 In some examples, the maximum cross-sectional length of the perforations 502 can be 20 mm to 25 mm, 25 mm to 30 mm, 30 mm to 35 mm, 35 mm to 40 mm, or any other suitable value or range therebetween. In some examples, the maximum cross-sectional length of each perforation 502 can be 20% to 25%, 25% to 30%, 30% to 35%, 35% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80%, 80% to 90% of the box width "W", or any other suitable value or range therebetween. In some examples, the combined surface area occupied by all of the perforations 502 within the wall 108 or a portion of the wall 108 may occupy at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%, but less than 100%, of the total surface area of the wall 108 defining the corresponding perforations 502 of the structure 500. Additionally, Figure 6 The U-shaped structure 500 may include walls 108 arranged along an interior portion of the U-shaped structure to retain the sorbent article 106 disposed therein. The walls 108 may be included to provide cross-flow benefits and to simplify the manufacturing process.

[0096] Figure 71 m, 1 m to 1.5 m, 1.5 m to 2 m, 100 mm to 2 m, or any other suitable range therebetween, which may vary depending on the various sizes and internal structures of the DAC reactor in which the DAC cartridge is to be installed.

[0097] The rods 700 can be formed of the same material as the U-shaped structure 500, or a different material, as desired. The rods 700 are arranged to extend the entire width (W) of the U-shaped structure 500 at or near the top end to provide support for any cassettes that may be stacked on the frame 102 in a stacked configuration of the DAC device 100. Figure 8A An example of a stacked configuration is shown in FIG, wherein multiple structures 500 are stacked side by side along the width (W) and height (H) directions of the structures. In some examples (not shown), the structures may also be stacked side by side along the length (L) direction of the structures. The rods 700 may be removable to facilitate assembly of the adsorbent within the cartridge 101 or assembly of the cartridge 101 within the structure 500. The rods 700 may be sufficiently strong or rigid to support one or more DAC cartridges 101 disposed thereon when implemented in a stacked configuration with the multiple DAC cartridges 101 being vertically oriented in the height (H) direction. For example, the rods 700 may have a round (circular or oval), rectangular, or polygonal cross-section. Each rod 700 may have a maximum cross-sectional length of 5 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 15 mm, 15 mm to 20 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, 25 mm to 30 mm, 30 mm to 35 mm, 35 mm to 40 mm, or any other suitable value or range therebetween. Materials that may be used to form rod 700 include, but are not limited to, carbon fiber, wood, plastic, and / or metals such as aluminum and steel, for example.

[0098] Figure 8A Nine (9) frame structures 102 are shown in a stacked configuration such that the bottom portion of a U-shaped structure 500 rests on the top portion of another U-shaped structure 500 disposed below, with rods 700 extending from one end of the U-shaped structure 500 to the other. In some examples, based on Figure 7In the example shown, the height H may be 1 m, the length L may be 800 mm, and the width W may be 1 m.

[0099] Figure 8B The U-shaped structure 500A is shown having a rounded bottom corner 800 that rests on the top portion of a U-shaped structure 500B disposed below the structure 500A, such that the flanged upper lip 802 and rod 700 of the bottom structure 500B support the rounded bottom corner 800 of the top structure 500A to reduce misalignment of the two structures 500A and 500B relative to each other in a vertically stacked configuration. In some examples, the rounded bottom corner 800 of the structure 500A has a curvature coupled with the flanged upper lip 802 and rod 700 extending across the top portion of the structure 500B. In some examples, each of the U-shaped structures 500A and 500B can have the same structure to achieve uniformity and positional interchangeability within the DAC device 100. In some examples, rods 700 positioned across the top portion of the U-shaped structure 500 can define a sliding engagement between the cassettes 101 and the structure 500 to facilitate sliding (one or more) cassettes 101 into and out of the structure 500 and / or the DAC reactor, for example after a multi-cassette structure is installed within a DAC reactor, while still providing structural support for the remaining cassettes 101.

[0100] In some examples, one or more engagement surfaces of the frame 102 can be at least partially defined by one or more of the wall(s) 108, the structure(s) 500, the rod(s) 700, and / or the corner(s) 800, and any components therein. The first engagement surface of the first frame can engage with the second engagement surface of the second frame such that the engagement therebetween can maintain a predetermined distance (PD1) between the first box supported by the first frame and the second box supported by the second frame. The first engagement surface can be provided on the first frame to define the position of the second engagement surface when the second frame engages with the first frame.

