Gabion gabion net cage system for reinforcing high-fill embankment of expressway

Abstract

The invention discloses a gabion gabion net cage system for reinforcing a high-fill embankment of an expressway, belongs to the technical field of gabion gabion net cages, and solves the problems that in the prior art, external loads are resisted only through self-strength, and the gabion gabion net cage system and a filling body are difficult to form a synergistic deformation whole, so that the structure is cracked and fails. The system comprises an excavation roadbed, at least one group of filling slope foundations, gabion gabion gabion net cages and backfill discrete materials, according to the gabion gabion gabion grid net cage, through the synergistic effect of tensile resistance of the steel wire mesh and shear resistance of the block stones, the gabion gabion gabion grid net cage and the filling discrete material form a flexible-rigid composite structure, so that the high tensile property of the steel wire mesh can effectively restrain horizontal displacement and deep slippage of the filling material, and deformation of a side slope along a potential slippage face is restrained; and the gradation matching performance of the block stone filling structure and the backfill discrete materials enhances the occlusion effect between the materials, and the shear strength and the overall rigidity of the slope are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of gabion boxes, and in particular relates to a gabion box system for reinforcing high-fill embankments of highways. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid expansion of my country's expressway network, the total mileage reached 183,600 kilometers by the end of 2023. Many sections of these roads were constructed using semi-cut-and-fill or high-fill embankments due to topographical constraints. These embankments, formed by filling with a soil-rock mixture to create steep slopes, effectively address the challenges of route layout in complex terrain, but their long-term operational safety remains a significant challenge. Due to their large fill height and high self-weight stress, high-fill embankments are susceptible to geological conditions (soft foundation settlement, karst development), external loads (heavy traffic, earthquakes), and environmental factors (rainwater infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles). These factors often experience slope slippage, fill deformation, and localized collapse, becoming a major hazard to expressway operation safety. Statistics show that the proportion of accidents such as roadbed collapse and pavement cracking caused by high-fill embankment instability has been increasing year by year, resulting in significant economic losses and threatening the lives of passing vehicles and personnel.

[0003] In order to address the safety hazards of high embankments, existing technologies mainly use traditional reinforcement measures such as retaining walls, frame beams, ground beams, arch frames and retaining piles. However, these methods have significant limitations in practical applications. First, traditional reinforcement measures are mostly passive protective structures, relying solely on their own strength to resist external loads. These structures struggle to form a coordinated deformation with the fill, and are prone to cracking and failure during long-term operation due to continued settlement or differential deformation of the fill. Second, construction costs are high. For example, concrete retaining walls require extensive formwork installation, rebar tying, and concrete pouring, while retaining piles require large-scale machinery for drilling and pouring the pile bodies. The combined cost generally accounts for 15%-20% of the total project investment. Third, construction cycles are long. Traditional processes involve multiple steps, including material transportation, foundation preparation, structural pouring, and maintenance. Reinforcement of a single section of embankment often takes months, severely impacting the progress of highway construction or maintenance. Fourth, durability is insufficient. Concrete structures are susceptible to environmental erosion (such as chloride ion penetration and freeze-thaw damage), and metal frameworks are prone to rust and failure. Consequently, maintenance is frequent and difficult, further increasing the overall lifecycle cost. To address these issues, we propose a gabion cage system for reinforcing high-fill embankments on highways. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments on highways. It solves the problem that the existing technology only resists external loads by its own strength, is difficult to form a coordinated deformation whole with the fill body, and is prone to structural cracking and failure due to continuous settlement or differential deformation of the fill body during long-term operation.

