Fuel injector of ammonia fuel engine

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel injector of an ammonia fuel engine in the technical field of engine fuel injection, which comprises an injector body and a nozzle body communicated with the injector body, and further comprises a protective mounting cylinder movably sleeved on the outer side of the nozzle body and a fuel inlet mechanism communicated with the injector body, the nozzle body is connected with the protective mounting cylinder through an elastic connecting piece, cover plates are symmetrically and elastically coupled to the inner wall of the protective mounting cylinder, a limiting ring is arranged on the outer wall of the ejector body, and an electromagnetic adsorption piece is embedded in the protective mounting cylinder. During spraying, the limiting ring is attracted through the electromagnetic attraction part, then the ejector body and the nozzle body integrally move downwards to enable the cover plate to be turned over and opened, the electromagnetic attraction part is closed after spraying is completed, the ejector body and the nozzle body integrally reset and move upwards, and the cover plate is turned over and closed; direct contact between high-temperature gas generated in the subsequent combustion stage and the nozzle body is effectively isolated, damage to the nozzle body is reduced, and the service life of the fuel injector is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engine fuel injection, and in particular to a fuel injector for an ammonia fuel engine. Background Art

[0002] As the core component of an ammonia fuel engine, the fuel injector is responsible for accurately delivering liquid ammonia fuel to the engine combustion chamber or pre-combustion chamber.

[0003] At present, in order to achieve efficient atomization injection, the nozzles in most fuel injectors are usually located in the combustion chamber (inside the engine combustion chamber or pre-combustion chamber). However, when this method is used for a long time, the high-temperature gas scouring in the combustion chamber will cause damage or deformation of the nozzle, which will cause the fuel injector to lose its atomization injection function and have a short service life. Therefore, we propose a fuel injector for ammonia fuel engines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel injector for an ammonia fuel engine, which solves the technical problem that the nozzle of the existing fuel injector is located in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature gas scouring in the combustion chamber may cause the nozzle to be damaged or deformed, thereby causing the fuel injector to lose its atomizing injection function and have a short service life.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions: A fuel injector for an ammonia fuel engine comprises an injector body and a nozzle body connected to a liquid outlet of the injector body, and further comprises a protective mounting cylinder movably sleeved on the outside of the nozzle body and a fuel inlet mechanism connected to a liquid inlet of the injector body. The nozzle body and the protective mounting cylinder are connected by an elastic connecting piece. A cover plate for closing the protective mounting cylinder is symmetrically connected to an elastic axis on the inner wall of the protective mounting cylinder and located below the nozzle body. A limiting ring is provided on the outer wall of the injector body and located above the protective mounting cylinder. An electromagnetic adsorption piece is embedded in the protective mounting cylinder for adsorbing the limiting ring when powered on. When the electromagnetic adsorption piece is powered on to adsorb the limiting ring, it drives the injector body and the nozzle body to squeeze the cover plate and flip it open.

[0006] A further improvement is that the fuel entry mechanism includes a shell, a connecting liquid inlet provided on the shell for connecting to a fuel supply device, a groove provided at the bottom of the shell and connected to the liquid inlet of the injector body, and a pipe portion connecting the liquid inlet and the groove, a movable plate driven to move by the incoming fuel is movably provided in the groove, a through opening is provided on the movable plate, a sealing plate for closing the through opening is provided on the top of the movable plate, a connecting piece is provided in the groove below the movable plate, one end of the connecting piece passes through the through opening and is connected to the sealing plate, the movable plate and the connecting piece are connected by an elastic piece, a detection piece in contact with the movable plate is provided at the bottom of the groove, and the detection piece drives the electromagnetic adsorption piece to be energized when it is separated from the movable plate.

