Laser cladding device and cladding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser cladding device and a cladding method, and relates to the technical field of laser cladding, the laser cladding device comprises a fence, a six-axis industrial robot is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the fence, and a laser cladding head is fixedly arranged on an end effector of the six-axis industrial robot; an air feeder, a water cooler, a laser and an electrical cabinet are sequentially arranged on the left side of the six-axis industrial robot from back to front, and a nitrogen cylinder, a robot control cabinet and a console are sequentially arranged on the right side of the six-axis industrial robot from back to front; and a workbench is arranged under the laser cladding head, a positioning mechanism is arranged at the top of the workbench, and a base body stored material output mechanism is arranged on the left side of the positioning mechanism. Feeding, discharging, positioning and positioning releasing of the base body can be automatically completed, the automation degree is higher, labor is saved, meanwhile, the time needed by operation is shortened, the overall laser cladding efficiency of the base body is improved, and the laser cladding device can be suitable for industrial laser cladding machining of the same base body in a large scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular to a laser cladding device and a cladding method. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding is a surface modification technology that uses high-energy-density lasers to melt materials with special functions onto low-cost base materials to achieve desired changes in the composition, structure, and properties of the base materials. It is an interdisciplinary high-tech technology involving multiple disciplines such as optics, mechanics, electronics, computers, materials, physics, and chemistry.

[0003] In the prior art, when performing laser cladding processing on a substrate, it is necessary to first place the substrate on top of a workbench and position it, and then enable a six-axis industrial robot to drive the laser cladding head to run along a set path. After the robot runs to the starting point, the protective gas is turned on, the powder feeder discharges powder, and the laser emits light according to the set power. The stainless steel powder is melted under the action of the high-energy laser and then cooled, and finally formed on the surface of the substrate. After the processing is completed, the substrate is released from its position and then removed from the workbench.

[0004] However, after actual research by technicians in this field, it was found that the above workflow still has some shortcomings. The most obvious one is that the loading and positioning process of the substrate, as well as the unloading and releasing process of the substrate, all need to be performed manually, which is manpower-consuming and time-consuming. It has a great impact on the overall laser cladding efficiency of the substrate and cannot be effectively applied to the industrial laser cladding processing of large quantities of the same substrate.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a laser cladding device and a cladding method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a laser cladding device and a cladding method, which are provided with a workbench, a positioning mechanism, a substrate storage and output mechanism, a substrate lifting mechanism and a toggle mechanism, so that the substrate lifting mechanism can be used to drive the toggle mechanism, and then the toggle mechanism can trigger the substrate storage and output mechanism. After the substrate storage and output mechanism is triggered, the substrate to be laser clad is transported to the top of the substrate lifting mechanism. If there is a processed substrate on the top of the substrate lifting mechanism at this time, the processed substrate is automatically output under the push of the unprocessed substrate, and the subsequent substrate lifting mechanism drives the substrate to rise to the laser At the cladding station, the positioning mechanism blocks the substrate lifting mechanism to ensure that the substrate is continuously in the laser cladding station. Then the substrate lifting mechanism triggers the positioning mechanism to complete the positioning of the substrate, thereby providing a prerequisite for the subsequent laser cladding processing of the substrate, so as to solve the problem that the substrate loading and positioning process and the substrate unloading and positioning release process proposed in the above background technology need to be performed manually, which is manpower-consuming and time-consuming, and has a great impact on the overall laser cladding efficiency of the substrate, and cannot be effectively applied to the industrial laser cladding processing of large quantities of the same substrate.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a laser cladding device comprising a fence, a six-axis industrial robot disposed in the middle of the inner side of the fence, a laser cladding head fixedly disposed on the end effector of the six-axis industrial robot, a blower, a water cooler, a laser, and an electrical cabinet disposed on the left side of the six-axis industrial robot in order from back to front, and a nitrogen cylinder, a robot control cabinet, and a control console disposed on the right side of the six-axis industrial robot in order from back to front; A workbench is provided directly below the laser cladding head, a positioning mechanism is provided on the top of the workbench, a substrate storage and output mechanism is provided on the left side of the positioning mechanism, a substrate lifting mechanism is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the workbench, and a toggle mechanism is provided on the outside of the substrate lifting mechanism; The substrate lifting mechanism drives the toggle mechanism, the toggle mechanism triggers the substrate storage and output mechanism, the substrate storage and output mechanism transports the substrate to be laser clad to the top of the substrate lifting mechanism, the substrate lifting mechanism drives the substrate to rise to the laser cladding station, the positioning mechanism blocks the substrate lifting mechanism, and the substrate lifting mechanism triggers the positioning mechanism to complete the positioning of the substrate.

