Mandarin fish feed optimization method based on guar gum concentration regulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a guar gum concentration regulation-based mandarin fish feed optimization method, and relates to the technical field of mandarin fish feed optimization, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out a pre-experiment, determining a concentration range, and carrying out the pre-experiment to determine the concentration range according to an adhesive safety use principle. The influence and effect of different floating material adding concentration treatment on the siniperca chuatsi excrement are researched, the utilization efficiency of the feed can be improved to the maximum extent, the siniperca chuatsi is more efficient in digestion and absorption, dissolution loss and decomposition of the feed in water are reduced, the stability of the feed is improved, and waste caused by premature decomposition is avoided; the mandarin fish feed optimization management system has the advantages that the mandarin fish feed optimization management system can promote better growth and development of the mandarin fish, the yield is finally increased, meanwhile, intelligent management of workers is facilitated through systematic operation, research results are shared through the Internet of Things, mandarin fish feed optimization data and corresponding analysis results are managed, visualized and stored, and the intelligent level of mandarin fish feed optimization management is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mandarin fish feed optimization, and in particular to a mandarin fish feed optimization method based on guar gum concentration regulation. Background Art

[0002] Mandarin fish (also known as sweet-scented osmanthus fish) is an important commercial fish, widely farmed in freshwater areas. Its tender, nutritious meat is highly sought after by consumers. However, as mandarin fish farming continues to expand, improving the efficiency of farming, health, and meat quality have become key challenges facing the aquaculture industry. Feed, a crucial factor in the farming process, directly impacts mandarin fish growth rate, immune system function, and meat texture, among other factors.

[0003] Mandarin fish feed is a crucial factor influencing its growth, health, and meat quality. Traditional mandarin fish feed primarily consists of protein sources such as fishmeal and soybean meal, supplemented with vitamins, minerals, and other additives to meet the nutritional needs of mandarin fish at different stages of growth. However, this feed is highly soluble in water and easily decomposes, leading to feed waste and water pollution, which in turn affects the aquaculture environment and the growth and development of mandarin fish.

[0004] Adding an appropriate amount of guar gum to mandarin fish feed can adjust the viscosity and stability of the feed, making it less soluble in water or more quickly decomposed, thereby helping to improve feed efficiency. Guar gum also improves the taste of the feed, stimulates the mandarin fish's appetite, enhances digestion and absorption, and improves feed conversion, ultimately increasing the fish's growth rate and feed utilization.