[0005] To address the safety hazards of high fill embankments, existing technologies primarily employ traditional reinforcement measures such as retaining walls, frame beams, ground beams, arched frames, and retaining piles. However, these methods exhibit significant limitations in practical application: traditional reinforcement measures are mostly passive protective structures, relying solely on their own strength to resist external loads. This makes it difficult to achieve coordinated deformation with the fill. Over long-term operation, these structures are susceptible to cracking and failure due to continuous settlement or differential deformation of the fill. To address these issues, we propose a gabion box system for reinforcing high fill embankments on highways. Briefly, the system consists of an excavated roadbed, at least one set of fill slopes, gabion boxes, and backfill bulk material. The fill slope is constructed within the excavated roadbed. The fill slope is composed of layered backfill bulk material, forming the slope structure of the high fill embankment and supporting at least one set of gabion boxes. The gabion boxes are laid on a critical layer of the fill slope to constrain the displacement of the backfill bulk material, enhance the shear strength of the slope, and enhance overall stability. In the embodiment of the present invention, the gabion box system used for reinforcing high fill embankments of highways is different from the traditional passive protection structure (which only resists external loads by its own strength). The gabion box forms a "flexible-rigid" composite structure with the bulk fill material through the synergistic effect of the tensile strength of the wire mesh and the shear resistance of the block stone, so that the high tensile strength of the wire mesh can effectively constrain the horizontal displacement and deep slip of the fill material, and inhibit the deformation of the slope along the potential slip surface; and the gradation matching of the block stone filling structure and the backfill bulk material enhances the bite effect between the materials, significantly improving the shear strength and overall stiffness of the slope. On the other hand, the key layer layout (1-3 layers) of the gabion box can be dynamically adjusted according to the fill height and slope stability analysis results, accurately covering areas prone to stress concentration or deformation (such as slope toe and platform edge), and adapting to complex terrain and geological conditions; the wire mesh is galvanized for corrosion protection, and the block stone filling structure forms a self-protection system with a tight bite rate of more than 85%, which can effectively resist environmental erosion such as rainwater infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles and chloride ion erosion, thereby extending the service life of the excavated roadbed; at the same time, the permeable design between the backfill bulk material and the block stones filling the gaps in the box can accelerate the discharge of rainwater, reduce the internal water pressure of the fill, and further enhance the long-term anti-deformation ability.

[0006] The present invention is realized as follows: a gabion box system for reinforcing high embankment of highway, the system comprising an excavated roadbed, at least one group of embankment slopes, gabion boxes and backfill bulk materials;

[0007] Among them, the fill slope base is opened in the excavated roadbed. The fill slope base is composed of layered backfill bulk materials, which is used to form the slope structure of the high fill embankment and to support at least one group of gabion boxes. The gabion boxes are laid on the key layer of the fill slope base to constrain the displacement of the backfill bulk materials, enhance the shear strength of the slope and the overall stability.

[0008] The excavated roadbed is the original terrain area formed by excavation during the construction of the expressway. The surface of the excavated roadbed needs to be leveled and meet the geological bearing requirements of the fill slope. The backfill bulk material is transported to the fill slope by engineering vehicles and compacted layer by layer. When the height of the fill slope exceeds the critical safety value, the fill slope is reinforced by a layered filling combined with gabion box reinforcement process.

[0009] The gabion box is composed of high-strength hexagonal steel wire mesh and block gravel, and is laid on the key layer of the fill slope. The length of the gabion box is determined by the lateral width of the fill slope, and the height matches the thickness of the fill layer. The adjacent gabion boxes are staggered to form a mesh-like overall structure.

[0010] The gabion box is a stone filling structure in a "cross" or "tic-tac-toe" shape, which is closed by a flexible steel wire mesh so that the stone and the backfill bulk material are subjected to force in coordination.

[0011] The key layer of the fill slope foundation is an area in the fill slope foundation that is easily deformed due to external loads or hydrological conditions, and the number of layers of the key layer is 1-3.

[0012] The backfill bulk material includes the following raw materials: sand, crushed rock and slag.

[0013] The construction method of the fill slope foundation comprises:

[0014] S10, bottom leveling: Perform fine leveling on the excavated roadbed surface, remove loose soil and sharp protrusions, ensure the base flatness error is less than ±50mm, and use a vibratory roller for pre-compaction to ensure that the base bearing capacity meets the design requirements;

[0015] S20, layered filling: Spread the backfill bulk material in layers with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 meters. Use a heavy roller to compact each layer after paving. The compaction degree must reach more than 95%;

[0016] S30, laying of gabion boxes: after each layer of fill slope is completed, laying of gabion boxes;

[0017] S40, backfill between cages: fill the gaps between adjacent gabions with bulk backfill materials in layers, using small compacting equipment for local compaction to ensure that the cages and backfill materials are tightly combined;

[0018] S50, cyclic construction: repeat steps S20-S40, and after each layer of fill slope is completed, lay gabions and mesh boxes until the fill slope reaches the designed height.

