Crop seedling cultivation punching device

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop seedling cultivation perforating device, and relates to the technical field of perforating, the crop seedling cultivation perforating device comprises a fixing frame and moving wheels, the moving wheels are fixedly installed on the surface of the fixing frame, and the moving wheels are driven by a motor; the electric telescopic rod is fixedly mounted at the top of the inner wall of the fixing frame; the fixing plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric telescopic rod, and the electric telescopic rod is used for driving the fixing plate to move downwards; a long plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixing frame, a short rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixing plate, a punching barrel is fixedly installed at the bottom of the short rod, and a connecting plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixing plate. And meanwhile, when the long rod drives the convex block to move upwards, the rotating plate is pushed to rotate upwards, vibration is avoided, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of punching, in particular to a punching device for cultivating crop seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Transplanting rice seedlings is the process of growing crops from seeds into seedlings. Crops are cultivated collectively and then transplanted after they grow into sunny sides. During the transplanting process of seedlings, holes need to be made first so that the seedlings can take root firmly in the soil.

[0003] The patent with patent announcement number CN220674352U relates to a punching device for cultivating crop seedlings, which belongs to the field of mechanical technology. The device includes a mounting frame, a punching piece is installed at the lower end of the mounting frame, and a measuring piece is installed on one side of the punching piece. The punching piece is used to punch holes in the soil, and the measuring piece is used to measure the punching depth of the punching piece. The punching piece includes a cylinder and a punching rotor. The cylinder is installed at the lower end of the mounting frame, and a mounting frame is installed at the output end of the cylinder. A motor is installed at the inner end of the mounting frame. The punching rotor is rotatably installed at the lower end of the mounting frame, and the punching rotor is driven by the motor. The device punches holes in the soil through the punching piece and measures the punching depth while punching through the measuring piece. The punching depth can be measured while drilling, saving the time of additional depth measurement, improving work efficiency, and having high practicality.

[0004] In the above patent, the soil is drilled by a punching member and the drilling depth is measured by a measuring member while drilling. The drilling depth can be measured while drilling, which saves the time for additional depth measurement, improves work efficiency, and has high practicality. However, the soil may get stuck inside the punching member during the drilling process, causing blockage during subsequent drilling, affecting the drilling effect. At the same time, long-term vibration may cause the service life of the equipment to decrease, affecting the normal use of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a crop seedling cultivation punching device, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a crop seedling cultivation punching device, comprising: a fixed frame, a moving wheel, the moving wheel is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame, the moving wheel is driven by a motor; an electric telescopic rod, the electric telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the top of the inner wall of the fixed frame; a fixed plate, the fixed plate is fixedly mounted on the output end of the electric telescopic rod, the electric telescopic rod is used to drive the fixed plate to move downward; a long plate is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame, a short rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the fixed plate, a punching cylinder is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the short rod, and the A connecting plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the fixed plate, and a long rod is slidingly passed through the surface of the connecting plate, and a push plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the long rod. An L-shaped plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting plate, and a rotating plate is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the L-shaped plate. A limiting block is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the L-shaped plate, and a protrusion is fixedly installed on the surface of the long rod. The downward movement of the electric telescopic rod drives the fixed plate to move downward, and the downward movement of the fixed plate drives the short rod to move downward. The downward movement of the short rod drives the punching cylinder to move downward, and the punching cylinder is inserted into the ground to punch holes. The punching cylinder pushes the push plate to move upward while being inserted.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, a No. 1 spring is provided between the connecting plate and the long rod, and the No. 1 spring drives the long rod to reset. A No. 1 torsion spring is provided between the L-shaped plate and the rotating plate. When the rotating plate is disengaged from the protrusion, the No. 1 torsion spring will drive the rotating plate to reset, and the rotating plate contacts the surface of the limit block.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, a pushing device and a supporting device for preventing stones from blocking drilling are provided on the fixed frame. The pushing device includes a connecting block, a rotating plate, a sliding rail, a sliding block and a pushing plate. The fixed plate moves downward to drive the connecting block to move downward, and the connecting block moves downward to squeeze the rotating plate to rotate downward. The rotating plate rotates downward to push the sliding block to move away from the fixed frame. The connecting block is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed plate, the sliding rail is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame, and the sliding block is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the sliding rail. One end of the rotating plate is rotatably mounted on the surface of the connecting block, and the other end of the rotating plate is rotatably mounted on the surface of the sliding block, and the pushing plate is slidably mounted on the surface of the sliding block.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, a guide plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed frame, a sliding rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the pushing plate, the sliding rod slides on the inner wall of the guide plate, a rotating block is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the guide plate, and a limit plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the rotating block. When the pushing plate is reset, the sliding rod will slide upward along the limit plate, and the upward movement of the sliding rod will drive the pushing plate to move upward, and the pushing plate will break away from contact with the ground when it moves upward. According to the above technical solution, a No. 2 spring is arranged between the push plate and the sliding block. When the slide rod returns to the initial position, the elastic force of the No. 2 spring itself will drive the push plate to reset. A No. 2 torsion spring is arranged between the guide plate and the rotating block. When the slide rod is disengaged from the limit plate, the elastic force of the No. 2 spring itself will drive the rotating block to reset.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the supporting device includes a round rod, a trapezoidal slide, a connecting rod and a support plate. The round rod is driven to move away from the fixed frame by the sliding block moving in the direction away from the fixed frame. The movement of the round rod in the direction away from the fixed frame will push the trapezoidal slide to move downward. The round rod is fixedly installed on the surface of the sliding block, the trapezoidal slide is slidably installed on the surface of the slide rail, the connecting rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the trapezoidal slide, and the support plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting rod.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, a push rod is fixedly installed on the surface of the trapezoidal slide, a rotating frame is rotatably installed on the surface of the slide rail, and a support plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating frame. The downward movement of the trapezoidal slide will drive the push rod to move downward, and the downward movement of the push rod will push the rotating frame to move downward, and the downward movement of the rotating frame will drive the support plate to move downward.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, a No. 3 spring is arranged between the trapezoidal slide and the slide rail. When the trapezoidal slide is separated from the round rod, the elastic force of the No. 3 spring itself will drive the trapezoidal slide to reset. A No. 3 torsion spring is arranged between the slide rail and the rotating frame. When the rotating frame is separated from the push rod, the elastic force of the No. 3 torsion spring itself will drive the rotating frame to reset.

