Compressed air energy storage power generation system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a compressed air energy storage power generation system and method. The system comprises a switched reluctance motor (1); the compressor (2) is coaxially connected with the switched reluctance motor (1) and is communicated with the first heat exchanger (3) through a pipeline; the first heat exchanger (3) is also respectively communicated with the input end of the gas storage tank (4) and the input end of the heat storage container (5) through pipelines; the second heat exchanger (6) is respectively communicated with the output end of the gas storage tank (4) and the output end of the heat storage container (5) through pipelines; and the expansion machine (7) is coaxially connected with the switched reluctance motor (1) and is communicated with the second heat exchanger (6) through a pipeline. In the energy storage stage, the system converts electric energy into high-pressure air and heat energy and stores the high-pressure air and the heat energy respectively; and in the energy release stage, stored heat is fully utilized to heat high-pressure air to push the expansion machine to generate power, and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency is improved through the switched reluctance motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a compressed air energy storage power generation system and method. Background Art

[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems are a key solution for grid peak shaving and renewable energy consumption. Their compactness directly impacts deployment flexibility. Existing CAES power plants are mostly large-capacity, using underground caverns as storage containers. They are primarily used to reduce peak loads and fill valleys in the grid.

[0003] The traditional layout of power units results in a bulky overall system with excessive floor space and height requirements, exceeding the upper limits of available space in many distributed energy scenarios and limiting its applicability in space-constrained environments. Furthermore, the complex transmission and control chains resulting from the multi-module configuration not only take up space but also cause operational response delays, hindering accurate frequency regulation of the grid.

[0004] Therefore, the existing compressed air energy storage system has the technical problem of being bulky and unable to adapt to space-constrained environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide a compressed air energy storage power generation system and method to simplify the volume of the compressed air energy storage system structure.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage power generation system,

[0007] The system includes:

[0008] a switched reluctance motor; a compressor coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor and connected to the first heat exchanger through a pipeline; the first heat exchanger is also connected to the input end of the gas storage tank and the input end of the heat storage container through pipelines; a second heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the gas storage tank and the output end of the heat storage container through pipelines; an expander coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor and connected to the second heat exchanger through a pipeline; wherein, in the energy storage stage, the switched reluctance motor uses electrical energy to drive the compressor to compress air, and the compressor transmits the high-temperature and high-pressure air generated after compression to the heat exchanger. After the high-temperature compressed air is cooled by the first heat exchanger, the residual heat is stored in the heat storage container, and the high-pressure air is stored in the gas tank; in the energy release stage, the second heat exchanger uses the heat released by the heat storage container 5 to heat the highly compressed air released by the gas tank, and the heated high-pressure air drives the expander to drive the switched reluctance motor to generate electricity.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage power generation method, which is applied to the compressed air energy storage power generation system described in the first aspect, and the method comprises:

[0010] The compressor is driven by a switched reluctance motor to compress the air; the high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by the compressor is transported to a first heat exchanger for cooling; the waste heat extracted by the first heat exchanger is stored in a heat storage container; the cooled high-pressure air is stored in an air storage tank; the high-pressure air released from the air storage tank is heated by a second heat exchanger using the waste heat stored in the heat storage container; the heated high-pressure air is transported to an expander; and the expander drives the switched reluctance motor to generate electricity.

[0011] The compressed air energy storage and power generation system provided by this invention achieves improved integration and significantly reduces the overall system size by coaxially integrating a switched reluctance motor with the compressor and expander, coupled with independent dual heat exchangers and heat / air storage units. Furthermore, the coaxial connection of the switched reluctance motor with the compressor and expander, combined with a closed heat recovery loop formed by the first and second heat exchangers, enables efficient storage and reuse of waste heat generated during the compression process in a heat storage vessel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a compressed air energy storage power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 A structural diagram of another small-scale distributed compressed air energy storage and power generation system based on a switched reluctance motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 A diagram of a composite structure of gas storage tanks in parallel in a small-scale distributed compressed air energy storage and power generation system and method based on a switched reluctance motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a main controller of a small-scale distributed compressed air energy storage and power generation system and method based on a switched reluctance motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the fuzzy control structure of a small-scale distributed compressed air energy storage and power generation system and method based on a switched reluctance motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the fuzzy-PI composite control structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the calculation principle of fuzzy-PI composite control weight coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 8 An adaptive control method for a motor to track and optimize a compression speed curve during compression provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 9 The invention provides an adaptive control method for a motor to track and optimize a power generation speed curve during power generation.

[0021] Figure 10 A fuzzy control membership function of an adaptive control method for a motor tracking and optimizing a compression speed curve during compression provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 11 The invention provides input and output control rules for a fuzzy controller in an adaptive control method for a motor to track and optimize a compression speed curve during compression.

[0023] The meanings of the marks in the figure are:

[0024] 1. Switched reluctance motor; 2. Compressor; 3. First heat exchanger; 4. Gas storage tank; 5. Heat storage container; 6. Second heat exchanger; 7. Expander; 8. Controller; 9. First intelligent regulating valve group; 10. Second intelligent regulating valve group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] It should be understood that the specific embodiments and drawings described herein are only used to explain the present invention rather than to limit the present invention.

[0027] It is understood that, in the absence of conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the various features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0028] It can be understood that, for the convenience of description, the drawings of the present invention only show parts related to the present invention, while parts unrelated to the present invention are not shown in the drawings.

[0029] It can be understood that each unit and module involved in the embodiments of the present invention may correspond to only one physical structure, or may be composed of multiple physical structures, or multiple units and modules may be integrated into one physical structure.

[0030] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention are used to distinguish different objects, or to distinguish different processing of the same object, rather than to describe a specific order of objects.

[0031] It will be understood that, without conflict, the functions and steps marked in the flowcharts and block diagrams of the present invention may occur in an order different from that marked in the drawings.

[0032] It is understood that the flowcharts and block diagrams of the present invention illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of the systems, devices, equipment, and methods according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each box in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a unit, module, program segment, or code, which contains executable instructions for implementing the specified functions. Moreover, each box or combination of boxes in the block diagram and flowchart may be implemented using a hardware-based system that implements the specified functions, or may be implemented using a combination of hardware and computer instructions.

[0033] It can be understood that the units and modules involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by software or hardware. For example, the units and modules can be located in a processor.

[0034] It should be noted that the scenario diagram described in the embodiment of the present application is intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can know that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application is also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0035] Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a large-scale energy storage technology that converts electricity into compressed air and stores it when electricity demand is low, and then releases the compressed air to generate electricity when electricity demand is peak.