[0101] Although a first frame and a second frame are mentioned in the above examples, it should be understood that the frame can be engaged with multiple additional frames. For example, the first frame can include another / additional first engagement surface separated from the above-mentioned first engagement surface, and the third frame can have a third engagement surface that engages with the another / additional first engagement surface of the first frame. The engagement maintains another predetermined distance (PD2) between the boxes supported by the first frame and the third frame, wherein the another predetermined distance (PD2) can be the same as or different from the predetermined distance (PD1) maintained between the two boxes supported by the first frame and the second frame.

[0102] Furthermore, the first frame may comprise a further / additional additional first engagement surface which is separated from both the first engagement surface and the further / additional first engagement surface, and the fourth frame may have a fourth engagement surface such that the further / additional first engagement surface of the first frame and the fourth engagement surface of the fourth frame may form engagement with each other. The engagement maintains a further predetermined distance (PD3) between the boxes supported by the first frame and the fourth frame, wherein the further predetermined distance (PD3) may be the same as or different from the predetermined distance (PD1) maintained between the two boxes supported by the first frame and the second frame and / or another predetermined distance (PD2) maintained between the two boxes supported by the first frame and the third frame.

[0103] For example, any one or more of the predetermined distances PD1, PD2 or PD3 can be zero, or alternatively between 0 and 1 mm, 1 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 7 mm, 7 mm to 1 cm, 1 cm to 2 cm, 2 cm to 3 cm, 3 cm to 4 cm, 4 cm to 5 cm, 1 mm to 5 cm, or any other suitable value or combination of ranges therebetween. The predetermined distances PD1, PD2 and PD3 can be measured between the outer surfaces of the various components that define the joining surface in question. For example, such surfaces can include the outer surfaces of frame components, walls, U-shaped structures, tubes / rods and / or corners, etc. In some embodiments, the predetermined distances PD1, PD2, PD3 can be the distances between corresponding boxes supported by a joining frame, wherein the frames are adjacent to each other. In other embodiments, the predetermined distances of the corresponding boxes can be the same as the distances between the parts of the supporting frames associated with these boxes. In other embodiments, the predetermined distances can be greater than the distances between the corresponding frames supporting these boxes.

[0104] Advantageously, the cassette design disclosed herein allows for different configurations, modularity, and configurability based on different requirements in a DAC reactor. The framework of each cassette can advantageously provide support for adsorbent materials that may not be self-supporting. The cassette design as disclosed herein also facilitates gas flow, including cross flow if desired.

[0105] like Figure 9As shown in FIG, the cross flow of the DAC device 100 is defined by two stages. In a first adsorption stage (stage 1), air enters a box filled with an adsorbent article (adsorbent assembly) in a first direction indicated by a horizontal arrow, which is shown as a cube in the figure. During the first stage, carbon dioxide from the incoming air is captured within the adsorbent assembly. In a second desorption stage (stage 2) following stage 1, the desorption medium enters the box in a second direction indicated by a vertical arrow. The vertical and horizontal directions can be interchangeable. The box or adsorbent assembly can be cycled between stage 1 and stage 2 so that a subsequent stage 1 after stage 2 can facilitate drying the adsorbent assembly, which during stage 2 may be wet or damp due to the application of the desorption medium (e.g., steam).

[0106] Advantageously, the cartridge design disclosed herein can also facilitate removal and replacement, facilitate coating of the adsorbent material / article within the cartridge (which may be subject to shrinkage), and / or facilitate handling of the DAC device. Furthermore, the cartridge design is not predetermined for a particular reactor design, which allows for implementation of different numbers, combinations, and configurations of cartridges in a DAC reactor, depending on user preference or as appropriate. In some examples, benefits include reducing the size of the cartridge to improve its manufacturability and / or providing the ability to adapt to reactors of varying sizes, providing additional flexibility / modularity in the design. Carbon dioxide removal service providers