[0019] The method for laying gabion boxes comprises:

[0020] S301, Positioning and Layout: Determine the cage laying position according to the design drawings and use a total station to accurately lay out;

[0021] S302, cage installation: unfold the high-strength flexible steel wire mesh and fix it on the surface of the fill slope to form a cage frame;

[0022] S303, filling with rocks: Fill the cage with hard rocks with a particle size of 200-500mm, with a filling rate of more than 85%, ensuring that the rocks fit tightly together;

[0023] S304, closing the cage: Use galvanized steel wire to close the top of the cage to form a flexible overall structure, completing the laying of the gabion cage.

[0024] The dimensions of the gabion boxes are 10 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 1.1 meters high, and the distance between adjacent gabion boxes is 0.7 meters.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0026] In the embodiment of the present invention, the gabion box system used for reinforcing high fill embankments of highways is different from the traditional passive protection structure. The gabion box forms a "flexible-rigid" composite structure with the bulk fill material through the synergistic effect of the tensile strength of the wire mesh and the shear resistance of the block stones, so that the high tensile strength of the wire mesh can effectively constrain the horizontal displacement and deep sliding of the fill material, and inhibit the deformation of the slope along the potential slip surface; and the gradation matching of the block stone filling structure and the backfill bulk material enhances the bite effect between the materials, significantly improving the shear strength and overall stiffness of the slope. On the other hand, the key layer layout of the gabion box can be dynamically adjusted according to the fill height and slope stability analysis results, accurately covering areas prone to stress concentration or deformation, and adapting to complex terrain and geological conditions; the wire mesh is galvanized for corrosion protection, and the block stone filling structure forms a self-protection system with a tight bite rate of more than 85%, which can effectively resist environmental erosion such as rainwater infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles and chloride ion erosion, extending the service life of the excavated roadbed; at the same time, the permeable design between the backfill bulk material and the block stones filling the gaps in the box can accelerate the discharge of rainwater, reduce the internal water pressure of the fill, and further enhance the long-term anti-deformation ability.

[0027] This system makes full use of the waste soil and rock generated by roadbed excavation or the crushed stone resources around the project as backfill bulk materials, realizing the "waste into treasure" effect, and greatly reducing the dependence of traditional reinforcement measures on high-cost building materials such as cement, sand, gravel, and steel; at the same time, the gabion box adopts a combination structure of standardized wire mesh and block stone. The material is light in weight and easy to transport. It does not require large-scale mechanical lifting, which reduces the cost of material procurement and transportation.

[0028] An embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for a fill slope foundation. The system employs a collaborative construction process of "layered filling and synchronous deployment": after each layer (0.3-0.5 meters) of fill slope foundation is completed, gabions and gabions are immediately laid and filled with stone blocks, eliminating the need to wait for the fill to fully consolidate or perform complex foundation treatments. The gabions are staggered to form a mesh structure that is compacted simultaneously with the fill material, significantly reducing the time required for formwork installation, concrete pouring, and maintenance in traditional processes. The reinforcement cycle for a single section of embankment can be shortened from the traditional several months to a few weeks, significantly improving construction efficiency. This method is particularly suitable for renovation, expansion, or emergency reinforcement projects with tight deadlines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fill slope foundation without laying gabion boxes is shown.

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the fill slope foundation for laying gabion boxes is shown.

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the filling of the slope foundation in Example 3 of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figure 4 Shown is a structural schematic diagram of a gabion box.