[0036] The basic principles of CAES are as follows:

[0037] Inflating stage (energy storage): Excess electrical energy is used to drive compressor 2, which compresses the air and stores it in a high-pressure gas storage tank (or underground caves, salt caverns and other geological structures).

[0038] Energy release stage (power generation): During peak electricity consumption, high-pressure air is released. The air is heated (natural gas, waste heat, the heat of the air itself, etc.) to drive a gas turbine or expander to generate electricity.

[0039] Compressed air energy storage (CAES), as a key supporting technology for the grid connection of a high proportion of renewable energy, has achieved significant breakthroughs in recent years through the integration of thermal cycle optimization, energy storage carrier innovation, and intelligent control technology. Research focuses on multi-stage compression / expansion structure design and waste heat cascade recovery (such as Tsinghua University's cycle efficiency optimization based on phase change thermal storage materials), combined with new carrier technologies such as liquid air energy storage and underground salt cavern gas storage (isothermal compression solution of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences), effectively improving the system cycle efficiency to more than 65% and the energy storage density to 20-30kWh / m 3 , and reduce the cost of electricity to $0.12-0.15 / kWh. At the collaborative control level, model prediction and digital twin technologies developed by North China Electric Power University smooth out renewable energy power fluctuations and dynamically match multiple energy flows, supporting energy storage durations exceeding 12 hours. Future technologies will develop toward modular integration, efficient operation across a wide range of loads, and rapid response (millisecond-level regulation). At the same time, relying on the large-scale deployment of underground gas storage coupled with hybrid energy storage systems, they will further overcome geographical limitations and enhance grid resilience, providing a core technical path for building a zero-carbon power system.

[0040] However, research has found that existing compressed air energy storage technology has many shortcomings:

[0041] 1. Application Limitations: Existing compressed air energy storage power stations are mostly large-capacity, using underground caverns as storage containers. They are primarily used to reduce peak loads and fill valleys in power grids. However, current compressed air energy storage technology has limited coverage for small-scale distributed generation scenarios, or for small-scale energy storage needs within organizations or communities, making it difficult to meet the needs of these decentralized, small-scale energy storage applications.

[0042] 2. Energy Dependence and Resource Constraints: Compressed air energy storage power stations typically operate in conjunction with gas turbines to release energy. Compressed air is mixed with fuels such as natural gas and methane and burned to generate high-pressure, high-temperature gas that drives the gas turbine, which in turn drives the generator. This model relies heavily on fossil fuels. For regions with scarce resources like natural gas, this is not only costly but also difficult to ensure a stable supply, significantly limiting the widespread application of this technology.

[0043] 3. Equipment costs and operational challenges: In compressed air energy storage power plants, the motors used to compress the air and the generators used for power generation are typically separate devices. In large power plants, the motors' cost and size are relatively small; however, in small or micro compressed air energy storage systems, two separate motors significantly increase costs, occupy a larger space, and introduce significant maintenance difficulties, increasing operational complexity and costs.

[0044] 4. Loss of energy storage efficiency: The air compression process generates a large amount of heat. If this heat is not effectively recovered and reused, it will be wasted, resulting in significant energy loss during the energy storage process and reduced overall energy storage efficiency. Currently, bottlenecks in compression heat recovery and reuse technologies exist, limiting improvements in energy storage efficiency.

[0045] 5. Geographical constraints: Relying on underground caverns to build energy storage power stations places stringent geological requirements on the ground, and not all regions possess suitable geographical conditions. Finding suitable underground gas storage space is difficult and costly. In areas lacking suitable geological structures, construction costs can increase significantly or even become impossible.

[0046] Based on the above technical problems, the present application provides a compressed air energy storage power generation system to simplify the structure of the traditional compressed air energy storage system and improve the thermal cycle efficiency.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] This embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage power generation system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a switched reluctance motor 1, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 3, a gas storage tank 4, a heat storage container 5, a second heat exchanger 6, and an expander 7.

[0049] The compressor 2 is coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor 1 and is in communication with the first heat exchanger 3 through a pipeline.

[0050] The first heat exchanger 3 is also connected to the input end of the gas storage tank 4 and the input end of the heat storage container 5 through pipelines.

[0051] The second heat exchanger 6 is connected to the output end of the gas storage tank 4 and the output end of the heat storage container 5 through pipelines.

[0052] The expander 7 is coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor 1 and communicates with the second heat exchanger 6 through a pipeline.

[0053] Among them, in the energy storage stage, the switched reluctance motor 1 uses electric energy to drive the compressor 2 to compress the air. The compressor 2 transports the high-temperature and high-pressure air generated after compression to the first heat exchanger 3. After the high-temperature compressed air is cooled by the first heat exchanger 3, the residual heat is stored in the heat storage container 5, and the high-pressure air is stored in the air storage tank 4.

[0054] In the energy release stage, the second heat exchanger 6 uses the heat released by the heat storage container 5 to heat the high-pressure air released by the gas tank 4, and uses the heated high-pressure air to drive the expander 7 to drive the switched reluctance motor 1 to generate electricity.

[0055] Specifically, the switched reluctance motor 1 serves as a motor in the energy storage stage and a generator in the energy release stage.

[0056] The compressor 2 is coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor 1 and is used for compressing air.

[0057] The first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the compressor 2, the air storage tank 4 and the heat storage container 5, and is used to recover the waste heat generated by the compressed air.

[0058] The air storage tank 4 is used to store the cooled high-pressure air.

[0059] The heat storage container 5 is used to store the waste heat generated during the compression process.

[0060] The second heat exchanger 6 is connected to the gas storage tank 4, the heat storage container 5 and the expander 7, and is used to reuse the recovered waste heat.

[0061] The expander 7 is coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor 1 and is driven by high-pressure air to generate electricity.

[0062] During the energy storage phase, switched reluctance motor 1 is powered to drive compressor 2, which is coaxially connected to it, to compress the air, producing high-temperature, high-pressure air. This high-temperature, high-pressure air is piped into first heat exchanger 3. In first heat exchanger 3, the air is cooled, and the released waste heat is piped into heat storage container 5 for storage. The cooled, high-pressure air is then piped into air storage tank 4 for storage.