[0005] In the prior art, either too high or too low a guar gum concentration can have an adverse effect on the growth of mandarin fish. A too high concentration may make the feed too viscous, affecting appetite and even causing indigestion; while a too low concentration may not achieve the ideal stability effect. Therefore, the present invention needs to design a mandarin fish feed optimization method based on guar gum concentration regulation to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation in order to solve the above problems, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: A method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation comprises the following specific steps: S1. Conduct a preliminary experiment to determine the concentration range. According to the principle of safe use of adhesives, the concentration should not exceed 10%. Observe the fish's swallowing rate, attack rate, vomiting rate, and fecal loss rate after the feed enters the water. S2. Six treatment groups and one control group were pre-designed, with three replicates in each group. Each replicate group was randomly assigned 25 mandarin fish, for a total of 25*7*3 fish. S3. Concentration determination: Under the premise of ensuring the ingestion rate, the solubility rate of the feed in water is tested. The most suitable ratio for rainbow trout is to add 0.3% guar gum to the feed. When the stability of the feed in water is equivalent to GG2.4 of the current feed, the feed ingestion rate drops to GG4.8, which is the same as BD. S4. During the experiment, the juveniles were fed 0.75% of their total body weight daily. Half of the water was changed after feeding, and feces were collected from the bottom of the tank 4.5 hours after feeding. Normal variables such as temperature and dissolved oxygen were controlled daily. S5. Measure the particle size and rheological properties of the collected feces every other week; S6. preparing the intestinal tissue of the mandarin fish, and observing and recording the changes of the mandarin fish after the intestinal tissue preparation is completed; S7. After determining the optimal guar gum addition concentration, the next step is to set different cork (floating material) concentration addition gradients to explore the effects and functions of different floating material addition concentrations on mandarin fish feces.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the six treatment groups in step S2 are recorded as: GG0.3, GG0.6, GG1.2, GG2.4, GG4.8, GG9.6, and the control group is recorded as BD.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific processing steps in step S5 include the following: S501, the shear resistance of feces was measured using a rheometer and the particle size distribution (PSD) was measured using a laser particle size analyzer; S502, detecting fecal dissolution rate; S503, recording the attack rate, swallowing rate, and vomiting rate of the mandarin fish during each feeding; S504, controlling the leaching time to 20 min and calculating the dissolution loss rate of the feed; S505. On the 28th day of the experiment, 1-2 mandarin fish were randomly selected from each of the five experimental groups and one control group (the same was true for the parallel groups), and their mucus-wrapped feces and intestinal tissues were dissected.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dissection of the mucus-wrapped feces and intestinal tissue in S505 includes the following specific steps: S5051. Measure the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in feces within 8 hours and calculate the apparent digestibility; S5052, moisture content was determined by 105°C oven drying method (GB / T6435-1986), crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method (GB / T6432-1994), crude fat content was determined by ether extraction method (GB / T6433-1994), Y2O3 content in feed and feces was determined by plasma spectrometer (SPECTROCIOSCCD), and energy content was determined by oxygen bomb calorimeter (IKA-C2000); S5053. Observe the intestinal conditions of each group of mandarin fish to see if there are signs of exudative enteritis, hemorrhagic enteritis, or intestinal mucosal irritation, and whether the digestive tract is long or wide. S5054. Determine the survival rate, growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), prepare intestinal slices, and the nutritional composition of the body wall. The crude protein content of the body wall of the guar gum group juvenile ginseng was measured. The changes in the intestinal tissue for slice observation were recorded after preparation.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of slicing is as follows: Oscillating heating embedding (all in a shaker at 56°C + 150 rpm); slice; H&E staining.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to invest time in particle size and rheological measurements, so these measurements are performed every other week. For fecal rheometer to measure shear resistance and laser particle size analyzer to measure PSD: The step S5 specifically includes the following steps when rheological testing: rheological measurement of the combined feces sample with a minimum volume of about 3 cm3 is performed, which is transferred to a Paarphysical-physia UDS200 rheometer, with a measuring system of mp313 (plate: ∅50 mm, 0°), a gap width of 1 mm, and the plate is carved into a star shape to improve accuracy and reduce the effect of water trapped inside the measurement gap, a shear stress coefficient of 2.037, and a shear rate factor of 2.617; For the time scan, a deformation with an amplitude of γ = 30% and a frequency of 1 Hz was used. The duration of the measurement was set on a logarithmic scale with 16 intervals (1 to 175 seconds logarithm). In the frequency domain, the sample was excited sinusoidally with the probe frequencies of 50, 32.1, 20.6, 13.2, 8.47, 5.43, 3.49, 2.24, 1.43, 0.92, 0.59, 0.38, 0.24, 0.16 and 0.10 Hz. The deformation amplitude was 10% in each run and the measurement time was 30 s. In the sample chamber, the temperature was set to 4°C and the humidity was adjusted to 100% saturation; All measurements were deformation controlled, with each measurement starting with a time sweep of 16 single deformations followed by a frequency sweep without delay.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S5 specifically includes the following steps when the particle size distribution is detected: for particle size measurement, the mandarin fish feces are sampled by the rheological detection method as described above, and the measurement is performed according to Brinker et al. (May 2005). In each measurement, 3 g of fecal pellet sample is crushed in 2 L of distilled water, and turbulence is generated by a constant air flow from below. The air pressure and stirring time are 0.05 MPa and 480 s, respectively. According to Brinker et al. (2005c), a non-invasive laser particle size analyzer (GALAI: CIS-1) equipped with a flow controller (GALAI: LFC-100) and a flow-through cell (GALAI: GM-7) is used to determine the particle size.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preliminary experiments in step S1 are recorded as experiments GG0, GG2.5, GG5, and GG10.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feces collection method in step S4 includes: using a hand scooping method for easy-to-scoop feces, using a siphoning method for bottom-water feces, and using a dissection method for feces collection at the end of the experiment.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the experiment in step S4 is carried out for 28 days, and feces of each group of mandarin fish are collected on the 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of the experiment; the fish are fed once a day at 9:00-10:00.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention determines the concentration range by conducting preliminary experiments, observes the swallowing rate, attack rate, vomiting rate, and feces loss rate of the fish after the feed enters the water, pre-designs 6 treatment groups, detects the feed loss rate in water under the premise of ensuring the swallowing rate, feeds the juveniles at 0.75% of the total weight of the mandarin fish every day during the experiment, changes half of the water after feeding, collects feces excreted at the bottom of the tank 4.5 hours after feeding, measures the particle size and rheology of the collected feces every other week, prepares the intestinal tissue of the mandarin fish, observes and records the changes of the mandarin fish after the intestinal tissue preparation is completed, determines the optimal guar gum addition concentration, and then sets different cork concentrations. Add gradients to explore the effects and functions of different floating material addition concentrations on mandarin fish feces. By optimizing the guar gum concentration, the utilization efficiency of feed can be maximized, making mandarin fish more efficient in digestion and absorption, reducing the dissolution and decomposition of feed in water, improving the stability of feed, and avoiding waste caused by premature decomposition. By optimizing the feed formula, the growth and development of mandarin fish can be promoted, and ultimately the yield can be increased. At the same time, systematic operations facilitate intelligent management of staff, and research results are shared through the Internet of Things. Mandarin fish feed optimization data and corresponding analysis results are managed, visualized and stored, thereby improving the intelligence level of mandarin fish feed optimization management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] For ease of explanation, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific implementations and accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the overall structure of a method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of albumin data of mandarin fish at 56 days in different concentration treatment groups according to a method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of protein TP data of mandarin fish at 56 days in different concentration treatment groups according to a method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of triglyceride TG data of mandarin fish in different concentration treatment groups for 56 days according to a method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of particle size distribution of cumulative volume ratio of a mandarin fish feed optimization method based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the glucose data of mandarin fish in different concentration treatment groups for 56 days according to a method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the growth status data of mandarin fish in different concentration treatment groups according to a mandarin fish feed optimization method based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of total cholesterol T-CHO data of mandarin fish in different concentration treatment groups for 56 days in a mandarin fish feed optimization method based on guar gum concentration regulation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, this specific embodiment adopts the following technical solutions: A method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation comprises the following specific steps: S1. Conduct a preliminary experiment to determine the concentration range. According to the principle of safe use of adhesives, the ratio should not exceed 10%. Observe the fish's swallowing rate, attack rate, vomiting rate, and fecal loss rate after the feed enters the water. The preliminary experiments are recorded as experiments GG0, GG2.5, GG5, and GG10. Groups Intake rate (%) BD 71.43±0.12a GG2.5 77.42±4.70a GG5 60.01±5.01b GG10 (spitting out after swallowing) 41.80±6.22c Groups Attack rate (%) BD 71.43±0.12a GG2.5 87.66±4.93b GG5 70.46±3.80a GG10 54.23±2.91c Groups Vomiting rate (%) BD 0a GG2.5 0a GG5 0a GG10 9.35±1.94b Groups Dissolution loss rate (%) BD 45.45±1.22a GG2.5 30.72±3.92b GG5GG10 9.77±3.94c4.75±2.41c S2. Six treatment groups and one control group were pre-designed, with three replicates in each group. Each replicate group was randomly assigned 25 mandarin fish, for a total of 25*7*3 fish. The six treatment groups were recorded as GG0.3, GG0.6, GG1.2, GG2.4, GG4.8, and GG9.6, and the control group was recorded as BD. S3. Concentration determination: Under the premise of ensuring the ingestion rate, the solubility rate of the feed in water is tested. The most suitable ratio for rainbow trout is to add 0.3% guar gum to the feed. When the stability of the feed in water is equivalent to GG2.4 of the current feed, the feed ingestion rate drops to GG4.8, which is the same as BD. S4. During the experiment, the juveniles were fed 0.75% of their total body weight daily. Half of the water was changed after feeding, and feces were collected from the bottom of the tank 4.5 hours after feeding. Normal variables such as temperature and dissolved oxygen were controlled daily. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Feces of the juveniles were collected from each group on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment. The juveniles were fed once a day between 9:00 and 10:00. Feces collection methods include: hand scooping for easy-to-scoop feces, siphoning for bottom-of-water feces, and dissection for feces collection at the end of the experiment; S5. Measure the particle size and rheological properties of the collected feces every other week; The specific processing steps include the following: S501, the shear resistance of feces was measured using a rheometer and the particle size distribution (PSD) was measured using a laser particle size analyzer; S502, detecting fecal dissolution rate; S503, recording the attack rate, swallowing rate, and vomiting rate of the mandarin fish during each feeding; S504, controlling the leaching time to 20 min and calculating the dissolution loss rate of the feed; S505. On the 28th day of the experiment, 1-2 mandarin fish were randomly selected from each of the five experimental groups and one control group (the same was true for the parallel groups), and their mucus-wrapped feces and intestinal tissues were dissected.

