Formula, preparation method and application of novel environment-friendly plastic brightening cleaning agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plastic surface treatment, in particular to an environment-friendly novel plastic brightening cleaning agent formula and a preparation method and application thereof. The formula consists of 25-35% of a high-polarity compound propylene carbonate, 5-15% of a moderate-polarity compound ethyl acetate and 55-65% of a low-polarity compound dimethyl carbonate according to a specific weight ratio, and during preparation, under the protection of nitrogen, the three components are stirred for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 20-30 DEG C at the speed of 200-400 rpm, and are sealed in an HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) barrel after being filtered by 0.5 mu m. The bright cleaning agent has low toxicity (VOCsilt; 50 g / L), rapid volatilization (the surface drying time is less than or equal to 3 minutes) and high biodegradability (gt; the sulfate crystals of the lead-acid storage battery shell can be efficiently removed (the wiping removal rate after spraying is gt; and moreover, the glossiness is obviously improved to be more than or equal to 85 GU (an incidence angle of 60 degrees). The method is simple in process, meets the international environmental protection standard (such as GB 38508-2020), is suitable for industrial production and multi-scene application, has efficient cleaning and environmental protection safety, and is suitable for industrial production and multi-scene application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plastic surface treatment, in particular to a formula of an environmentally friendly novel plastic brightening cleaning agent, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional plastic brighteners mostly use organic solvents containing benzene, ketones or halogenated hydrocarbons (such as toluene, acetone, chloroform, ether, methyl ethyl ketone). Although they can improve the glossiness to a certain extent, they have the following problems:

[0003] High toxicity: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to the health of operators. For example, chloroform is classified as Class 2B by IARC, and dichloromethane is Class 2A, both of which are possible carcinogens. Methyl ethyl ketone (butanone) is more toxic than acetone, and long-term exposure may cause liver damage.

[0004] Environmental pollution: The solvents pollute the atmosphere after evaporation, and some components are difficult to degrade, which is not in line with the trend of green chemical industry.

[0005] Flammability: Traditional solvents have a low flash point (such as acetone's flash point -20°C), and the formula is highly flammable, which can easily cause fire accidents.

[0006] In recent years, environmentally friendly solvents (such as carbonates and acetates) have gradually been explored to replace traditional formulations, but the following technical bottlenecks still exist:

[0007] Insufficient solubility and gloss effect: A single solvent has limited solubility for stains on the plastic surface, and the gloss enhancement effect (usually <80GU) cannot meet high-demand scenarios;

[0008] Poor synergy and stability: The mixed solvent ratio lacks scientific design, resulting in unclear synergistic effects, easy stratification or unbalanced volatilization rate;

[0009] Cost and process limitations: Some environmentally friendly solvents are expensive or require complex processes (such as multi-step post-processing), making them difficult to promote industrially.

[0010] Based on the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a plastic brightener with a low-toxic, biodegradable solvent as the core, and achieve the following goals by optimizing the polarity gradient ratio:

[0011] Significantly improve the glossiness of plastic surfaces (≥90GU, 60° incident angle);

[0012] Reduce VOCs emissions and human toxicity (LD50 ≥ 2000mg / kg);

[0013] Improve the solvent evaporation rate (touch dry time ≤ 3 minutes) and reduce operator health risks;

[0014] Adapt to a variety of plastic substrates (such as PVC, ABS, PP, PET);

[0015] Applicable to the appearance treatment of aftermarket batteries for lead-acid batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0016] Based on the problems existing in the above background technology, the present invention proposes a new environmentally friendly plastic brightening cleaning agent formula and its preparation method and application, which is suitable for improving the surface gloss of plastic products and reducing toxicity risks to the environment and human body.

[0017] The invention discloses a formula for an environmentally friendly new plastic brightener cleaning agent. The brightener cleaning agent formula is obtained by mixing high-polarity compounds, intermediate-polarity compounds and low-polarity compounds according to a certain mass percentage ratio. The high-polarity compound is propylene carbonate, the intermediate-polarity compound is ethyl acetate, and the low-polarity compound is dimethyl carbonate. The mass percentages of propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl acetate (EA) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are 25-35%, 5-15% and 55-65%.

[0018] Preferably, the mass percentages of propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate are 30±2%:10±2%:60±2%.

[0019] Preferably, a method for preparing a new environmentally friendly plastic brightening cleaning agent comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1, weighing propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate respectively according to mass percentage;

[0021] S2, under nitrogen protection, adding the three substances weighed in step S1 into a sealed stirring container at a certain temperature and a specific stirring speed, and stirring for a certain time to obtain a mixed solvent;

[0022] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element to obtain a polish cleaning agent, and the polish cleaning agent is sealed and stored in an acid-resistant container.