[0008] Preferably, the workbench includes a shell, a processing trough, a discharge trough, a material guide baffle and a mounting frame; The processing trough is opened at the top of the shell, the discharge trough is opened at the middle of the right side of the shell, the material guide baffle is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the discharge trough and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell, and the mounting frame is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the shell cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the positioning mechanism includes an outer frame, a sliding shaft, a positioning clamping plate, a push block and a first spring; The outer frame is fixedly arranged on the top of the shell and is located outside the processing groove. The sliding shaft slides through the outer frame. The positioning clamp is fixedly arranged on the inner end of the sliding shaft and guide inclined surfaces are provided at both ends of its inner side. The push block is fixedly arranged on the outer end of the sliding shaft and an inclined surface is provided at the bottom. The first spring is sleeved on the outside of the sliding shaft and fixedly connected between the outer frame and the push block.

[0010] Preferably, the substrate storage and output mechanism includes a fixing plate, a positioning frame, a receiving channel, a discharge channel, a first guide groove, an extension arm, a discharge push plate and a second spring; The fixed plate is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the inner cavity of the shell, the positioning frame is fixedly arranged on the top of the fixed plate and a plurality of bases are stacked on the inner side thereof in a vertical direction, the accommodating channel is arranged at the bottom of the left side of the positioning frame, the discharging channel is opened at the bottom of the right side of the positioning frame, the first guide groove is opened at the bottom of the fixed plate, the extension arm is slidably arranged on the inner side of the first guide groove, the discharging push plate is located on the inner side of the accommodating channel and is fixedly arranged on the top of the extension arm and an inclined surface is provided on the left side thereof, and the second spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the shell and the extension arm.

[0011] Preferably, the base lifting mechanism includes a reciprocating screw, a motor, a lifting frame, a sliding column and a third spring; The reciprocating screw passes through the mounting frame and is rotatably connected to the mounting frame through a bearing. The motor is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the mounting frame and is transmission-connected to the reciprocating screw. The lifting frame is sleeved on the outer side of the reciprocating screw and is transmission-connected to the reciprocating screw. Both ends of the lifting frame are slidingly connected to the inner wall of the shell. Two sliding columns and two third springs are respectively provided. The two sliding columns are respectively slidably penetrated and arranged on the front and rear sides of the top of the lifting frame. The two third springs are respectively sleeved on the outside of the two sliding columns. The third spring is fixedly connected between the lifting frame and the placement table.

[0012] Preferably, the base lifting mechanism further includes a placement platform, a second guide groove and a push rod; The placing platform is fixedly arranged on the top of the two sliding columns, the second guide groove is opened at the left end of the placing platform, two push rods are provided, and the two push rods are respectively fixedly arranged on the front and rear ends of the top of the lifting frame and the tops of the two push rods are provided with inclined surfaces.