[0021] The specific steps for dissecting the mucus-encased feces and intestinal tissue include the following: S5051. Measure the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in feces within 8 hours and calculate the apparent digestibility; S5052, moisture content was determined by 105°C oven drying method (GB / T6435-1986), crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method (GB / T6432-1994), crude fat content was determined by ether extraction method (GB / T6433-1994), Y2O3 content in feed and feces was determined by plasma spectrometer (SPECTROCIOS CCD), and energy content was determined by oxygen bomb calorimeter (IKA-C2000); S5053. Observe the intestinal conditions of each group of mandarin fish to see if there are signs of exudative enteritis, hemorrhagic enteritis, or intestinal mucosal irritation, and whether the digestive tract is long or wide. S5054. Determine the survival rate, growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), prepare intestinal slices, and the nutritional composition of the body wall. The crude protein content of the body wall of the guar gum group juvenile ginseng was measured. The changes in the intestinal tissue for slice observation were recorded after preparation. S6. Prepare the intestinal tissue of the mandarin fish, and observe and record the changes of the mandarin fish after the intestinal tissue preparation is completed. The specific operation of the slicing is as follows: (1) Oscillating heating embedding (all in a shaker at 56°C + 150 rpm) step condition fixed 4% paraformaldehyde fixative (20 min) dehydration 70% ethanol (15 min) → 80% ethanol (15 min) → 95% ethanol (15 min) → 100% ethanol (10 min) → 100% ethanol (10 min). transparent Xylene I (5 min) → Xylene II (5 min) wax dipping Paraffin I (15 min) → Paraffin II (15 min) → embedding in embedding machine. (2) Slicing step condition slice Set the slice thickness to 6 µm and slice using a microtome; carefully transfer the cut tissue with a brush to a glass slide coated with egg white glycerol (volume 1:1) and filled with distilled water, allowing the slice to fully unfold. Press the slice with a paper towel to absorb excess water, and place it on a slide dryer until the distilled water is dried. (3) H&E staining step condition Dewaxing Xylene (10 min) → xylene:ethanol (1:1 by volume, 5 min) → 100% ethanol (5 min). Rehydration 85% ethanol (5 min) → 80% ethanol (5 min) → distilled water rinse (15 min) dyeing Hematoxylin staining (10 min) → rinsing with running water (20 min) → ammonia solution (8 s) → rinsing with running water (20 min) → counterstaining with eosin (2 min) → rinsing with running water until colorless. dehydration 80% ethanol (5 min) → 90% ethanol (5 min) → 100% ethanol (5 min) → 90% ethanol (3 min) → counterstain with eosin (2 min) → rinse with running water until colorless. transparent Xylene:ethanol (1:1 by volume, 2 min) → xylene (5 min) → xylene (5 min). Mounting Use neutral gum to seal the slides, dry them in a dry and ventilated place, and keep them for microscopic observation. Observe intestinal cilia, etc. It takes time to perform particle size and rheological measurements, so these measurements are performed every other week. For fecal rheometers to measure shear resistance and laser particle size analyzers to measure PSD: The step S5 specifically includes the following steps when rheological testing: rheological measurement of the combined feces sample with a minimum volume of about 3 cm3 is performed, which is transferred to a Paarphysical-physia UDS200 rheometer, with a measuring system of mp313 (plate: ∅50 mm, 0°), a gap width of 1 mm, and the plate is carved into a star shape to improve accuracy and reduce the effect of water trapped inside the measurement gap, a shear stress coefficient of 2.037, and a shear rate factor of 2.617; For the time scan, a deformation with an amplitude of γ = 30% and a frequency of 1 Hz was used. The duration of the measurement was set on a logarithmic scale with 16 intervals (1 to 175 seconds logarithm). In the frequency domain, the sample was excited sinusoidally with the probe frequencies of 50, 32.1, 20.6, 13.2, 8.47, 5.43, 3.49, 2.24, 1.43, 0.92, 0.59, 0.38, 0.24, 0.16 and 0.10 Hz. The deformation amplitude was 10% in each run and the measurement time was 30 s. In the sample chamber, the temperature was set to 4°C and the humidity was adjusted to 100% saturation; All measurements were deformation controlled, with each measurement starting with a time sweep of 16 single deformations followed by a frequency sweep without delay.

