Automatic continuous laying device and laying method for coal mine tunneling roadway roof flexible net

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic continuous laying device for a flexible net of a coal mine tunneling roadway roof and a net laying method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine roadway supporting. The device comprises a cantilever type fully-mechanized excavating machine, a top beam, a telescopic beam, a protection plate and a flexible net storage bin, and dynamic adjustment of the height and the pitch angle of the top beam is achieved through a supporting stand column lifting oil cylinder and an adjusting oil cylinder; different top plate inclination angles are adapted; the telescopic beam is driven by a telescopic oil cylinder to extend forwards to the coal wall, the flexible net is driven to be laid along the surfaces of the protection plate, the telescopic beam and the top beam, and the protection plate is overturned to be attached to the coal wall to achieve double protection of the top plate and the coal wall. The net laying method comprises the steps of top beam pre-adjustment in the cutting stage, telescopic beam net laying and top contact in the temporary supporting process, permanent supporting anchor rod fixing net pieces and continuous releasing of the flexible net with an anchoring point as a fulcrum in the reset stage. Integrated operation of cutting, supporting and net laying is achieved, automatic continuous net laying is achieved, linkage control is formed among all procedures, the applicability to roadway coal wall supporting is good, and the net laying operation efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine tunnel support, and in particular to a device and method for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net for a roof of a coal mine tunneling tunnel. Background Art

[0002] During coal mine tunneling, roof support and coal wall protection are critical to ensuring operational safety. With the advancement of mechanized coal mining, boom-type tunneling machines (TBMs) have become core equipment for tunneling due to their efficient cutting capabilities. However, the exposed roof and high-walled coal walls formed after tunneling are prone to accidents such as roof collapse and coal wall spalling, necessitating timely and effective support measures.

[0003] Traditional coal mine roadway roof anchor mesh support often uses metal mesh. However, when exposed to harsh environmental conditions such as water dripping from the roof and high humidity in the roadway, the metal mesh erodes and fails rapidly, easily corroding and losing its protective function. Existing anchor mesh support methods use a new flexible mesh. The flexible mesh covers the roof and is fixed by anchor rods, achieving flexible restraint on the broken rock formations. The flexible mesh has high strength, corrosion resistance, good flexibility, strong integrity, and impact resistance. It is more adaptable to the environment and can replace metal mesh for roadway surface support.

[0004] However, in the existing flexible mesh anchoring support process, the cutting, support, and mesh laying processes are separated. After the tunnel boring machine completes the cutting, a temporary support device must be installed, and then the flexible mesh must be manually laid. This results in poor coordination and low efficiency. In addition, the laying of the flexible mesh relies heavily on manual handling, unfolding, and fixing. The mesh position needs to be repeatedly adjusted during the laying process, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the laying accuracy is difficult to ensure. During the laying process, the flexible mesh must be pre-cut to a fixed length and laid by manual dragging. In long tunnels, the mesh needs to be docked multiple times, which can easily lead to loose joints or uneven tension. The separation of the cutting, support, and mesh laying processes results in a lack of effective tension control during the release of the mesh material, often resulting in material waste due to excessive stretching or relaxation, and is unable to adapt to the dynamic needs of changing tunnel cross-sections. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a device and method for automatically and continuously laying flexible nets for the roof of coal mine tunnels, which integrates efficient temporary support and automatic and continuous laying functions of flexible nets on the platform of a comprehensive tunneling machine to realize the integrated operation of cutting, support and laying nets. The various processes are linked and controlled, with smooth connections. It has good applicability for tunnel coal wall support and high efficiency in laying nets.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a device for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on the roof of a coal mine tunnel, comprising a cantilever-type fully mechanized tunneling machine, a roof beam, a supporting column, a protective plate and a flexible net storage bin;

[0007] The cutting head of the cantilever-type tunnel boring machine can swing freely along the tunnel section, and a base for mounting a top beam is provided on the top of the machine body;

[0008] The top beam spans the span of the tunnel roof, and the bottom of the top beam is connected to the base of the cantilevered multi-purpose tunnel boring machine through two sets of supporting columns. A telescopic beam is slidably connected to the inside of one side of the top beam, and a telescopic oil cylinder is provided between the telescopic beam and the top beam to realize the telescopic sliding movement of the telescopic beam forward and backward;

[0009] The support columns are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the top beam. A lifting cylinder is provided in the support columns, which can drive the support columns to extend and retract up and down, thereby driving the top beam to rise and fall.