[0013] The present invention provides a drilling device for cultivating crop seedlings. It has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention drives the fixed plate downward by moving the electric telescopic rod downward, which in turn drives the short rod downward, which in turn drives the punching cylinder downward. The punching cylinder is inserted into the ground to perform drilling. At the same time, the push plate moves downward to push the soil inside the punching cylinder out of the punching cylinder, making it easier to continue drilling. Vibration can prevent the inside of the punching cylinder from being stuck in the soil, which would affect the subsequent drilling effect. At the same time, when the long rod drives the protrusion upward, it will push the rotating plate to rotate upward, which will reduce vibration and increase the service life of the equipment.

[0014] (2) This invention pushes away the gravel on the soil by moving the push plate away from the fixed frame, preventing the gravel from affecting the drilling of the punching cylinder. At the same time, the reset of the rotating plate drives the sliding block and the push plate to reset. The reset of the push plate drives the slide bar to slide upward along the limit plate. The upward movement of the slide bar drives the push plate to move upward. The upward movement of the push plate will break away from the contact with the ground, preventing the push plate from continuing to contact the ground during the reset process, causing the soil to be pushed back and affecting subsequent drilling.

[0015] (3) This invention, by moving the support plate downward to contact the ground, is supported on the ground by the support plate, which helps the equipment to remain stable during the drilling process, reduces the shaking of the equipment, and thus improves the accuracy of drilling. At the same time, the downward movement of the trapezoidal slide will drive the push rod to move downward, and the downward movement of the push rod will drive the rotating frame to move downward, and the downward movement of the rotating frame will drive the support plate to move downward, and the downward movement of the support plate will support the ground, preventing the equipment from shaking left and right during drilling, causing the equipment to fall over during the drilling process, affecting the drilling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the punching tube of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of part A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding block and slide rail structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate structure of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B.