[0023] Preferably, in step S2, the temperature range is 20-30°C (to avoid high temperatures accelerating PC decomposition or low temperatures reducing dissolution efficiency), the stirring speed is 200-400 rpm (a speed too low results in uneven mixing, while a speed too high causes solvent volatilization), and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes. In step S3, the acid-resistant container is an HDPE barrel. The brightener should be stored in a dark, moisture-proof container and away from oxidants.

[0024] Preferably, an environmentally friendly new plastic brightening cleaning agent is used, and the brightening cleaning agent is used in the fields of lead-acid battery processing and plastic parts cleaning.

[0025] Preferably, the lead-acid battery treatment is completed by the following steps: spraying or brushing the prepared bright cleaning agent on the outer shell surface of the lead-acid battery, wiping it after one minute, and completely removing the sulfate crystals.

[0026] Preferably, the cleaning of the plastic parts is completed by the following steps: the prepared bright cleaning agent is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, the parameters of the ultrasonic cleaning machine are set to: 40kHz, 40°C, the plastic parts are placed in it for 5 minutes, and after the decontamination is completed, there is no need to wash with water and it can be directly dried.

[0027] Preferably, the plastic part includes but is not limited to one of PVC, ABS, PP, and PET.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) Technical performance advantages

[0030] 1. Efficient cleaning and brightening

[0031] Sulfate crystal removal rate> 98%: Through the polar synergistic effect of DMC and PC, it quickly dissolves sulfate crystals (such as PbSO4) on the surface of the lead-acid battery shell and restores the battery appearance;

[0032] The glossiness is significantly improved: After treatment, the glossiness of the plastic surface (60° incident angle) is increased from 40GU to 85GU, which is close to the state of new products.

[0033] 2. Rapid evaporation and no residue

[0034] Surface drying time ≤ 3 minutes: The high volatility of DMC (boiling point 90°) and the auxiliary volatilization regulation of EA ensure rapid drying after cleaning, avoiding liquid residue that increases health and environmental risks.

[0035] 3. Excellent material compatibility

[0036] Plastic safety: Solvent solubility parameters (SP values) precisely match PP (17.8MPa1 / 2) and ABS (20.3MPa1 / 2) to avoid swelling, whitening or cracking;

[0037] Metal corrosion protection: The corrosion rate of copper sheet after immersion for 72 hours is less than 0.05mg / cm 2 d), much lower than traditional cleaning agents (0.38mg / cm 2 ·d).

[0038] (2) Environmental protection and safety advantages

[0039] 1. Low toxicity and occupational health protection

[0040] LD50>2000mg / kg (oral in rats): significantly lower than traditional toluene-containing formulas (LD50≈500mg / kg), reducing the risk of poisoning to operators;

[0041] VOCs emissions <50g / L (measured 42g / L): complies with GB38508-2020 standards, reducing respiratory irritation and air pollution.

[0042] 2. Excellent biodegradability

[0043] 28-day degradation rate >90% (OECD301B test): Solvent components (DMC, PC, EA) can be quickly and naturally decomposed to avoid soil and water pollution.

[0044] 3. Reduced flammability

[0045] Flash point > 40°C (mixed solvent): Compared with traditional solvents (such as acetone flash point -20°C), it greatly reduces the fire risk during storage and use.

[0046] (3) Economic benefits and process adaptability

[0047] 1. Multifunctional integration

[0048] A single treatment can achieve the triple effects of decontamination, brightening and protection, replacing traditional multi-step cleaning (such as acid washing + water washing + polishing), saving labor time and consumables costs.

[0049] 2. Strong process compatibility

[0050] Compatible with ultrasonic cleaning: can be directly used with 40kHz ultrasonic equipment, increasing processing efficiency by 50% (degreasing ABS plastic parts in 5 minutes);

[0051] No complicated post-processing is required: no residue is left after evaporation, eliminating the need for washing or wiping steps.

[0052] 3. Extend component life

[0053] Through the short-term film-forming effect of PC, the secondary oxidation of the battery shell is delayed and the frequency of after-sales maintenance is reduced.