[0107] Also disclosed herein are methods of removing gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere using any suitable means, method, process, or apparatus for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) removal as disclosed herein or as known in the art. In some examples, a carbon dioxide removal service provider can be a person, apparatus, atmospheric treatment facility, carbon dioxide removal plant, software, an internet site, an electronic interface, an organizational or corporate agent or entity (which may include a control center, a headquarters, a data management center, an intermediate data collection or processing center, or a facilitating organization that provides information and / or control functions or services to the provider), or an electronic device or display associated with or accessible to the provider that can receive and / or learn about dispersing a first amount of gaseous CO2 into the atmosphere at a first location. The information may be complete, partial, derived, or summarized, and may be received in the form of an electronic display, electronic alert, notification, or other electronic communication (e.g., an email message, telephone call, or video call), and may include digital data representing the amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed at the first location (e.g., in tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., in tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.), as well as data related to the first location, such as the name of a city and / or country, a GPS location, weather information, etc. In some examples, the information may be in the form of an electronic communication (e.g., a first electronic communication) including information regarding the dispersion of a first amount of gaseous CO2 into the atmosphere at the first location, which may be received from and / or provided to a computing and / or electronic display device.

[0108] The carbon dioxide removal service provider may initiate immediate or subsequent separation of a second quantity of gaseous CO2, or a process for separating a second quantity of gaseous CO2, at a second location that may be different from the first location. The second location may be located remotely from the first location, for example, when the first location is located in a densely populated commercial area, while the second location is near a geothermal or other hazardous energy source that powers the separation process at the second location. The second quantity may be at least a fraction of the first quantity, such as 0% to 10%, 10% to 20%, 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80%, 80% to 90%, 90% to 100%, or any other suitable value, combination, or range therebetween. The second quantity may be a fraction or all of the first quantity, and the second quantity may be associated with a partial delivery of carbon removal services involving multiple separation cycles. The separation may include any suitable method or process as disclosed herein, or use any suitable apparatus as disclosed herein. In some examples, separation can be initiated by sending or transmitting an instruction or confirmation to a location capable of performing such separation. In some examples, separation can be performed by a carbon capture device capable of performing any method of separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air, as disclosed herein. In some examples, the distance from the first location to the second location can be 100km to 200km, 200km to 500km, 500km to 800km, 800km to 1000km, 1000km to 2000km, 2000km to 3000km, 3000km to 4000km, 4000km to 5000km, 5000km to 6000km, 6000km to 7000km, 7000km to 8000km, 8000km to 9000km, 9000km to 10000km, 10000km to 15000km, 15000km to 20000km, or any other suitable value or range in between.

[0109] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may initiate reporting of data regarding a second quantity to be, being, or already removed from the atmosphere. Initiation may be an initial step taken to begin immediate or subsequent reporting of the data, and may be performed via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, reporting may involve preparing information to be included in such report or subsequent reports, and subsequently sending or transmitting instructions or confirmation to another entity or device capable of initiating or fully executing such reporting. The reported data may relate to a carbon capture device disclosed herein regarding the second quantity. For example, the carbon capture device may generate or provide data related to the separation of the second quantity of gaseous CO2, which may be obtained directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediary entity or device) from the carbon capture device. In some examples, at least a portion of the data generated by the carbon capture device is provided in an electronic communication. As another example, the data may be aggregated or otherwise processed to provide an indication of the data in an electronic communication (e.g., a second electronic communication). In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to a computing or display device. In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to an additional computing or display device that is separate from or distinct from the computing or display device.

[0110] In some examples, a method for removing gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere may involve a carbon dioxide removal service provider (as described above) receiving and / or learning information about a first quantity of gaseous CO2, which may include the dispersion of the gaseous CO2. The information may be complete, partial, derived, or summarized, and may be received in the form of an electronic display, electronic alert, notification, or other electronic communication (e.g., email, phone, or video call), and may include digital data representing the amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed at a first location (e.g., in tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., in tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.), as well as data related to the first location, such as the name of a city and / or country, a GPS location, weather information, etc. The amount may represent the amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed at a location (e.g., in tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., in tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.). In some examples, the information may be received as an electronic communication from another entity or device that sends or transmits instructions for gaseous CO2 removal as disclosed herein. In some examples, an electronic communication (eg, a first electronic communication) includes information regarding the dispersion of a first quantity of gaseous CO 2 , which may be received from and / or provided to a computing and / or electronic display device.

[0111] The carbon dioxide removal service provider may separate or begin separating a second amount of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere, wherein the second amount is at least a fraction of the first amount, such as 0% to 10%, 10% to 20%, 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80%, 80% to 90%, 90% to 100%, or any other suitable value, combination, or range therebetween. The second amount may be a fraction or all of the first amount, and the second amount may be associated with a partial delivery of carbon removal services involving multiple separation cycles. The separation may include any suitable method or process as disclosed herein, or use any suitable apparatus as disclosed herein. In some examples, the separation may be performed by a carbon capture device capable of performing any method of separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air, as disclosed herein.

