Gravity retaining wall for river landscape

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of river management engineering technology, specifically to a gravity retaining wall for river landscape. It includes a base slab and a wall body. The water-facing side of the base slab is equipped with a toothed wall and pre-embedded U-shaped steel bars, connected to gabion cages by steel wire ropes to resist erosion. Pre-embedded stones on the top surface of the base slab enhance its interlocking with the wall body. The water-facing side of the wall body is faced with pebbles to enhance its aesthetics, and a planting groove is provided at the top for planting greenery. The wall body has a built-in dual drainage system: a first drainage pipe directs water from behind the wall into the planting groove for irrigation, and a second drainage pipe is dedicated to pressure relief drainage; both have a slope of 5%. This utility model integrates flood control, landscape, and ecological functions, solving the problems of poor water affinity and insufficient erosion resistance of traditional retaining walls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of river management engineering technology, specifically to an integral concrete gravity retaining wall structure that combines erosion resistance, ecological landscape, and drainage and irrigation functions. Background Technology

[0002] Gravity retaining walls are widely used in river flood control projects with low retaining heights (usually no more than 5 meters) due to their ease of construction and lack of reinforcement requirements. However, with the increasing standards of urban and rural ecological governance and the growing demand for waterfront spaces, the limitations of traditional structures are becoming increasingly apparent: concrete walls have a rigid texture and are difficult to coordinate with the natural riverbank landscape, disrupting the visual continuity of the aquatic ecosystem and hindering the interaction between people and water. Functionally, their single basic drainage pipe can only passively drain water accumulated behind the wall, failing to address the issue of water resource utilization; and the toothed wall structure has weak protection against riverbed scouring, especially in river sections with high flow velocities, where the soil in front of the wall may be eroded by several meters within a few years, leading to the instability and collapse of the retaining wall. Existing improvement solutions, such as applying imitation stone cladding or adding prefabricated planting troughs, attempt to improve the landscape effect but do not form a systematic solution—imitation stone materials are prone to peeling and do not optimize drainage paths, while prefabricated planting troughs suffer from low plant survival rates due to the lack of a stable irrigation water source, making it difficult to achieve ecological self-sustainability.

[0003] These shortcomings limit the applicability of retaining walls in the construction of ecological waterways, and there is an urgent need for an innovative structure that integrates erosion resistance reinforcement, intelligent drainage and irrigation and natural landscape restoration to meet the needs of sponge city construction and river and lake ecological restoration. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of existing technology, this utility model aims to improve the erosion resistance, landscape effect and ecological function of the retaining wall by optimizing the structural design.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a gravity retaining wall for river landscape, including a concrete base slab and a wall body integrally cast on the base slab. The top of the wall body is provided with a planting groove, and the planting groove is filled with arable soil.

[0006] The wall is pre-embedded with a first drainage pipe and a second drainage pipe.

[0007] The first drainage pipe includes a rear section and a front section connected to each other, the rear section penetrating the rear wall of the planting groove, and the front section penetrating the front wall of the planting groove;

[0008] The inlet of the second drain pipe is located behind the wall and is lower than the height of the first drain pipe, while the outlet extends through to the front of the wall.

[0009] The bottom slab is provided with a toothed wall on the water-facing side, and a U-shaped steel bar is pre-embedded at the front end of the toothed wall. The U-shaped steel bar is connected to the gabion stone cage by a steel wire rope.

[0010] Preferably, the number of the second drainage pipes is determined according to the height of the retaining wall: 1 pipe is arranged when the retaining height is ≤3m, and 2 pipes are arranged along the height of the wall when the retaining height is >3m.

[0011] The first drainage pipe is arranged in groups of 2 at 2m intervals along the direction of river flow.

[0012] Preferably, the outlet of the second drain pipe is 0.5 to 1 m above the water surface.

[0013] Preferably, the gabion is filled with stones and laid on the riverbed foundation at the front edge of the base plate, with a burial depth greater than the expected scour depth of the riverbed.

[0014] Preferably, a reverse filter device is provided on the back side of the wall corresponding to the inlet of the drainage pipe. The reverse filter device includes geotextile, crushed stone layer, chipped stone layer and medium-coarse sand layer laid in sequence, with each layer having a thickness of 200mm.

