Marine drilling riser expansion device capable of replacing seal in place

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of marine riser expansion and contraction, in particular to a marine riser expansion and contraction device capable of replacing sealing in place for offshore drilling, which comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe which can slide mutually, a plurality of sealing bags are arranged on the outer pipe, and flange plates are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each sealing bag. And meanwhile, through the action of a trapezoidal baffle ring, the elastic driving sleeve can be stably taken out together, and the elastic sealing sleeve can be conveniently replaced. Meanwhile, when downward installation is carried out, seawater between the inner backing ring and the outer backing ring can flow into the bottom of the inner backing ring along the water outlet notch by forming the water outlet notch and is finally discharged along the first water outlet, the seawater can be automatically discharged in the whole process, and the situation that complete installation is difficult due to the blocking of the seawater in the installation process is avoided. And a second water outlet is formed, so that seawater can be squeezed out along the second water outlet when the air inlet pipe supplies air to the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of riser expansion and contraction, and in particular to a riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ. Background Art

[0002] One component of a riser used in offshore drilling is the expansion joint, also known as the telescoping device. The telescoping device allows the inner tube and outer rim to slide against each other to accommodate the ever-changing position between the platform wellhead and the seabed wellhead.

[0003] The telescopic device is equipped with multiple sealing packs, which can operate individually or in combination. These packs squeeze and seal against the inner tube to prevent seawater from coming into contact with the oil within the pipeline. Over time, some packs may fail. If all packs fail, the telescopic device must be disassembled and replaced. Due to its large size, replacement is time-consuming.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a watertight pipe expansion device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in place, which can replace the elastic sealing sleeve to avoid replacing the entire expansion device. Chinese patent application number: CN201820135732.5, although the idea of replacing the elastic sealing sleeve is disclosed, if the elastic sealing sleeve adopts an annular structure, it can be cut with a cutting device during disassembly, but the installation is more difficult, and it is difficult to put the annular structure on the outer edge of the inner pipe. And when the replacement is carried out in seawater, during the process of replacement and insertion, it will cause part of the seawater to be difficult to completely squeeze out, resulting in difficulty in complete installation due to the obstruction of seawater, and the obstructed seawater needs to be pumped out.

[0005] And because the elastic sealing sleeve is usually made of rubber, when the elastic sealing sleeve is pulled out, the elastic driving sleeve needs to be lifted up together. If it cannot be lifted up, then when the elastic sealing sleeve is inserted, the friction between the elastic driving sleeve and the elastic sealing sleeve will make it difficult to squeeze the elastic sealing sleeve downward for installation.

[0006] It should be noted that the elastic sealing sleeve is squeezed by continuously introducing high-pressure gas or high-pressure oil, and multiple sealing packages often use one channel to inject high-pressure gas. Therefore, when replacing one of the sealing packages, the corresponding channel fork needs to be closed.

[0007] To this end, it is necessary to design a watertight pipe telescopic device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ, which can facilitate the replacement of the elastic sealing sleeve. At the same time, when the elastic sealing sleeve is pulled upward, the elastic drive sleeve can be brought out synchronously, and when it is inserted downward for installation, the seawater can be automatically discharged, and before replacement, the corresponding channel bifurcation can be closed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a watertight pipe expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ, which can facilitate the replacement of the elastic sealing sleeve, and at the same time, when the elastic sealing sleeve is pulled upward, the elastic drive sleeve can be brought out synchronously, and when it is inserted downward for installation, the seawater can be automatically discharged, and before replacement, the channel can be branched and closed accordingly.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a watertight pipe expansion and contraction device with replaceable seals for marine drilling, comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe that can slide against each other, a plurality of sealing packages are provided on the outer pipe, and flanges are provided on the upper and lower sides of each sealing package. Each sealing package comprises an elastic driving sleeve, an elastic sealing sleeve, a skeleton, a bushing and an outer pipe sleeve, and the two ends of the outer pipe sleeve are detachably connected to the flange, and the bushing, elastic driving sleeve and elastic sealing sleeve are sequentially sleeved inside, the elastic driving sleeve and the elastic sealing sleeve are clamped on the skeleton, the flange is in contact with the top of the skeleton, and the elastic driving sleeve and the elastic sealing sleeve are composed of multiple arc-shaped elastic driving sleeves and elastic sealing sleeves.

