Compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device and method, and relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage. The device comprises a triaxial pressure servo control system, a temperature control system, an air pressure control system and a multi-parameter measurement system, and can cooperatively simulate the real working environment of the underground gas storage. The triaxial system comprises a high-pressure tank body and a loading device and is used for applying triaxial stress to the rock sample; the temperature control system adjusts the temperature of the rock sample; the air pressure system comprises a high-pressure destructive experiment mode and a low-pressure precise simulation mode, the high-pressure destructive experiment mode is used for carrying out a high-pressure test and verifying the critical burial depth under different geological conditions, and the low-pressure precise simulation mode is used for researching the mechanical behavior, the damage mechanism and the leakage mechanism of the gas storage by regulating and controlling the air pressure and the flow and simulating the inflation and deflation process; the multi-parameter measurement system collects rock sample physical response data in real time. Through cooperative work of multiple systems, response characteristics of multiple support sealing systems under different conditions can be accurately reflected, and the system has remarkable simulation precision, experiment efficiency and cost advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and more specifically, to a compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of compressed air energy storage technology, underground gas storage (UGS) are key components of the technology, tasked with storing and releasing large amounts of energy. However, during actual operation, UGSs face multiple factors, including complex geological environments, triaxial stresses, and the impact of gas charging and discharging cycles. This makes accurate prediction of their mechanical properties, failure mechanisms, and gas leakage pathways particularly difficult. Most existing experimental devices lack the ability to accurately reproduce geological conditions, the actual operating conditions of compressed air energy storage, and are unable to fully simulate the nonlinear response of rock samples under the influence of multiple factors. This poses significant technical challenges to UGS design and operation optimization.

[0003] While existing compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test devices can perform simple simulations of factors such as pressure and temperature in underground gas storage, most of these devices fail to account for the complex triaxial stress state in underground gas storage and its interaction with the filling and degassing processes. In particular, when simulating the mechanical response, temperature response, and leakage behavior of rock samples, traditional devices often fail to accurately reproduce the complex conditions encountered in actual operation, resulting in insufficient reliability and accuracy in test results. In other words, existing technologies suffer from the technical problem that experimental results cannot fully and reliably reflect the actual operational behavior of gas storage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the core innovations of this application is the dual-mode testing capability of high-pressure destructive testing and low-pressure precise simulation. The high-pressure destructive testing system can simulate extreme conditions of 0-70MPa intracavity pressure, and accurately determine the critical safety depth of energy storage reservoirs under different geological conditions by progressively pressurizing the sample until it fails. The low-pressure precise simulation system provides an adjustable pressure range of 0-20MPa, supports the simulation of the inflation and deflation process with an air pressure of ±0.1MPa, a gas leakage rate of 0.2%FS, a temperature of ±0.1°C, and a measurement accuracy of ±0.1 microstrain, and can realistically reproduce the physical, mechanical, and thermodynamic fluctuation characteristics in actual operation.

[0005] The Summary of the Invention section of this application introduces a series of simplified concepts that will be further described in detail in the Detailed Description of the Invention section. The Summary of the Invention section of this application is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device and method provided in this application can accurately simulate the working environment of underground gas storage through the comprehensive operation of a three-axis stress servo control system, a temperature control system, an air pressure control system, and a multi-parameter measurement system, combined with real-time monitoring by multiple sensors, and provide scientific data support. Compared with field tests, indoor simulation tests have significant cost and efficiency advantages.

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device, the compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device includes a three-axis pressure servo control system, a temperature control system, an air pressure control system, and a multi-parameter measurement system; the three-axis pressure servo control system includes a high-pressure tank and a three-axis loading system, the high-pressure tank is used to place the target rock sample, and the three-axis loading system is used to provide three-axis axial pressure for the target rock sample; the temperature control system includes a heating component, and the heating component is used to adjust the temperature of the target rock sample; the air pressure control system includes an injection and discharge air pipeline and two sets of independent air supply components, and the air pressure control system is used to inject and release air into the cavity in the target rock sample. The compressed gas is injected and released; the air pressure control system includes two independent modes, namely a high-pressure destructive experimental mode and a low-pressure precise simulation mode, which are used to simulate and verify the critical burial depth of the compressed air energy storage under different geological conditions; the air pressure control system is used to simulate the actual charging and discharging process of the compressed air energy storage by means of adjustable gas flow to explore the mechanical properties, failure mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage cavern; the target rock sample is a multi-layer structure including simulated surrounding rock, lining, slip layer and sealing layer; the multi-parameter measurement system includes a sensor component, and the sensor component is used to monitor the physical properties of the target rock sample.