[0013] Preferably, the toggle mechanism includes a mounting plate, a threaded sleeve, a toggle plate, a torsion spring, a one-way screw, a connecting plate, an outer ring and a fourth spring; The mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the left side inside the shell, the threaded sleeve is rotatably nested on the inner side of the mounting plate through a bearing, the shift plate is fixedly sleeved on the top outside the threaded sleeve, the torsion spring is sleeved on the outside of the threaded sleeve and fixedly connected between the mounting plate and the shift plate, the one-way screw is threadedly connected to the inner side of the threaded sleeve, the connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the one-way screw, the outer ring is fixedly arranged on the right end of the connecting plate and sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw, and the fourth spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the shell and the bottom of the connecting plate.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a laser cladding method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned laser cladding device. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1. The motor drives the reciprocating screw to rotate, which drives the lifting frame to move downward. At this time, the placement table cannot move downward synchronously due to the obstruction of the material guide baffle on the placement table. Therefore, as the lifting frame continues to move downward, the sliding column rises relative to the lifting frame and the third spring is stretched; S2, the bottom end of the lifting frame contacts the top of the outer collar, and then as the lifting frame continues to move downward, the outer collar drives the one-way screw to move downward on the inside of the threaded sleeve through the connecting plate. During the downward movement of the one-way screw, the threaded sleeve is driven to rotate, and the rotation of the threaded sleeve drives the dial plate to rotate synchronously. When the dial plate rotates, the extension arm is gradually dialed. After the extension arm is dialed, the second spring is stretched and the second spring is moved right along the first guide groove. During the rightward movement of the extension arm, the lowermost substrate is pushed by the discharging push plate, so that the substrate is moved out through the discharging channel and moved to the top of the placement table. If there is a processed substrate on the top of the placement table at this time, the processed substrate falls on the top of the guide baffle under the push of the unprocessed substrate and is output through the discharging chute; S3, the extension arm moves to the rightmost end of the inner side of the second guide groove, and the lifting frame moves to the bottommost end of the reciprocating thread outside the reciprocating screw. At this time, the base is completely pushed to the top of the placement table. Subsequently, as the reciprocating screw continues to rotate, the lifting frame moves up and resets. During the upward movement of the lifting frame, the downward pressure on the outer ring is gradually released. At this time, the compressed fourth spring drives the connecting plate to move up and reset. When the connecting plate moves up and resets, the threaded sleeve and the dial plate are reset through the one-way screw. The stretched second spring drives the discharging push plate to reset through the extension arm. During the resetting process of the discharging push plate, the discharging push plate lifts the base at the bottom of the inner side of the positioning frame through its left inclined surface and returns to the inner side of the accommodating channel again; S4: The lifting frame reaches the initial position. As the reciprocating screw continues to rotate, the lifting frame drives the placement table to continue to move upward through the sliding column and the third spring, and at the same time drives the push rod to continue to move upward; S5. The bottom of the placement table is in contact with the bottom of the positioning clamp. At this time, the positioning clamp blocks the placement table, and the base is located between the two positioning clamps. Subsequently, as the lifting frame continues to move upward, the placement table that cannot move upward compresses the third spring, and the sliding column moves downward relative to the placement table. At the same time, the lifting frame continues to drive the push rod to move upward; S6. The inclined surface of the top of the push rod fits into the inclined surface of the bottom of the push block. As the push rod continues to move upward, the push block moves inward due to the push of the push rod. During the inward movement of the push block, the first spring is compressed, and at the same time, the positioning clamping plate is driven inward through the sliding shaft. During the inward movement, the positioning clamping plate contacts the base on the top of the placement table and positions it; S7, the positioning clamp completes the positioning of the base, and the lifting frame moves to the top of the reciprocating thread outside the reciprocating screw, at which time the motor is stopped; S8. The six-axis industrial robot drives the laser cladding head to run along the set path. After the six-axis industrial robot runs to the starting point, the nitrogen bottle supplies protective gas to the laser cladding head, and the blower supplies stainless steel powder to the laser cladding head. The laser emits light according to the set power. The stainless steel powder is melted under the action of the high-energy laser and then cooled. Finally, it is formed on the surface of the substrate to complete the laser cladding process of the substrate. S9. Start the motor. At this time, the motor drives the lifting frame to move down and reset through the reciprocating screw. As the lifting frame continues to move down, the positioning mechanism releases the clamping of the processed substrate. Then the placement table drives the processed substrate to continue to move down, and the lifting frame reaches the initial position again.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: The present invention is provided with a workbench, a positioning mechanism, a substrate material storage output mechanism, a substrate lifting mechanism and a toggle mechanism, so that the substrate lifting mechanism is used to drive the toggle mechanism, and then the toggle mechanism triggers the substrate material storage output mechanism. After the substrate material storage output mechanism is triggered, the substrate to be laser clad is transported to the top of the substrate lifting mechanism. If there is a processed substrate on the top of the substrate lifting mechanism at this time, the processed substrate is automatically output under the push of the unprocessed substrate. Subsequently, the substrate lifting mechanism drives the substrate to rise to the laser cladding station, and the positioning mechanism blocks the substrate lifting mechanism to ensure that the substrate is continuously in the laser cladding station. Subsequently, the substrate lifting mechanism triggers the positioning mechanism to complete the positioning of the substrate, thereby providing a prerequisite for subsequent laser cladding processing of the substrate. Compared with existing devices of the same type, the present invention can automatically complete the loading and unloading, positioning and releasing of the substrate, with a higher degree of automation, saving manpower while shortening the operation time, so as to improve the overall laser cladding efficiency of the substrate, and can be suitable for industrial laser cladding processing of large quantities of the same substrates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1It is a schematic top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the workbench structure of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the workbench of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the workbench of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the positioning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate material storage and output mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the base lifting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the toggle mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 A powder path diagram of the laser cladding device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a light path diagram of the laser cladding device of the present invention; Figure 11 It is a waterway diagram of the laser cladding device of the present invention; Figure 12 It is a gas path diagram of the laser cladding device of the present invention; Figure 13 This is the power supply line circuit diagram of the present invention; Figure 14 A1 connection circuit diagram of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a bus connection circuit diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure: 1. Fence; 11. Six-axis industrial robot; 12. Laser cladding head; 13. Blower; 14. Water cooler; 15. Laser; 16. Electrical cabinet; 17. Nitrogen cylinder; 18. Robot control cabinet; 19. Control console; 2. Workbench; 21. Housing; 22. Processing trough; 23. Discharge chute; 24. Material guide baffle; 25. Mounting frame; 3. Positioning mechanism; 31. Outer frame; 32. Sliding shaft; 33. Positioning clamp; 34. Push block; 35. First spring; 4. Matrix material storage and output mechanism; 41. Fixing plate; 42 , positioning frame; 43. accommodating channel; 44. discharging channel; 45. first guide groove; 46. extension arm; 47. discharging push plate; 48. second spring; 5. base lifting mechanism; 51. reciprocating screw; 52. motor; 53. lifting frame; 54. sliding shaft; 55. third spring; 56. placement table; 57. second guide groove; 58. push rod; 6. toggle mechanism; 61. mounting plate; 62. threaded sleeve; 63. toggle plate; 64. torsion spring; 65. one-way screw; 66. connecting plate; 67. outer ring; 68. fourth spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides Figures 1-15 A laser cladding device is shown, comprising a fence 1, with a six-axis industrial robot 11 disposed in the middle of the inner side of the fence 1. A laser cladding head 12 is fixedly mounted on the end effector of the six-axis industrial robot 11. A blower 13, a water cooler 14, a laser 15, and an electrical cabinet 16 are disposed on the left side of the six-axis industrial robot 11 in order from back to front. A nitrogen cylinder 17, a robot control cabinet 18, and a control console 19 are disposed on the right side of the six-axis industrial robot 11 in order from back to front. It should also be noted that the above-mentioned six-axis industrial robot 11, laser cladding head 12, blower 13, water cooler 14, laser 15, electrical cabinet 16, nitrogen cylinder 17, robot control cabinet 18 and console 19 are all equipment that can be directly purchased in the existing technology, and are not necessary technical features of this application. Therefore, this application does not elaborate on the specific connection relationship between the above-mentioned structures.