[0010] Preferably, the skeleton includes two vertical rods, two inner gaskets and two outer gaskets. The inner gaskets are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the two vertical rods. The two outer gaskets are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the two outer gaskets, and the outer edges of the two vertical rods are in contact with the inner sides of the two outer gaskets. The elastic sealing sleeve includes two arc-shaped sealing sleeves, and the two ends of the elastic sealing sleeve are respectively fitted with the two vertical rods. The elastic driving sleeve is wrapped around the outer edge of the elastic sealing sleeve, and the two ends of the elastic driving sleeve are fitted with the two vertical rods.

[0011] Preferably, the inward ends of the two vertical rods are pointed structures.

[0012] Preferably, an annular groove is provided between the outer tube sleeve and the bushing, and multiple rows of extrusion holes connecting the annular groove and the outer wall of the elastic drive sleeve are provided on the bushing. The multiple rows of extrusion holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bushing, and an air intake pipe connected to the annular groove is provided on the outer edge of the outer tube sleeve.

[0013] Preferably, a water outlet 1 is provided on the flange, which is connected to the bottom of the inner gasket located in the lower layer. A water outlet 2 is provided on the outer edge of the outer pipe sleeve, which is connected to the annular groove. A water outlet notch is provided on the outer gasket located in the lower layer.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of trapezoidal retaining rings are arranged in the inner gasket located at the bottom, and a receiving groove for the trapezoidal retaining rings is provided on the inner gasket. An elastic seat is provided on the inner gasket for pushing the trapezoidal retaining rings toward the outer gasket. The inclined surface of the trapezoidal retaining ring is located on the side close to the water outlet gap at the bottom, and one side of the trapezoidal retaining ring is in contact with the bottom of the elastic drive sleeve.

[0015] Preferably, the elastic seat includes a spring, a guide column and a limit ring. The guide column can be installed in the inner gasket ring for horizontal sliding. A guide hole for the guide column to slide horizontally is opened in the inner gasket ring. One end of the guide column is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal retaining ring, and the other end of the guide column is fixedly connected to the limit ring. The spring is used to apply an elastic force to the trapezoidal retaining ring close to the water outlet gap.

[0016] Preferably, multiple sealing packages located in the middle part are provided with communicating vessels, and each communicating vessel includes a cannula, a sleeve, an air guide block, a horizontal puller and a straight pipe. The cannula and the sleeve are respectively fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the straight pipe and are connected with the straight pipe. The air guide block is inserted in the middle of the straight pipe, and the horizontal puller is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the sleeve. The horizontal puller is used to pull the air guide block to move horizontally and switch positions. Air guide bends and air guide straights are provided on the air guide block. The cannula located in the lower communicating vessel is inserted in the sleeve of the upper communicating vessel. A bend connected to the air inlet pipe is provided on the side of the sealing package located on the top layer, and the cannula located in the top communicating vessel is inserted in the bend.

[0017] Preferably, a screw is fixedly provided on the top of the outer sleeve, a guide plate is provided on the flange for inserting the screw, a nut is meshedly installed on the outer edge of the screw, and the nut contacts the top of the guide plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when the frame moves upward, the elastic sealing sleeve can be brought upward and out together. At the same time, the action of the trapezoidal retaining ring can stably bring the elastic driving sleeve out together, making it easier to replace the elastic sealing sleeve. At the same time, when installing downward, by providing a water outlet gap, the seawater between them can flow through the water outlet gap to the bottom of the inner gasket ring and finally be discharged through the first water outlet. The entire process can automatically discharge the seawater and avoid the obstruction of seawater during installation, which makes it difficult to install completely. In addition, by providing the second water outlet, when the air inlet pipe is supplying air to it, the seawater can be squeezed out through the second water outlet.

[0019] Before replacement, pull the air guide block located at the lower layer outward horizontally to disconnect the straight air guide channel originally connected to the cannula and the sleeve. At the same time, connect the air guide bend to the sleeve, so that high-pressure gas can be supplied to the sealing package, and the sealing package can seal the connection between the inner tube and the outer tube. That is, before replacement, the corresponding channel fork can be closed, and air can also be supplied to the sealing package at the lower layer to enable it to work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a top view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Section view along line AA.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point B.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure decomposition of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a top view of the vertical rod installation.

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the inner gasket ring.

[0027] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the outer gasket ring.

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point D.

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point C.

[0030] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the screw.