[0112] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may report data regarding a second quantity to be, being, or already removed from the atmosphere. The reporting of the data may be performed via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, the reporting may be in response to receiving an instruction or confirmation, such as transmitted from another entity or device having the ability to initiate or fully execute such a report. The reported data may be related to a carbon capture device disclosed herein regarding the second quantity. For example, the carbon capture device may generate or provide data related to the separation of the second quantity of gaseous CO2, which may be obtained directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediate entity or device) from the carbon capture device. In an example, at least a portion of the data generated by the carbon capture device is provided in an electronic communication. As another example, the data may be aggregated or otherwise processed to provide an indication of the data in an electronic communication (e.g., a second electronic communication). In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to a computing or display device. In some examples, the second electronic communication may be transmitted to an additional computing or display device that is independent of or different from the computing or display device described above.

[0113] In some examples, a method for removing gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere may involve a carbon dioxide removal service provider (as described above) that may transmit, transmit, or send information regarding the dispersion of a first amount of gaseous CO2 into the atmosphere at a first location. The information may be complete, partial, derived, or summarized, and may be received in the form of an electronic display, electronic alert, notification, or other electronic communication (e.g., an email message, a phone call, or a video call), and may include digital data representing the amount of gaseous CO2 dispersed at the first location (e.g., in tons of CO2) and / or the dispersion rate (e.g., in tons of CO2 per minute, hour, day, etc.), as well as data related to the first location, such as the name of a city and / or country, a GPS location, weather information, etc. The transmission may be an emission and / or sending performed via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless, and may not be received by the intended recipient or any recipients. In some examples, the information can be in the form of an electronic communication (e.g., a first electronic communication) that includes information about dispersing a first amount of gaseous CO2 into the atmosphere at a first location, which can be transmitted, emitted, and / or sent out to a computing device, without such transmission, emission, and / or sending out necessarily being received by any recipient.

[0114] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may request immediate or subsequent separation of a second quantity of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere at a second location, or request a method for separating a second quantity of gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere at the second location. The second location may be located remotely from the first location, for example, when the first location is located in a densely populated commercial area, while the second location is near a geothermal or other hazardous energy source that powers the separation process at the second location. The second quantity may be at least a fraction of the first quantity, such as 0% to 10%, 10% to 20%, 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80%, 80% to 90%, 90% to 100%, or any other suitable value, combination, or range therebetween. The second quantity may be a fraction or all of the first quantity, and the second quantity may be associated with a partial delivery of carbon removal services involving multiple separation cycles. The separation may include any suitable method or process as disclosed herein, or use any suitable apparatus as disclosed herein. The request for separation or initiation of separation can be performed via any suitable electronic communication or data transmission means, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, the request can be initiated by sending, transmitting, or transmitting an instruction to a location capable of initiating or fully performing such separation. In some examples, separation can be performed by a carbon capture device capable of performing any method for separating gaseous CO2 from a gas mixture in the form of ambient air, as disclosed herein. In some examples, the distance from the first location to the second location can be 100km to 200km, 200km to 500km, 500km to 800km, 800km to 1000km, 1000km to 2000km, 2000km to 3000km, 3000km to 4000km, 4000km to 5000km, 5000km to 6000km, 6000km to 7000km, 7000km to 8000km, 8000km to 9000km, 9000km to 10000km, 10000km to 15000km, 15000km to 20000km, or any other suitable value or range in between.

[0115] A carbon dioxide removal service provider may receive a report, an indication of such a report, and / or an indication of the availability of data regarding a second quantity to be, being, or already removed from the atmosphere. Receiving the report may not require manual inspection or review, may be accomplished by simply making the report accessible, even if it is never subsequently reviewed or confirmed, and / or may be performed via any suitable means of electronic communication or data transmission, which may be wired or wireless. In some examples, receiving the report may relate to the second quantity, such as how much gaseous CO2 was separated within a predetermined amount of time, e.g., a day, a week, a month, etc. The reported data may be related to a carbon capture device as disclosed herein with respect to the second quantity. For example, the carbon capture device may generate or provide data related to the separation of the second quantity of gaseous CO2, which data may be obtained directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediary entity or device) from the carbon capture device. In some examples, at least a portion of the data generated by the carbon capture device is provided in an electronic communication. As another example, the data may be aggregated or otherwise processed to provide an indication of the data in an electronic communication (e.g., a second electronic communication). In some examples, the second electronic communication is received from a computing device. In some examples, the second electronic communication is received in response to the transmission of the first electronic communication. In some examples, the second electronic communication is received from the computing or display device in response to the transmission of the first electronic communication to the computing or display device.