[0063] During the energy release phase, air tank 4 releases stored high-pressure air, which is piped into second heat exchanger 6. Simultaneously, the heat released by heat storage container 5 heats the air. The heated high-pressure air is piped into expander 7, which is coaxially connected to switched reluctance motor 1, driving it to generate electricity, thereby achieving energy recovery and output.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the compressed air energy storage power generation system improves the integration of the system power unit and significantly reduces the overall volume of the system through the coaxial connection design of the switched reluctance motor 1, the compressor 2 and the expander 7; the heat recovery closed loop constructed by the first heat exchanger 3 and the second heat exchanger 6 realizes the efficient storage and reuse of the waste heat generated by the compression process in the heat storage container 5. The system uses the heat energy of the heat storage container 5 to heat the high-pressure air during the energy release stage, which significantly improves the efficiency of the expander 7 and avoids the waste of compression heat energy. The energy conversion efficiency of the system is greatly improved by the thermal energy-kinetic energy collaborative storage scheme. At the same time, the bidirectional energy conversion characteristics of the switched reluctance motor 1 simplify the system structure, reduce the floor space and cost, and provide an efficient and flexible energy storage solution for large-scale renewable energy grid connection.

[0065] In addition, the switched reluctance motor itself has the advantages of high temperature resistance and high response speed. It can quickly switch operating states, reduce transmission delays, and further improve the system's dynamic performance and safety.

[0066] Alternatively, as Figure 2 As shown, the gas storage tank 4 is composed of multiple gas storage units connected in parallel.

[0067] The pipeline between the output end of the first heat exchanger 3 and the input end of the gas storage tank 4 is provided with a first intelligent regulating valve group 9, which is used to adjust the flow and sequence of high-pressure air entering each gas storage unit according to the pressure and flow status during the energy storage stage.

[0068] A second intelligent regulating valve group 10 is provided in the pipeline between the input end of the second heat exchanger 6 and the output end of the gas storage tank 4. The second intelligent regulating valve group 10 is used to adjust the release amount and sequence of high-pressure air in multiple gas storage units according to power demand and system status during the energy release stage.

[0069] Specifically, the gas tank 4 adopts a parallel structure of multiple gas storage units and introduces two sets of intelligent regulating valve groups. In the energy storage stage, the high-pressure air output from the first heat exchanger 3 is distributed through the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 arranged between the output end of the first heat exchanger 3 and the input end of the gas tank 4. The first intelligent regulating valve group 9 will intelligently adjust the flow rate and storage order of the high-pressure air entering each gas storage unit according to the real-time monitored pressure and flow status to achieve optimized distribution. In the energy release stage, the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 arranged between the input end of the second heat exchanger 6 and the output end of the gas tank 4 will accurately control the release amount and release order of the high-pressure air of each gas storage unit according to the changes in power demand and the system operation status, and deliver the regulated high-pressure air to the second heat exchanger 6.

[0070] In this embodiment, the multi-storage unit structure improves the scalability of the system's energy storage capacity, while the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 can adjust the air intake strategy in real time based on air pressure changes, preventing overload of a single air storage unit and extending the equipment's service life. Simultaneously, the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 achieves refined management of on-demand power generation through dynamic regulation of the energy release process, effectively addressing the energy waste and response lag caused by the "full-on, full-off" control method of traditional compressed air energy storage systems. This intelligent airflow management mechanism significantly improves the system's adaptability to load changes, increases the accuracy of peak and frequency regulation, improves system operating efficiency, and provides more flexible and reliable support for the stable operation of the power grid.

[0071] Alternatively, as Figure 2 As shown, the system also includes a controller 8, which is electrically connected to the switched reluctance motor 1, the compressor 2, the air storage tank 4, the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 respectively. The controller 8 is used to dynamically adjust the operating mode of the switched reluctance motor 1, the speed of the compressor 2 and the expander 7, and the valve opening of the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 according to the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system.

[0072] Specifically, the controller 8 is electrically connected to the switched reluctance motor 1, the compressor 2, the air storage tank 4, the first intelligent regulating valve group 9, and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10. During system operation, the controller 8 collects operating parameters of each link of the system in real time, such as pressure, temperature, flow rate, and speed. Based on these parameters, it executes a control algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating mode of the switched reluctance motor 1 during the energy storage and release phases, accurately control the speed parameters of the compressor 2 and the expander 7, and adaptively adjust the valve openings of the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 based on the calculation results, forming a closed-loop feedback intelligent control system.

[0073] This embodiment achieves coordinated control and optimized operation of all system components, resolving the issues of poor coordination and delayed response caused by independent control of components in traditional energy storage systems. Controller 8 precisely controls the switching of operating modes of the switched reluctance motor 1 based on real-time load demand and energy storage status, dynamically adjusting the speed and power matching of compressor 2 and expander 7. It also precisely controls the opening of the intelligent regulating valve group to achieve optimal airflow distribution.

[0074] Optionally, the gas storage unit is composed of carbon fiber composite material.

[0075] Specifically, carbon fiber composite materials have the advantages of light weight, low density and high strength. They can significantly reduce the total weight of the system, withstand higher working pressure and increase the energy storage density per unit volume.

[0076] In one example, the appropriate type of carbon fiber composite material can be selected first according to system design parameters such as working pressure, volume requirements, safety factor, etc. Common ones include carbon fibers of different strength grades such as T300, T700, and T800, which are matched with matrix materials such as epoxy resin and polyimide. During manufacturing, a winding process is usually adopted to wind the resin-impregnated carbon fiber bundles on the lining according to a specific angle and number of layers, and then perform a curing treatment to form a high-strength composite structure. After the gas storage unit is completed, it cooperates with the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 to form a complete gas storage system, and is connected to the first heat exchanger 3 and the second heat exchanger 6 through a pipeline to form an energy storage-energy release cycle.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] This embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage power generation method, which is applied to the compressed air energy storage power generation system provided in any of the above embodiments. The method specifically includes:

[0079] Energy storage stage:

[0080] The compressor 2 is driven by the switched reluctance motor 1 to compress the air; the high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by the compressor 2 is transported to the first heat exchanger 3 for cooling; the waste heat extracted by the first heat exchanger 3 is stored in the heat storage container 5; and the cooled high-pressure air is stored in the air storage tank 4.

[0081] Energy release stage:

[0082] The high-pressure air released from the gas tank 4 is heated by the second heat exchanger 6 using the waste heat stored in the heat storage container 5; the heated high-pressure air is transported to the expander 7; and the expander 7 drives the switched reluctance motor 1 to generate electricity.

[0083] Optionally, the gas storage tank 4 is composed of multiple gas storage units connected in parallel, and the pipeline between the output end of the first heat exchanger 3 and the input end of the gas storage tank 4 is provided with a first intelligent regulating valve group 9, and the pipeline between the input end of the second heat exchanger 6 and the output end of the gas storage tank 4 is provided with a second intelligent regulating valve group 10.