[0022] The particle size distribution test specifically includes the following: For particle size measurement, mandarin fish feces were sampled using the rheological test method as described above and measured according to Brinker et al. (May 2005). In each measurement, 3 g of fecal pellet sample was crushed in 2 L of distilled water. Turbulence was generated by a constant air flow from below. The air pressure and stirring time were 0.05 MPa and 480 s, respectively. According to Brinker et al. (2005c), a non-invasive laser particle size analyzer (GALAI: CIS-1) equipped with a flow controller (GALAI: LFC-100) and a flow cell (GALAI: GM-7) was used to determine the particle size. Rheological and particle size data were analyzed using the following generalized model: Where Y ijkl are viscosity, elastic modulus, and particle size; μ is the overall average; α i For fixed diet treatment, β j For fixed concentration treatment; K k The variable Tank is nested in feed; (αβ) ij represents the interaction between the two treatments, ε ijkl is the random residual; For the rheological data, the model was extended with the time variable measured as a random block factor. The first five points in the rheological data were excluded from the analysis to avoid anomalies due to the possible presence of undetected bubbles in the sample – these would have been eliminated by the first five stirring times. Post hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey's HSD test (Hayter, 1984). Rheological data from frequency scan measurements were analyzed using nested analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the variable Tank as a random factor (Sokal and Rohlf, 2003). The dependent variable viscosity and the independent variable frequency were log10 transformed to meet the assumptions of the model. Diet was included as a main factor, and the interaction variable Diet × log10 was used to examine treatment-dependent differences in slope; ANCOVA (dependent variable: combined value of viscosity and elastic modulus, independent variables: adhesive inclusion, adhesive quality (interaction term)) was used to test the effects of different adhesive ratios; According to Patterson et al. (1999), PSD data were divided into size categories (d i + 1 = 1.26 d i All data were converted to cumulative volume data using a sphere as the basic shape. Inferential statistics were performed for the cumulative volume percentages at 100 μm and 600 μm, respectively. Individual pairwise comparisons of least squares means in the model were tested using Student's t-tests with sequential Bonferroni correction (Rice, 1989), and data were tested for homoscedasticity using Bartlett's test (Sachs, 1997). The correlation between stability and particle size was examined using reduced principal axis regression (Sokal and Rohlf, 2003). Restricted residual maximum likelihood was used to fit existing models with random effects (Smyth and Verbyla); All descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were calculated according to Sachs (1997); All data analyses were performed using JMP (SAS Institute Inc.), version 5.1.2; S7. After determining the optimal guar gum addition concentration, the next step is to set different cork (floating material) concentration addition gradients to explore the effects and functions of different floating material addition concentrations on mandarin fish feces.