[0033] Figure 5 The diagram shows the homogeneous soil embankment structure when performing fill height and slope stability analysis according to Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application or the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0035] To address the safety hazards of high fill embankments, existing technologies primarily employ traditional reinforcement measures, such as retaining walls, frame beams, ground beams, arched frames, and retaining piles. However, these methods exhibit significant limitations in practical application: Traditional reinforcement measures are mostly passive protective structures, relying solely on their own strength to resist external loads. These structures struggle to achieve coordinated deformation with the fill, and over long-term operation, they are prone to structural cracking and failure due to continued settlement or differential deformation of the fill. To address the above issues, we have proposed a gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments on highways. In short, the system consists of an excavated roadbed 1, at least one group of embankment slopes 2, gabion boxes 3, and backfill bulk materials. The embankment slope 2 is opened in the excavated roadbed 1. The embankment slope 2 is composed of layered backfill bulk materials, which are used to form the slope structure of the high embankment and to support at least one group of gabion boxes 3. The gabion boxes 3 are laid on the key layer of the embankment slope 2 to constrain the displacement of the backfill bulk materials, enhance the shear strength of the slope and the overall stability. In the embodiment of the present invention, the gabion box system used for reinforcing high fill embankments of highways is different from the traditional passive protection structure (which only resists external loads by its own strength). The gabion box 3 forms a "flexible-rigid" composite structure with the bulk fill material through the synergistic effect of the tensile strength of the wire mesh and the shear resistance of the block stone, so that the high tensile strength of the wire mesh can effectively restrain the horizontal displacement and deep slip of the fill material, and inhibit the deformation of the slope along the potential slip surface; and the gradation matching of the block stone filling structure and the backfill bulk material enhances the bite effect between the materials, significantly improving the shear strength and overall stiffness of the slope. On the other hand, the key layer layout (1-3 layers) of the gabion box 3 can be dynamically adjusted according to the fill height and slope stability analysis results, accurately covering areas prone to stress concentration or deformation (such as slope toe and platform edge), and adapting to complex terrain and geological conditions; the wire mesh is galvanized for corrosion protection, and the block stone filling structure forms a self-protection system with a tight bite rate of more than 85%, which can effectively resist environmental erosion such as rainwater infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles and chloride ion erosion, thereby extending the service life of the excavated roadbed 1; at the same time, the permeable design between the backfill bulk material and the block stones filling the gaps in the box can accelerate the discharge of rainwater, reduce the internal water pressure of the fill, and further enhance the long-term anti-deformation ability.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The embodiment of the present invention provides a gabion box system for reinforcing high embankment of highways, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 It shows a schematic diagram of the fill slope 2 without laying the gabion box 3, Figure 2A schematic diagram of a fill slope 2 with gabion boxes 3 is shown. The gabion box system used for reinforcing high fill embankments on highways includes an excavated roadbed 1, at least one set of fill slope 2, gabion boxes 3, and backfill bulk material.

[0038] Among them, the fill slope base 2 is opened in the excavation roadbed 1. The fill slope base 2 is composed of layered backfill bulk materials, which is used to form the slope structure of the high fill embankment and to support at least one group of gabion boxes 3. The gabion boxes 3 are laid on the key layer of the fill slope base 2 to constrain the displacement of the backfill bulk materials, enhance the shear strength of the slope and the overall stability.

[0039] The excavated roadbed 1 is the original terrain area formed by excavation during the construction of the expressway, and provides spatial conditions for the construction of the fill slope base 2. The surface of the excavated roadbed 1 needs to be leveled and meet the geological bearing requirements of the fill slope base 2. The backfill bulk material is transported to the fill slope base 2 by engineering vehicles and compacted layer by layer.

[0040] It should be noted that the fill slope 2 is arranged in a stepped manner. When the height of the fill slope 2 exceeds the critical safety value, a layered filling process combined with gabion boxes 3 is used to reinforce the fill slope 2. The construction of the fill slope 2 (steps) must be based on topographic conditions and climatic characteristics, avoiding areas prone to geological disasters, and establishing a comprehensive drainage system. The layered thickness of the fill slope 2 (steps) is determined by the fill height and material properties. After each layer of filling is completed, gabion boxes 3 are laid to form a flexible, integrated reinforcement structure.