[0020] A workbench 2 is provided directly below the laser cladding head 12, a positioning mechanism 3 is provided on the top of the workbench 2, a substrate storage and output mechanism 4 is provided on the left side of the positioning mechanism 3, a substrate lifting mechanism 5 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the workbench 2, and a toggle mechanism 6 is provided on the outside of the substrate lifting mechanism 5; The substrate lifting mechanism 5 drives the toggle mechanism 6, and the toggle mechanism 6 triggers the substrate storage and output mechanism 4. The substrate storage and output mechanism 4 transports the substrate to be laser clad to the top of the substrate lifting mechanism 5. The substrate lifting mechanism 5 drives the substrate to rise to the laser cladding station. The positioning mechanism 3 blocks the substrate lifting mechanism 5, and the substrate lifting mechanism 5 triggers the positioning mechanism 3 to complete the positioning of the substrate.

[0021] like Figure 4 As shown, the workbench 2 includes a shell 21, a processing trough 22, a discharge trough 23, a material guide baffle 24 and a mounting bracket 25, wherein the processing trough 22 is opened at the top of the shell 21, the discharge trough 23 is opened in the middle of the right side of the shell 21, the material guide baffle 24 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the discharge trough 23 and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell 21, and the mounting bracket 25 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell 21.

[0022] like Figure 5 As shown, the positioning mechanism 3 includes an outer frame 31, a sliding shaft 32, a positioning clamping plate 33, a push block 34 and a first spring 35, wherein the outer frame 31 is fixedly arranged on the top of the shell 21 and is located on the outside of the processing groove 22, the sliding shaft 32 slides through the outer frame 31, the positioning clamping plate 33 is fixedly arranged on the inner end of the sliding shaft 32 and both ends of its inner side are provided with guide inclined surfaces, the push block 34 is fixedly arranged on the outer end of the sliding shaft 32 and the bottom is provided with an inclined surface, and the first spring 35 is sleeved on the outside of the sliding shaft 32 and fixedly connected between the outer frame 31 and the push block 34.

[0023] By setting the above structure, the inclined surface at the top of the push rod 58 fits with the inclined surface at the bottom of the push block 34. Subsequently, as the push rod 58 continues to move upward, the push block 34 moves inward due to the push of the push rod 58. During the inward movement of the push block 34, the first spring 35 is compressed, and at the same time, the positioning splint 33 is driven inward through the sliding shaft 32. During the inward movement of the positioning splint 33, it contacts the base at the top of the placement table 56 and positions it.

[0024] like Figure 6 As shown, the substrate storage and output mechanism 4 includes a fixed plate 41, a positioning frame 42, a accommodating channel 43, a discharge channel 44, a first guide groove 45, an extension arm 46, a discharge push plate 47 and a second spring 48, wherein the fixed plate 41 is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the inner cavity of the shell 21, the positioning frame 42 is fixedly arranged on the top of the fixed plate 41 and a plurality of substrates are stacked on its inner side in the vertical direction, the accommodating channel 43 is arranged at the bottom left of the positioning frame 42, the discharge channel 44 is opened at the bottom right of the positioning frame 42, the first guide groove 45 is opened at the bottom of the fixed plate 41, the extension arm 46 is slidably arranged on the inner side of the first guide groove 45, the discharge push plate 47 is located on the inner side of the accommodating channel 43 and is fixedly arranged at the top of the extension arm 46 and an inclined surface is provided on its left side, and the second spring 48 is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the shell 21 and the extension arm 46.