[0015] Preferably, the slope of the pipe axis of both the first and second drainage pipes is 5%, and the inlet elevation of the section behind the wall is higher than the outlet elevation.

[0016] Preferably, when the base slab is poured, stones are pre-embedded on the top surface, with some stones exposed on the top surface of the base slab and others embedded in the concrete at the bottom of the wall.

[0017] Preferably, the water-facing surface of the wall is inlaid with pebble veneer.

[0018] This utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] This utility model utilizes a flexible connection between pre-embedded U-shaped steel bars at the front end of the gabion wall and the gabion cage, significantly dispersing the impact force of water flow and suppressing soil erosion in front of the wall, thereby improving the overturning stability of the retaining wall. The pebble cladding on the wall body and the planting groove on the top are combined with a dual drainage system to achieve functional integration—the second drainage pipe efficiently releases pressure to maintain structural safety, while the first drainage pipe diverts water behind the wall into the planting groove to irrigate plants, forming a self-sustaining ecological cycle. At the same time, pre-embedded stones in the base plate enhance the interlocking connection, and the pebble texture naturally blends into the river landscape. The continuous growth of green plants in the groove forms an ecological interface. Ultimately, while ensuring the core functions of flood control and erosion resistance, this system systematically solves the pain points of traditional retaining walls, such as harsh landscape, weak water affinity, crude drainage, and lack of ecological function, achieving a unity of structural stability, ecological self-consistency, and landscape harmony. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a sectional view of the retaining wall of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reverse filtration device of this utility model;

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 11. Toothed wall; 12. Stone block; 13. U-shaped steel bar; 2. Gabion cage; 3. Wall body; 31. Pebble veneer; 32. Planting groove; 33. First drainage pipe; 34. Second drainage pipe; 35. Reverse filter device; 351. Medium-coarse sand layer; 352. Peel layer; 353. Crushed stone layer; 354. Geotextile. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a gravity retaining wall for river landscape, including a concrete base slab 1 and a wall body 3 integrally cast on the base slab 1. The top of the wall body 3 is provided with a planting groove 32, which is filled with cultivated soil. A first drainage pipe 33 and a second drainage pipe 34 are pre-embedded within the wall body 3. The first drainage pipe 33 includes a connected rear section and a front section, with the rear section penetrating the rear wall of the planting groove 32 and the front section penetrating the front wall of the planting groove 32. The inlet of the second drainage pipe 34 is located on the rear side of the wall body 3 and is lower than the height of the first drainage pipe 33, while the outlet extends to the front side of the wall body 3. A toothed wall 11 is provided on the water-facing side of the base slab 1, with a U-shaped steel bar 13 pre-embedded at the front end of the toothed wall 11. The U-shaped steel bar 13 is connected to a gabion cage 2 via a steel wire rope.

[0025] Specifically, U-shaped steel bars 13 are vertically embedded in the toothed wall 11 on the water-facing side of the base slab 1, with their exposed ends flexibly connected to the gabion cage 2 via steel wire ropes. This design allows the impact force of the water flow to dissipate through friction between the stones in the gabion cage, and the residual energy is transferred to the U-shaped steel bars 13 via the steel wire ropes, and then dispersed throughout the entire base slab 1, thereby transforming the risk of local scour into the overall structural resistance of the retaining wall. At the same time, when the concrete on the top surface of the base slab 1 initially sets, stones 12 are embedded to form an interlocking interface. After the wall body 3 is poured, the bottom concrete encases the exposed stones 12, forming a mechanically interlocking structure. This allows the flexible connection system in the dual structure to adapt to riverbed deformation and suppress scour in front of the wall, while the interlocking interface significantly enhances the shear resistance of the base slab 1 and the wall body 3, jointly eliminating the overturning hazard caused by soil loss in traditional retaining walls.