[0116] As used herein, "receiving" information should be understood as requiring only one party (or entity, device, etc.) to perform the act of "receiving," thereby not requiring a separate party to perform the act of "sending."

[0117] As used herein, "starting" a separation (or a method of separation) should be understood as the act of "starting," including the initial or completed act of preparing instructions to or sending instructions to another party or device, with the intent to execute or commence a separation process, or to associate an already-initiated separation process with a starting step. For example, the act of "starting" the separation of gaseous CO2 may result in the carbon capture device subsequently receiving, directly or indirectly (e.g., via an intermediary entity or device), the instructions to start the separation, in response to which the carbon capture device operates accordingly. In another example, the act of "starting" the separation of gaseous CO2 (or a method of separating gaseous CO2) may include the carbon dioxide removal service provider associating carbon dioxide that has already been removed from the atmosphere (or is currently in the process of actively removing it) with the subsequent start of the separation. It should be understood that the instructions received by the carbon capture device need not be provided as part of such "starting" operations. Furthermore, for example, the act of "separating" carbon dioxide need not be part of the act of "starting" such separation, such as when the "start" of the separation is performed by a first party, and the subsequent "separation" itself is performed by a second party different from the first party. Furthermore, the act of "separating" need not be completed or fully completed by either the first party or the second party. It should also be understood that an act of commencement may be fully enforceable in one jurisdiction or country even if the confirmation of commencement or acts subsequent to or related to commencement occur in a different jurisdiction or country.

[0118] As used herein, "initiating" a report (e.g., the reporting of data) is to be understood as the act of "initiating," including the initial or complete act of preparing instructions to another party or sending instructions to another party to prepare, begin, or complete a report at a later time. Thus, for example, the act of "reporting" any data is not necessarily part of the act of "initiating" such a report, such as when the "initiation" of the report is performed by a first party (the initiating party), while the "reporting" itself is performed by a second party (the reporting party) that is different from the first party (the initiating party). Furthermore, the act of "reporting" need not be effected or fully completed by either the first party or the second party. It should be understood that the act of initiating may be fully performed in one jurisdiction or country even if confirmation of the initiation or acts subsequent to or related to the initiation occur in different jurisdictions or countries.

[0119] As used herein, "reporting" data should be understood as the act of "reporting" that may only require one party (the reporting party) to perform. Furthermore, the act of "reporting" does not require the other party (the receiving party) to receive (or acknowledge receipt of) such a report. A report can be the display of data or the storage of data in a location accessible to the intended recipient, and even if the intended recipient does not access or review the data, it can still be considered a report.

[0120] As used herein, "transmitting" information should be understood as the act of "transmitting" that may only require one party (the transmitter) to perform. In addition, the act of "transmitting" does not require a recipient (e.g., a receiver) or receipt (e.g., confirmation of receipt) of the transmitted information.

[0121] As used herein, "requesting" separation (or initiating a method of separation) should be understood as an act of "requesting" that may only require one party (the requesting party) to perform. In addition, the act of "separating" required by the act of "requesting" may also be performed by another party (the separating party). In addition, the act of "requesting" may only be intentional or initiated and does not need to be achieved or fully completed (for example, when the act of "requesting" such separation does not result in separation). In one example, the act of "requesting" separation of gaseous CO2 (or initiating a method of separating gaseous CO2) may include the carbon dioxide removal service provider associating carbon dioxide that has been removed from the atmosphere (or is currently in the process of actively removing it) with a subsequent separation request. It will be understood that even if the confirmation of the request or the acts subsequent to the request or acts related to the request occur in different jurisdictions or countries, the act of the request may be fully performed in one jurisdiction or country.

[0122] As used herein, "receiving" a report or report indication is understood to be an act that does not require "receipt" by the sender (e.g., sender). Receipt can be storing data or displaying data in a location accessible to the intended recipient, and can be considered receipt even if the intended recipient does not access or review the data.