[0041] In this embodiment, the gabion box 3 is composed of high-strength hexagonal steel wire mesh and block gravel, and is laid on the key layer of the fill slope base 2. The length of the gabion box 3 is determined by the lateral width of the fill slope base 2, and the height matches the fill layer thickness. The spacing between adjacent boxes is dynamically adjusted according to the slope stability requirements. The adjacent gabion boxes 3 are staggered to form a mesh overall structure.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, the gabion box system used for reinforcing high embankments of highways is different from the traditional passive protection structure. The gabion box 3 forms a "flexible-rigid" composite structure with the bulk fill material through the synergistic effect of the tensile strength of the wire mesh and the shear strength of the block stone, so that the high tensile strength of the wire mesh can effectively constrain the horizontal displacement and deep sliding of the fill material, and inhibit the deformation of the slope along the potential slip surface; and the gradation matching of the block stone filling structure and the backfill bulk material enhances the bite effect between the materials, significantly improving the shear strength and overall stiffness of the slope. On the other hand, the key layer layout of the gabion box 3 can be dynamically adjusted according to the fill height and slope stability analysis results, accurately covering areas prone to stress concentration or deformation, and adapting to complex terrain and geological conditions; the wire mesh is galvanized for corrosion protection, and the block stone filling structure forms a self-protection system with a tight bite rate of more than 85%, which can effectively resist environmental erosion such as rainwater infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles and chloride ion erosion, thereby extending the service life of the excavated roadbed 1; at the same time, the permeable design between the backfill bulk material and the block stones filling the gaps in the box can accelerate the discharge of rainwater, reduce the internal water pressure of the fill, and further enhance the long-term anti-deformation ability.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, the key layer of the fill slope base 2 is an area in the fill slope base 2 that is easily deformed by external loads or hydrological conditions. The number of key layers is 1-3, which is determined based on the fill height and slope stability analysis results.

[0044] The gabion box 3 is a stone filling structure in a "cross" or "tic-tac-toe" shape, which is closed by a flexible steel wire mesh so that the stone and the backfill bulk material are subjected to force in coordination.

[0045] The backfill bulk material is selected from waste soil and rock generated from roadbed excavation or crushed stone resources surrounding the project. The backfill bulk material includes but is not limited to the following raw materials: sand, crushed rock, and slag, and its gradation must meet the fill compaction requirements. This system fully utilizes waste soil and rock generated from roadbed excavation or crushed stone resources surrounding the project as backfill bulk material, achieving a "waste-to-treasure" approach and significantly reducing traditional reinforcement measures' reliance on high-cost building materials such as cement, sand, gravel, and steel. Furthermore, the gabion box 3 utilizes a combination of standardized steel mesh and stone blocks, resulting in a lightweight material that is easy to transport and eliminates the need for large-scale lifting machinery, reducing material procurement and transportation costs.

[0046] The laying process of the gabion box 3 includes: prioritizing the key layer in the fill slope base 2 (step) where stress concentration or potential slip surface is likely to occur, and extending upward layer by layer as the filling operation progresses to form a multi-layer continuous reinforcement system.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a construction method for the fill slope base 2, and the construction method for the fill slope base 2 specifically includes:

[0049] S10, bottom leveling: Perform fine leveling on the surface of the excavated roadbed 1, remove loose soil layers and sharp protrusions, ensure that the base flatness error is less than ±50mm, and use a vibratory roller for pre-compaction to ensure that the base bearing capacity meets the design requirements;

[0050] In this embodiment, the excavated roadbed 1 is subjected to foundation bearing capacity testing to ensure that the base is flat and the bearing capacity meets the design requirements. For weak foundation areas, replacement or grouting reinforcement is used to avoid uneven settlement after the fill slope base 2 is constructed.

[0051] S20, layered filling: Spread the backfill bulk material in layers with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 meters. Use a heavy roller to compact each layer after paving. The compaction degree must reach more than 95%;

[0052] It should be noted that the critical layers of the fill slope base 2 (steps) are steps that are susceptible to shear stress concentration or potential slippage during the filling process, typically located in the middle or foot of the slope. The number of critical layers is determined by the fill height and geological conditions. In this embodiment, 2-4 layers are selected for the layout of the gabion boxes 3.

[0053] S30, laying out the gabion boxes 3: after each layer of the fill slope base 2 is completed, laying out the gabion boxes 3;

[0054] S40, filling between cages: backfill bulk material is filled in layers in the gaps between adjacent gabion cages 3, and small compacting equipment is used for local compaction to ensure that the cages and backfill material are tightly combined;

[0055] S50, cyclic construction: repeating steps S20-S40, laying gabion boxes 3 after each layer of fill slope base 2 is completed, until the fill slope base 2 reaches the designed height.

