Vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring

Abstract

The invention relates to a vibration acceleration sensor for monitoring the health of an ancient building, and the sensor comprises a ceramic housing, an upper piezoelectric conversion element, a lower piezoelectric conversion element, and an electrode which is connected with the upper piezoelectric conversion element and the lower piezoelectric conversion element. The upper layer piezoelectric conversion element, the electrode and the lower layer piezoelectric conversion element are sequentially fixed from top to bottom through a supporting screw rod, and a diaphragm is arranged on the lower surface of the lower layer piezoelectric conversion element; the upper-layer piezoelectric conversion element, the lower-layer piezoelectric conversion element, the electrode, the supporting screw rod and the diaphragm are packaged in the ceramic shell through the vibration acceleration sensor body, and the vibration acceleration sensor body comprises a signal processing circuit, a wireless communication module and a sensor chip. According to the invention, long-term stable and high-precision vibration monitoring can be realized, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the real-time performance and reliability of ancient building health monitoring are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ancient building health monitoring, and in particular to a vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring. Background Art

[0002] As a vital component of cultural heritage, the health monitoring of ancient buildings is crucial for preserving their integrity and safety. Vibration accelerometers are key devices in this health monitoring process, collecting real-time vibration data from ancient buildings to assess their structural condition and safety. However, the application of traditional accelerometers in ancient building environments faces numerous challenges. Ancient buildings are often located in complex natural environments, exposed to adverse conditions such as high humidity, temperature fluctuations, and acid rain corrosion. These factors can lead to sensor performance degradation or even damage. Furthermore, traditional accelerometers often use metal or ordinary plastic packaging, which suffers from poor corrosion resistance and insufficient thermal insulation, making them difficult to adapt to the unique environmental requirements of ancient buildings. Furthermore, existing sensors are bulky and can cause irreversible damage to ancient buildings during installation. Furthermore, their reliance on high-power communication modules or manual data collection methods results in low monitoring efficiency and high maintenance costs, making them unable to meet the requirements of long-term stability, low interference, and real-time monitoring. Therefore, developing a corrosion-resistant, thermally insulated, and compact vibration accelerometer is crucial for improving the reliability and sustainability of ancient building health monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to address the problems of poor corrosion, insufficient thermal insulation performance, large size, and possible irreversible damage to ancient buildings during installation in the prior art. A vibration acceleration sensor for monitoring the health of ancient buildings is proposed, comprising a ceramic housing, an upper piezoelectric conversion element, a lower piezoelectric conversion element, and an electrode connecting the upper and lower piezoelectric conversion elements. The upper piezoelectric conversion element, the electrode, and the lower piezoelectric conversion element are fixed in order from top to bottom by support screws. A diaphragm is provided on the lower surface of the lower piezoelectric conversion element. The upper piezoelectric conversion element, the lower piezoelectric conversion element, the electrode, the support screw, and the diaphragm are encapsulated in the ceramic housing through a vibration acceleration sensor body. The vibration acceleration sensor body includes a signal processing circuit, a wireless communication module, and a sensor chip. The piezoelectric conversion element and the electrode cooperate to convert the vibration signal of the diaphragm into an electrical signal, which is then converted into vibration acceleration data through the sensor chip, the signal processing circuit, and the wireless communication module and transmitted to a monitoring terminal, thereby monitoring the health of the ancient building.

[0004] Preferably, the upper piezoelectric conversion element and the lower piezoelectric conversion element are piezoelectric ceramics with planar upper and lower surfaces.

[0005] Preferably, a plurality of protrusions are provided on both sides of the electrode, and the upper piezoelectric conversion element and the lower piezoelectric conversion element are provided with groove structures for accommodating the protrusions.

[0006] Preferably, the support screw is arranged on the upper surface of the upper piezoelectric conversion element.

[0007] Preferably, the support screw is arranged around the electrode.

[0008] Preferably, the thickness of the lower piezoelectric conversion element is greater than that of the upper piezoelectric conversion element.

[0009] Preferably, the ceramic shell includes aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide, has a porosity of 20%-50%, a uniform pore size distribution, a thermal conductivity ≤0.1W / (m·K), and a mass loss rate of <0.5% after immersion in an acidic environment of pH=3 for 30 days.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor chip is a MEMS three-axis acceleration sensor chip with a measurement range of ±2g to ±50g, a resolution of not less than 0.001g, and a noise density ≤100μg / √Hz.