[0084] The above method may also include: adjusting the valve opening in the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 according to the pressure and flow status in the energy storage stage, and adjusting the flow and sequence of high-pressure air entering each gas storage unit; adjusting the valve opening in the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 according to the power demand and system status in the energy release stage, and adjusting the release amount and sequence of high-pressure air in multiple gas storage units.

[0085] Optionally, the above method also includes: dynamically adjusting the operating mode of the switched reluctance motor 1, the speed of the compressor 2 and the expander 7, and the valve opening of the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 according to the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system.

[0086] Optionally, the above method may further include: dynamically regulating the rotation speed of the compressor 2 by adopting a fuzzy control method.

[0087] The fuzzy control method is to determine the control signal of compressor 2 by the following formula (1):

[0088]

[0089] Among them, E is the fuzzy speed deviation, EC is the fuzzy change rate, e is the actual speed deviation, ec is the speed deviation change rate, ke is the speed deviation scaling factor, kec is the change rate scaling factor, u is the actual control signal, U fuzzy is the output after fuzzy inference, and ku is the output gain factor.

[0090] Specifically, first collect the real-time speed data of compressor 2, calculate the speed deviation e and change rate ec, and then convert these physical quantities into discrete quantities E and EC suitable for fuzzy reasoning through formula 1. Based on E and EC, the corresponding rules are matched in the fuzzy rule base, and U is obtained through fuzzy reasoning. fuzzy , and finally U fuzzy It is converted into actual control signal u and sent to the compressor 2 drive system to achieve precise control of the speed.

[0091] In some embodiments, the speed of the compressor 2 can be dynamically regulated by the controller 8 using a fuzzy control method.

[0092] In this embodiment, a fuzzy control-based speed regulation algorithm is introduced. This fuzzy control method utilizes the quantization conversion and fuzzy inference mechanism described in Equation 1 to address system uncertainties and nonlinear relationships. This method maintains excellent control performance under various operating conditions, including compressor 2 startup, sudden load changes, and steady-state operation. Dynamic adjustment of the speed deviation scaling factor ke and the rate-of-change scaling factor kec significantly enhances the system's ability to suppress disturbances. Furthermore, the introduction of the output amplification factor ku increases control output flexibility, avoids actuator saturation issues found in traditional control methods, extends equipment life, and improves energy conversion efficiency.

[0093] Optionally, the method may further include: controlling the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 using a fuzzy-PI dual-mode gradual change method, and adjusting the speed of the expander 7 by controlling the opening of each valve in the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 .

[0094] The fuzzy-PI dual-mode gradual change method is to determine the control signal U of the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 by the following formulas 2 to (8) and (10): add :

[0095] ω fuzzy +ω PI =1 (2)

[0096] Among them, ω fuzzy is the fuzzy control weight coefficient and ω PI is the PI weight coefficient.

[0097]

[0098] Among them, n ref is the dynamic reference speed, n0 is the buffer zone, ε- and ε+ are the set thresholds.

[0099] When the real-time speed n p In the interval [n-,n ref -2n0], ω fuzzy and ω PIThe value of is shown in the following formula (4):

[0100]

[0101] When the real-time speed n p In the interval [n ref -2n0, ε-], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (5):

[0102]

[0103] When the real-time speed n p When it is in the interval [ε-,ε+], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (6):

[0104]

[0105] When the real-time speed n p Located in the interval [ε+,n ref +2n0], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (7):

[0106]

[0107] When the real-time speed n p In the interval [n ref +2n0,n+],ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (8):

[0108]

[0109] Among them, U add is the control signal of the second intelligent regulating valve group 10, U PI is the proportional-integral control output value, U fuzzy is the output after fuzzy inference.

[0110] Specifically, the fuzzy-PI dual-mode gradual control method is adopted for the second intelligent regulating valve group 10. This control method achieves precise control of the speed of the expander 7 by adjusting the opening of each valve in the second intelligent regulating valve group 10. The control process is based on the mathematical model formed by formulas 2 to 8 and 10: First, formula 2 establishes the relationship between the fuzzy control weight coefficient and the PI control weight coefficient, so that the sum of the two is 1; then, the system adjusts the dynamic reference speed n according to the dynamic reference speed n. ref, buffer zone n0, set thresholds ε- and ε+, and divide the speed control into five intervals; the controller 8 collects the speed n of the expander 7 in real time p , and judge the range of real-time speed according to formula 3, and determine the weight of fuzzy control and PI control according to the formula corresponding to each range; finally, calculate the control signal U of the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 according to formula 10 add , as the regulating instruction of valve opening.

[0111] In some embodiments, the second intelligent regulating valve group 10 may be regulated by the controller 8 using a fuzzy-PI dual-mode gradual change method.

[0112] In this embodiment, by intelligently distinguishing speed deviations, the control strategy adaptively switches under different operating conditions: fuzzy control is used to provide strong correction capabilities in large deviation ranges, PI control is used to achieve zero-offset regulation in small deviation ranges, and weight gradients are used to achieve smooth switching in transition ranges. This "zoned control, smooth transition" strategy solves the technical problem of a single control method struggling to balance dynamic response and steady-state accuracy. When grid frequency fluctuates or demand changes rapidly, precise control of valve opening enables rapid tracking of generated power, providing high-precision and high-reliability technical support for frequency regulation and demand-side response in smart grids.

[0113] Optionally, the above method may further include: performing fault detection based on operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system; and executing a safety strategy when it is detected that the operating parameters exceed a preset threshold.

[0114] Specifically, various operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system can be collected in real time through different sensors, including but not limited to the temperature and current of the switched reluctance motor 1, the vibration and speed of the compressor 2 and the expander 7, the pressure and temperature of the gas tank 4, the status of the first intelligent regulating valve group 9 and the second intelligent regulating valve group 10, etc. The collected parameters are compared in real time with the multi-level safety thresholds pre-set in the system, and the fault feature recognition algorithm is used to determine whether the system is in an abnormal state. When any operating parameter is detected to exceed the preset threshold, the corresponding level of safety strategy is automatically executed according to the type and severity of the fault, such as limiting power output, adjusting the operating mode, isolating the faulty unit, or emergency shutdown, to ensure system safety.

[0115] In some embodiments, the controller 8 can perform fault detection based on the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system, and execute a safety strategy when it is detected that the operating parameters exceed a preset threshold.

[0116] In this embodiment, the safety and reliability of the compressed air energy storage power generation system are significantly improved through intelligent fault detection and safety policy execution. Real-time monitoring and safety protection mechanisms reduce the risk of equipment damage and safety accidents.