[0056] An embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for a fill slope base 2. The system utilizes a collaborative construction process of "layered filling and synchronous deployment": After each layer (0.3-0.5 meters) of fill slope base 2 is completed, gabions 3 are immediately laid and filled with stone blocks, eliminating the need to wait for the fill to fully consolidate or perform complex foundation treatments. The gabions are staggered to form a mesh structure that is compacted simultaneously with the fill material, significantly reducing the time required for formwork installation, concrete pouring, and maintenance in traditional processes. The reinforcement cycle for a single section of embankment can be shortened from the traditional several months to a few weeks, significantly improving construction efficiency. This method is particularly suitable for renovation, expansion, or emergency reinforcement projects with tight deadlines.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for laying the gabion box 3 comprises:

[0059] S301, Positioning and Layout: Determine the cage laying position according to the design drawings and use a total station to accurately lay out;

[0060] S302, cage installation: unfold the high-strength flexible steel wire mesh and fix it on the surface of the fill slope 2 to form a cage frame;

[0061] S303, filling with rocks: Fill the cage with hard rocks with a particle size of 200-500mm, with a filling rate of more than 85%, ensuring that the rocks fit tightly together;

[0062] S304, closing the cage: closing the top of the cage with galvanized steel wire to form a flexible overall structure, completing the laying of the gabion cage 3.

[0063] In this embodiment, the gabion boxes 3 are 10 meters long, 1.1 meters wide, and 1.1 meters high, with a spacing of 0.7 meters between adjacent gabion boxes 3. The boxes are filled with hard rock with a particle size of 200-500 mm, achieving a fill rate of over 85%. They are enclosed with high-strength galvanized steel mesh, forming a flexible, integrated structure. The gabion boxes 3 are arranged throughout all layers of the fill slope 2 (steps), and the spacing between the boxes is dynamically adjusted based on the mechanical properties of the fill material and the slope stability requirements, ensuring a continuous mesh reinforcement system.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown in FIG, a schematic diagram of the filling of the fill slope base 2 in Example 3 of the present invention is shown. The excavated roadbed 1 is compacted to form the base of the fill slope base 2 (step). The fill slope base 2 (step) is filled in layers with a height of 4 meters and a width of 10 meters per layer, and the slope is 1:1. After each layer is filled, the gabion box 3 is immediately laid, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, a structural diagram of the gabion box 3 is shown. The gabion box 3 has a size of 10 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 1.1 meters high, and is filled with basalt blocks with a particle size of 300 mm. The distance between adjacent boxes is 0.7 meters, and they are arranged in a "well" shape.

[0065] Specifically, the backfill material used was a mixture of crushed stone and clay from the roadbed excavation, compacted layer by layer to a thickness of 0.4 meters and a compaction degree of ≥96%. During construction, a strict cycle of bottom leveling, layered filling, cage placement, and backfill between cages was followed. The backfill rate was adjusted based on real-time monitoring data to ensure that embankment deformation remained within the permitted range.

[0066] In the embodiments of the present invention, the fill height and slope stability analysis results are used to determine the safety factor, which is a safety reserve indicator for the engineering structure or rock mass against damage, representing the ratio of its actual bearing capacity to the design load (or failure load). The larger the safety factor, the safer the structure or rock mass, and vice versa. In geotechnical engineering, the safety factor is often used to assess slope stability, foundation bearing capacity, and other factors to ensure sufficient safety under the design load.

[0067] When analyzing fill height and slope stability, the traditional Swedish strip method safety factor formula is expressed as:

[0068]

[0069] The traditional formula only considers the cohesion and friction of the soil itself, and does not consider the impact of the introduction of the gabion box 3 on the fill height and slope stability. This application analyzes the interaction between the gabion box 3 and the high fill embankment by introducing the shear contribution term of the gabion box 3.

[0070] In this embodiment, the safety factor formula after correction (adding the gabion box contribution term) is:

[0071]

[0072] Where: (c j =5-10kPa,σ x =k·σ z , k is the lateral earth pressure coefficient)

[0073] A j :Effective shear area of single-layer cage (m 2 )

[0074] s x :Horizontal spacing between cages (m)

[0075] W i =γh i b i (The width of the i-th soil strip b i , height h i )

[0076] The formula for calculating the critical number of layers is expressed as:

[0077]

[0078] In the embodiment of the present invention, by introducing the shear contribution term of the gabion box 3, the reinforcement mechanism of the gabion box 3 on the deformation and strength of the high fill embankment is revealed, and the revised formula quantifies the improvement effect of reinforcement measures (such as gabion box support) on slope stability by introducing the shear contribution term of the gabion box.