[0011] Preferably, the vibration acceleration sensor is fixed to the surface of the ancient building to be measured by a magnetic fixing device or a non-invasive adhesive.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. High Environmental Adaptability: A high-entropy porous ceramic shell combined with a hydrophobic coating significantly improves corrosion resistance, heat insulation, and moisture resistance, meeting the long-term stability requirements of ancient buildings in complex environments. 2. High-Precision Monitoring: The MEMS chip and temperature compensation algorithm work together to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of ≥70dB within a bandwidth of 0.1-100Hz, supporting the precise capture of micro-vibrations and extreme events in ancient buildings. 3. Ultra-Low Power Design: The 3D integrated circuit is combined with dynamic power management technology to achieve a total power consumption of ≤1mW and wireless communication standby power consumption of ≤8μA, enabling continuous operation for more than three years. 4. Intelligent Diagnosis and Early Warning: The structural health classification accuracy of the CNN-LSTM fusion model is ≥98%, with a false alarm rate of <2%, enabling rapid response to early damage. 5. Non-Destructive Installation and Maintenance: The dual-mode magnetic / adhesive fixing solution adapts to the diverse surfaces of ancient buildings, leaving no residue after removal, minimizing the impact on the cultural relics themselves. 6. Large-Scale Deployment Capabilities: Self-test circuits and star-topology networking technology ensure sensor consistency and data synchronization, supporting the construction of large-scale monitoring networks for ancient building complexes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a logic block diagram of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1-first piezoelectric converter element; 2-first electrode; 3-second piezoelectric converter element; 4-first diaphragm; 5-first embodiment sensor body; 6-first support screw; 7-first embodiment acceleration sensor chip; 8-first high-entropy porous ceramic housing; 9-third piezoelectric converter element; 10-second electrode; 11-fourth piezoelectric converter element; 12-second diaphragm; 13-second embodiment sensor body; 14-second support screw; 15-second embodiment acceleration sensor chip; 16-second high-entropy porous ceramic housing DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the first technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the first technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example

[0021] The following are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] The present invention provides a vibration acceleration sensor for monitoring the health of ancient buildings. Figure 1 , is the first embodiment of the present invention, comprising a first high-entropy porous ceramic shell 8, a first piezoelectric converter element 1, a second piezoelectric converter element 3 and a first electrode 2 connecting the first piezoelectric converter element 1 and the second piezoelectric converter element 3, the first piezoelectric converter element 1, the first electrode 2 and the second piezoelectric converter element 3 are fixed in order from top to bottom by a first support screw 6, specifically, the first piezoelectric converter element 1 and the second piezoelectric converter element 3 are piezoelectric ceramics with flat upper and lower surfaces, the first support screw 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the upper piezoelectric converter element, the lower surface of the second piezoelectric converter element 3 is provided with a first diaphragm 4, the first piezoelectric converter element 1 is fixed in order from top to bottom by a first support screw 6, The electric conversion element 1, the first electrode 2, the second piezoelectric conversion element 3, the first support screw 6 and the first diaphragm 4 are encapsulated in the first high-entropy porous ceramic shell 8 through the first embodiment sensor body 5. The first embodiment sensor body 5 includes a signal processing circuit, a wireless communication module and the first embodiment acceleration sensor chip 7; the vibration signal of the first diaphragm 4 is converted into an electric signal through the cooperation of the first piezoelectric conversion element 1, the second piezoelectric conversion element 3 and the first electrode 2, and then converted into vibration acceleration data through the first embodiment acceleration sensor chip 7, the signal processing circuit and the wireless communication module and transmitted to the monitoring terminal, so as to perform health monitoring of the ancient building.

[0023] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 2, which is the second embodiment of the present invention, includes a second high-entropy porous ceramic shell 16, a third piezoelectric conversion element 9, a fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11 and a second electrode 10 connecting the third piezoelectric conversion element 9 and the fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11, the third piezoelectric conversion element 9, the second electrode 10 and the fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11 are fixed in order from top to bottom by a second support screw 14, specifically, a plurality of protrusions are provided on both sides of the second electrode 10, the third piezoelectric conversion element 9 and the fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11 are provided with a groove structure to accommodate the protrusions, and the protrusions are connected and fixed by embedding in the groove; the second support screw 14 is arranged around the second electrode 10, and the lower surface of the fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11 A second diaphragm 12 is provided, and the third piezoelectric conversion element 9, the second electrode 10, the fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11, the second support screw 14 and the second diaphragm 12 are encapsulated in the second high-entropy porous ceramic shell 16 through the second embodiment sensor body 13. The second embodiment sensor body 16 includes a signal processing circuit, a wireless communication module and a second embodiment acceleration sensor chip 15. The vibration signal of the second diaphragm 12 is converted into an electrical signal through the cooperation of the third piezoelectric conversion element 9, the fourth piezoelectric conversion element 11 and the second electrode 10, and then converted into vibration acceleration data through the second embodiment acceleration sensor chip 15, the signal processing circuit and the wireless communication module and transmitted to the monitoring terminal, so as to perform health monitoring of the ancient building.