[0054] (IV) Regulations and Market Competitiveness

[0055] Reduce corporate compliance costs, eliminate the need for additional waste gas treatment equipment (such as activated carbon adsorption towers), and reduce the risk of environmental penalties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, DMC in the present invention is the abbreviation for dimethyl carbonate, PC is the abbreviation for propylene carbonate, and EA is the abbreviation for ethyl acetate.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] S1, weigh 30% propylene carbonate (PC), 10% ethyl acetate (EA), and 60% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0059] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 300 rpm at 25°C for 20 minutes until homogeneous;

[0060] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0061] How to use brightening cleaning agent

[0062] ① Treatment of lead-acid batteries: spray or brush on the surface of the shell, wipe it off after one minute, and the sulfate crystals will be completely removed;

[0063] ②Plastic parts cleaning: Use ultrasonic cleaning (40kHz, 40℃, 5 minutes). No need to wash with water after decontamination, just dry directly.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] S1, weigh 25% propylene carbonate (PC), 15% ethyl acetate (EA), and 60% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0066] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 200 rpm at 20°C for 20 minutes until homogeneous;

[0067] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0068] The application method of the bright cleaning agent is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] S1, weigh 35% of propylene carbonate (PC), 15% of ethyl acetate (EA), and 50% of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0071] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 300 rpm at 30°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous;

[0072] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0073] The application method of the bright cleaning agent is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] S1, weigh 30% propylene carbonate (PC), 5% ethyl acetate (EA), and 65% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0076] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 400 rpm at 25°C for 25 minutes until homogeneous;

[0077] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0078] The application method of the bright cleaning agent is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] S1, weigh 30% propylene carbonate (PC), 15% ethyl acetate (EA), and 55% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0081] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 200 rpm at 25°C for 25 minutes until homogeneous;

[0082] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0083] The application method of the bright cleaning agent is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0084] Example 6

[0085] S1, weigh 8% propylene carbonate (PC), 12% ethyl acetate (EA), and 60% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0086] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 300 rpm at 30°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous;

[0087] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0088] The application method of the bright cleaning agent is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0089] Example 7

[0090] S1, weigh 28% of propylene carbonate (PC), 10% of ethyl acetate (EA), and 62% of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to mass percentage;

[0091] S2, under nitrogen protection, the three solvents in step S1 were added to a sealed stirring container, and stirred at 400 rpm at 25°C for 25 minutes until homogeneous;

[0092] S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element and then filling it into an acid-resistant HDPE container and storing it in the dark.

[0093] The application method of the bright cleaning agent is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 1 (Solvent Type Replacement)

[0095] Comparative Example 1 is a method in which DMC in Example 1 is replaced with diethyl carbonate (DEC). The preparation parameters, mass percentage, and application method of the brightener cleaning agent in Comparative Example 1 are completely the same as those in Example 1.

[0096] Comparison of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 Potential effects: DEC in Comparative Example 1 has similar solubility (dielectric constant 2.8) and can dissolve sulfate crystals.

[0097] Comparative Example 1 has the following defects: the volatility of the prepared bright cleaning agent is reduced (boiling point 126° C.), the surface drying time is extended to ≥8 minutes, and the risk of short circuit is increased.

[0098] Comparative Example 2 (Solvent Type Replacement)

[0099] Comparative Example 2 is a method in which the PC in Example 1 is replaced with γ-butyrolactone (GBL). The preparation parameters, mass percentages, and application method of the brightening cleaning agent in Comparative Example 2 are completely the same as those in Example 1.

[0100] Comparison of Comparative Example 2 with Example 1 Potential effects: GBL in Comparative Example 2 has strong permeability to oxides and can enhance the decontamination effect.

[0101] Comparative Example 2 has the following defects: the prepared brightening cleaning agent has poor biodegradability (degradation rate <30%) and is classified as a controlled chemical (precursor raw material) with a high compliance risk.

[0102] Comparative Example 3 (Solvent Type Replacement)

[0103] Comparative Example 3 is to replace EA in Example 1 with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA). The preparation parameters, mass percentage and application method of the brightening cleaning agent in Comparative Example 3 are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0104] Comparison of Comparative Example 3 with Example 1 shows potential effects: PMA in Comparative Example 3 has better leveling properties and reduces surface streaks.

[0105] Defects of Comparative Example 3: The VOC content of the prepared bright cleaning agent is increased (about 75g / L), exceeding the limit of GB38508-2020, and requires additional waste gas treatment.

[0106] The core advantages of Comparative Examples 1-3 are compared with those of Example 1, as shown in the following table:

[0107]

[0108] Table 1 Comparison of the core advantages of comparative examples 1-3 and embodiment 1 of the present invention

[0109] Comparative Example 4 (Solvent Ratio Adjustment)

[0110] In Comparative Example 4, the mass percentages of the three solvents in Example 1 were adjusted to DMC:PC:EA=50%:35%:15%. The preparation parameters and the application method of the bright cleaning agent were completely the same as those in Example 1.