[0010] The protective plate is hinged to one end of the telescopic beam away from the top beam, and a rotating driving member is connected to the protective plate for driving the protective plate to flip, so that the protective plate can flip and fit the surface of the coal wall in front;

[0011] The flexible net storage bin is fixed to one end of the protective plate away from the telescopic beam, a flexible net roll is arranged in the flexible net storage bin, and a rotatable net bin baffle is provided at the outlet of the flexible net storage bin. After the free end of the flexible net roll is led out of the storage bin, it extends along the outer surface of the protective plate and the outer surface of the telescopic beam in turn, and is finally fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic beam near one end of the top beam by a magnetic clamp.

[0012] Furthermore, the supporting column is hinged to the top beam, and adjustment cylinders are provided on both sides of the supporting column. The two adjusting cylinders are independently controlled, the bottom ends of the adjusting cylinders are fixed on the base, and the top ends are hinged to the top beam. By independently controlling the extension and contraction amounts of the adjusting cylinders on both sides of the supporting column, the pitch angle adjustment of the top beam is achieved.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on the roof of a coal mine tunnel, which uses the laying device and includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: Excavation and cutting stage:

[0015] When the cantilevered tunnel boring machine's cutting head is operating, the top beam is lowered by the supporting columns to a distance of 0.3m-0.5m from the tunnel roof, with the telescopic beam in a fully retracted state and the protective plate rotated to be parallel to the top beam; the pitch angle of the top beam is pre-adjusted according to the roof inclination data to reduce the subsequent roof connection time;

[0016] S2: Temporary support and mesh laying stage:

[0017] When the cutting head of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine moves down, the telescopic cylinder in the telescopic beam is activated, pushing the telescopic beam forward to the coal wall. At this time, the flexible net is pulled out as the telescopic beam moves; the supporting column rises and extends synchronously, lifting the top beam to the roadway roof. The pressure sensor detects the top contact pressure to ensure that the top beam is in close contact with the roadway roof, playing the role of temporarily supporting the newly excavated roadway roof; then, the rotary drive part on the protective plate is activated, pushing the protective plate to rotate to fit the front coal wall surface, and then the flexible net outside the protective plate adheres to the front coal wall, playing the role of supporting and protecting the high wall of the coal wall and preventing it from spalling;

[0018] S3: Permanent support stage:

[0019] The anchor drill extends into the roof through the gap below the telescopic beam, drives the anchor and passes it through the flexible net. The anchor tray presses the flexible net against the surface of the tunnel roof. After the anchor is installed, the magnetic clamp releases the end of the flexible net, and the flexible net is completely fixed to the tunnel roof by the anchor.

[0020] S4: Reset phase:

[0021] The protective plate rotates in the opposite direction and resets. The top beam and telescopic beam are lowered step by step through the supporting columns. First, the top beam is lowered 50mm to separate the top beam from the roof. After checking that there is no interference, it is further lowered to a safe height. The telescopic beam retracts and retracts. At this time, since the flexible net has been fixed to the tunnel roof by the anchor cable, the telescopic beam uses the anchor point as the tension fulcrum during the retraction and retraction process. Under the constraint of the anchor point, the flexible net is continuously released from the flexible net storage bin to prepare for the next cycle of flexible net laying.

[0022] S5: Repeat the above steps S1-S4 to achieve automatic and continuous laying of the flexible mesh.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0024] 1. The present invention integrates efficient temporary support and automatic continuous laying of flexible nets on the cantilevered fully-mechanized tunnel boring machine platform, realizing the integrated operation of cutting, support and net laying. The various processes are linked and controlled, with smooth connections. The laying of flexible nets is deeply integrated with the cutting and temporary support of the fully-mechanized tunnel boring machine, forming an innovative architecture in which the equipment serves as the support carrier. The invention also has good applicability for supporting coal walls in tunnels and significantly improves the efficiency of net laying operations.