[0117] In a specific embodiment, a highly efficient and compact small-scale compressed air energy storage system and method are provided, which realizes bidirectional energy conversion by integrating a dual-function electric / generating switched reluctance motor (i.e., switched reluctance motor 1), adopts modular gas storage units and lightweight carbon fiber materials to construct an expandable gas storage structure, and combines fuzzy and fuzzy-PI intelligent control strategies to optimize energy conversion efficiency, significantly reduce system volume and cost, and improve dynamic response speed and operational reliability. It is suitable for distributed power generation, mobile energy storage, and renewable energy consumption scenarios, and provides flexible peak-valley regulation and energy storage support for the power system.

[0118] 1. Energy storage device of energy storage system.

[0119] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy storage device of the energy storage system includes: a controller 8, a compressor 2, an expander 7, a switched reluctance motor / generator (i.e., a switched reluctance motor 1), a regulating valve, a gas storage tank 4, a heat storage container 5, an insulated pipe and a heat exchanger and other structures.

[0120] The output of the controller 8 is connected to the control input of the expander 7, the compressor 2, the switched reluctance motor / generator and the regulating valve respectively, and controls the opening and closing of the expander 7, the compressor 2, the switched reluctance motor / generator and the regulating valve respectively.

[0121] The output end of the compressor 2 is connected to the input end of the gas storage tank 4 through a regulating valve, the output end of the gas storage tank 4 is connected to the input end of the expander 7 through a regulating valve, the input end of the heat storage container 5 is connected to the output end of the compressor 2 through the right insulated pipe and the first heat exchanger 3, the output end of the heat storage container 5 is connected to the input end of the expander 7 through the left insulated pipe and the second heat exchanger 6, and the input and output shafts of the expander 7 and the compressor 2 rotate coaxially with the input and output shafts of the switched reluctance motor / generator.

[0122] like Figure 3 The parallel composite structure diagram of the gas tank 4 shown includes multiple small gas tanks 4 and twice the number of regulating valves. The gas tank 4 uses modular gas storage units and lightweight carbon fiber materials to construct an expandable gas storage structure, which has the advantages of flexible capacity adjustment, high safety, light weight and strong pressure resistance.

[0123] The controller 8 includes: a DSP controller, a sensor, a voltage and current control circuit, a regulating valve opening control module, a relay input and output module, a touch screen control module, an alarm indication module, a communication module, and a motor control module.

[0124] Specific as Figure 4 As shown, the output end of the DSP controller is connected to the regulating valve and the switched reluctance motor / generator respectively through the regulating valve opening control module and the motor control module; the DSP controller is connected to the relay input and output module, and the output end of the DS controller is connected to the alarm indication module; the touch screen control module is connected to the input end of the DSP controller, and the sensor is connected to the input end of the DSP controller through the voltage and current conditioning circuit.

[0125] The sensors may include air pressure sensors, air flow sensors, valve position sensors, voltage sensors, current sensors, speed sensors and torque sensors, etc.; the DSP controller realizes remote communication with remote monitoring through the communication module.

[0126] The DSP controller is the main control module. It communicates with the upper control system through the communication module to obtain the control requirements of the entire system; reads the status of various sensors and input relays to obtain the current system operation status system; issues various instructions to control the opening of the regulating valve and the status of various output relays; outputs the current system status to the touch screen control system; inputs the control requirements of the switched reluctance motor / generator dual-function motor into the motor control module; and inputs system alarm information into the alarm module.

[0127] Specifically, when compressing air to store energy, the switched reluctance motor / generator operates as an electric motor to drive the air compressor 2, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then converting the mechanical energy into high-pressure air to be stored in the air storage tank 4, completing the energy storage; the input end of the heat storage container 5 is coupled to the exhaust end of the compressor 2 through the right-side insulated pipe and the first heat exchanger 3, realizing the cascade recovery and phase change heat storage of the exhaust waste heat of the compressor 2; the output end of the heat storage container 5 forms a heat feedback channel with the inlet of the expander 7 through the left-side insulated pipe and the second heat exchanger 6, and increases the expansion enthalpy of the working fluid by precisely releasing the stored heat energy, thereby enhancing the output of the expander 7 and the thermal efficiency of the generator set cycle, forming a complete compression heat recycling system; when the compressed air releases energy, the high-pressure air release drives the expander 7 to rotate, and the expander 7 then drives the switched reluctance motor / generator to generate electricity, converting the stored energy into electrical energy output. At this time, the switched reluctance motor / generator is used as a generator.

[0128] like Figure 2As shown, controller 8 serves as the core of the entire compressed air energy storage system, monitoring the system's operation according to the requirements of the superior control system. Controller 8 independently controls the expander 7, compressor 2, switched reluctance motor / generator, and regulating valve within the entire energy storage system, switching each unit to the appropriate state during energy storage and power generation, and providing timely warnings in the event of a system failure. Air passes through compressor 2, driven by the motor / generator, and compressed into high-pressure air, which is then stored in air tank 4. During release, the output air pressure is controlled by adjusting the pressure valve, which controls the speed of expander 7, driving the motor / generator to generate electricity and output electrical energy.

[0129] 2. Energy storage method.

[0130] The energy storage methods include: a control method for a switched reluctance electric / generator dual-function motor, an adaptive control method for the motor to track and optimize the compression speed curve during compression, an adaptive control method for controlling the pressure valve during power generation so that the power generation speed tracks and optimizes the power generation speed, a volume control method for the air storage tank 4, and a heat storage cycle control method.

[0131] (1) Control method of switched reluctance motor / generator dual-function motor.

[0132] Control method of a switched reluctance electric motor / generator dual-function motor: when compressing air to store energy, the switched reluctance electric motor / generator drives the air compressor 2 to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into high-pressure air and stores it in the air tank 4 to complete energy storage; when the compressed air releases energy, the high-pressure air release drives the expander 7 to rotate, and the expander 7 then drives the switched reluctance electric motor / generator to generate electricity and convert the stored energy into electrical energy output; the controller 8 monitors the operation of the energy storage system according to the requirements of the superior control system, and individually controls the expander 7, compressor 2, switched reluctance electric motor / generator, and regulating valve in the entire energy storage system, switches the appropriate state of each unit when storing energy and generating electricity, and issues a timely warning when the system fails.

[0133] (2) An adaptive control method for the motor to track and optimize the compression speed curve during the compression process.

[0134] Adaptive control method for motor tracking and optimizing compression speed curve during compression process, such as Figure 8 The specific steps are as follows:

[0135] (1) Obtain the optimal compression speed characteristic curve with efficiency priority based on the characteristics of the air tank 4.

[0136] First, the optimal compression speed characteristic curve with efficiency priority is obtained according to the characteristics of the air tank 4, and this curve is used as the speed tracking objective function of the compression process.