[0079] Figure 5 The following diagram shows the structure of a homogeneous soil embankment when performing fill height and slope stability analysis in Example 3 of the present invention. 3 , the internal friction angle is 13°, the cohesion is 10kPa, and there is no groundwater.

[0080] Without considering earthquake effects and ground overload effects, the soil strip division information is shown in Table 1.

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The calculation results of the safety factor according to the traditional Swedish strip method are as follows:

[0085] Anti-slip force:

[0086] Sliding force: ∑W i sinθ i =2705.5kN

[0087] Safety factor: F s =0.86

[0088] The calculation results for various scenarios based on the above steps are shown below. The minimum safety factor is 0.86, and the most dangerous sliding surface passes through the slope toe and 1 / 8 of the lane width from the left edge of the slope crest. Table 2 shows the safety factors for different sliding surface locations.

[0089] Table 2

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] According to the calculated slope safety factor less than 1, gabion box 3 was used for treatment, and the revised safety factor formula (including the gabion box contribution item) was used for calculation. Table 3 shows the contribution of gabion box 3.

[0093] Table 3

[0094]

[0095] From Table 3, it can be seen that after adding 3 gabion boxes, the safety factor is greater than 1.5, which meets the requirements of the project. Each layer of fill slope 2 (step) needs to be laid with 25 gabion boxes, with a horizontal spacing (S x ) is 0.7 meters, vertical spacing (S z ) is 4 meters, and the formula shows that the critical number of floors is 3.

[0096] In summary, the present invention provides a gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways. In the embodiments of the present invention, the gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways is different from the traditional passive protection structure (which only resists external loads by its own strength). The gabion box 3 forms a "flexible-rigid" composite structure with the bulk fill material through the synergistic effect of the tensile strength of the wire mesh and the shear resistance of the block stone, so that the high tensile strength of the wire mesh can effectively restrain the horizontal displacement and deep slip of the fill material, and suppress the deformation of the slope along the potential slip surface; and the gradation matching of the block stone filling structure and the backfill bulk material enhances the bite effect between the materials, significantly improving the shear strength and overall stiffness of the slope. On the other hand, the key layer layout (1-3 layers) of the gabion box 3 can be dynamically adjusted according to the fill height and slope stability analysis results, accurately covering areas prone to stress concentration or deformation (such as slope toe and platform edge), and adapting to complex terrain and geological conditions; the wire mesh is galvanized for corrosion protection, and the block stone filling structure forms a self-protection system with a tight bite rate of more than 85%, which can effectively resist environmental erosion such as rainwater infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles and chloride ion erosion, thereby extending the service life of the excavated roadbed 1; at the same time, the permeable design between the backfill bulk material and the block stones filling the gaps in the box can accelerate the discharge of rainwater, reduce the internal water pressure of the fill, and further enhance the long-term anti-deformation ability.

[0097] This system fully utilizes waste soil and rock generated from roadbed excavation or surrounding crushed stone resources as bulk backfill material, effectively turning waste into treasure. This significantly reduces traditional reinforcement measures' reliance on high-cost building materials such as cement, sand, gravel, and steel. Furthermore, the gabion box 3 utilizes a combination of standardized wire mesh and block stone, resulting in a lightweight and easy-to-transport material. This eliminates the need for large-scale lifting machinery, reducing material procurement and transportation costs. The system primarily uses waste soil and rock as backfill material, reducing the land occupation of waste sites and the ecological damage caused by new aggregate mining. Construction eliminates the need for large-scale concrete pouring, and the modular installation of the gabion boxes reduces mechanical energy consumption, meeting the requirements for green construction of transportation infrastructure under the "dual carbon" goals.