[0007] A further improvement is that the pipeline portion includes a liquid inlet pipeline connected to the liquid inlet and a liquid outlet pipeline connected to the groove; Cooling channels are provided at both ends of the wall thickness of the protective mounting tube. The bottom ends of the two groups of cooling channels are connected to the annular cooling cavity provided at the bottom of the wall thickness of the protective mounting tube. The top ends of the two groups of cooling channels pass through the top of the protective mounting tube and are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid outlet pipeline.

[0008] A further improvement is that the outer wall of the protection installation tube is provided with an external thread, the top of the protection installation tube is integrally formed with an annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion is provided with a plurality of fixing holes.

[0009] A further improvement is that a sealing ring 1 for contacting the nozzle body is embedded in the inner wall of the protective mounting tube, a sealing ring 2 is embedded in the bottom of the limiting ring, and an annular sealing groove for accommodating the sealing ring 2 is provided on the top of the protective mounting tube.

[0010] A further improvement is that the protective mounting cylinder and the cover plate are both made of high temperature resistant materials.

[0011] A further improvement is that the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid outlet pipeline are detachably connected to the top ends of the two cooling channels respectively, and the elastic connecting piece is detachably connected to the nozzle body.

[0012] A further improvement is that the detection element is a contact sensor, the contact sensor is electrically connected to an external controller, and the external controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic adsorption element.

[0013] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that when the fuel is injected through the fuel injector, the electromagnetic adsorption part can be opened to adsorb the limit ring, and then the injector body and the nozzle body can be moved downward as a whole, so that the cover plate can be flipped open, so that the injected fuel is distributed at a specified position. After the injection is completed, the electromagnetic adsorption part is closed, and under the action of the elastic connecting part, the injector body and the nozzle body can be reset and moved upward as a whole, and the cover plate can be flipped closed, which effectively isolates the high-temperature gas generated in the subsequent combustion stage from direct contact with the nozzle body, reduces the damage of the high-temperature gas to the nozzle body, and significantly reduces the probability of nozzle body clogging, thereby extending the service life of the fuel injector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fuel injector structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the fuel injector structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure A; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure B in FIG; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protective installation cylinder of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. Injector body; 2. Nozzle body; 3. Limiting ring; 4. Protective mounting cylinder; 5. Fuel inlet mechanism; 51. Outer shell; 52. Connecting liquid inlet; 53. Detection part; 54. Movable plate; 55. Sealing plate; 56. Elastic part; 57. Connecting part; 58. Liquid inlet pipeline; 59. Liquid outlet pipeline; 6. Elastic connecting part; 7. Cover plate; 8. Cooling channel; 9. Annular cooling cavity; 10. Electromagnetic adsorption part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0017] Please see the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 4 A fuel injector for an ammonia fuel engine is specifically used to inject liquid ammonia fuel, comprising an injector body 1 and a nozzle body 2 connected to a liquid outlet of the injector body 1. The injector body 1 and the nozzle body 2 are both conventional structures of existing fuel injectors and will not be described in detail herein. Figure 1 As shown, the injector body 1 has a liquid inlet at the top and a liquid outlet at the bottom; The nozzle body 2 and the protective mounting cylinder 4 are connected by an elastic connecting member 6 (such as a spring or an elastic telescopic rod, etc., preferably an elastic telescopic rod in this embodiment) to attach the nozzle body 2 to the protective mounting cylinder 4. Figure 1 As shown, the top of the inner cavity of the protection installation cylinder 4 is a trapezoidal assembly port 1, and the middle is an assembly port 2 adapted to the nozzle body 2. The connection between the assembly port 1 and the assembly port 2 forms a stepped end face 1, so one end of the elastic connector 6 can be fixed to the stepped end face, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the nozzle body 2. The inner wall of the protection installation cylinder 4 and the lower part of the nozzle body 2 are symmetrically elastically connected with a cover plate 7 for closing the protection installation cylinder 4. The elastic shaft connection is, for example, a rotating shaft and a torsion spring. The cross section of the cover plate 7 is semicircular to attach Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the inner cavity of the protective installation cylinder 4 is further provided with an assembly opening 3 having a larger diameter than the assembly opening 2. The connection between the assembly openings 2 and 3 forms a stepped end surface 2. The cover plate 7 is provided at the stepped end surface 2. Initially, the two cover plates 7 are in a horizontal state to seal the protective installation cylinder 4 so that gas or heat does not leak out from this point. In addition, the stepped end surface 2 restricts the cover plate 7 from turning over into the assembly opening 2. A limit ring 3 is provided on the outer wall of the injector body 1 and above the protective mounting tube 4. The diameter of the limit ring 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the assembly port 1. An electromagnetic adsorption member 10 (such as an electromagnetic ring, etc.) for adsorbing the limit ring 3 when powered is embedded on the protective mounting tube 4. When the electromagnetic adsorption member 10 is powered on to adsorb the limit ring 3, the injector body 1 and the nozzle body 2 are driven to squeeze the cover plate 7 and flip open. The limit ring 3 can be made of metal material or a metal ring can be embedded at the bottom of the limit ring 3. When fuel is injected through the fuel injector, the limit ring 3 can be adsorbed by opening the electromagnetic adsorption member 10, thereby The nozzle body 2 moves downward as a whole, causing the cover plate 7 to flip open, thereby distributing the injected fuel at the designated position. After the injection is completed, the electromagnetic adsorption component 10 is closed. Under the action of the elastic connecting member 6, the injector body 1 and the nozzle body 2 are reset upward as a whole, and then the cover plate 7 automatically flips and closes, effectively isolating the high-temperature gas generated in the subsequent combustion stage from direct contact with the nozzle body 2, reducing the damage to the nozzle body 2 caused by the high-temperature gas, and significantly reducing the blockage of the nozzle body 2 caused by ammonia decomposition products (such as nitrogen oxides and amino compounds, etc.), thereby extending the service life of the fuel injector.