[0137] (2) Obtain the real-time speed of the switched reluctance motor / generator.

[0138] (3) Determine the speed deviation value and the speed deviation change rate based on the real-time speed and the dynamic reference speed at this moment.

[0139] The actual measured real-time speed is compared with the target function to obtain the speed deviation.

[0140] (4) According to the speed deviation value and the speed deviation change rate, the fuzzy control speed adjustment amount is obtained.

[0141] The speed deviation and the derivative of the speed deviation are input into the fuzzy controller 8 for processing to obtain the fuzzy control speed adjustment value.

[0142] like Figure 5 The fuzzy control structure principle diagram is shown in the figure, where the specific fuzzification and defuzzification formulas are as follows:

[0143]

[0144] Among them, ke, kec, and ku are proportional factors, which need to be calculated based on the specific fuzzy domain and basic domain.

[0145] The 7-level quantization language set is {NB (negative large), NM (negative medium), NS (negative small), ZO (zero point), PS (positive small), PM (positive medium), PB (positive large)}. The membership curve has various forms, the most common ones are triangle, trapezoid, Gaussian distribution, S-type, etc. Among them, the triangular function is simple to express, easy to calculate, has good anti-interference performance, and strong control ability in the steady-state region. To simplify the calculation, the membership functions of input and output quantities are all triangular functions, such as Figure 10 As shown. The control rules of the input and output of the fuzzy controller 8 are as follows Figure 11 shown.

[0146] (5) The switched reluctance motor / generator tracks the compression speed target function to obtain the optimal speed characteristic curve.

[0147] The control signal of the final output motor controls the speed of the switched reluctance motor / generator, reduces the speed deviation, makes the speed of the switched reluctance motor / generator track the target function, and obtains the optimal speed characteristic curve.

[0148] The fuzzy controller 8 can quickly track the target curve, has good robustness, and does not produce system chattering.

[0149] (3) An adaptive control method for controlling the pressure valve during power generation to track and optimize the power generation speed.

[0150] During the power generation process, the pressure valve is controlled to make the power generation speed track and optimize the adaptive control method of the power generation speed, such as Figure 9 As shown:

[0151] (1) Obtain the optimized characteristic curves between efficiency, speed, and power based on the expander and generator parameters.

[0152] First, the characteristic curves between the efficiency, speed and power optimized by the expander 7 and the switched reluctance motor / generator are obtained by selecting the types and parameters of the expander 7 and the generator.

[0153] (2) Through data analysis, the optimized power generation speed and efficiency curve are obtained as the power generation target speed curve.

[0154] (3) Obtain the real-time speed of the switched reluctance motor / generator.

[0155] (4) Determine the speed deviation value and the speed deviation change rate based on the real-time speed and the dynamic reference speed at this moment.

[0156] (5) According to the speed deviation value, determine the proportional-integral control speed adjustment amount.

[0157] (6) According to the speed deviation value and the speed deviation change rate, the fuzzy control speed adjustment amount is obtained.

[0158] (7) According to the real-time speed, the preset speed range, and the current dynamic reference speed, the fuzzy control weight coefficient and the proportional-integral control weight coefficient are determined.

[0159] (8) The total dual-mode control speed regulation amount is obtained based on the fuzzy control weight coefficient, the proportional-integral control weight coefficient, the fuzzy control speed regulation amount, and the proportional-integral speed control amount.

[0160] (9) The dual-mode control speed adjustment controls the opening of the pressure valve to adjust the speed of the expander.

[0161] (10) The switched reluctance motor / generator tracks the target function of the generating speed to obtain the optimal speed characteristic curve.

[0162] In this embodiment, the rotational speed deviation is reduced by a fuzzy-PI control method. The fuzzy control part of the fuzzy-PI composite control uses the same parameters as the fuzzy control in the air compression stage, including proportional factors, membership functions, fuzzy rules, etc.

[0163] like Figure 7The diagram of the calculation principle of the weight coefficient of the fuzzy-PI composite control is shown as follows: First, the bidirectional switching thresholds ε- and ε+ are calculated based on the control blind spot of the fuzzy control. Then, the weight coefficients of the two modes are calculated using a custom function, and a speed buffer band n0 is established near the set threshold. The linear weight coefficient calculation is performed within this buffer band. The closer the speed is to this threshold, the greater the proportion of PI control and the smaller the proportion of fuzzy control. When the temperature just reaches the set thresholds ε- and ε+, the mode is completely switched. After that, the proportion of PI control is 1 and the proportion of fuzzy control is 0. This threshold switching based on weight coefficients avoids the shortcomings of the complex structure and large amount of calculation of fuzzy rule switching, while also having the simplicity and clarity of threshold switching. The final composite controller 8 presents a "dual-mode gradual change" feature, simplifies the complexity of fuzzy switching, and eliminates the chattering problem of threshold switching. Ultimately, the fuzzy-PI composite control has the advantages of fast dynamic response speed of fuzzy control and no static error in steady state of PI control.

[0164] Among them, the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω fuzzy and PI weight coefficient ω PI The sum of is 1, as shown in the following formula (1):

[0165] ω fuzzy +ω PI =1 (2)

[0166] Set the threshold ε-, ε+ and the buffer zone n0, dynamic reference speed n ref The relationship is as follows:

[0167]

[0168] The specific weight coefficient calculation methods in different speed ranges are as follows: Formula (4) to Formula (8).

[0169] When the real-time speed n p Located in the interval Ⅰ[n-,n ref -2n0], where n- is a number less than n ref -2n0 smaller speed value, by Figure 7 It can be seen that the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω fuzzy and PI weight coefficient ω PI As shown in the following formula (4):

[0170]

[0171] When the real-time speed n p Located in interval II [n ref -2n0,ε-], refer to Figure 7 , and then according to the principle of similar triangles, the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω can be calculated fuzzyand PI weight coefficient ω PI As shown in the following formula (5):

[0172]

[0173] When the real-time speed n p When it is in interval Ⅲ[ε-,ε+], Figure 7 It can be seen that the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω fuzzy and PI weight coefficient ω PI As shown in the following formula (6):

[0174]

[0175] When the real-time speed n p When in interval IV [ε-,ε+], refer to Figure 7 , and then according to the principle of similar triangles, the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω can be calculated fuzzy and PI weight coefficient ω PI As shown in the following formula (7):

[0176]

[0177] When the real-time speed n p Located in interval Ⅰ[n ref +2n0,n+], where n+ is a value greater than n ref The maximum speed value of +2n0 is given by Figure 7 It can be seen that the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω fuzzy and PI weight coefficient ω PI As shown in the following formula (8):

[0178]

[0179] According to the fuzzy control weight coefficient ω fuzzy , PI control weight coefficient ω PI , fuzzy controller output U fuzzy and the PI controller output U PI The output value U of the fuzzy-PI composite controller is obtained add , with the composite controller output value U add The controlled object is regulated to realize speed closed-loop control based on the improved fuzzy-PI dual-mode compound controller.