[0017] In the figure: 1. fixed frame; 2. moving wheel; 3. electric telescopic rod; 4. fixed plate; 41. long plate; 5. short rod; 6. punching cylinder; 7. push plate; 8. long rod; 9. connecting plate; 10. L-shaped plate; 11. rotating plate; 12. limit block; 13. protrusion; 141. connecting block; 142. rotating plate; 143. slide rail; 144. sliding block; 145. pushing plate; 146. guide plate; 147. slide rod; 148. rotating block; 149. limit plate; 151. round rod; 152. trapezoidal slide; 153. connecting rod; 154. supporting plate; 155. push rod; 156. rotating frame; 157. stop plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1-Figure 7One embodiment of the present invention is: a crop seedling cultivation punching device, comprising: a fixed frame 1, a moving wheel 2, the moving wheel 2 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame 1, and the moving wheel 2 is driven by a motor; an electric telescopic rod 3, the electric telescopic rod 3 is fixedly mounted on the top of the inner wall of the fixed frame 1; a fixed plate 4, the fixed plate 4 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the electric telescopic rod 3, and the electric telescopic rod 3 is used to drive the fixed plate 4 to move downward; a long plate 41 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame 1, a short rod 5 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the fixed plate 4, a punching tube 6 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the short rod 5, and the fixed plate A connecting plate 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom, a long rod 8 is slidably passed through the surface of the connecting plate 9, a push plate 7 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the long rod 8, an L-shaped plate 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 9, a rotating plate 11 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the L-shaped plate 10, a limit block 12 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the L-shaped plate 10, and a protrusion 13 is fixedly installed on the surface of the long rod 8. Vibration can prevent the inside of the punching tube 6 from being stuck in the soil, affecting the subsequent punching effect. At the same time, when the long rod 8 drives the protrusion 13 to move upward, it will push the rotating plate 11 to rotate upward, without generating vibration, thereby improving the service life of the equipment.

[0020] A No. 1 spring is provided between the connecting plate 9 and the long rod 8, which drives the long rod 8 to reset. A No. 1 torsion spring is provided between the L-shaped plate 10 and the rotating plate 11. When the rotating plate 11 is disengaged from the protrusion 13, the No. 1 torsion spring will drive the rotating plate 11 to reset, and the rotating plate 11 will contact the surface of the limit block 12.

[0021] When this embodiment is working: when punching, the electric telescopic rod 3 moves downward to drive the fixed plate 4 to move downward, the fixed plate 4 moves downward to drive the short rod 5 to move downward, the short rod 5 moves downward to drive the punching cylinder 6 to move downward, and the punching cylinder 6 is inserted into the ground to punch holes. When the punching cylinder 6 is inserted, the push plate 7 moves upward, and the push plate 7 moves upward to drive the long rod 8 to move upward. When the drilling is completed, the output end of the electric telescopic rod 3 drives the fixed plate 4, the short rod 5 and the punching cylinder 6 to move upward, and then the motor drives the moving wheel 2 to continue to move forward. At any time, the electric telescopic rod 3 continues to drive the fixed plate 4, the short rod 5 and the punching cylinder 6 to move upward, and the punching cylinder 6 moves upward to drive the push plate 7 and the long rod 8 to move upward. During the movement, it will contact the long plate 41, and the long plate 41 will move downward against the long rod 8. The downward movement of the long rod 8 will drive the push plate 7 to move downward. The downward movement of the push plate 7 will push the soil inside the punching cylinder 6 out of the punching cylinder 6, making it convenient for subsequent punching. At the same time, the long rod 8 will drive the protrusion 13 to move downward when it moves downward. The downward movement of the protrusion 13 will contact the rotating plate 11, and the rotating plate 11 will be limited by the limit block 12. The downward movement of the protrusion 13 and the contact with the rotating plate 11 will generate vibration. The vibration can prevent the inside of the punching cylinder 6 from being stuck in the soil, affecting the subsequent punching effect. At the same time, when the long rod 8 drives the protrusion 13 to move upward, it will push the rotating plate 11 to rotate upward, and no vibration will be generated, thereby improving the service life of the equipment.

[0022] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, a pushing device and a supporting device for preventing stones from blocking drilling are provided on the fixed frame 1. The pushing device includes a connecting block 141, a rotating plate 142, a sliding rail 143, a sliding block 144 and a pushing plate 145. The connecting block 141 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed plate 4, the sliding rail 143 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame 1, the sliding block 144 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the sliding rail 143, one end of the rotating plate 142 is rotatably mounted on the surface of the connecting block 141, and the other end of the rotating plate 142 is rotatably mounted on the surface of the sliding block 144, and the pushing plate 145 is slidably mounted on the surface of the sliding block 144. By moving the pushing plate 145 in a direction away from the fixed frame 1, the gravel on the soil will be pushed away, thereby preventing the gravel from affecting the drilling of the punching tube 6.