[0008] In some embodiments, the three-axis pressure servo control system also includes an electro-hydraulic servo control component and a first data acquisition component; the electro-hydraulic servo control component is connected to the three-axis loading system through a hydraulic pipeline, and is used to adjust the three-axis pressure applied to the target rock sample by the three-axis loading system; it is used to simulate the pressure conditions of the actual formation; the first data acquisition component is used to collect pressure data, displacement data and stress data of the target rock sample in real time through the three-axis loading system.

[0009] In some embodiments, the temperature control system further includes a partition and a temperature control panel; the partition is used to uniformly transmit pressure to the target rock sample, and the heating component and the temperature sensing component are provided on the side of the partition close to the target rock sample; the heating component is used to simulate the temperature conditions of the actual formation.

[0010] In some embodiments, a circular hole for wired access to the heating component and the temperature sensing component is provided on the partition.

[0011] In some embodiments, the high-pressure tank body includes a top cover, a screw sleeve, a tank body and a fixed base; the bottom of the high-pressure tank body is provided with holes for arranging cables and pipes; the top cover is fixed to the tank body through the screw sleeve; the fixed base is fixed to the laboratory bench or base through a mechanical connection or a bracket.

[0012] In some embodiments, the target rock sample is a square sample with a side length of 100 mm to 300 mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the air pressure control system also includes an air injection pipeline, an air release pipeline, a pressure boosting pipeline, a gas flow meter, a buffer bottle, a multi-stage pressure reducing component, a supercharger, a conversion interface, a gas storage bottle, a temperature sensing component and a pressure sensing component; the two independent air supply components are an air compressor and a gas cylinder respectively; the air compressor is used in the low-pressure precise simulation mode to simulate the actual process of compressed air energy storage charging and discharging in a manner with adjustable gas flow to explore the mechanical properties, destruction mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage chamber; the gas cylinder is used in the high-pressure destructive experimental mode to verify the critical burial depth of the compressed air energy storage under different geological conditions; the gas flow meter is used to measure the gas flow injected into the target rock sample and released from the target rock sample; the buffer bottle is used to slow down the gas flow rate Fluctuation; the multi-stage pressure reducing component is used to adjust the gas flow injected into the target rock sample; the booster is used to increase the pressure of the gas injected into the target rock sample; the gas cylinder is used to store the air that drives the booster to operate; the air compressor and the gas cylinder are used to generate and store compressed air injected into the target rock sample; the conversion interface is used to connect the temperature sensing component, the pressure sensing component, the injection and discharge gas pipeline and the target rock sample; the temperature sensing component is used to monitor the temperature of the gas injected into the target rock sample cavity; the pressure sensing component is used to monitor the pressure of the gas injected into the target rock sample cavity, and feed back the pressure signal to the air pressure control system to realize the gas charging and discharging rate regulation during the charging and discharging process; at the same time, the gas leakage amount can be calculated according to the air pressure in the cavity and the sample.

[0014] In some embodiments, the multi-parameter measurement system includes: a temperature monitoring component and a strain monitoring component inside the sample, the temperature monitoring component is used to monitor the temperature at different positions inside the sample; the strain monitoring component is used to monitor the strain at different positions inside the sample; the temperature monitoring component inside the sample and the strain monitoring component operate in a coordinated monitoring manner, which are used to study the deformation coordination of each structural layer under temperature-stress coupling, analyze the influence mechanism of thermal-mechanical coupling effect on sealing performance, evaluate the stability evolution law of the structural system under different working conditions, establish the constitutive relationship of structural response under multi-field coupling, etc., to provide comprehensive experimental data support for optimizing the design of energy storage structures.

[0015] In some embodiments, the temperature sensing component and the pressure sensing component are inserted into the cavity of the target rock sample through the conversion interface; the injection and discharge gas pipeline is connected to the injection pipeline and the discharge gas pipeline through a valve, and is connected to the gas flow meter through the injection pipeline and the discharge gas pipeline; the air compressor is connected to the multi-stage pressure reducing device, the gas flow meter, the buffer bottle and the booster in sequence through the injection pipeline, and the booster is connected to the injection and discharge gas pipeline through a valve; the air compressor is connected to the gas storage bottle and the booster in sequence through the boosting pipeline.

[0016] On the second aspect, the present application also provides a method for indoor simulation testing of compressed air energy storage, including: preparing specimens of various structures including simulated surrounding rock, lining, sliding layer and sealing layer; applying simulated stratum stress through a triaxial loading system; simulating underground temperature environment using a temperature control system; using a high-pressure destructive experimental system to conduct destructive tests to determine the critical burial depth, or using a low-pressure precise simulation system to simulate the filling and discharging process to explore the mechanical properties, destruction mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage chamber; and monitoring the mechanical response and gas leakage characteristics of the specimen in real time through a multi-parameter measurement system. Using the indoor simulation test device for compressed air energy storage provided by the present application to conduct indoor simulation tests of compressed air energy storage can accurately simulate the working environment of underground gas storage, especially the response characteristics of various support and sealing systems, and has significant cost and efficiency advantages.