[0111] Potential advantages of Comparative Example 4 over Example 1: Increasing the PC ratio can improve the acid stain neutralization ability;

[0112] Comparative Example 4 has the following defects: the reduction of DMC leads to a decrease in the volatilization rate (touch-free time>5 minutes), and the residue may cause battery leakage.

[0113] Comparative Example 5 (Solvent Ratio Adjustment)

[0114] In Comparative Example 5, the mass percentages of the three solvents in Example 1 were adjusted to DMC:PC:EA=70%:20%:10%. The preparation parameters and the application method of the bright cleaning agent were completely the same as those in Example 1.

[0115] The potential advantages of Comparative Example 5 over Example 1 are: the increased proportion of DMC accelerates volatilization and is suitable for use in high temperature environments;

[0116] Comparative Example 5 has the following defects: the PC ratio is insufficient, the sulfate removal rate drops to 85%, and the metal corrosion protection ability is weakened.

[0117] Comparative Example 6 (Functional Additive Expansion)

[0118] Comparative Example 6 is to add 1-5% of a surfactant (such as an alkyl polyglycoside) to the formula of Example 1. The preparation parameters, mass percentages and application method of the brightening cleaning agent in Comparative Example 6 are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0119] Potential advantages of Comparative Example 6 over Example 1: increased emulsification of stubborn oil stains;

[0120] Comparative Example 6 has the following disadvantages: it introduces biological toxicity (LD50 of some surfactants is less than 1000 mg / kg) and affects the biodegradability of the solvent.

[0121] Comparative Example 7 (Functional Additive Expansion)

[0122] Comparative Example 7 is obtained by adding 0.5-2% of a corrosion inhibitor (such as benzotriazole) to the formula of Example 1. The preparation parameters, mass percentages, and application method of the bright cleaning agent in Comparative Example 7 are completely the same as those in Example 1.

[0123] The potential advantages of Comparative Example 7 over Example 1: further reducing the metal corrosion rate (copper sheet weight loss rate <0.01 mg / cm2.d);

[0124] Comparative Example 7 has the following drawbacks: it increases the complexity of the formula, increases the cost by 30%, and requires additional declaration of chemical compliance.

[0125] In summary, the present invention is irreplaceable. Adjusting the solvent type or ratio will significantly degrade at least one key performance factor. None of the alternatives in the comparative examples simultaneously meet the four core objectives of efficient cleaning (sulfate removal >98%), rapid volatilization (≤3 minutes), full regulatory compliance (VOC, biodegradability), and low cost.

[0126] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new environmentally friendly plastic brightening cleaning agent formula, characterized by: The bright cleaning agent formula is obtained by mixing high-polarity compounds, intermediate-polarity compounds and low-polarity compounds in a certain mass percentage ratio. The high-polarity compound is propylene carbonate, the intermediate-polarity compound is ethyl acetate, and the low-polarity compound is dimethyl carbonate. The mass percentages of propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate are 25-35%: 5-15%: 55-65%.

2. The environmentally friendly new plastic brightening cleaning agent formula according to claim 1 is characterized by: The mass percentages of propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate are 30±2%:10±2%:60±2%.

3. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly novel plastic brightening cleaning agent according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The preparation steps are as follows, S1, weighing propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate respectively according to mass percentage; S2, under nitrogen protection, adding the three substances weighed in step S1 into a sealed stirring container at a certain temperature and a specific stirring speed, and stirring for a certain time to obtain a mixed solvent; S3, filtering the mixed solvent after stirring in step S2 through a 0.5 μm filter element to obtain a polish cleaning agent, and the polish cleaning agent is sealed and stored in an acid-resistant container.

4. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly novel plastic brightening cleaning agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the temperature range is 20-30°C, the stirring speed is 200-400 rpm, and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes. In step S3, the acid-resistant container is a HDPE barrel.

5. The use of an environmentally friendly new plastic brightening cleaning agent according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The bright cleaning agent is used in the fields of lead-acid battery processing and plastic parts cleaning.

6. The use of an environmentally friendly new plastic brightening cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lead-acid battery treatment is completed by spraying or brushing the prepared bright cleaning agent on the outer shell surface of the lead-acid battery, wiping it after one minute, and completely removing the sulfate crystals.

7. The use of an environmentally friendly new plastic brightening cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cleaning of the plastic parts is completed by the following steps: the prepared bright cleaning agent is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, the parameters of the ultrasonic cleaning machine are set to: 40kHz, 40°C, the plastic parts are placed in it for 5 minutes, and after the decontamination is completed, there is no need to wash with water and they are directly dried.

8. The use of an environmentally friendly new plastic brightening cleaning agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plastic part includes but is not limited to one of PVC, ABS, PP, and PET.

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