[0023] A guide plate 146 is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed frame 1, and a sliding rod 147 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the pushing plate 145. The sliding rod 147 slides on the inner wall of the guide plate 146, and a rotating block 148 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the guide plate 146. A limiting plate 149 is fixedly installed on the surface of the rotating block 148 to prevent the pushing plate 145 from continuously contacting the ground during the resetting process, causing the pushing plate 145 to push the gravel in the direction of the moving wheel 2, affecting the movement of the moving wheel 2.

[0024] A No. 2 spring is provided between the push plate 145 and the sliding block 144. When the slide rod 147 returns to the initial position, the elastic force of the No. 2 spring itself will drive the push plate 145 to reset. A No. 2 torsion spring is provided between the guide plate 146 and the rotating block 148. When the slide rod 147 is disengaged from the limit plate 149, the elastic force of the No. 2 spring itself will drive the rotating block 148 to reset.

[0025] The supporting device includes a round rod 151, a trapezoidal slide 152, a connecting rod 153 and a support plate 154. The round rod 151 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the sliding block 144, the trapezoidal slide 152 is slidably mounted on the surface of the slide rail 143, the connecting rod 153 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the trapezoidal slide 152, and the support plate 154 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting rod 153. The support plate 154 moves downward to contact the ground and is supported on the ground by the support plate 154, which helps the equipment to remain stable during the punching process, reduces equipment shaking, and thus improves the accuracy of punching.

[0026] A push rod 155 is fixedly installed on the surface of the trapezoidal slide 152, and a rotating frame 156 is rotatably installed on the surface of the slide rail 143. A support plate 157 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating frame 156. The support plate 157 moves downward to support the ground to prevent the equipment from shaking left and right during drilling, causing the equipment to fall over during the drilling process, affecting the drilling effect.

[0027] A No. 3 spring is arranged between the trapezoidal slide 152 and the slide rail 143. When the trapezoidal slide 152 is separated from the round rod 151, the elastic force of the No. 3 spring itself will drive the trapezoidal slide 152 to reset. A No. 3 torsion spring is arranged between the slide rail 143 and the rotating frame 156. When the rotating frame 156 is separated from the push rod 155, the elastic force of the No. 3 torsion spring itself will drive the rotating frame 156 to reset.

[0028] When this embodiment is working, the downward movement of the fixed plate 4 will drive the connecting block 141 to move downward, and the downward movement of the connecting block 141 will squeeze the rotating plate 142 to rotate downward, and the downward rotation of the rotating plate 142 will push the sliding block 144 to move in the direction away from the fixed frame 1, and the movement of the sliding block 144 in the direction away from the fixed frame 1 will drive the pushing plate 145 to move in the direction away from the fixed frame 1, and the movement of the pushing plate 145 in the direction away from the fixed frame 1 will push away the gravel on the soil to prevent the gravel from affecting the drilling of the punching cylinder 6. At the same time, the movement of the pushing plate 145 in the direction away from the fixed frame 1 will drive the sliding rod 147 to move along the guide plate 146, and the sliding rod 147 will contact the limit plate 149 during the movement, and the sliding rod 147 will push When the movable limit plate 149 rotates upward, and the sliding rod 147 disengages from the limit plate 149, the No. 2 torsion spring will drive the rotating block 148 to reset. When the electric telescopic rod 3 drives the fixed plate 4 and the connecting block 141 to reset, the connecting block 141 will drive the rotating plate 142 to reset. The reset of the rotating plate 142 will drive the sliding block 144 and the pushing plate 145 to reset. The reset of the pushing plate 145 will drive the sliding rod 147 to slide upward along the limit plate 149. The upward movement of the sliding rod 147 will drive the pushing plate 145 to move upward. The upward movement of the pushing plate 145 will break away from contact with the ground, preventing the pushing plate 145 from continuing to contact the ground during the reset process, causing the pushing plate 145 to push the gravel in the direction of the moving wheel 2, affecting the movement of the moving wheel 2.