[0024] The vibration acceleration sensor for monitoring the health of ancient buildings described in the above two embodiments is fixed to the surface of the ancient building to be tested by a magnetic fixing device or a non-invasive adhesive. Figure 3 , its specific working principle is:

[0025] (1) Vibration detection: The acceleration sensor chip is based on the piezoelectric effect or micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, and senses the vibration of the ancient building structure through internal sensitive elements (such as a mass block-spring structure). When the building vibrates, the mass block is displaced due to inertia, resulting in changes in capacitance, resistance or charge, thereby converting the mechanical vibration into an electrical signal. The sensor chip is specifically a MEMS three-axis acceleration sensor chip with a measurement range of ±2g to ±50g, a resolution of not less than 0.001g, and a noise density of ≤100μg / √Hz.

[0026] (2) Signal processing: The built-in signal processing circuit amplifies (enhances signal strength), filters (removes environmental noise interference), and performs analog-to-digital conversion (converts analog signals into digital signals) on the original electrical signals to ensure data accuracy and stability.

[0027] (3) Data Encapsulation and Protection: The high-entropy porous ceramic shell achieves thermal insulation through its porous structure, reducing the impact of external temperature fluctuations on internal components. At the same time, its high-entropy alloy properties give the material excellent corrosion resistance, protecting the sensor from erosion by moisture, acidic and alkaline environments. The high-entropy porous ceramic shell comprises aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, and yttrium oxide, with a porosity of 20%-50%, a uniform pore size distribution, a thermal conductivity of ≤0.1 W / (m·K), and a mass loss rate of <0.5% after immersion in an acidic environment of pH = 3 for 30 days.

[0028] (4) Wireless transmission and low-power operation: The processed data is transmitted to the cloud monitoring platform in real time via a low-power wireless communication module (such as NB-IoT and LoRa). The sensor adopts a low-power design (such as sleep mode and efficient power management) to extend battery life and meet long-term monitoring needs.

[0029] (5) System integration and monitoring: Multiple sensors are deployed at key locations (beams, columns, etc.) in the ancient building to form a network. The monitoring platform uses machine learning to analyze vibration data and identify abnormal patterns (such as crack expansion and structural loosening), providing early warning and a basis for maintenance.

[0030] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration acceleration sensor for monitoring the health of ancient buildings, characterized in that: The device comprises a ceramic housing, an upper piezoelectric conversion element, a lower piezoelectric conversion element, and an electrode connecting the upper piezoelectric conversion element and the lower piezoelectric conversion element. The upper piezoelectric conversion element, the electrode, and the lower piezoelectric conversion element are fixed in order from top to bottom by support screws. A diaphragm is provided on the lower surface of the lower piezoelectric conversion element. The upper piezoelectric conversion element, the lower piezoelectric conversion element, the electrode, the support screw, and the diaphragm are encapsulated in the ceramic housing through a vibration acceleration sensor body. The vibration acceleration sensor body comprises a signal processing circuit, a wireless communication module, and a sensor chip. The vibration signal of the diaphragm is converted into an electrical signal by the cooperation of the piezoelectric conversion element and the electrode, and then converted into vibration acceleration data through the sensor chip, the signal processing circuit, and the wireless communication module, and transmitted to the monitoring terminal, thereby performing health monitoring of the ancient building.

2. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper piezoelectric conversion element and the lower piezoelectric conversion element are piezoelectric ceramics with flat upper and lower surfaces.

3. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of protrusions are provided on both sides of the electrode, and a groove structure for accommodating the protrusions is provided on the upper piezoelectric conversion element and the lower piezoelectric conversion element.

4. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support screw is arranged on the upper surface of the upper piezoelectric conversion element.

5. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support screw is arranged around the electrode.

6. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower piezoelectric transducer element has a thickness greater than that of the upper piezoelectric transducer element.

7. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic shell has a hydrophobic layer including aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide, with a porosity of 20%-50%, a uniform pore size distribution, a thermal conductivity of ≤0.1W / (m·K), and a mass loss rate of <0.5% after immersion in an acidic environment of pH=3 for 30 days.

8. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor chip is a MEMS three-axis acceleration sensor chip with a measurement range of ±2g to ±50g, a resolution of not less than 0.001g, and a noise density of ≤100μg / √Hz.

9. The vibration acceleration sensor for ancient building health monitoring according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The vibration acceleration sensor is fixed to the surface of the ancient building to be measured by a magnetic fixing device or a non-invasive adhesive.

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