[0180] Composite controller output value U add The specific calculation method is shown in the following formula (9):

[0181]

[0182] According to the above formula (2), formula (9) can be simplified to the following formula (10):

[0183] U add =w PI U PI +w fuzzy U fuzzy (10)

[0184] Formula (10) is the final output value U of the composite controller designed in the expansion power generation stage of the present invention. add The calculation formula of .

[0185] Specifically, when the speed deviation is large, a fuzzy controller is used to reduce the speed deviation as quickly as possible; when the speed deviation is small, a PI control method is used to make the power generation speed stably track the target speed; through the control adjustment output, the actual control signal of the pressure regulating valve is adjusted to adjust the opening of the regulating valve, and the speed of the expander 7 is adjusted, and finally the speed of the switched reluctance motor / generator is adjusted.

[0186] At this point, the fuzzy-PI composite controller has been implemented to control the speed of the expansion power generation stage. Ultimately, when the speed deviation is large, fuzzy control is used as the main control method. By leveraging its good dynamic response speed, the speed is forced to accelerate and approach the dynamic reference speed. When the speed deviation is small, PI control is used as the main control method. By leveraging the steady-state zero-static-error characteristic of PI control, the optimal power generation speed curve is continuously tracked to improve power generation efficiency.

[0187] (4) Volume control method of gas storage tank 4.

[0188] The volume control method of the gas tank 4 is a parallel composite structure of multiple small gas tanks 4. A regulating valve is set at the head and tail ends of these small gas tanks 4 to form a parallel composite structure. All the regulating valves are regulated by the DSP controller. The regulating valves at the head and tail ends of the corresponding gas tanks 4 can be opened and closed according to actual needs, thereby constructing an expandable gas storage structure. At the same time, all gas tanks 4 are made of lightweight carbon fiber material, which has the advantages of flexible capacity adjustment, high safety, light weight and strong pressure resistance.

[0189] (5) Heat storage cycle control method.

[0190] The heat storage cycle control method is a cascade heat storage cycle system. Its innovation lies in the use of dual heat exchangers to cooperate with the heat storage container 5 to construct a compression heat recovery loop: the input end of the heat storage container 5 is coupled with the exhaust end of the compressor 2 through the right-side insulated pipe and heat exchanger, realizing the cascade recovery and phase change heat storage of the exhaust waste heat of the compressor 2; the output end forms a heat feedback channel with the inlet of the expander 7 through the left-side insulated pipe and heat exchanger, and increases the expansion enthalpy of the working fluid by accurately releasing the stored heat energy, thereby enhancing the output of the expander 7 and the thermal efficiency of the generator set cycle, forming a complete compression heat cycle utilization system.

[0191] In some embodiments, the following method can be used to precisely release stored thermal energy and increase the expansion enthalpy of the working fluid: a temperature, pressure sensor, and flow meter are installed before the inlet of the expander 7 to monitor the initial enthalpy of the working fluid (e.g., air) in real time. When the working fluid enthalpy is detected to be below a set threshold (e.g., due to a sudden load increase requiring increased output), or when the power grid dispatches to improve power generation efficiency, the thermal storage container is triggered to release thermal energy.

[0192] The present embodiment provides a highly efficient and compact small-scale compressed air energy storage system and method: (1) Through the innovative integration of dual-mode switched reluctance motors, modular gas storage technology and heat storage cycle systems, a highly integrated compressed air energy storage system is constructed, breaking through the technical bottlenecks of bulky and delayed response of traditional systems. It adopts lightweight composite gas storage units and adaptive intelligent control strategies to significantly improve energy conversion efficiency and equipment compactness, while reducing manufacturing costs and achieving flexible deployment and rapid dynamic response. The system can seamlessly adapt to distributed energy networks, effectively smooth out fluctuations in renewable energy, accurately absorb abandoned wind and solar power through mobile energy storage units, and support the short-term frequency regulation and peak-valley regulation needs of the power grid, providing the power system with a full-scenario energy storage solution with strong environmental adaptability, stable and reliable operation, and promoting the efficient absorption of clean energy and the construction of new power system resilience.

[0193] (2) A speed control method based on an improved fuzzy-PI composite controller is used to track the optimal power generation speed curve during the expansion power generation process, so that the final control effect has the advantages of fast dynamic response speed and strong anti-interference ability of fuzzy control and no static error in steady state of PI control. This method is optimized based on the traditional threshold switching method. Considering that the output of the two controllers may be different at the switching moment, the threshold switching will cause system jitter at the switching moment, which will reduce the reliability and stability of the speed control system.

[0194] Drawing on the ideas of threshold switching and fuzzy rule switching, the weight distribution of the outputs of the two modes begins before the switching threshold, so that the fuzzy control is gradually converted into PI control. This can avoid the jitter of the system at the moment of dual-mode switching and improve the reliability and stability of the system.

[0195] In one example, step (2) is as follows:

[0196] First, the characteristic curves between the optimized efficiency, speed and power of the expander 7 and the switched reluctance motor 1 are obtained by selecting and parameterizing the expander 7 and the generator; the optimized power generation speed and efficiency curves are obtained through data analysis as the target power generation speed curve; the speed deviation is reduced by using a fuzzy-PI control method; when the speed deviation is large, a fuzzy controller is used to reduce the speed deviation as quickly as possible; when the speed deviation is small, a PI control method is used to make the power generation speed stably track the target speed; the control signal of the pressure regulating valve is actually output through control adjustment, the opening of the regulating valve is adjusted, the speed of the expander 7 is adjusted, and finally the speed of the switched reluctance motor 1 is adjusted.

[0197] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and illustrated in the figures. For the sake of brevity, a detailed description of known methods is omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and illustrated as examples. However, the method process of the present application is not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of the steps after understanding the spirit of the present application.

[0198] The functional blocks shown in the above block diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, they can be, for example, electronic circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), appropriate firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc. When implemented in software, the elements of the present application are programs or code segments that are used to perform the required tasks. Programs or code segments can be stored in machine-readable media, or transmitted on a transmission medium or image processing link by a data signal carried in a carrier wave. "Machine-readable media" can include any medium that can store or transmit information. Examples of machine-readable media include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROMs, flash memories, erasable ROMs (EROMs), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, optical fiber media, radio frequency (RF) links, etc. The code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, intranets, etc.