[0018] Preferably, the fuel inlet mechanism 5 of this embodiment includes a shell 51, a connecting liquid inlet 52 provided on the shell 51 for connecting to the fuel supply equipment (including an ammonia storage tank storing ammonia fuel, a booster pump body and a connecting pipe, etc.), a groove opened at the bottom of the shell 51 and connected to the liquid inlet of the injector body 1, and a pipe portion connecting the liquid inlet and the groove, a movable plate 54 driven to move by the incoming fuel is movably provided in the groove, the outer wall of the movable plate 54 is embedded with a sealing ring in contact with the inner wall of the groove, a through opening is opened on the movable plate 54, and a sealing ring for closing the through opening is provided on the top of the movable plate 54. Plate 55, the diameter of the sealing plate 55 is larger than the diameter of the through-hole, a connecting member 57 is provided in the groove below the movable plate 54, the vertical section of the connecting member 57 is inverted T-shaped, one end of the connecting member 57 passes through the through-hole and is connected to the sealing plate 55, the movable plate 54 and the connecting member 57 are connected by an elastic member 56 (such as a spring), a detection member 53 in contact with the movable plate 54 is provided at the bottom of the groove, and the detection member 53 drives the electromagnetic adsorption member 10 to be energized when it is separated from the movable plate 54. Preferably, the detection member 53 is a contact sensor, the contact sensor is electrically connected to an external controller, and the external controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic adsorption member 10; Specifically, when in use, the fuel supply equipment first delivers the high-pressure ammonia fuel into the groove cavity through the connecting liquid inlet 52 and the pipeline part. As the ammonia fuel is continuously injected, the fluid pressure generated by it pushes the movable plate 54 to overcome the pre-tightening force of the elastic member 56 and move downward. During this process, the movable plate 54 and the sealing plate 55 gradually separate to form a passage, allowing the ammonia fuel to enter the injector body 1 chamber through the opening. At the same time, the displacement of the movable plate 54 causes it to break contact with the contact sensor in the detection member 53, and the contact sensor sends an electrical signal to the external controller, which then controls the electromagnetic adsorption member 10 to energize and work, so that the injector body 1 and the nozzle body 2 move downward for fuel injection. When the fuel supply equipment stops supplying ammonia fuel, under the pressure of no ammonia fuel, the elastic member 56 supports the movable plate 54 to contact the contact sensor, and the electromagnetic adsorption member 10 is in a closed state.