[0031] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Inner tube; 2. Outer tube; 3. Trapezoidal retaining ring; 4. Sealing bag; 4a. Elastic drive sleeve; 4b. Elastic sealing sleeve; 4c. Skeleton; 4c1. Vertical rod; 4c2. Inner gasket; 4c3. Outer gasket; 4d. Bushing; 4e. Outer tube sleeve; 4f. Annular groove; 4h. Extrusion hole; 4j. Air inlet pipe; 4s. Water outlet 2; 4k. Water outlet gap; 5. Connecting flange; 5a. Water outlet 1; 6. Screw; 7. Elastic seat; 7a. Spring; 7b. Guide column; 7c. Limiting ring; 8. Connecting vessel; 8a. Insert tube; 8b. Sleeve; 8c. Air guide block; 8c1. Air guide bend; 8c2. Air guide straight channel; 8d. Horizontal puller; 8e. Straight tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiment: The present invention provides a riser expansion device for marine drilling with replaceable seals, such as Figure 1-10 As shown, it includes an inner tube 1 and an outer tube 2 that can slide against each other. The outer tube 2 is provided with multiple sealing packs 4. Each sealing pack 4 is provided with flanges 5 on both the upper and lower sides. Each sealing pack 4 includes an elastic drive sleeve 4a, an elastic sealing sleeve 4b, a frame 4c, a bushing 4d, and an outer tube sleeve 4e. The ends of the outer tube sleeve 4e are detachably connected to the flanges 5. The bushing 4d, the elastic drive sleeve 4a, and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b are sequentially sleeved inside 4c. The elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b are clamped on the frame 4c. The flange 5 contacts the top of the frame 4c. The elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b are composed of multiple arc-shaped elastic drive sleeves 4a and elastic sealing sleeves 4b. When the elastic sealing sleeve 4b needs to be replaced, the flange 5 is removed from the outer tube sleeve 4e and the flange 5 is lifted upward. Finally, the frame 4c is lifted upward, causing the elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b to move upward together. After rising, the elastic driving sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b of the arc structure can be taken out from the side, and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b can be replaced and then installed and inserted into the bushing 4d.

[0034] The skeleton 4c comprises two vertical rods 4c1, two inner gaskets 4c2, and two outer gaskets 4c3. The inner gaskets 4c2 are fixedly mounted at the upper and lower ends of the two vertical rods 4c1. The two outer gaskets 4c3 are located at the upper and lower ends of the two outer gaskets 4c3, respectively. The outer edges of the two vertical rods 4c1 contact the inner sides of the two outer gaskets 4c3. The elastic sealing sleeve 4b comprises two arc-shaped sealing sleeves, the ends of which respectively fit the two vertical rods 4c1. The elastic drive sleeve 4a wraps around the outer edge of the elastic sealing sleeve 4b, and the ends of the elastic drive sleeve 4a fit the two vertical rods 4c1. When the skeleton 4c is pulled out, the elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b are pulled out simultaneously. Subsequently, by removing the elastic drive sleeve 4a, the elastic sealing sleeve 4b can be removed and replaced. Among them, by pulling the inner gasket 4c2 upward, the vertical rod 4c1 and the inner gasket 4c2 can be lifted up together, and the vertical rod 4c1 can resist the outer gasket 4c3 located on the upper layer, so that it can be lifted up together, so that the elastic drive sleeve 4a located below the outer gasket 4c3 has no obstruction in the process of upward movement, and after installation, the outer gasket 4c3 can be automatically installed together with the inner gasket 4c2.

[0035] The inward ends of the two vertical rods 4c1 are sharp-angled structures. Due to the sharp-angled structures, the width of the elastic sealing sleeve 4b near the inner side is wide enough as much as possible to avoid the outer edge of the inner tube 1 from being unable to be completely wrapped when being squeezed with the inner tube 1, thereby generating a gap.

[0036] An annular groove 4f is defined between the outer sleeve 4e and the bushing 4d. The bushing 4d is provided with multiple rows of extrusion holes 4h, connecting the annular groove 4f and the outer wall of the elastic drive sleeve 4a. These rows of extrusion holes 4h are evenly distributed along the circumference of the bushing 4d. An air inlet pipe 4j is provided on the outer edge of the outer sleeve 4e, connecting to the annular groove 4f. The number of extrusion holes 4h in each row is variable, but there are at least four. High-pressure gas supplied through the air inlet pipe 4j passes through the annular groove 4f and the extrusion holes 4h, exerting inward pressure on the elastic drive sleeve 4a, causing it to squeeze the elastic sealing sleeve 4b inward.