[0025] By setting the above-mentioned workbench 2 and substrate storage and output mechanism 4, the extension arm 46 is gradually pushed when the dial plate 63 rotates. After the extension arm 46 is pushed, the second spring 48 is stretched and the extension arm 46 moves to the right along the first guide groove 45. During the rightward movement of the extension arm 46, the discharge push plate 47 pushes the bottom substrate, so that the substrate moves out through the discharge channel 44 and moves to the top of the placement table 56. If there is a processed substrate on the top of the placement table 56 at this time, the processed substrate falls on the top of the guide baffle 24 under the push of the unprocessed substrate and is output through the discharge chute 23.

[0026] like Figure 7As shown, the base lifting mechanism 5 includes a reciprocating screw 51, a motor 52, a lifting frame 53, a sliding column 54, a third spring 55, a placement platform 56, a second guide groove 57 and a push rod 58, wherein the reciprocating screw 51 passes through the mounting frame 25 and is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 25 through a bearing, the motor 52 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the mounting frame 25 and is transmission-connected to the reciprocating screw 51, the lifting frame 53 is sleeved on the outer side of the reciprocating screw 51 and is transmission-connected to the reciprocating screw 51, both ends of the lifting frame 53 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the shell 21, and the sliding column 54 There are two third springs 55, and the two sliding columns 54 are respectively slid through the front and rear sides of the top of the lifting frame 53. The two third springs 55 are respectively sleeved on the outside of the two sliding columns 54. The third spring 55 is fixedly connected between the lifting frame 53 and the placement platform 56. The placement platform 56 is fixedly set at the top of the two sliding columns 54. The second guide groove 57 is opened at the left end of the placement platform 56. There are two push rods 58, and the two push rods 58 are respectively fixed at the front and rear ends of the top of the lifting frame 53 and their tops are both provided with inclined surfaces.

[0027] By setting up the above structure, the motor 52 drives the reciprocating screw 51 to rotate, and the reciprocating screw 51 drives the lifting frame 53 to move downward when it rotates. At this time, due to the obstruction of the placement table 56 by the material guide baffle 24, the placement table 56 cannot move downward synchronously. Therefore, as the lifting frame 53 continues to move downward, the sliding column 54 rises relative to the lifting frame 53 and the third spring 55 is stretched.

[0028] like Figure 8 As shown, the toggle mechanism 6 includes a mounting plate 61, a threaded sleeve 62, a toggle plate 63, a torsion spring 64, a one-way screw 65, a connecting plate 66, an outer collar 67 and a fourth spring 68, wherein the mounting plate 61 is fixedly arranged on the left side inside the housing 21, the threaded sleeve 62 is rotatably nested on the inner side of the mounting plate 61 through a bearing, the toggle plate 63 is fixedly sleeved on the top outside the threaded sleeve 62, the torsion spring 64 is sleeved on the outside of the threaded sleeve 62 and fixedly connected between the mounting plate 61 and the toggle plate 63, the one-way screw 65 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the threaded sleeve 62, the connecting plate 66 is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the one-way screw 65, the outer collar 67 is fixedly arranged on the right end of the connecting plate 66 and sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw 51, and the fourth spring 68 is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the housing 21 and the bottom of the connecting plate 66.

[0029] By setting the above structure, the bottom end of the lifting frame 53 is in contact with the top of the outer ring 67. As the lifting frame 53 continues to move downward, the outer ring 67 drives the one-way screw 65 to move downward inside the threaded sleeve 62 through the connecting plate 66. During the downward movement of the one-way screw 65, the threaded sleeve 62 is driven to rotate. When the threaded sleeve 62 rotates, the shift plate 63 is driven to rotate synchronously.

[0030] When the lifting frame 53 moves up subsequently, the lifting frame 53 gradually releases the downward pressure on the outer ring 67. At this time, the compressed fourth spring 68 drives the connecting plate 66 to move up and reset. When the connecting plate 66 moves up and resets, the one-way screw 65 drives the threaded sleeve 62 and the dial plate 63 to reset. The stretched second spring 48 drives the discharging push plate 47 to reset through the extension arm 46. During the resetting process of the discharging push plate 47, the discharging push plate 47 lifts the bottom base inside the positioning frame 42 through its left inclined surface and returns to the inside of the accommodating channel 43 again.

