Continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternate suction device

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternate suction device which comprises a shell, a positive and negative pressure switching valve, a three-way pipe, a circuit board and a positive and negative pressure vacuum pump, a microcontroller is arranged on the circuit board, and the microcontroller is electrically connected with the positive and negative pressure vacuum pump; one side of the shell is provided with a positive pressure output port and a negative pressure output port which are connected with the positive and negative pressure vacuum pump, the positive pressure output port is connected with a positive pressure suction pipe, and the positive pressure suction pipe is communicated with the positive and negative pressure switching valve; the negative pressure output port is connected with a negative pressure suction tube which is communicated with the positive and negative pressure switching valve; the positive and negative pressure switching valve is connected with a liquid storage bottle, the three-way pipe is respectively communicated with the positive and negative pressure switching valve and the liquid storage bottle, the three-way pipe is connected with a suction pipe, and one end of the suction pipe is provided with a connector. According to the device, positive and negative pressure alternate continuous suction of subglottic secretions can be achieved, positive pressure airflow can loosen thick secretions, negative pressure airflow can efficiently suck the secretions, and the clearing efficiency of the secretions is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of medical device technology, and specifically relates to a continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device. Background Art

[0002] In clinical practice, secretions easily accumulate in the subglottic area of patients undergoing endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy. If not promptly cleared, these secretions may flow into the lower respiratory tract through the gap between the endotracheal tube and the tracheal wall, increasing the risk of infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Therefore, effective subglottic suctioning is a crucial step in airway management.

[0003] Currently, most subglottic suction devices commonly used in clinical practice utilize a single positive or negative pressure suction mode. These devices still have some areas for improvement in practical application: First, single-pressure suction may be limited in its removal efficiency when dealing with viscous secretions, and sustained single-pressure suction poses a potential risk of mechanical damage to the respiratory mucosa. Second, some devices require medical staff to manually switch suction modes or adjust pressure parameters, leaving room for improvement in operational convenience and pressure control accuracy. Chinese Utility Model Patent Publication No. CN214859635U discloses a continuous subglottic negative pressure suction device comprising a negative pressure motor, a medical filter, a drainage fluid collector, and a suction connector. One end of the medical filter is connected to the air inlet of the negative pressure motor via a flexible tube. The drainage fluid collector has two hose connectors on its cap. The upper ends of the two hose connectors are connected to the other end of the medical filter and the suction connector via a flexible tube, and the lower ends are connected to the interior of the drainage fluid collector. The negative pressure motor is a small, constant suction pressure of 30 to 50 mmHg. This solution has demonstrated some practicality in clinical applications, but there is a potential risk of tube blockage when handling highly viscous secretions, which increases the difficulty of clinical operation. Furthermore, because the device lacks a real-time pressure and flow monitoring module, it is difficult for medical staff to accurately obtain status data during the suction process, which may affect the dynamic assessment of suction effectiveness and parameter adjustment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a continuous subglottic positive-negative pressure alternating suction device. This device can achieve alternating positive and negative pressure continuous suction of subglottic secretions. The positive pressure airflow can loosen viscous secretions, while the negative pressure airflow can efficiently absorb secretions, improving secretion removal efficiency. Furthermore, the device can regulate and monitor gas pressure in real time.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a continuous subglottic alternating positive and negative pressure suction device, comprising a shell, a positive and negative pressure switching valve and a three-way pipe, a circuit board and a positive and negative pressure vacuum pump are provided in the shell, a microcontroller is provided on the circuit board, and the microcontroller is electrically connected to the positive and negative pressure vacuum pump; one side of the shell is respectively provided with a positive pressure output port and a negative pressure output port connected to the positive and negative pressure vacuum pump, the positive pressure output port is connected to a positive pressure suction tube, and the positive pressure suction tube is connected to the positive pressure input end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve; the negative pressure output port is connected to a negative pressure suction tube, and the negative pressure suction tube is connected to the negative pressure input end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve; the lower end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve is connected to a liquid storage bottle, the two input ends of the three-way pipe are respectively connected to the positive pressure output end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve and the liquid storage bottle, the output end of the three-way pipe is connected to the suction tube, and one end of the suction tube is provided with a connector.

[0006] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device, the positive and negative pressure switching valve includes a first chamber, a second chamber, a third chamber and a fourth chamber distributed in sequence from top to bottom; the first chamber is connected to the second chamber and a first control valve is provided between the first chamber and the second chamber, and the first control valve is used to control the communication state between the first chamber and the second chamber; the third chamber is connected to the fourth chamber and a second control valve is provided between the third chamber and the fourth chamber, and the second control valve is used to control the communication state between the third chamber and the fourth chamber.