[0199] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this application describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, this application is not limited to the order of the above steps. In other words, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0200] Aspects of the present disclosure have been described above with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that each box in the flowchart and / or block diagram and the combination of each box in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine so that these instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device enable the implementation of the function / action specified in one or more boxes of the flowchart and / or block diagram. Such a processor can be, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a special application processor or a field programmable logic circuit. It is also understood that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart and the combination of the boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart can also be implemented by dedicated hardware that performs the specified function or action, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0201] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, modules and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage power generation system, characterized in that: The system comprises: Switched reluctance motor (1); A compressor (2) is coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor (1) and is in communication with the first heat exchanger (3) via a pipeline; The first heat exchanger (3) is also connected to the input end of the gas storage tank (4) and the input end of the heat storage container (5) through pipelines; a second heat exchanger (6) connected to the output end of the gas storage tank (4) and the output end of the heat storage container (5) through pipelines; an expander (7) coaxially connected to the switched reluctance motor (1) and in communication with the second heat exchanger (6) via a pipeline; In the energy storage stage, the switched reluctance motor (1) uses electric energy to drive the compressor (2) to compress air, and the compressor (2) transmits the high-temperature and high-pressure air generated after compression to the first heat exchanger (3). After the first heat exchanger (3) cools the high-temperature compressed air, the residual heat is stored in the heat storage container (5), and the high-pressure air is stored in the air storage tank (4); In the energy release stage, the second heat exchanger (6) uses the heat released by the heat storage container (5) to heat the high-pressure air released by the gas storage tank (4), and uses the heated high-pressure air to drive the expander (7) to drive the switched reluctance motor (1) to generate electricity.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The gas storage tank (4) is composed of a plurality of gas storage units connected in parallel. A first intelligent regulating valve group (9) is provided in a pipeline between the output end of the first heat exchanger (3) and the input end of the gas storage tank (4), and the first intelligent regulating valve group (9) is used to adjust the flow rate and sequence of high-pressure air entering each gas storage unit according to the pressure and flow state during the energy storage stage; A second intelligent regulating valve group (10) is provided in the pipeline between the input end of the second heat exchanger (6) and the output end of the gas storage tank (4). The second intelligent regulating valve group (10) is used to adjust the release amount and sequence of the high-pressure air in the multiple gas storage units according to the power demand and the system status during the energy release stage.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The system further includes a controller (8), wherein the controller (8) is electrically connected to the switched reluctance motor (1), the compressor (2), the air storage tank (4), the first intelligent regulating valve group (9) and the second intelligent regulating valve group (10), respectively. The controller (8) is used to dynamically adjust the operating mode of the switched reluctance motor (1), the speeds of the compressor (2) and the expander (7), and the valve openings of the first intelligent regulating valve group (9) and the second intelligent regulating valve group (10) according to the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system.

4. The system according to claim 2, wherein: The gas storage unit is composed of carbon fiber composite material.

5. A compressed air energy storage power generation method, characterized in that: Applied to the compressed air energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprises: The switched reluctance motor (1) drives a compressor (2) to compress the air; The high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by the compressor (2) is transported to the first heat exchanger (3) for cooling; storing the waste heat extracted by the first heat exchanger (3) in a heat storage container (5); storing the cooled high-pressure air in an air storage tank (4); The high-pressure air released from the gas storage tank (4) is heated by using the waste heat stored in the heat storage container (5) through the second heat exchanger (6); delivering the heated high-pressure air to the expander (7); The switch reluctance motor (1) is driven by the expander (7) to generate electricity.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The gas storage tank (4) is composed of a plurality of gas storage units connected in parallel, a first intelligent regulating valve group (9) is provided on the pipeline between the output end of the first heat exchanger (3) and the input end of the gas storage tank (4), and a second intelligent regulating valve group (10) is provided on the pipeline between the input end of the second heat exchanger (6) and the output end of the gas storage tank (4). The method further comprises: During the energy storage phase, the valve openings in the first intelligent regulating valve group (9) are adjusted according to the pressure and flow conditions to adjust the flow and sequence of high-pressure air entering each gas storage unit; During the energy release phase, the valve opening in the second intelligent regulating valve group (10) is adjusted according to the power demand and the system status, thereby adjusting the release amount and sequence of the high-pressure air in the multiple air storage units.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The method further comprises: According to the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system, the operating mode of the switched reluctance motor (1), the rotational speeds of the compressor (2) and the expander (7), and the valve openings of the first intelligent regulating valve group (9) and the second intelligent regulating valve group (10) are dynamically adjusted.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The method further comprises: The rotation speed of the compressor (2) is dynamically regulated by a fuzzy control method, wherein the fuzzy control method determines the control signal of the compressor (2) by the following formula (1): Among them, E is the fuzzy speed deviation, EC is the fuzzy change rate, e is the actual speed deviation, ec is the speed deviation change rate, ke is the speed deviation scaling factor, kec is the change rate scaling factor, u is the actual control signal, U fuzzy is the output after fuzzy inference, and ku is the output gain factor.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The method further comprises: The second intelligent regulating valve group (10) is regulated by a fuzzy-PI dual-mode gradual change method, and the speed of the expander (7) is adjusted by regulating the opening of each valve in the second intelligent regulating valve group (10). The fuzzy-PI dual-mode gradual change method is to determine the control signal U of the second intelligent regulating valve group (10) by the following formulas (2) to (10): add : oh fuzzy +oh PI =1 (2) Among them, ω fuzzy is the fuzzy control weight coefficient and ω PI is the PI weight coefficient; Among them, n ref is the dynamic reference speed, n0 is the buffer zone, ε- and ε+ are the set thresholds, When the real-time speed n p In the interval [n-,n ref -2n0], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (4): When the real-time speed n p In the interval [n ref -2n0, ε-], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (5): When the real-time speed n p When it is in the interval [ε-,ε+], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (6): When the real-time speed n p Located in the interval [ε+,n ref +2n0], ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (7): When the real-time speed n p In the interval [n ref +2n0,n+],ω fuzzy and ω PI The value of is shown in the following formula (8): U add =w PI U PI +w fuzzy U fuzzy (10) Among them, U add is the control signal of the second intelligent regulating valve group (10), U PI is the proportional-integral control output value, U fuzzy is the output after fuzzy inference.

10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method further comprises: Perform fault detection based on the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power generation system. When it is detected that the operating parameters exceed the preset threshold, the security policy is executed.

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