[0025] 2. The present invention uses independently controlled adjustment cylinders on both sides of the support column to pre-adjust the top beam angle based on the top plate inclination data, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of temporary support connection and achieving better temporary support effect.

[0026] 3. During the resetting phase, the laying invention of the present invention uses the anchor point as the tension fulcrum and utilizes the mesh material traction when the telescopic beam contracts to achieve continuous release of the flexible mesh from the storage bin, without the need for manual mesh threading or cutting. The anchor point constraint and tension transmission operation logic solve the problem of continuity in long-distance mesh laying.

[0027] 4. The protective plate in the present invention has the dual functions of a flexible net laying carrier and a coal wall slab protection. By rotating the driving part and then flipping it to fit the coal wall, the flexible net can simultaneously cover the roof and the high side of the coal wall, forming a three-dimensional support system with temporary roof support and active coal wall protection. The single functional component is upgraded to a multi-functional coupling mechanism, thereby significantly improving the overall safety during tunnel excavation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure when the telescopic beam is contracted and the protective plate is folded in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure when the telescopic beam is extended and the protective plate is unfolded in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of various components on the comprehensive excavator of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a partial structural diagram used to reflect the flexible net storage warehouse in the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1. Cantilevered tunnel boring machine; 2. Top beam; 21. Telescopic beam; 22. Telescopic cylinder; 3. Support column; 31. Bottom column; 32. Lifting column; 33. Lifting cylinder; 4. Protective plate; 41. Rotary drive component; 5. Flexible net storage bin; 51. Net bin baffle; 52. Roller; 6. Adjustment cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic diagrams that illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner.

[0035] The invention discloses a device for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on a roof of a coal mine tunnel.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 4 A device for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on the roof of a coal mine tunnel comprises a cantilevered fully-mechanized tunnel boring machine 1, a roof beam 2, a supporting column 3, a protective plate 4 and a flexible net storage bin 5; the cutting head of the cantilevered fully-mechanized tunnel boring machine 1 can swing freely along the tunnel section, and a base for installing the roof beam 2 is provided on the top of the machine body.

[0037] The top beam 2 spans the span of the tunnel roof. The bottom of the top beam 2 is connected to the base of the cantilevered multi-purpose tunneling machine 1 through two supporting columns 3. A telescopic beam 21 is slidably connected to the inside of one side of the top beam 2. A telescopic cylinder 22 is provided between the telescopic beam 21 and the top beam 2. The telescopic cylinder 22 is fixed in the top beam 2, and its piston rod is connected to the telescopic beam 21, driving the telescopic beam 21 to telescope and slide back and forth on the top beam 2; and the top wall of the telescopic beam is flush with the top wall of the top beam, so that the telescopic beam can fit the tunnel roof to ensure the support effect.

[0038] The two support columns 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the top beam 2. The support columns 3 include a bottom column 31 and a lifting column 32. The bottom column 31 is welded and fixed to the base, and the lifting column 32 is slidably inserted on the top of the bottom column 31. A lifting cylinder 33 is installed in the bottom column 31. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder 33 is connected to the lifting column 32, which can then drive the support columns 3 to move up and down, and then drive the top beam 2 to rise and fall. The top end of the support column 3 is hinged to the top beam 2. Adjustment cylinders 6 are set on both sides of the support column 3. The two adjustment cylinders 6 are independently controlled. The bottom end of the adjustment cylinder 6 is fixed to the base, and the top end is hinged to the top beam 2. By independently controlling the extension and contraction of the adjustment cylinders 6 on both sides of the support column 3, the pitch angle of the top beam 2 can be adjusted. The adjustment range is ±30° to adapt to the inclination and unevenness of the tunnel roof.

[0039] The protective plate 4 is hinged to the end of the telescopic beam 21 away from the top beam 2. A rotary drive 41 is connected to the protective plate 4 for driving the plate 4 to flip. The protective plate 4 rotates within an angle of 0-90°, allowing the protective plate 4 to flip and conform to the surface of the coal wall in front. The rotary drive 41 can be driven by a motor or a cylinder. In this embodiment, the rotary drive 41 is a rotary motor fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic beam 21 and coaxially connected to the hinge axis of the protective plate.