[0007] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device has a second partition plate between the first chamber and the second chamber, a first through hole is provided at the center of the second partition plate, and a plurality of first ventilation holes are distributed in a ring around the first through hole.

[0008] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device, the first control valve includes a first spring connected to the bottom surface of the second partition plate, a first spring rod is passed through the first spring, the other end of the first spring is connected to the end of the first spring rod, the other end of the first spring rod is passed through the first through hole and is provided with a first valve located on the side surface of the second partition plate, and the first valve completely covers the first vent.

[0009] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device has a third partition plate between the third chamber and the fourth chamber, a second through hole is provided at the center of the third partition plate, and a plurality of second ventilation holes are distributed in a ring around the second through hole.

[0010] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device, the second control valve includes a second spring connected to the bottom surface of the third partition plate, a second spring rod is passed through the second spring and the other end of the second spring is connected to the end of the second spring rod, the other end of the second spring rod is passed through the second through hole and is provided with a second valve located on the side of the third partition plate, and the second valve completely covers the second vent.

[0011] The aforementioned continuous subglottic alternating positive and negative pressure suction device, the positive pressure suction tube is connected to the second chamber, and one input end of the three-way tube is connected to the first chamber; the negative pressure suction tube is connected to the third chamber, the liquid storage bottle is threadedly connected to the side wall of the fourth chamber, and the other input end of the three-way tube is connected to the liquid storage bottle.

[0012] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device has a positive pressure gas flow meter on the positive pressure output port and a negative pressure gas flow meter on the negative pressure output port; the positive pressure gas flow meter and the negative pressure gas flow meter are electrically connected to the microcontroller respectively.

[0013] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device has a display screen embedded in the front end of the shell, and the display screen is electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0014] The aforementioned continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device has a plurality of buttons provided at the front end of the housing, and the buttons are electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention integrates a microcontroller and positive and negative pressure vacuum pumps within a housing, and utilizes positive and negative pressure output ports to connect positive and negative pressure suction tubes to positive and negative pressure switching valves, respectively. Combined with the structural design of the three-way tube and suction tube, this achieves a subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating continuous suction function precisely controlled by the microcontroller. The present invention also alternately connects the positive and negative pressure suction paths through the positive and negative pressure switching valves, allowing positive pressure airflow to loosen viscous secretions and negative pressure airflow to efficiently absorb secretions. Furthermore, the present invention combines real-time monitoring with positive and negative pressure gas flowmeters and display screens to improve secretion removal efficiency while preventing damage to the respiratory mucosa from a single pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is the front view of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the positive and negative pressure switching valve of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a partial view A of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a partial view B of the present invention.