[0017] In summary, this application can truly restore the working environment of the underground gas storage through the integrated operation of the three-axis pressure servo control system, temperature control system, air pressure control system and multi-parameter measurement system, especially the behavior of rock samples under high pressure and three-dimensional stress, and can accurately simulate the gas storage process, gas seepage, rock mechanical properties and failure mechanism in the underground gas storage, providing more scientific data support for the design and optimization of the actual gas storage; and integrates multiple sensors such as temperature, pressure, gas flow, rock sample deformation, etc., which can monitor the changes of various physical quantities during the experiment in real time. Multi-parameter synchronous monitoring can provide comprehensive and accurate data for subsequent analysis, allowing researchers to have a clearer understanding of the physical and mechanical response of rocks under triaxial stress and cyclic charging and degassing processes; compared with field tests, indoor simulation tests have significant cost advantages. Field tests usually require a lot of money and time investment, and it is difficult to repeat experiments. By conducting indoor simulation tests through this device, experiments can be carried out multiple times under controllable experimental conditions, greatly improving experimental efficiency and reducing the economic cost of the experiment. In summary, the compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device provided in this application can accurately simulate the working environment of the underground gas storage through the comprehensive operation of the three-axis pressure servo control system, temperature control system, air pressure control system and multi-parameter measurement system, combined with real-time monitoring of multiple sensors, and provide scientific data support. Compared with field tests, indoor simulation tests have significant cost and efficiency advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present description. The same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the air pressure control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a multi-layer structure sample provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Terms in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application, such as "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like (if any), are used to distinguish between similar objects, rather than to describe a particular order or precedence. Therefore, it is understood that these terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate, so that the embodiments described can be implemented in a different order, unless otherwise specified in the drawings or descriptions. In addition, the terms "is" and "has" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover all possible constituent elements on a non-exclusive basis. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes several steps or units is not necessarily limited to the steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may also include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed, or steps or units that are inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0023] In this application, a "module" or "unit" refers to a computer program or part of a computer program that has a specific function and works in conjunction with other related parts to achieve a predetermined goal. These modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware (such as processing circuits or memories), or a combination of the two. One or more processors or memories can implement one or more modules or units. At the same time, each module or unit can also be part of a larger module or unit.

[0024] The technical solutions in this application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments described are only part of this application, not all embodiments. In the following description, the "some embodiments" mentioned are only a subset of all possible embodiments, which may be the same or different subsets, and different embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a three-axis pressure servo control system 110, a temperature control system 120, an air pressure control system 130, and a multi-parameter measurement system 140; the three-axis pressure servo control system 110 includes a high-pressure tank 1110 and a three-axis loading system 1120, the high-pressure tank 1110 is used to place the target rock sample, and the three-axis loading system 1120 is used to provide three-axis axial pressure for the target rock sample; the temperature control system 120 includes a heating component 1210, and the heating component 1210 is used to adjust the temperature of the target rock sample; the air pressure control system 130 includes an injection and discharge gas pipeline 1310 and two sets of independent air supply components (1320-1 and 1320-2), and the air pressure control system 130 is used to press the target rock sample The compressed gas (including but not limited to air, CO2, N2, etc.) is injected and released into the cavity in the cavern; the air pressure control system 130 includes two independent modes, namely a high-pressure destructive experimental mode and a low-pressure precise simulation mode, which are used to simulate and verify the critical burial depth of the compressed air energy storage under different geological conditions; the air pressure control system 130 is used to simulate the actual charging and discharging process of the compressed air energy storage by means of an adjustable gas flow rate to explore the mechanical properties, destruction mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage cavern; the target rock sample is a multi-layer structure including simulated surrounding rock, lining, slip layer and sealing layer; the multi-parameter measurement system 140 includes a sensor component 1410, which is used to monitor the physical properties of the target rock sample.

[0026] For example, the target rock sample refers to the rock material used to simulate the underground gas storage in the experiment, which is a processed rock sample. The cavity in the target rock sample refers to the cavity inside the rock sample, which is used to simulate the gas storage space in the gas storage. The cavity in the target rock sample is the core area for studying the impact of gas injection and release on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock sample, simulating the gas seepage process in the gas storage.

[0027] The triaxial pressure servo control system 110 is used to apply and adjust triaxial axial pressure to the target rock sample to simulate the complex geological stress environment to which the rock in the underground gas storage reservoir is subjected. By precisely controlling the triaxial pressure, the mechanical behavior of the rock sample under different stress states can be simulated. The triaxial pressure servo control system 110 includes a high-pressure tank 1110 and a triaxial loading system 1120. The high-pressure tank 1110 is the core part of the device, used to carry the target rock sample and provide the necessary physical environment for the experiment. The high-pressure tank 1110 is made of steel or other high-strength materials and has the ability to withstand high pressure. The triaxial loading system 1120 is used to apply triaxial axial pressure to simulate the complex geological pressure to which the rock sample in the underground gas storage reservoir is subjected. The triaxial loading system 1120 is driven by a hydraulic system and can precisely adjust the axial pressure of each axis of the rock sample.