[0037] Flange 5 is provided with outlet 1 (5a), which connects to the bottom of inner gasket 4c2, located below. Outlet 2 (4s) is provided on the outer edge of outer sleeve 4e, which connects to annular groove 4f. Outer gasket 4c3, located below, is provided with outlet 4k. During installation, seawater in the center of sleeve 4d is squeezed out through outlet 1 (5a). In the final stage, the outer edge of inner gasket 4c2, located below, mates with the inner edge of outer gasket 4c3. At this point, the seawater trapped between the bottom of elastic drive sleeve 4a and outer gasket 4c3 cannot be discharged. However, the outlet 4k allows the seawater between them to flow through outlet 4k to the bottom of inner gasket 4c2, ultimately discharging through outlet 1 (5a). This entire process automatically discharges seawater and avoids the difficulty of complete installation due to obstruction by seawater.

[0038] Furthermore, by providing the water outlet 4s, when air is supplied to it through the air inlet pipe 4j, seawater can be squeezed out along the water outlet 4s.

[0039] Multiple trapezoidal retaining rings 3 are positioned within the inner gasket ring 4c2, located below. This inner gasket ring 4c2 includes a receiving groove for each of these retaining rings 3. Furthermore, this inner gasket ring 4c2 is provided with an elastic seat 7 for pushing each of these retaining rings 3 toward the outer gasket ring 4c3. The inclined surface of each of these retaining rings 3 is located on the lower side, near the water outlet notch 4k. One side of each retaining ring 3 contacts the bottom of the elastic drive sleeve 4a. When the frame 4c is pulled upward, the trapezoidal retaining rings 3 contact the bottom of the elastic drive sleeve 4a, allowing the multiple trapezoidal retaining rings 3 to simultaneously pull the elastic drive sleeve 4a upward. This allows the elastic drive sleeve to be simultaneously pulled out as the elastic sealing sleeve is pulled upward.

[0040] In order to prevent the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 from blocking the water outlet gap 4k when it descends, resulting in the inability to discharge seawater, the water outlet gap 4k and the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 are in a misaligned state when the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 descends. When the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 descends, the inclined surface of the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 will contact the inner edge end of the outer gasket 4c3, so that the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 is compressed, and the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 can be received into the guide accommodating groove. After the descent is completed, it is rotated so that the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 can be stuck in the water outlet gap 4k, ensuring that the elastic drive sleeve 4a can be driven to move upward during the upward lifting process.

[0041] The elastic seat 7 includes a spring 7a, a guide post 7b, and a retaining ring 7c. The guide post 7b is mounted horizontally within the inner gasket 4c2, which has a guide hole for the guide post 7b to slide horizontally. One end of the guide post 7b is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal retaining ring 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the retaining ring 7c. The spring 7a is used to apply an elastic force to the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 near the water outlet gap 4k. When the water outlet gap 4k contacts the outer gasket 4c3, the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 pushes the spring 7a to be compressed, allowing the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 to be retracted into the receiving groove. The guide post 7b provides guidance for the movement of the trapezoidal retaining ring 3.

[0042] Multiple sealing packages 4 in the middle are each provided with a communicating vessel 8. Each communicating vessel 8 comprises an insert 8a, a sleeve 8b, an air guide block 8c, a horizontal puller 8d, and a straight tube 8e. The insert 8a and sleeve 8b are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower sides of the straight tube 8e, respectively, and communicate with the straight tube 8e. The air guide block 8c is inserted in the middle of the straight tube 8e. The horizontal puller 8d is fixed to the outer edge of the sleeve 8b and is used to pull the air guide block 8c horizontally to switch positions. The air guide block 8c is provided with an air guide bend 8c1 and an air guide straight channel 8c2. The insert 8a in the lower communicating vessel 8 is inserted into the sleeve 8b of the upper communicating vessel 8. The uppermost sealing package 4 has a curved pipe connected to the air inlet pipe 4j on the side, while the insert 8a in the top communicating vessel 8 is inserted into the curved pipe. The sleeve 8b in the bottom communicating vessel 8 is connected to the air supply equipment. By employing a slidable structure between the cannula 8a and the sleeve 8b, the two can be removed and separated during disassembly of the sealing pack 4, making replacement easier. To replace the elastic sealing sleeve 4b within the upper sealing pack 4, the air guide block 8c located below it needs to be pulled horizontally outward. This disconnects the straight air guide channel 8c2 originally connected to the cannula 8a and sleeve 8b. Simultaneously, the curved air guide channel 8c1 connects to the sleeve 8b, allowing high-pressure gas to flow through the sealing pack 4, sealing the connection between the inner tube 1 and the outer tube 2. This allows the corresponding channel bifurcation to be closed before replacement, while also allowing air to flow to the lower sealing packs 4, allowing them to operate. When not undergoing maintenance, multiple sealing packs 4 seal the topmost sealing pack 4. This allows for a minimum of two sealing packs 4. The air guide block 8c is pulled outward by a horizontal puller 8d.