[0022] The markings in the accompanying drawings are: 1. Shell; 101. Positive pressure output port; 102. Negative pressure output port; 2. Positive and negative pressure switching valve; 201. First chamber; 202. Second chamber; 203. Third chamber; 204. Fourth chamber; 3. Three-way pipe; 4. Circuit board; 5. Positive and negative pressure vacuum pump; 6. Microcontroller; 7. First control valve; 701. First spring; 702. First spring rod; 703. First valve; 8. Second control valve; 801. Second Spring; 802, second spring rod; 803, second valve; 9, positive pressure suction tube; 10, negative pressure suction tube; 11, liquid storage bottle; 12, suction tube; 13, connector; 14, display screen; 15, button; 16, first through hole; 17, second through hole; 18, first air vent; 19, second air vent; 20, positive pressure gas flow meter; 21, negative pressure gas flow meter; 22, first partition; 23, second partition; 24, third partition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment: A continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a housing 1, a positive and negative pressure switching valve 2 and a three-way pipe 3. Figure 2 As shown, a circuit board 4 and a positive and negative pressure vacuum pump 5 are provided in the housing 1, and a display screen 14 and five buttons 15 are embedded in the front end of the housing 1. A microcontroller 6 is provided on the circuit board 4, and the microcontroller 6 is electrically connected to the positive and negative pressure vacuum pump 5, the display screen 14 and the buttons 15. The circuit board 4 uses a 4-layer PCB plus an independent power supply layer, which can separate digital signals (microcontroller 6 and display screen 14) from analog signals (flow meter and pump control) to reduce noise; and it is integrated with a medical-grade isolated power supply module (such as TIISO7840) to ensure that the patient contact part meets the leakage current requirements. The microcontroller 6 uses the STMicroelectronics STM32F407VGT6 model, which has an ultra-low power design, multiple ADC / DAC and PWM outputs. The positive and negative pressure vacuum pump 5 uses a KNF NMP 830KNDC B model. It has a bipolar design and a single pump that can output both positive pressure (+50kPa) and negative pressure (-80kPa), simplifying the mechanical structure. The oil-free design avoids contamination of the medical environment. The PWM speed regulation has a fast response and seamlessly interfaces with the STM32 PWM module. The display 14 uses an Innolux G104V1-T01 LCD screen, a 10.4-inch touch screen with a resolution of 800×600 and a higher brightness (500cd / m²) for the same size. 2), with excellent visibility under strong light, capable of real-time communication with the microcontroller 6, and can dynamically display the current working mode, positive and negative pressure gas flow values, and alternating countdown. The display screen 14 interface is divided into three areas: the left side is the mode status area, which displays "positive pressure suction stage", "negative pressure suction stage" or "positive and negative pressure alternating suction stage" in the form of icons and text; the middle is the real-time data area, which displays the flow value (unit: L / min) and the corresponding pressure value (unit: mmHg) monitored by the positive pressure gas flow meter 20 and the negative pressure gas flow meter 21 respectively; the right side is the parameter setting area, which supports the preset display of the alternating cycle time (adjustable from 5 to 60 seconds) and the target pressure range (positive pressure 10-30 mmHg / negative pressure -20 to -50 mmHg). The button 15 includes a mode switching key, a pressure adjustment knob, a cycle setting key, a start / stop key and a confirmation key. The specific functions are as follows: Start / Stop key: Start the positive and negative pressure alternating suction process by short pressing, and shut down the system by long pressing for 3 seconds; Mode switching key: Switch between automatic alternating mode and manual mode. In manual mode, a single positive pressure or negative pressure can be continuously output; Pressure adjustment knob: Rotate to select the positive pressure or negative pressure target value, and the display screen 14 will highlight the current adjustment parameter; Cycle setting key: Set the duration of the positive and negative pressure stages (default positive pressure 2 seconds / negative pressure 8 seconds), and adjust in steps of ±1 second; Confirm key: Save the parameter settings and activate the microcontroller 6 to respond to the new instructions. One side of the shell 1 is provided with a positive pressure output port 101 and a negative pressure output port 102 connected to the positive and negative pressure vacuum pumps 5 respectively. The positive pressure output port 101 is connected to a positive pressure suction tube 9, which is connected to the positive pressure input end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve 2; the negative pressure output port 102 is connected to a negative pressure suction tube 10, which is connected to the negative pressure input end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve 2. A positive pressure gas flowmeter 20 is provided on the positive pressure output port 101, and a negative pressure gas flowmeter 21 is provided on the negative pressure output port 102. The positive pressure gas flowmeter 20 and the negative pressure gas flowmeter 21 are electrically connected to the microcontroller 6 respectively, for real-time monitoring of the positive and negative pressure gas flow and forming a closed-loop control with the microcontroller 6, and dynamically adjusting the speed of the vacuum pump to maintain the preset pressure. The model used by the positive pressure gas flowmeter 20 and the negative pressure gas flowmeter 21 is Honeywell AWM3000, which has a wide range and is suitable for high flow demand scenarios; it has an overload protection function to prevent secretions from clogging and causing damage to the sensor. Figure 3 As shown, the lower end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve 2 is connected to the liquid storage bottle 11, and the positive and negative pressure switching valve 2 includes a first chamber 201, a second chamber 202, a third chamber 203 and a fourth chamber 204 distributed from top to bottom. Figure 4As shown, the first chamber 201 is connected to the second chamber 202 and a first control valve 7 is provided between the first chamber 201 and the second chamber 202. The first control valve 7 is used to control the communication state between the first chamber 201 and the second chamber 202. When positive pressure is turned on, the valve is lifted to allow positive pressure to pass through; it automatically closes in the negative pressure stage. A first partition plate 22 is provided between the second chamber 202 and the third chamber 203 to isolate the positive pressure / negative pressure paths. Figure 5 As shown, the third chamber 203 and the fourth chamber 204 are connected, and a second control valve 8 is located between the third and fourth chambers 203, 204. The second control valve 8 controls the connection between the third and fourth chambers 203, 204. When negative pressure is activated, the valve is lifted, allowing secretions to be drawn into the liquid storage bottle 11; it automatically closes during positive pressure. A second partition plate 23 is located between the first and second chambers 201, 202. A first through-hole 16 is located in the center of the second partition plate 23, and four first vent holes 18 are distributed in a circular pattern around the first through-hole 16. The first control valve 7 includes a first spring 701 connected to the bottom surface of the second partition plate 23. A first spring rod 702 extends through the first spring 701. The other end of the first spring 701 is connected to the end of the first spring rod 702. The other end of the first spring rod 702 extends through the first through-hole 16 and is located on the upper side of the second partition plate 23. The first valve 703 completely covers the first vent holes 18. A third partition plate 24 is located between the third chamber 203 and the fourth chamber 204. A second through-hole 17 is located in the center of the third partition plate 24, and four second vent holes 19 are distributed in a circular pattern around the second through-hole 17. The second control valve 8 includes a second spring 801 connected to the bottom surface of the third partition plate 24. A second spring rod 802 extends through the interior of the second spring 801, and the other end of the second spring 801 is connected to the end of the second spring rod 802. The other end of the second spring rod 802 extends through the second through-hole 17 and is provided with a second flap 803 located on the upper side of the third partition plate 24. The second flap 803 completely covers the second vent holes 19. The positive and negative pressure switching valve 2 automatically switches between positive and negative pressure paths through a mechanical structure, ensuring unidirectional airflow and preventing backflow contamination. The positive-pressure suction tube 9 is connected to the second chamber 202, and one input end of the tee tube 3 is connected to the first chamber 201. The negative-pressure suction tube 10 is connected to the third chamber 203, and a liquid reservoir 11 is threadedly connected to the sidewall of the fourth chamber 204. The other input end of the tee tube 3 is connected to the liquid reservoir 11, which is used to collect subglottic secretions and can be disassembled and cleaned through the threaded connection with the fourth chamber 204. The output end of the tee tube 3 is connected to the suction tube 12, and one end of the suction tube 12 is provided with a connector 13. Connector 13 is adapted for a standard endotracheal tube interface and is used to connect to the patient's endotracheal tube / incision opening, directly acting on the subglottic area.