[0026] Furthermore, the rear section of the first drainage pipe 33 penetrates the rear wall of the planting groove 32, allowing water from behind the wall 3 to flow into the planting groove 32, thus spreading the water throughout the entire cultivated soil layer and achieving the purpose of irrigating the plants. Meanwhile, the front section of the first drainage pipe 33 penetrates the front wall of the planting groove 32, allowing excess water to be drained when there is too much water in the planting groove 32, preventing localized waterlogging and root rot, ensuring a uniform supply of water and fertilizer to the plant roots, and significantly improving the ecological self-sustaining capacity.

[0027] Furthermore, when the height of wall 3 is ≤3m, only one second drainage pipe 34 is installed in the middle of wall 3; while when the height is >3m, two pipes are evenly distributed along the height of the wall, and a set of first drainage pipes 33 is arranged every 2m along the extension direction of the river channel. This differentiated design forms a three-dimensional drainage network that can accurately match the water pressure distribution of different retaining wall sizes. The low-positioned second drainage pipes 34 quickly drain excess water to maintain structural stability, while the horizontally spaced first drainage pipes 33 form an irrigation grid, ensuring a balanced water supply along the entire planting groove 32.

[0028] Based on this, the outlet height of the second drainage pipe 34 needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the normal water level of the river, so that it is always 0.5 to 1m above the water surface. In this way, it can not only prevent river water from backflowing and clogging the pipe, but also enhance the drainage efficiency by utilizing the difference in gravitational potential energy. Especially during the flood season when the water level rises, the siphon effect formed by the outlet height difference can accelerate the discharge of water accumulated behind the wall and avoid the accumulation of water pressure that threatens the safety of the retaining wall.

[0029] Optionally, after filling the gabion 2 with stones, it is laid on the riverbed at the front edge of the base slab 1, with a burial depth greater than the expected scour depth. It is worth emphasizing that the top cover layer of the gabion 2 needs to transition naturally with the riverbed. The pre-embedded U-shaped steel bars 13 and the flexible binding with steel wire ropes upgrade the gabion 2 from an independent component to an extended scour-resistant system of retaining wall structure. When the water flow causes the surface soil to be lost, the gabion 2 is automatically exposed to form a rough layer. At this time, the gabion 2 acts as a "sacrificial protective layer". On the one hand, it uses the exposed stones to disperse the impact force of the water flow and fills the hollowed-out area through the self-adjustment of the stones in the gabion; on the other hand, the burial depth margin forms a safety buffer zone to ensure that even if the surface soil is lost, the gabion can still effectively protect the foundation at the front edge of the toothed wall 11.

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, optionally, a reverse filter device 35 is provided at the inlet of the drainage pipe on the rear side of the wall 3. Specifically, in the inlet area of ​​all the first drainage pipes 33 and the second drainage pipes 34 behind the wall 3, geotextile 354, crushed stone layer 353, gravel layer 352, and medium-coarse sand layer 351 are laid sequentially from the inside to the outside. The thickness of each layer can be adjusted according to geological conditions. Among them, geotextile 354 acts as a primary filter layer to intercept large particles of silt, crushed stone layer 353 slows down the water flow speed through pore turbulence and promotes the sedimentation of fine sand, and medium-coarse sand layer 351 finally filters out microparticles—thus forming a three-stage filtration system, which significantly reduces the turbidity of the discharged water, preventing pipe blockage and avoiding drainage carrying soil that could cause cavities behind the wall.

[0031] Optionally, the first drainage pipe 33 and the second drainage pipe 34 are calibrated using a laser rangefinder during installation to maintain a 5% slope, i.e., a 5cm elevation difference per meter of pipe. This utilizes the gravitational potential energy generated by the slope to drive the water to flow by gravity, ensuring that water accumulated behind the wall is efficiently discharged without external force. Especially for water bodies containing silt, the slope can maintain a critical flow velocity to prevent particle deposition, ensuring the smooth operation of the drainage system throughout its entire lifecycle from a fluid dynamics perspective.