[0043] The top of the outer sleeve 4e is fixed with a screw 6, and the flange 5 is provided with a guide plate for the screw 6 to be inserted. The outer edge of the screw 6 is engaged with a nut, which contacts the top of the guide plate. The screw 6 guides the vertical movement of the flange 5.

[0044] During use, when the elastic sealing sleeve 4b needs to be replaced, the flange 5 is disassembled from the outer tube sleeve 4e while the flange 5 is lifted downward. Finally, the frame 4c is lifted upward, causing the elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b to move upward together. After the upward movement, the curved elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b can be removed from the side. After the elastic sealing sleeve 4b is replaced, the elastic drive sleeve 4a and the elastic sealing sleeve 4b are installed and inserted into the bushing 4d.

[0045] After the replacement is completed, it is installed downward. During the installation process, the seawater in the middle of the bushing 4d will be squeezed out along the water outlet 5a. In the final stage, the outer edge of the inner gasket ring 4c2 located below will fit with the inner edge of the outer gasket ring 4c3, and by opening the water outlet gap 4k, the seawater between them will be able to flow along the water outlet gap 4k to the bottom of the inner gasket ring 4c2, and finally be discharged along the water outlet 5a.

[0046] In the final stage of insertion, the elastic seat 7 will be compressed, and then the skeleton 4c will be rotated to make the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 fit into the water outlet gap 4k.

[0047] When the frame 4c moves upward, it can also carry the elastic sealing sleeve 4b upward. Simultaneously, the trapezoidal retaining ring 3 can stably carry the elastic drive sleeve 4a with it, facilitating replacement of the elastic sealing sleeve. Simultaneously, when installing downward, the water outlet notch 4k is provided, allowing seawater to flow through the water outlet notch 4k to the bottom of the inner gasket ring 4c2 and ultimately be discharged through the water outlet 1 5a. This entire process automatically discharges the seawater and avoids the difficulty of complete installation due to obstruction by seawater during installation. Furthermore, the provision of the water outlet 2 4s allows the seawater to be squeezed out through the water outlet 2 4s when air is supplied to the air inlet pipe 4j.

[0048] Before replacement, the air guide block 8c located at the lower layer is pulled horizontally outward to disconnect the air guide straight channel 8c2 originally connected to the insert tube 8a and the sleeve 8b. At the same time, the air guide bend 8c1 is connected to the sleeve 8b, so that high-pressure gas is supplied to the sealing bag 4, and the sealing bag 4 seals the connection between the inner tube 1 and the outer tube 2. That is, before replacement, the corresponding channel fork can be closed, and air can also be supplied to the sealing bag 4 at the lower layer to enable it to work.

[0049] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A riser expansion device with replaceable seal in place for offshore drilling, characterized in that: The invention comprises an inner tube (1) and an outer tube (2) capable of sliding against each other, a plurality of sealing packages (4) being provided on the outer tube (2), a flange (5) being provided on the upper and lower sides of each sealing package (4), and each sealing package (4) comprising an elastic drive sleeve (4a), an elastic sealing sleeve (4b), a frame (4c), a bushing (4d) and an outer tube sleeve (4e), both ends of the outer tube sleeve (4e) being detachably connected to the flange (5), the bushing (4d), the elastic drive sleeve (4a) and the elastic sealing sleeve (4b) being sequentially sleeved inside the outer tube sleeve (4c), the elastic drive sleeve (4a) and the elastic sealing sleeve (4b) being clamped on the frame (4c), the flange (5) being in contact with the top of the frame (4c), and the elastic drive sleeve (4a) and the elastic sealing sleeve (4b) being composed of a plurality of arc-shaped elastic drive sleeves (4a) and elastic sealing sleeves (4b).

2. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skeleton (4c) comprises two vertical rods (4c1), two inner gaskets (4c2) and two outer gaskets (4c3); the inner gaskets (4c2) are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of the two vertical rods (4c1); the two outer gaskets (4c3) are respectively located on the upper and lower ends of the two outer gaskets (4c3); the outer edges of the two vertical rods (4c1) are in contact with the inner sides of the two outer gaskets (4c3); the elastic sealing sleeve (4b) comprises two arc-shaped sealing sleeves; the two ends of the elastic sealing sleeve (4b) are respectively fitted with the two vertical rods (4c1); the elastic driving sleeve (4a) is wrapped around the outer edge of the elastic sealing sleeve (4b); and the two ends of the elastic driving sleeve (4a) are fitted with the two vertical rods (4c1).

3. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inward ends of the two vertical rods (4c1) are sharp-angled structures.

4. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 2, characterized in that: An annular groove (4f) is provided between the outer tube sleeve (4e) and the bushing (4d); a plurality of rows of extrusion holes (4h) are provided on the bushing (4d) and are connected to the annular groove (4f) and the outer wall of the elastic drive sleeve (4a); the plurality of rows of extrusion holes (4h) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bushing (4d); and an air intake pipe (4j) connected to the annular groove (4f) is provided on the outer edge of the outer tube sleeve (4e).

5. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 4, characterized in that: A water outlet 1 (5a) is provided on the flange (5), and the water outlet 1 (5a) is connected to the bottom of the inner gasket (4c2) located at the lower layer. A water outlet 2 (4s) is provided on the outer edge of the outer pipe sleeve (4e), and the water outlet 2 (4s) is connected to the annular groove (4f). A water outlet notch (4k) is provided on the outer gasket (4c3) located at the lower layer.

6. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of trapezoidal retaining rings (3) are arranged in the inner gasket ring (4c2) located at the bottom. A receiving groove for receiving the trapezoidal retaining rings (3) is provided on the inner gasket ring (4c2). An elastic seat (7) for pushing the trapezoidal retaining rings (3) toward the outer gasket ring (4c3) is provided on the inner gasket ring (4c2). The inclined surface of the trapezoidal retaining ring (3) is located at the side close to the water outlet gap (4k) at the bottom. One side of the trapezoidal retaining ring (3) contacts the bottom of the elastic driving sleeve (4a).

7. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic seat (7) comprises a spring (7a), a guide column (7b) and a limiting ring (7c); the guide column (7b) is installed in the inner gasket ring (4c2) so as to slide horizontally; a guide hole for the guide column (7b) to slide horizontally is provided in the inner gasket ring (4c2); one end of the guide column (7b) is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal retaining ring (3); the other end of the guide column (7b) is fixedly connected to the limiting ring (7c); the spring (7a) is used to apply an elastic force to the trapezoidal retaining ring (3) close to the water outlet gap (4k).

8. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of sealing packages (4) located in the middle portion are provided with communicating vessels (8), each communicating vessel (8) comprises an inserting pipe (8a), a sleeve (8b), an air guide block (8c), a horizontal puller (8d) and a straight pipe (8e), the inserting pipe (8a) and the sleeve (8b) are respectively fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the straight pipe (8e) and are connected to the straight pipe (8e), the air guide block (8c) is inserted in the middle of the straight pipe (8e), the horizontal puller (8d) is fixedly installed on the sleeve (8b) ), a horizontal puller (8d) is used to pull the air guide block (8c) to move horizontally and switch positions, an air guide bend (8c1) and an air guide straight path (8c2) are provided on the air guide block (8c), the insert pipe (8a) located in the lower communicating vessel (8) is inserted into the sleeve (8b) of the upper communicating vessel (8), a bend pipe connected to the air inlet pipe (4j) is provided on the side of the sealing package (4) located in the uppermost layer, and the insert pipe (8a) located in the top communicating vessel (8) is inserted into the bend pipe.

9. The riser expansion and contraction device for marine drilling with replaceable seals in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that: A screw rod (6) is fixedly provided on the top of the outer tube sleeve (4e), a guide plate for inserting the screw rod (6) is provided on the flange (5), a nut is meshedly installed on the outer edge of the screw rod (6), and the nut contacts the top of the guide plate.

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