[0031] The present invention also discloses a laser cladding method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned laser cladding device. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1. The motor 52 drives the reciprocating screw 51 to rotate. The reciprocating screw 51 rotates, and the lifting frame 53 moves downward. At this time, the placement table 56 is blocked by the material guide baffle 24, and the placement table 56 cannot move downward synchronously. Therefore, as the lifting frame 53 continues to move downward, the sliding column 54 rises relative to the lifting frame 53 and the third spring 55 is stretched. When the one-way screw 65 moves downward, the threaded sleeve 62 is driven to rotate, and the threaded sleeve 62 rotates, and the dial plate 63 rotates synchronously. When the dial plate 63 rotates, the extension arm 46 is gradually dialed. After the extension arm 46 is dialed, the second spring 48 is stretched and the second spring 48 is stretched. At the same time, it moves right along the first guide groove 45. During the rightward movement of the extension arm 46, the discharge push plate 47 pushes the lowermost substrate, so that the substrate is moved out through the discharge channel 44 and moved to the top of the placement table 56. If there is a processed substrate on the top of the placement table 56 at this time, the processed substrate falls on the top of the guide baffle 24 under the push of the unprocessed substrate and is output through the discharge chute 23. S3, the extension arm 46 moves to the rightmost end of the inner side of the second guide groove 57, and the lifting frame 53 moves to the bottommost end of the reciprocating thread outside the reciprocating screw 51. At this time, the base is completely pushed to the top of the placement table 56. Subsequently, as the reciprocating screw 51 continues to rotate, the lifting frame 53 moves up and resets. During the upward movement of the lifting frame 53, the downward pressure on the outer ring 67 is gradually released. At this time, the compressed fourth spring 68 drives the connecting plate 66 to move up and reset. When the connecting plate 66 moves up and resets, the threaded sleeve 62 and the dial plate 63 are reset through the one-way screw 65. The stretched second spring 48 drives the discharging push plate 47 to reset through the extension arm 46. During the resetting process of the discharging push plate 47, the discharging push plate 47 lifts the base at the bottom of the inner side of the positioning frame 42 through its left inclined surface and returns to the inner side of the accommodating channel 43 again; S4: The lifting frame 53 reaches the initial position. As the reciprocating screw 51 continues to rotate, the lifting frame 53 drives the placement platform 56 to continue to move upward through the sliding column 54 and the third spring 55, and at the same time drives the push rod 58 to continue to move upward; S5. The bottom of the placement platform 56 is in contact with the bottom of the positioning clamping plate 33. At this time, the positioning clamping plate 33 blocks the placement platform 56. At the same time, the base body is located between the two positioning clamping plates 33. Subsequently, as the lifting frame 53 continues to move upward, the placement platform 56, which is unable to move upward, compresses the third spring 55. The sliding column 54 moves downward relative to the placement platform 56. At the same time, the lifting frame 53 continues to drive the push rod 58 to move upward. S6. The inclined surface of the top of the push rod 58 fits with the inclined surface of the bottom of the push block 34. Subsequently, as the push rod 58 continues to move upward, the push block 34 moves inward due to the push of the push rod 58. During the inward movement of the push block 34, the first spring 35 is compressed, and at the same time, the positioning clamping plate 33 is driven inward through the sliding shaft 32. During the inward movement, the positioning clamping plate 33 contacts the base on the top of the placement table 56 and positions it. S7: The positioning clamp 33 completes the positioning of the base, and the lifting frame 53 moves to the top of the reciprocating thread outside the reciprocating screw 51, at which time the motor 52 is stopped; S8. The six-axis industrial robot 11 drives the laser cladding head 12 to run along a set path. After the six-axis industrial robot 11 runs to the starting point, the nitrogen cylinder 17 supplies protective gas to the laser cladding head 12. The blower 13 supplies stainless steel powder to the laser cladding head 12. The laser 15 emits light at a set power. The stainless steel powder is melted by the high-energy laser and then cooled. Finally, it is formed on the surface of the substrate, thereby completing the laser cladding process of the substrate. S9, start the motor 52. At this time, the motor 52 drives the lifting frame 53 to move down and reset through the reciprocating screw 51. As the lifting frame 53 continues to move down, the positioning mechanism 3 releases the clamping of the processed substrate. Then the placement table 56 drives the processed substrate to continue to move down, and the lifting frame 53 reaches the initial working position again.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cladding device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fence (1), wherein a six-axis industrial robot (11) is provided in the middle of the inner side of the fence (1), a laser cladding head (12) is fixedly provided on the end effector of the six-axis industrial robot (11), a blower (13), a water cooler (14), a laser (15) and an electrical cabinet (16) are provided on the left side of the six-axis industrial robot (11) in sequence from back to front, and a nitrogen bottle (17), a robot control cabinet (18) and a control console (19) are provided on the right side of the six-axis industrial robot (11) in sequence from back to front; A workbench (2) is provided directly below the laser cladding head (12); a positioning mechanism (3) is provided on the top of the workbench (2); a substrate storage and output mechanism (4) is provided on the left side of the positioning mechanism (3); a substrate lifting mechanism (5) is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the workbench (2); and a toggle mechanism (6) is provided on the outside of the substrate lifting mechanism (5); The substrate lifting mechanism (5) drives the toggle mechanism (6), the toggle mechanism (6) triggers the substrate storage and output mechanism (4), the substrate storage and output mechanism (4) transports the substrate to be laser clad to the top of the substrate lifting mechanism (5), the substrate lifting mechanism (5) drives the substrate to rise to the laser cladding station, the positioning mechanism (3) blocks the substrate lifting mechanism (5), and the substrate lifting mechanism (5) triggers the positioning mechanism (3) to complete the positioning of the substrate.