[0029] The sliding block 144 moves in the direction away from the fixing frame 1, driving the round rod 151 to move in the direction away from the fixing frame 1. The movement of the round rod 151 in the direction away from the fixing frame 1 will push the trapezoidal slide 152 downward. The downward movement of the trapezoidal slide 152 will drive the connecting rod 153 to move downward. The downward movement of the connecting rod 153 will drive the supporting plate 154 to move downward. The supporting plate 154 moves downward and contacts the ground, and is supported on the ground by the supporting plate 154, which helps the equipment to remain stable during the punching process, reduces the shaking of the equipment, and thus improves the accuracy of the punching. At the same time, the downward movement of the trapezoidal slide 152 will drive the push rod 155 to move downward. The downward movement of the push rod 155 will push the rotating frame 156 to move downward, and the downward movement of the rotating frame 156 will drive the anti-plate 157 to move downward. The anti-plate 157 moves downward to resist the ground, preventing the equipment from shaking left and right during punching, causing the equipment to be tipped over during the punching process, affecting the punching effect.

[0030] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A punching device for cultivating crop seedlings, comprising: The fixing frame (1) is characterized in that: A moving wheel (2), the moving wheel (2) being fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame (1), and the moving wheel (2) being driven by a motor; An electric telescopic rod (3), the electric telescopic rod (3) being fixedly mounted on the top of the inner wall of the fixing frame (1); A fixed plate (4), the fixed plate (4) being fixedly mounted on the output end of the electric telescopic rod (3), the electric telescopic rod (3) being used to drive the fixed plate (4) to move downward; The inner wall of the fixing frame (1) is fixedly mounted with a long plate (41), the bottom of the fixing plate (4) is fixedly mounted with a short rod (5), the bottom of the short rod (5) is fixedly mounted with a punching cylinder (6), the bottom of the fixing plate (4) is fixedly mounted with a connecting plate (9), the surface of the connecting plate (9) is slidably penetrated by a long rod (8), the bottom of the long rod (8) is fixedly mounted with a push plate (7), the bottom of the connecting plate (9) is fixedly mounted with an L-shaped plate (10), the inner wall of the L-shaped plate (10) is rotatably mounted with a rotating plate (11), the inner wall of the L-shaped plate (10) is fixedly mounted with a limiting block (12), the surface of the long rod (8) is fixedly mounted with a protrusion (13), and the fixing frame (1) is provided with a pushing device and a supporting device for preventing stones from blocking the punching.

2. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A No. 1 spring is provided between the connecting plate (9) and the long rod (8), a No. 1 torsion spring is provided between the L-shaped plate (10) and the rotating plate (11), and the rotating plate (11) is in surface contact with the limiting block (12).

3. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pushing device comprises a connecting block (141), a rotating plate (142), a slide rail (143), a sliding block (144) and a pushing plate (145), wherein the connecting block (141) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed plate (4), the slide rail (143) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixed frame (1), the sliding block (144) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the slide rail (143), one end of the rotating plate (142) is rotatably mounted on the surface of the connecting block (141), the other end of the rotating plate (142) is rotatably mounted on the surface of the sliding block (144), and the pushing plate (145) is slidably mounted on the surface of the sliding block (144).

4. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide plate (146) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixing frame (1), a slide bar (147) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the pushing plate (145), the slide bar (147) slides on the inner wall of the guide plate (146), a rotating block (148) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the guide plate (146), and a limiting plate (149) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotating block (148).

5. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A No. 2 spring is provided between the pushing plate (145) and the sliding block (144), and a No. 2 torsion spring is provided between the guide plate (146) and the rotating block (148).

6. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting device comprises a round rod (151), a trapezoidal slide (152), a connecting rod (153) and a supporting plate (154); the round rod (151) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the sliding block (144); the trapezoidal slide (152) is slidably mounted on the surface of the slide rail (143); the connecting rod (153) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the trapezoidal slide (152); and the supporting plate (154) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting rod (153).

7. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A push rod (155) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the trapezoidal slide (152), a rotating frame (156) is rotatably mounted on the surface of the slide rail (143), and a support plate (157) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the rotating frame (156).

8. The crop seedling cultivation punching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A No. 3 spring is provided between the trapezoidal slide (152) and the slide rail (143), and a No. 3 torsion spring is provided between the slide rail (143) and the rotating frame (156).

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