[0040] Reference Figure 5 The flexible net storage bin 5 is fixed to the end of the protective plate 4 away from the telescopic beam 21. It is used to store a roll of flexible net. A rotatable net baffle 51 is installed at the outlet of the flexible net storage bin 5. A roller 52 is mounted on the end of the baffle 51 away from the protective plate 4 to facilitate the removal of the flexible net. After exiting the flexible net storage bin 5, the free end of the roll of flexible net extends successively along the outer surface of the protective plate 4 and the outer surface of the telescopic beam 21, finally being secured to the outer wall of the telescopic beam 21 near the end of the top beam 2 via a magnetic clamp.

[0041] The invention also discloses a method for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on the roof of a coal mine tunnel.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 5 A method for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on the roof of a coal mine tunnel, using the above-mentioned laying device, comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1: Excavation and cutting stage:

[0044] When the cutting head of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine 1 is in operation, the top beam 2 is lowered to a distance of 0.3m-0.5m from the tunnel roof via the support columns 3, and the telescopic beam 21 is in a fully retracted state. The protective plate 4 rotates to be parallel to the top beam 2. The pitch angle of the top beam 2 is pre-adjusted according to the roof inclination data to reduce the subsequent roof connection time.

[0045] S2: Temporary support and mesh laying stage:

[0046] When the cutting head of the cantilevered multi-purpose tunnel boring machine 1 moves downward, the telescopic cylinder 22 in the telescopic beam 21 is started, pushing the telescopic beam 21 forward to the coal wall at a speed of 0.2-0.5m / s. At this time, the flexible net is pulled out with the movement of the telescopic beam 21; the supporting column 3 rises and extends synchronously, lifting the top beam 2 to the tunnel roof, and the top contact pressure is detected by the pressure sensor, and the threshold is set to 3-5MPa; ensuring that the top beam 2 is in close contact with the tunnel roof, plays a role in temporarily supporting the newly excavated tunnel roof; then, the rotating drive member 41 on the protective plate 4 is started, pushing the protective plate 4 to rotate at an angular velocity of 10° / s to fit the front coal wall surface, and then the flexible net outside the protective plate 4 is attached to the front coal wall, playing a role in supporting the high wall of the protective coal wall and preventing it from spalling.

[0047] S3: Permanent support stage:

[0048] The anchor drill extends into the roof from the gap below the telescopic beam 21, drives the anchor and passes through the flexible net, and the anchor tray presses the flexible net against the surface of the tunnel roof; after the anchor is installed, the magnetic clamp releases the end of the flexible net, and the flexible net is completely fixed to the tunnel roof by the anchor.

[0049] S4: Reset phase:

[0050] The protective plate 4 rotates in the opposite direction and resets; the top beam 2 and the telescopic beam 21 are lowered step by step through the support column 3. First, the top beam 2 is lowered 50mm to separate the top beam 2 from the roof. After checking that there is no interference, it continues to descend to a safe height; the telescopic beam 21 retracts and recovers at a speed of 0.1-0.3m / s. At this time, since the flexible net has been fixed to the tunnel roof by the anchor cable, the telescopic beam 21 uses the anchor point as the tension fulcrum during the retraction and recovery process. Under the constraint of the anchor point, the flexible net is continuously released from the flexible net storage bin 5, preparing for the next cycle of flexible net laying;

[0051] S5: Repeat the above steps S1-S4 to achieve automatic and continuous laying of the flexible mesh.