[0019] Preferably, the outer wall of the protective mounting tube 4 of this embodiment is provided with an external thread, and the top of the protective mounting tube 4 is integrally formed with an annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion is provided with several groups of fixing holes. The fuel injector is usually installed in the mounting hole opened on the cylinder head for supplying ammonia fuel to the main combustion chamber of the engine or installed in the mounting hole opened on the engine precombustion chamber for supplying ammonia fuel to the engine precombustion chamber. Therefore, an internal thread matching the external thread is provided in the mounting hole on the cylinder head or the mounting hole on the precombustion chamber to complete the rapid disassembly and assembly of the fuel injector. At the same time, an annular protrusion and a fixing hole are provided, which facilitates the use of a bolt-like structure to further fix the protective mounting tube 4 to the outer wall of the cylinder head or the outer wall of the precombustion chamber to prevent the threaded connection between the protective mounting tube 4 and the mounting hole from loosening.

[0020] Preferably, the inner wall of the protective mounting cylinder 4 of this embodiment is embedded with a sealing ring 1 for contacting the nozzle body 2. The sealing ring 1 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant materials. A sealing ring 2 is embedded at the bottom of the limiting ring 3. The sealing ring 2 can preferably be made of high-temperature resistant materials. An annular sealing groove for accommodating the sealing ring 2 is provided on the top of the protective mounting cylinder 4. The sealing ring 1 is used to ensure the sealing of the connection between the nozzle body 2 and the protective mounting cylinder 4. When the fuel injector is spraying, the limiting ring 3 contacts the protective mounting cylinder 4 under the action of the electromagnetic adsorption component 10, and further sealing protection is provided by the sealing ring 2 and the annular sealing groove to prevent gas leakage in the combustion chamber.

[0021] Preferably, the protective mounting tube 4 and the cover plate 7 of this embodiment are both made of high-temperature resistant materials, such as iron-based alloys or nickel-based alloys, which have excellent resistance to high-temperature oxidation, good high-temperature strength, and excellent resistance to ammonia corrosion, and have certain thermal conductivity.

[0022] Preferably, the elastic connector 6 of this embodiment is detachably connected to the nozzle body 2, such as by a bolt-type structure, so that the nozzle body 2 and the injector body 1 can be easily removed from the protective mounting tube 4 for maintenance and replacement.

[0023] Example 2 Please see the attached Figure 2 -Attached Figure 5 On the basis of embodiment 1, the pipeline portion of this embodiment includes a liquid inlet pipeline 58 communicating with the liquid inlet and a liquid outlet pipeline 59 communicating with the groove; Cooling channels 8 are provided at both ends of the inner wall of the protective installation tube 4. The bottom ends of the two sets of cooling channels 8 are connected to the annular cooling cavity 9 provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the protective installation tube 4. The top ends of the two sets of cooling channels 8 pass through the top of the protective installation tube 4 and are connected to the liquid inlet pipe 58 and the liquid outlet pipe 59 respectively. When high-pressure ammonia fuel is supplied to the fuel supply equipment, the high-pressure ammonia fuel first enters through the connecting liquid inlet, and then flows through the liquid inlet pipe 58, a cooling channel 8, an annular cooling cavity 9, another cooling channel 8 and the liquid outlet pipe 59 in sequence, and is finally injected into the groove. This method not only achieves efficient active cooling of the protective mounting cylinder 4 through the introduced liquid ammonia fuel, thereby extending its service life in a high-temperature environment, but also the ammonia fuel is gradually preheated by heat exchange with the protective mounting cylinder 4 during the flow process. The preheated ammonia fuel effectively improves the subsequent atomization effect and combustion stability.