[0025] Working process

[0026] During operation, the microcontroller 6 controls the rotation speed of the positive and negative pressure vacuum pumps 5 according to preset parameters, and performs closed-loop regulation through feedback signals from the positive pressure gas flow meter 20 and the negative pressure gas flow meter 21 .

[0027] Positive pressure stage: The microcontroller 6 activates the positive pressure vacuum pump, and air flows through the positive pressure suction tube 9 into the second chamber 202. At this point, the pressure in the second chamber 202 rises, pushing the first valve 703 upward, thereby compressing the first spring 701. The first vent 18 opens, and the positive pressure air flows through the first chamber 201 into the three-way pipe 3, ultimately acting on the subglottic area through the suction tube 12. Simultaneously, the third chamber 203 is at normal pressure due to the deactivation of the negative pressure vacuum pump. The second valve 803, under the action of the second spring 801, closes the second vent 19, preventing the positive pressure from flowing back to the liquid storage bottle 11.

[0028] Switching transition: the vacuum pump stops, the first valve 703 / the second valve 803 is reset under the action of the spring, and the pressure in each chamber is balanced.

[0029] Negative pressure stage: The microcontroller 6 starts the negative pressure vacuum pump, negative pressure is generated in the third chamber 203, the second valve 803 is sucked up to open the second vent 19, and the secretions enter the liquid storage bottle 11 through the suction tube 12 and the three-way pipe 3 in sequence; at the same time, the first chamber 201 is closed due to the positive pressure vacuum pump, and the first valve 703 remains closed to prevent negative pressure leakage.

[0030] The present invention integrates a microcontroller 6 and a positive and negative pressure vacuum pump 5 in a housing 1, and utilizes a positive pressure output port 101 and a negative pressure output port 102 to respectively connect the positive and negative pressure suction tubes 10 to the positive and negative pressure switching valve 2, and cooperates with the structural design of the three-way tube 3 and the suction tube 12 to achieve a subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating continuous suction function precisely controlled by the microcontroller 6. In addition, the present invention also alternately conducts the positive pressure suction and negative pressure suction paths through the positive and negative pressure switching valve 2, so that the positive pressure airflow can loosen viscous secretions and the negative pressure airflow can efficiently absorb secretions. Combined with the real-time monitoring of the positive and negative pressure gas flowmeter 21 and the display screen 14, while avoiding damage to the respiratory mucosa by a single pressure, the efficiency of secretion clearance is improved, the incidence of complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia is reduced, and an automated and precise suction solution is provided for clinical subglottic secretion management.