[0032] Optionally, during the pouring of the base slab 1, stones 12 are pre-embedded on the top surface. Part of the stones 12 are exposed on the top surface of the base slab 1, while part is embedded in the bottom concrete of the wall 3. Specifically, the embedding depth of the stones 12 can be controlled to 40%-60% of their height, and the top surface is non-uniformly exposed. This results in a "stone-concrete" composite interlocking surface after the concrete solidifies, significantly improving its shear strength compared to pure concrete joints. More importantly, the uneven interface increases the anchoring contact surface of the wall 3 concrete, effectively suppressing vertical cracks caused by temperature stress or foundation settlement.

[0033] Optionally, the water-facing surface of the retaining wall 3 is inlaid with a pebble veneer 31. Specifically, the bonding layer of the water-facing wall 3 is made of polymer-modified mortar, and the pebbles are inlaid in a staggered pattern with reference to the natural riverbed texture. The gaps between the pebbles form a space for microbial attachment, gradually generating a biofilm to purify the water. Its rough surface can weaken the energy reflected by waves, reduce the direct scouring force of the water flow on the retaining wall 3, and truly integrate the retaining wall into the natural river ecosystem from both a visual and functional perspective.

[0034] In summary, the retaining wall system in this embodiment forms a triple self-reinforcing mechanism: In terms of erosion resistance, the flexible connection of the gabion cages 2 and the interlocking of the stones in the base plate 1 jointly construct a dynamically stable foundation, significantly enhancing the retaining wall's ability to withstand flood impacts; in terms of ecological cycle, the dual drainage pipes achieve intelligent water diversion through slope difference—the second drainage pipe 34 maintains structural mechanical balance, while the first drainage pipe 33 converts the water accumulated behind the wall into irrigation resources, supporting the plant community in the planting groove 32 to establish a carbon-oxygen balance; in terms of landscape integration, the pebble veneer 31 and the green planting groove 32 constitute a bioactive interface, transforming the concrete structure into an organic component of the riverbank ecological corridor. This symbiotic system of "structural resilience-resource cycle-ecological proliferation" constitutes the core value of this utility model in breaking through the bottlenecks of traditional retaining wall technology.

Claims

1. A gravity retaining wall for river landscape, comprising a concrete base slab (1) and a wall body (3) integrally cast on the base slab, characterized in that: The top of the wall (3) is provided with a planting groove (32), and the planting groove (32) is filled with arable soil; The wall (3) contains a first drainage pipe (33) and a second drainage pipe (34). The first drain pipe (33) includes a wall rear section and a wall front section that are connected to each other. The wall rear section penetrates the rear wall of the planting groove (32), and the wall front section penetrates the front wall of the planting groove (32). The inlet of the second drain pipe (34) is located on the back side of the wall (3) and is lower than the height of the first drain pipe (33), and the outlet extends through to the front side of the wall (3); The bottom plate (1) has a toothed wall (11) on the water-facing side, and a U-shaped steel bar (13) is pre-embedded at the front end of the toothed wall (11). The U-shaped steel bar (13) is connected to the gabion (2) by a steel wire rope.

2. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the second drainage pipes (34) is determined according to the retaining height of the wall (3): 1 pipe is arranged when the retaining height is ≤3m, and 2 pipes are arranged along the height direction of the wall (3) when the retaining height is >3m. The first drainage pipe (33) is arranged in a group of 2 pipes every 2m along the direction of river flow.

3. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein The outlet of the second drain pipe (34) is 0.5 to 1 m above the water surface.

4. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gabion (2) is filled with stones and laid on the riverbed foundation at the front edge of the base plate (1), with a burial depth greater than the expected scour depth of the riverbed.

5. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall (3) is equipped with a reverse filter device (35) at the drainage pipe inlet on the rear side. The reverse filter device (35) includes geotextile (354), crushed stone layer (353), melon seed chip layer (352) and medium-coarse sand layer (351) laid in sequence.

6. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the first drainage pipe (33) and the second drainage pipe (34) is 5%, and the inlet elevation of the section behind the wall is higher than the outlet elevation.

7. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the base plate (1) is poured, a block stone (12) is pre-embedded on the top surface. The block stone (12) is partially exposed on the top surface of the base plate and partially embedded in the bottom concrete of the wall (3).

8. The river landscape gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-facing side surface of the wall (3) is inlaid with pebble veneer (31).

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