2. A laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (2) comprises a housing (21), a processing trough (22), a discharge trough (23), a material guide baffle (24) and a mounting frame (25); The processing groove (22) is opened at the top of the shell (21), the discharge groove (23) is opened at the middle of the right side of the shell (21), the material guide baffle (24) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the discharge groove (23) and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell (21), and the mounting frame (25) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell (21).

3. The laser cladding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning mechanism (3) comprises an outer frame (31), a sliding shaft (32), a positioning clamp (33), a push block (34) and a first spring (35); The outer frame (31) is fixedly arranged on the top of the shell (21) and is located outside the processing groove (22); the sliding shaft (32) slides through the outer frame (31); the positioning clamp (33) is fixedly arranged on the inner end of the sliding shaft (32) and both ends of the inner side are provided with guiding inclined surfaces; the push block (34) is fixedly arranged on the outer end of the sliding shaft (32) and the bottom is provided with an inclined surface; the first spring (35) is sleeved on the outside of the sliding shaft (32) and fixedly connected between the outer frame (31) and the push block (34).

4. The laser cladding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The substrate storage and output mechanism (4) comprises a fixing plate (41), a positioning frame (42), a receiving channel (43), a discharge channel (44), a first guide groove (45), an extension arm (46), a discharge push plate (47) and a second spring (48); The fixed plate (41) is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the inner cavity of the shell (21), the positioning frame (42) is fixedly arranged on the top of the fixed plate (41) and a plurality of substrates are stacked vertically on the inner side thereof, the accommodating channel (43) is arranged at the bottom of the left side of the positioning frame (42), the discharging channel (44) is opened at the bottom of the right side of the positioning frame (42), the first guide groove (45) is opened at the bottom of the fixed plate (41), the extension arm (46) is slidably arranged on the inner side of the first guide groove (45), the discharging push plate (47) is located on the inner side of the accommodating channel (43) and is fixedly arranged at the top of the extension arm (46) and an inclined surface is provided on the left side thereof, and the second spring (48) is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the shell (21) and the extension arm (46).

5. The laser cladding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base lifting mechanism (5) comprises a reciprocating screw (51), a motor (52), a lifting frame (53), a sliding column (54) and a third spring (55); The reciprocating screw (51) passes through the mounting frame (25) and is rotationally connected to the mounting frame (25) through a bearing. The motor (52) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the mounting frame (25) and is transmission-connected to the reciprocating screw (51). The lifting frame (53) is sleeved on the outer side of the reciprocating screw (51) and is transmission-connected to the reciprocating screw (51). Both ends of the lifting frame (53) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the shell (21). Two sliding columns (54) and two third springs (55) are provided. The two sliding columns (54) are respectively slidably passed through the front and rear sides of the top of the lifting frame (53). The two third springs (55) are respectively sleeved on the outer sides of the two sliding columns (54). The third spring (55) is fixedly connected between the lifting frame (53) and the placement table (56).

6. The laser cladding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base lifting mechanism (5) further includes a placement platform (56), a second guide groove (57) and a push rod (58); The placing platform (56) is fixedly arranged at the top of the two sliding columns (54), the second guide groove (57) is opened at the left end of the placing platform (56), and two push rods (58) are provided. The two push rods (58) are respectively fixedly arranged at the front and rear ends of the top of the lifting frame (53) and the tops of the two push rods are provided with inclined surfaces.

7. The laser cladding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The toggle mechanism (6) comprises a mounting plate (61), a threaded sleeve (62), a toggle plate (63), a torsion spring (64), a one-way screw (65), a connecting plate (66), an outer ring (67) and a fourth spring (68); The mounting plate (61) is fixedly arranged on the left side inside the housing (21); the threaded sleeve (62) is rotatably nested and arranged on the inner side of the mounting plate (61) through a bearing; the shift plate (63) is fixedly sleeved and arranged on the top outside the threaded sleeve (62); the torsion spring (64) is sleeved and arranged on the outside of the threaded sleeve (62) and fixedly connected between the mounting plate (61) and the shift plate (63); the one-way screw (65) is threadedly connected to the inner side of the threaded sleeve (62); the connecting plate (66) is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the one-way screw (65); the outer ring (67) is fixedly arranged on the right end of the connecting plate (66) and sleeved and arranged on the outside of the reciprocating screw (51); and the fourth spring (68) is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the housing (21) and the bottom of the connecting plate (66).