[0024] Preferably, the liquid inlet pipe 58 and the liquid outlet pipe 59 of this embodiment are detachably connected to the top ends of the two cooling channels 8, respectively, and can be connected by bolts and flange structures, so that the nozzle body 2 and the injector body 1 can be easily removed from the protective mounting tube 4 for maintenance and replacement.

[0025] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel injector for an ammonia fuel engine, comprising an injector body (1) and a nozzle body (2) connected to a liquid outlet of the injector body (1), characterized in that: The invention also includes a protective mounting cylinder (4) movably sleeved on the outside of the nozzle body (2) and a fuel inlet mechanism (5) connected to the liquid inlet of the injector body (1). The nozzle body (2) and the protective mounting cylinder (4) are connected by an elastic connecting member (6). The inner wall of the protective mounting cylinder (4) and located below the nozzle body (2) are symmetrically connected to a cover plate (7) for closing the protective mounting cylinder (4). The outer wall of the injector body (1) and located above the protective mounting cylinder (4) are provided with a limiting ring (3). The protective mounting cylinder (4) is embedded with an electromagnetic adsorption member (10) for adsorbing the limiting ring (3) when it is energized. When the electromagnetic adsorption member (10) is energized to adsorb the limiting ring (3), it drives the injector body (1) and the nozzle body (2) to squeeze the cover plate (7) and flip it open.

2. The fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that The fuel inlet mechanism (5) comprises a shell (51), a connecting liquid inlet (52) provided on the shell (51) for connecting to a fuel supply device, a groove provided at the bottom of the shell (51) and connected to the liquid inlet of the injector body (1), and a pipeline portion connecting the liquid inlet and the groove, a movable plate (54) driven to move by the incoming fuel is movably provided in the groove, a through opening is provided on the movable plate (54), a sealing plate (55) for closing the through opening is provided on the top of the movable plate (54), a connecting piece (57) is provided in the groove below the movable plate (54), one end of the connecting piece (57) passes through the through opening and is connected to the sealing plate (55), the movable plate (54) and the connecting piece (57) are connected by an elastic piece (56), a detection piece (53) in contact with the movable plate (54) is provided at the bottom of the groove, and the detection piece (53) drives the electromagnetic adsorption piece (10) to be energized when it is separated from the movable plate (54).

3. The fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that The pipeline portion includes a liquid inlet pipeline (58) communicating with the liquid inlet and a liquid outlet pipeline (59) communicating with the groove; Cooling channels (8) are provided at both ends of the wall thickness of the protective installation cylinder (4); the bottom ends of the two groups of cooling channels (8) are communicated with an annular cooling cavity (9) provided at the bottom of the wall thickness of the protective installation cylinder (4); the top ends of the two groups of cooling channels (8) pass through the top of the protective installation cylinder (4) and are respectively connected to a liquid inlet pipeline (58) and a liquid outlet pipeline (59).

4. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein: The outer wall of the protective installation cylinder (4) is provided with an external thread, and the top of the protective installation cylinder (4) is integrally formed with an annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion is provided with a plurality of groups of fixing holes.

5. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein The inner wall of the protective installation cylinder (4) is embedded with a sealing ring 1 for contacting the nozzle body (2), the bottom of the limiting ring (3) is embedded with a sealing ring 2, and the top of the protective installation cylinder (4) is provided with an annular sealing groove for accommodating the sealing ring 2.

6. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein: The protective installation cylinder (4) and the cover plate (7) are both made of high-temperature resistant materials.

7. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid inlet pipeline (58) and the liquid outlet pipeline (59) are respectively detachably connected to the top ends of the two cooling channels (8), and the elastic connecting piece (6) is detachably connected to the nozzle body (2).

8. The fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that The detection component (53) is a contact sensor, the contact sensor is electrically connected to an external controller, and the external controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic adsorption component (10).

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