[0031] In summary, the present invention can achieve alternating positive and negative pressure continuous suction of subglottic secretions. The positive pressure airflow can loosen viscous secretions, and the negative pressure airflow can efficiently absorb secretions, thereby improving the efficiency of secretion removal. In addition, the present invention can regulate gas pressure and monitor it in real time.

Claims

1. A continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device, characterized by: The invention comprises a housing (1), a positive-negative pressure switching valve (2) and a three-way pipe (3); a circuit board (4) and a positive-negative pressure vacuum pump (5) are provided in the housing (1); a microcontroller (6) is provided on the circuit board (4); the microcontroller (6) is electrically connected to the positive-negative pressure vacuum pump (5); a positive pressure output port (101) and a negative pressure output port (102) connected to the positive-negative pressure vacuum pump (5) are provided on one side of the housing (1); the positive pressure output port (101) is connected to a positive pressure suction pipe (9); the positive pressure suction pipe (9) is connected to the positive-negative pressure switching valve ( The positive pressure input end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve (2) is connected; the negative pressure output port (102) is connected to a negative pressure suction tube (10), and the negative pressure suction tube (10) is connected to the negative pressure input end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve (2); the lower end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve (2) is connected to a liquid storage bottle (11), the two input ends of the three-way tube (3) are respectively connected to the positive pressure output end of the positive and negative pressure switching valve (2) and the liquid storage bottle (11), the output end of the three-way tube (3) is connected to a suction tube (12), and one end of the suction tube (12) is provided with a connector (13).

2. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive and negative pressure switching valve (2) comprises a first chamber (201), a second chamber (202), a third chamber (203) and a fourth chamber (204) which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom; the first chamber (201) is connected to the second chamber (202) and a first control valve (7) is provided between the first chamber (201) and the second chamber (202), and the first control valve (7) is used to control the connection state between the first chamber (201) and the second chamber (202); a first partition plate (22) is provided between the second chamber (202) and the third chamber (203); the third chamber (203) is connected to the fourth chamber (204) and a second control valve (8) is provided between the third chamber (203) and the fourth chamber (204), and the second control valve (8) is used to control the connection state between the third chamber (203) and the fourth chamber (204).

3. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second partition plate (23) is provided between the first chamber (201) and the second chamber (202), a first through hole (16) is provided at the center of the second partition plate (23), and a plurality of first vent holes (18) are distributed in an annular pattern around the first through hole (16).

4. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first control valve (7) comprises a first spring (701) connected to the bottom surface of the second partition plate (23), a first spring rod (702) is inserted into the first spring (701), the other end of the first spring (701) is connected to the end of the first spring rod (702), the other end of the first spring rod (702) is inserted into the first through hole (16) and is provided with a first valve (703) located on the upper side of the second partition plate (23), and the first valve (703) completely covers the first vent hole (18).

5. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A third partition plate (24) is provided between the third chamber (203) and the fourth chamber (204), a second through hole (17) is provided at the center of the third partition plate (24), and a plurality of second vent holes (19) are distributed in an annular manner around the second through hole (17).

6. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second control valve (8) includes a second spring (801) connected to the bottom surface of the third partition plate (24), a second spring rod (802) is inserted into the second spring (801), and the other end of the second spring (801) is connected to the end of the second spring rod (802), the other end of the second spring rod (802) is inserted into the second through hole (17) and is provided with a second valve (803) located on the upper side of the third partition plate (24), and the second valve (803) completely covers the second vent hole (19).

7. The continuous subglottic alternating positive and negative pressure suction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positive pressure suction tube (9) is connected to the second chamber (202), and one input end of the three-way tube (3) is connected to the first chamber (201); the negative pressure suction tube (10) is connected to the third chamber (203), the liquid storage bottle (11) is threadedly connected to the side wall of the fourth chamber (204), and the other input end of the three-way tube (3) is connected to the liquid storage bottle (11).

8. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive pressure output port (101) is provided with a positive pressure gas flow meter (20), and the negative pressure output port (102) is provided with a negative pressure gas flow meter (21); the positive pressure gas flow meter (20) and the negative pressure gas flow meter (21) are respectively electrically connected to the microcontroller (6).

9. The continuous subglottic alternating positive and negative pressure suction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A display screen (14) is embedded in the front end of the housing (1), and the display screen (14) is electrically connected to the microcontroller (6).

10. The continuous subglottic positive and negative pressure alternating suction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of buttons (15) are provided at the front end of the housing (1), and the buttons (15) are electrically connected to the microcontroller (6).

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