[0023] The present invention determines the concentration range by conducting preliminary experiments, observing the fish's swallowing rate, attack rate, vomiting rate, and feces loss rate after the feed enters the water, pre-designing 6 treatment groups, detecting the feed loss rate in water while ensuring the swallowing rate, feeding the juveniles 0.75% of their total weight every day during the experiment, changing half of the water after feeding, collecting feces excreted at the bottom of the tank 4.5 hours after feeding, measuring the particle size and rheological properties of the collected feces every other week, preparing the intestinal tissue of the mandarin fish, observing and recording the changes in the mandarin fish after the intestinal tissue preparation is completed, and after determining the optimal guar gum addition concentration, setting different cork concentration addition gradients. The effects and functions of different floating material addition concentrations on mandarin fish feces were explored. By optimizing the guar gum concentration, the utilization efficiency of feed can be maximized, making mandarin fish more efficient in digestion and absorption, reducing the dissolution and decomposition of feed in water, improving the stability of feed, and avoiding waste caused by premature decomposition. By optimizing the feed formula, the growth and development of mandarin fish can be promoted, and ultimately the yield can be increased. At the same time, systematic operation facilitates intelligent management of staff, and research results are shared through the Internet of Things. Mandarin fish feed optimization data and corresponding analysis results are managed, visualized and stored, thereby improving the intelligence level of mandarin fish feed optimization management.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules and method steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices, equipment and modules can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0026] It should be noted that the above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and many similar variations are possible. All variations directly derived from or associating with the present invention by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Conduct a preliminary experiment to determine the concentration range and observe the fish's swallowing rate, attack rate, vomiting rate, and fecal loss rate after the feed enters the water; S2. Six treatment groups and one control group were pre-designed, with three replicates in each group, and 25 mandarin fish were randomly assigned to each replicate group; S3. Concentration determination: Under the premise of ensuring the swallowing rate, test the dissolution rate of feed in water; S4. During the experiment, the juveniles were fed 0.75% of their total body weight daily. Half of the water was changed after feeding, and feces at the bottom of the tank were collected 4.5 hours after feeding. Normal variables were controlled daily. S5. Measure the particle size and rheological properties of the collected feces every other week; S6. preparing the intestinal tissue of the mandarin fish, and observing and recording the changes of the mandarin fish after the intestinal tissue preparation is completed; S7. After determining the optimal guar gum addition concentration, the next step is to set different cork concentration addition gradients to explore the effects and functions of different floating material addition concentrations on mandarin fish feces.

2. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 1, wherein: The six treatment groups in step S2 were recorded as GG0.3, GG0.6, GG1.2, GG2.4, GG4.8, and GG9.6, and the control group was recorded as BD.

3. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 1, wherein: The specific processing steps in step S5 include the following: S501, measuring the shear resistance of feces using a rheometer and measuring the particle size distribution using a laser particle size analyzer; S502, detecting fecal dissolution rate; S503, recording the attack rate, swallowing rate, and vomiting rate of the mandarin fish during each feeding; S504, controlling the leaching time to 20 min and calculating the dissolution loss rate of the feed; S505. On the 28th day of the experiment, 1-2 mandarin fish were randomly selected from the five experimental groups and one control group, and their mucus-wrapped feces and intestinal tissues were dissected.

4. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 3, wherein: The step S505 of dissecting and taking out the feces and intestinal tissue wrapped in mucus includes the following specific steps: S5051. Measure the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in feces within 8 hours and calculate the apparent digestibility; S5052, moisture content was determined by oven drying at 105°C, crude protein content by Kjeldahl method, crude fat content by ether extraction method, Y2O3 content in feed and feces by plasma spectrometry, and energy content by oxygen bomb calorimetry; S5053. Observe the intestinal conditions of each group of mandarin fish to see if there are signs of exudative enteritis, hemorrhagic enteritis, or intestinal mucosal irritation, and whether the digestive tract is long or wide. S5054. Determine the survival rate, growth rate, feed conversion rate, prepare intestinal slices, and the nutritional composition of the body wall. The crude protein content of the body wall of the guar gum group juvenile ginseng was measured. The changes in the intestinal tissue for slice observation were recorded after preparation.

5. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 1, wherein: The specific operation of the slicing is as follows: Oscillating heating embedding; slice; H&E staining.

6. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 5, wherein: The step S5 specifically includes: performing rheological measurements on a combined stool sample with a minimum volume of approximately 3 cm3, using an MP313 measuring system, a gap width of 1 mm, and a plate engraved into a star shape to improve accuracy and reduce the effect of water trapped inside the measurement gap. The shear stress coefficient is 2.037 and the shear rate factor is 2.

617. For the time scan, a deformation with an amplitude of γ = 30% and a frequency of 1 Hz was used. The duration of the measurement was set on a logarithmic scale of 16 intervals. In the frequency domain, the sample was excited sinusoidally with the probe frequencies of 50, 32.1, 20.6, 13.2, 8.47, 5.43, 3.49, 2.24, 1.43, 0.92, 0.59, 0.38, 0.24, 0.16 and 0.10 Hz. The deformation amplitude was 10% in each run and the measurement time was 30 s. In the sample chamber, the temperature was set to 4 °C and the humidity was adjusted to 100% saturation.

7. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 6, wherein: The particle size distribution test in step S5 specifically includes: for particle size measurement, the mandarin fish feces are sampled using the rheological test method as described above. In each measurement, 3 g of fecal pellet sample is crushed in 2 L of distilled water, and turbulence is generated by a constant airflow from below. The air pressure and stirring time are 0.05 MPa and 480 s, respectively. The particle size is determined using a non-invasive laser particle size analyzer equipped with a flow controller and a flow-through cell.

8. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 7, wherein: The preliminary experiments in step S1 are recorded as experiments GG0, GG2.5, GG5, and GG10.

9. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 1, wherein: The feces collection methods in step S4 include: hand scooping for easy feces, siphoning for feces at the bottom of the water, and dissection for feces at the end of the experiment.

10. The method for optimizing mandarin fish feed based on guar gum concentration regulation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The experiment in step S4 was carried out for 28 days. On the 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of the experiment, feces of each group of mandarin fish were collected; and the fish were fed once a day at 9:00-10:00.

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