[0052] With the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention as a guide, and with reference to the above description, relevant personnel are fully capable of making various changes and modifications without departing from the technical scope of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for automatically and continuously laying flexible nets for the roof of a coal mine tunnel, characterized by: It comprises a cantilever-type fully integrated excavator (1), a top beam (2), a supporting column (3), a protective plate (4) and a flexible net storage bin (5); The cutting head of the cantilever-type tunnel boring machine (1) can swing freely along the tunnel section, and a base for mounting a top beam (2) is provided on the top of the machine body; The top beam (2) spans the span of the tunnel roof, and the bottom of the top beam (2) is connected to the base of the cantilever-type comprehensive tunneling machine (1) through two groups of supporting columns (3). A telescopic beam (21) is slidably connected to the inside of one side of the top beam (2), and a telescopic oil cylinder (22) is provided between the telescopic beam (21) and the top beam (2) to realize the telescopic sliding movement of the telescopic beam (21) forward and backward. The support columns (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the top beam (2), and a lifting cylinder (33) is provided in the support columns (3), which can drive the support columns (3) to extend and retract up and down, thereby driving the top beam (2) to rise and fall; The protective plate (4) is hinged to one end of the telescopic beam (21) away from the top beam (2), and a rotating driving member (41) is connected to the protective plate (4) for driving the protective plate (4) to flip, so that the protective plate (4) can flip and fit the surface of the coal wall in front; The flexible net storage bin (5) is fixed to one end of the protective plate (4) away from the telescopic beam (21); a flexible net roll is arranged in the flexible net storage bin (5); a rotatable net bin baffle (51) is provided at the outlet of the flexible net storage bin (5); the free end of the flexible net roll is led out of the flexible net storage bin (5), extends in sequence along the outer surface of the protective plate (4) and the outer surface of the telescopic beam (21), and is finally fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic beam (21) near one end of the top beam (2) by a magnetic clamp.

2. The device for automatically and continuously laying flexible nets for the roof of a coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support column (3) is hinged to the top beam (2), and adjustment cylinders (6) are provided on both sides of the support column (3). The two adjustment cylinders (6) are independently controlled, and the bottom ends of the adjustment cylinders (6) are fixed on the base, and the top ends are hinged to the top beam (2). By independently controlling the extension and contraction amounts of the adjustment cylinders (6) on both sides of the support column (3), the pitch angle adjustment of the top beam (2) is achieved.

3. A method for automatically and continuously laying a flexible net on the roof of a coal mine tunnel, characterized in that: Using the laying device according to claim 2, the net laying method includes the following steps: S1: Excavation and cutting stage: When the cutting head of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine (1) is in operation, the top beam (2) is lowered to a distance of 0.3m-0.5m from the tunnel roof through the supporting column (3), and the telescopic beam (21) is in a fully retracted state, and the protective plate (4) is rotated to be parallel to the top beam (2); the pitch angle of the top beam (2) is pre-adjusted according to the roof inclination angle data, thereby reducing the subsequent roof connection time; S2: Temporary support and mesh laying stage: When the cutting head of the cantilevered multi-purpose excavator (1) moves downward, the telescopic oil cylinder (22) in the telescopic beam (21) is started, pushing the telescopic beam (21) forward to the coal wall, and the flexible net is pulled out with the movement of the telescopic beam (21); the supporting column (3) rises and stretches synchronously, lifting the top beam (2) to the tunnel roof, and detecting the top pressure through the pressure sensor to ensure that the top beam (2) is in close contact with the tunnel roof, playing the role of temporarily supporting the newly excavated tunnel roof; then, the rotating drive member (41) on the protective plate (4) is started, pushing the protective plate (4) to rotate to fit the front coal wall surface, and then the flexible net outside the protective plate (4) is attached to the front coal wall, playing the role of supporting the high wall of the protective coal wall and preventing the wall from spalling; S3: Permanent support stage: The anchor drill extends into the roof from the gap below the telescopic beam (21), drives the anchor and passes through the flexible net, and the anchor tray presses the flexible net against the surface of the tunnel roof; after the anchor is installed, the magnetic clamp releases the end of the flexible net, and the flexible net is completely fixed to the tunnel roof by the anchor; S4: Reset phase: The protective plate (4) rotates in the opposite direction to reset; the top beam (2) and the telescopic beam (21) are lowered in steps through the supporting column (3); the top beam (2) is first lowered by 50 mm to separate the top beam (2) from the roof, and then further lowered to a safe height after detecting that there is no interference; the telescopic beam (21) is retracted and recovered. At this time, since the flexible net has been fixed to the tunnel roof by the anchor cable, the telescopic beam (21) uses the anchor point as the tension fulcrum during the retraction and recovery process. The flexible net is continuously released from the flexible net storage bin (5) under the constraint of the anchor point, preparing for the next cycle of flexible net laying; S5: Repeat the above steps S1-S4 to achieve automatic and continuous laying of the flexible mesh.

Images