[0098] An embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for a fill slope base 2. The system utilizes a collaborative construction process of "layered filling and synchronous deployment": After each layer (0.3-0.5 meters) of fill slope base 2 is completed, gabions 3 are immediately laid and filled with stone blocks, eliminating the need to wait for the fill to fully consolidate or perform complex foundation treatments. The gabions are staggered to form a mesh structure that is compacted simultaneously with the fill material, significantly reducing the time required for formwork installation, concrete pouring, and maintenance in traditional processes. The reinforcement cycle for a single section of embankment can be shortened from the traditional several months to a few weeks, significantly improving construction efficiency. This method is particularly suitable for renovation, expansion, or emergency reinforcement projects with tight deadlines.

[0099] It should be noted that for the aforementioned embodiments, for simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should be aware that the present invention is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present invention, certain steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

[0100] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field can still combine, add, delete or make other adjustments to the features in the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict, without making creative work, so as to obtain different other technical solutions that do not deviate from the concept of the present invention in essence, and these technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gabion box system for reinforcing high embankment of highways, characterized in that: The system includes an excavated roadbed, at least one group of fill slope foundation, gabion boxes and backfill bulk materials; Among them, the fill slope base is opened in the excavated roadbed. The fill slope base is composed of layered backfill bulk materials, which is used to form the slope structure of the high fill embankment and to support at least one group of gabion boxes. The gabion boxes are laid on the key layer of the fill slope base to constrain the displacement of the backfill bulk materials, enhance the shear strength of the slope and the overall stability.

2. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavated roadbed is the original terrain area formed by excavation during the construction of the expressway. The surface of the excavated roadbed needs to be leveled and meet the geological bearing requirements of the fill slope. The backfill bulk material is transported to the fill slope by engineering vehicles and compacted layer by layer. When the height of the fill slope exceeds the critical safety value, the fill slope is reinforced by a layered filling combined with gabion box reinforcement process.

3. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gabion box is composed of high-strength hexagonal steel wire mesh and block gravel, and is laid on the key layer of the fill slope. The length of the gabion box is determined by the lateral width of the fill slope, and the height matches the thickness of the fill layer. The adjacent gabion boxes are staggered to form a mesh-like overall structure.

4. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The gabion box is a stone filling structure in the form of a "cross" or "tic-tac-toe" shape, which is closed by a flexible steel wire mesh so that the stone and the backfill bulk material are subjected to force in coordination.

5. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankment of highways according to claim 4, characterized in that: The key layer of the fill slope foundation is an area in the fill slope foundation that is easily deformed due to external loads or hydrological conditions, and the number of layers of the key layer is 1-3.

6. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The backfill bulk material includes the following raw materials: sand, crushed rock and slag.

7. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The construction method of the fill slope foundation comprises: S10, bottom leveling: Perform fine leveling on the excavated roadbed surface, remove loose soil and sharp protrusions, ensure the base flatness error is less than ±50mm, and use a vibratory roller for pre-compaction to ensure that the base bearing capacity meets the design requirements; S20, layered filling: Spread the backfill bulk material in layers with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 meters. Use a heavy roller to compact each layer after paving. The compaction degree must reach more than 95%; S30, laying of gabion boxes: after each layer of fill slope is completed, laying of gabion boxes; S40, backfill between cages: fill the gaps between adjacent gabions with bulk backfill materials in layers, using small compacting equipment for local compaction to ensure that the cages and backfill materials are tightly combined; S50, cyclic construction: repeat steps S20-S40, and after each layer of fill slope is completed, lay gabions and mesh boxes until the fill slope reaches the designed height.

8. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The method for laying gabion boxes comprises: S301, Positioning and Layout: Determine the cage laying position according to the design drawings and use a total station to accurately lay out; S302, cage installation: unfold the high-strength flexible steel wire mesh and fix it on the surface of the fill slope to form a cage frame; S303, filling with rocks: Fill the cage with hard rocks with a particle size of 200-500mm, with a filling rate of more than 85%, ensuring that the rocks fit tightly together; S304, closing the cage: Use galvanized steel wire to close the top of the cage to form a flexible overall structure, completing the laying of the gabion cage.

9. The gabion box system for reinforcing high embankments of highways according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dimensions of the gabion boxes are 10 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 1.1 meters high, and the distance between adjacent gabion boxes is 0.7 meters.

Images