[0123] It will be understood that the first quantity, the second quantity, and a portion of the first quantity may be estimates or projected values. It will be further understood that the carbon dioxide gas released or dispersed at the first location may not necessarily include, or be the same as, the CO2 molecules separated or collected at the second location, and that the second mass may be an amount equal to the CO2 that has been released or dispersed. The CO2 in the portion of the first quantity may be in a non-gaseous form. The portion of the first quantity or the portion of the second quantity may refer to carbon dioxide trapped in an adsorbent as disclosed herein, or carbon dioxide that has been stored or otherwise converted to another form. The portion of the first quantity or the second quantity may also include gases other than carbon dioxide. For example, the second quantity may be in a non-gaseous form or in combination with other materials.

[0124] As used herein, a "carbon capture device" refers to any one or more devices as disclosed herein that are capable of separating gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere at the location where the device is installed or located. A carbon capture device may refer to a single device or a plurality of devices, or a facility in which one or more such devices or component devices are incorporated in concert. The device may include, for example, a source(s) of desorption medium and an adsorber(s) structure(s) as disclosed herein. The device may be operated by a user or operator using an electronic device. The device may generate data related to its operation, such as data that may be detected by one or more sensors and / or data that may include log data, among other examples.

[0125] As used herein, an "electronic device" is capable of performing one or more electronic operations, such as a computer, a smartphone, a smart tablet, and the like. An electronic device may include, for example, a display device and / or one or more processing units and one or more storage units. The processing unit may include a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other processor capable of performing such operations. A memory unit may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having one or more programs or instructions stored thereon, which, when run on the processing unit, cause the processing unit or electronic device to perform one or more methods as disclosed herein. A storage unit may include one or more memory chips capable of storing data and allowing (one or more) processing units to access a storage location, such as volatile or non-volatile memory, static or dynamic random access memory, or any variant thereof. In some examples, an electronic device may be referred to as a computing device.

[0126] The technical advantages of using the methods or processes disclosed herein to remove gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere include, but are not limited to, facilitating a network of entities and / or devices that can communicate with other entities and / or devices to remotely provide instructions or facilitate the separation and removal of gaseous CO2 without having to be present at the site to perform the operation. In addition, the processes and methods disclosed herein provide a powerful inter-agency communication network that enables each entity (which may be an organization associated with a physical location) to simultaneously direct or initiate the separation and removal of gaseous CO2 at multiple locations, and to have the ability to flexibly change the location determined to be where the gaseous CO2 is to be separated and removed. The change of location can be performed in real time or near real time, such that, for example, the time delay between providing instructions and performing gaseous CO2 separation at a specified location is minimized. In some examples, the methods or processes disclosed herein provide a flexible communication network in which an entity or device that performs gaseous CO2 separation and removal at a specified location can provide timely reports (e.g., an operational summary and / or bill for services provided) related to the amount of gaseous CO2 removed during a predetermined time period. Such reports may be generated automatically or manually, may be generated at predetermined time intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, etc.), or more flexibly at manually determined intervals (e.g., each time a user or entity requests it), or may be generated in response to reaching or exceeding predetermined thresholds, including but not limited to the amount of gaseous CO2 separated and removed from the atmosphere (e.g., per 1 ton, 5 tons, 10 tons, etc. of gaseous CO2 removed from the atmosphere), and any other suitable conditions determined and agreed upon by, for example, the entities involved.

[0127] Various modifications and additions may be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, while the embodiments described above refer to specific features, the scope of the present disclosure also includes embodiments having different combinations of features and embodiments that do not include all of the described features. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the claims, as well as all their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: a first removable cartridge; as well as a first frame supporting the first removable cartridge and defining a first engagement surface of the first frame, the first engagement surface being disposed on the first frame to define a position of the second engagement surface of the second frame when the second engagement surface is disposed to engage the first engagement surface, wherein the engagement between the first engagement surface and the second engagement surface maintains a predetermined distance between the first removable cartridge and a second removable cartridge supported by the second frame.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: a second removable cartridge; as well as The second frame supports the second removable cartridge and defines a second engagement surface configured to engage the first engagement surface of the first frame to maintain a predetermined distance between the first removable cartridge and the second removable cartridge supported by the second frame.

3. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: a first frame defining a first frame engagement surface, the first frame configured to support a first cartridge; a second frame defining a second engagement surface of the second frame, the second frame being configured to support a second cartridge, wherein the first engaging surface and the second engaging surface maintain a predetermined distance between the first box and the second box when engaging with each other.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The first frame or the second frame is configured to support the first box or the second box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the first box or the second box rests, (b) a frame channel through which the protrusion of the first box or the second box is arranged, and (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the first cassette or the second cassette.

5. The device according to claim 3, wherein Also includes: The first box is removably disposed in the first frame; and The second box is removably disposed in the second frame.

6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that Also included are a plurality of walls supported by the first frame to define at least an interior of the first frame.

7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The first frame defines another first engagement surface of the first frame, the apparatus further comprising: a third frame defining a third engagement surface and configured to support a third cartridge, wherein the third engagement surface and the another first engagement surface maintain another predetermined distance between the first box and the third box when engaging with each other.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The third frame is configured to support the third box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the third box rests, (b) a frame channel through which the protrusion of the third box is disposed, and (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the third box.

9. The device according to claim 7, wherein Also includes: The third box is removably disposed in the third frame.

10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The another predetermined distance is the same as the predetermined distance.

11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The first frame defines a further first engagement surface of the first frame, the apparatus further comprising: a fourth frame defining a fourth engagement surface and configured to support a fourth cartridge, wherein the fourth engagement surface and the further first engagement surface maintain a further predetermined distance between the first box and the fourth box when engaging with each other.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that The fourth frame is configured to support the fourth cartridge by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the fourth box rests, (b) a frame channel through which the protrusion of the fourth box is arranged to pass, and (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the fourth cartridge.

13. The device according to claim 11, wherein Also includes: The fourth box is removably disposed in the fourth frame.

14. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that The further predetermined distance is the same as one or more of the predetermined distance or the further predetermined distance.

15. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: First box; as well as a first frame having a first cartridge compartment defined between opposing walls, each opposing wall including a sliding surface facing the first cartridge compartment, Wherein, the first box is slidably arranged in the first box compartment.

16. A direct air capture (DAC) device comprising: a first frame having a first cartridge compartment defined between first opposing walls, the first opposing walls having inner surfaces defining a slidable joint configured to support a first cartridge in the first cartridge compartment; as well as a second frame having a second cartridge compartment defined between second opposing walls, the second opposing walls having inner surfaces defining a slidable joint configured to support a second cartridge in the second cartridge compartment, wherein the first frame and the second frame maintain a predetermined distance between the first box and the second box when engaged with each other.

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that The first frame or the second frame is configured to support the first box or the second box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the first box or the second box rests, (b) a frame channel through which the protrusion of the first box or the second box is arranged, and (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the first cassette or the second cassette.

18. The device according to claim 16, wherein Also includes: the first cartridge being removably disposed in a first cartridge compartment of the first frame; and The second cartridge is removably disposed in a second cartridge compartment of the second frame.

19. The device according to claim 16, wherein Also includes: A third frame having a third cartridge compartment defined between third opposing walls having inner surfaces defining a slidable joint configured to support a third cartridge in the third cartridge compartment.

20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that The third frame is configured to support the third box by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the third box rests, (b) a frame channel through which the protrusion of the third box is arranged to pass, and (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the third box.

21. The device according to claim 19, wherein Also includes: The third cartridge is removably disposed in a third cartridge compartment of the third frame, Wherein, the first frame and the third frame maintain another predetermined distance between the first box and the third box when engaged with each other.

22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that The another predetermined distance is the same as the predetermined distance.

23. The device according to claim 21, wherein Also includes: a fourth frame having a fourth cartridge compartment defined between fourth opposing walls, the fourth opposing walls having inner surfaces defining a slidable joint configured to support a fourth cartridge in the fourth cartridge compartment; as well as The fourth cartridge is removably disposed in a fourth cartridge compartment of the fourth frame, Wherein, the first frame and the fourth frame maintain a further predetermined distance between the first box and the fourth box when engaged with each other.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that The fourth frame is configured to support the fourth cartridge by providing at least one of: (a) a frame rail on which an edge surface of the fourth box rests, (b) a frame channel through which the protrusion of the fourth box is arranged to pass, and (c) a frame surface configured to support the weight of the fourth cartridge.

25. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that The further predetermined distance is the same as one or more of the predetermined distance or the further predetermined distance.

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