8. A laser cladding method, characterized in that: The method is implemented using a laser cladding device according to claim 7, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1, the motor (52) drives the reciprocating screw (51) to rotate, and the reciprocating screw (51) drives the lifting frame (53) to move downward when rotating. At this time, due to the obstruction of the placement table (56) by the guide baffle (24), the placement table (56) cannot move downward synchronously. Therefore, as the lifting frame (53) continues to move downward, the sliding column (54) rises relative to the lifting frame (53) and the third spring (55) is stretched; S2, the bottom end of the lifting frame (53) contacts the top of the outer ring (67), and as the lifting frame (53) continues to move downward, the outer ring (67) drives the one-way screw (65) to move downward inside the threaded sleeve (62) through the connecting plate (66). During the downward movement of the one-way screw (65), the threaded sleeve (62) is driven to rotate. When the threaded sleeve (62) rotates, the dial plate (63) is driven to rotate synchronously. When the dial plate (63) rotates, the extension arm (46) is gradually dialed, and the extension arm (46) is extended. 6) After being toggled, the second spring (48) is stretched and simultaneously moves rightward along the first guide groove (45). During the rightward movement of the extension arm (46), the bottom substrate is pushed by the discharge push plate (47), so that the substrate moves out through the discharge channel (44) and moves to the top of the placement table (56). If there is a processed substrate on the top of the placement table (56) at this time, the processed substrate falls on the top of the guide baffle (24) under the push of the unprocessed substrate and is output through the discharge chute (23); S3, the extension arm (46) moves to the rightmost end of the inner side of the second guide groove (57), and the lifting frame (53) moves to the bottommost end of the reciprocating thread on the outer side of the reciprocating screw (51). At this time, the base body is completely pushed to the top of the placement table (56). Subsequently, as the reciprocating screw (51) continues to rotate, the lifting frame (53) moves up and resets. During the upward movement of the lifting frame (53), the downward pressure on the outer ring (67) is gradually released. At this time, the compressed fourth spring (68) drives the connecting plate (66) to move up and reset. When the connecting plate (66) moves up and resets, it drives the threaded sleeve (62) and the dial plate (63) to reset through the one-way screw (65). The stretched second spring (48) drives the discharge push plate (47) to reset through the extension arm (46). During the reset process of the discharge push plate (47), the discharge push plate (47) lifts the base body at the bottom of the inner side of the positioning frame (42) through its left inclined surface and returns to the inner side of the accommodating channel (43) again; S4, the lifting frame (53) reaches the initial position, and subsequently, as the reciprocating screw (51) continues to rotate, the lifting frame (53) drives the placement table (56) to continue to move upward through the sliding column (54) and the third spring (55), and at the same time drives the push rod (58) to continue to move upward; S5, the bottom of the placement table (56) is fitted with the bottom of the positioning splint (33), at this time the positioning splint (33) blocks the placement table (56), and the base is located between the two positioning splints (33), and subsequently as the lifting frame (53) continues to move upward, the placement table (56) that cannot continue to move upward compresses the third spring (55), and the sliding column (54) moves downward relative to the placement table (56), and at the same time the lifting frame (53) continues to drive the push rod (58) to move upward; S6, the inclined surface of the top of the push rod (58) fits with the inclined surface of the bottom of the push block (34), and subsequently as the push rod (58) continues to move upward, the push block (34) moves inward due to the push of the push rod (58), and the first spring (35) is compressed during the inward movement of the push block (34), and at the same time, the positioning splint (33) is driven inward through the sliding shaft (32), and the positioning splint (33) contacts the base on the top of the placement table (56) during the inward movement and positions it; S7, the positioning clamp (33) completes the positioning of the base, and the lifting frame (53) moves to the top of the reciprocating thread outside the reciprocating screw (51), and the motor (52) is stopped at this time; S8, the six-axis industrial robot (11) drives the laser cladding head (12) to run along a set path. After the six-axis industrial robot (11) runs to the starting point, the nitrogen bottle (17) delivers protective gas to the laser cladding head (12), the blower (13) delivers stainless steel powder to the laser cladding head (12), the laser (15) emits light according to the set power, the stainless steel powder is melted under the action of the high-energy laser and then cooled, and finally formed on the surface of the substrate to complete the laser cladding processing of the substrate; S9, start the motor (52), at which time the motor (52) drives the lifting frame (53) to move down and reset through the reciprocating screw (51). As the lifting frame (53) continues to move down, the positioning mechanism (3) releases the clamping of the processed substrate, and then the placement table (56) drives the processed substrate to continue to move down, and the lifting frame (53) reaches the initial position again.

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