[0028] The temperature control system 120 is used to adjust the temperature of the target rock sample to ensure that the target rock sample can simulate the actual underground environmental temperature changes during the experiment; the temperature control system 120 includes a heating component 1210, which can be a heating plate, a heating wire, a hot air flow device, etc., which can provide stable heat to the rock sample through electric heating or a hot water system.

[0029] The air pressure control system 130 is used to control the injection and release of compressed air, simulating the filling and discharging process of gas in a gas storage reservoir. The air pressure control system 130 includes an injection and discharge gas pipeline 1310 and gas supply components (1320-1 and 1320-2). The injection and discharge gas pipeline 1310 is used to connect the gas source to the rock sample cavity to control the injection and discharge of compressed air. It can include valves, pipes, joints, etc., and can be connected to the gas supply components (1320-1 and 1320-2) to ensure that the gas can accurately flow into the cavity of the target rock sample and be discharged when needed. The gas supply components (1320-1 and 1320-2) can include air compressors and gas cylinders for generating, storing, and transporting compressed gas. The gas in the gas cylinders can be air, nitrogen, or CO2. The high-pressure destructive test mode applies high pressure to a simulated gas storage structure through the air pressure control system 130, far exceeding the normal operating pressure, to test its mechanical response and destructive behavior under extreme conditions. This mode is used to study the ultimate pressure bearing capacity, structural instability patterns, and potential gas leakage paths of gas storage chambers under different geological conditions, thereby determining the critical burial depth of compressed air energy storage. This "destructive" method can reveal the failure mechanism of gas storage under high pressure and provide a safety margin reference for engineering design. The low-pressure precision simulation mode uses the air pressure control system 130 to finely control the gas charging and discharging process under low pressure conditions close to actual operating conditions to simulate the dynamic behavior of the gas storage system during normal operation. The focus is on accurately reproducing the compressed air energy storage process and analyzing the deformation characteristics, stress changes, and leakage mechanisms of multi-layer structures such as surrounding rock, lining, slip layer, and sealing layer under long-term operation. This helps to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanical response of gas storage chambers under stable operating conditions and provides a basis for optimizing the operating parameters and structural design of energy storage systems.

[0030] The multi-parameter measurement system 140 is used to monitor the physical parameters of the rock sample in real time, including stress, pressure, temperature, and displacement. This data can be used to analyze the physical and mechanical response of the rock sample during the experiment. The sensor component 1410 of the multi-parameter measurement system 140 can include strain sensors and temperature sensors.

[0031] In summary, the embodiment of the present application can realistically restore the working environment of the underground gas storage through the integrated operation of the three-axis pressure servo control system, the temperature control system and the air pressure control system 130, especially the behavior of the rock sample under high pressure and three-dimensional stress, and can accurately simulate the gas storage process, gas seepage, rock mechanical properties and failure mechanism in the underground gas storage, providing more scientific data support for the design and optimization of the actual gas storage; and integrates multiple sensors such as temperature, pressure, gas flow, rock sample deformation, etc., which can monitor the changes of various physical quantities during the experiment in real time. The simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters can provide comprehensive and accurate data for subsequent analysis, allowing researchers to more clearly understand the physical and mechanical response of the rock under triaxial stress and filling and degassing processes; compared with field experiments, indoor simulation experiments have significant cost advantages. Field experiments usually require a lot of money and time investment, and it is difficult to repeat experiments. However, by conducting indoor simulation experiments through this device, experiments can be carried out multiple times under controllable experimental conditions, greatly improving experimental efficiency and reducing the economic cost of the experiment. In summary, the compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application can accurately simulate the working environment of the underground gas storage through the comprehensive operation of the three-axis pressure servo control system, the temperature control system and the air pressure control system 130 and the multi-parameter measurement system 140, combined with real-time monitoring by multiple sensors, and provide scientific data support. Compared with field tests, indoor simulation tests have significant cost and efficiency advantages.

[0032] In some embodiments, the three-axis pressure servo control system 110 also includes an electro-hydraulic servo control component and a first data acquisition component; the electro-hydraulic servo control component is connected to the three-axis loading system 1120 through a hydraulic pipeline, and is used to adjust the three-axis pressure applied to the target rock sample by the three-axis loading system 1120 to simulate the pressure conditions of the actual formation; the first data acquisition component is used to collect pressure data, displacement data and stress data of the target rock sample in real time through the three-axis loading system 1120.

[0033] Exemplarily, the electro-hydraulic servo control component is a device that combines electrical and hydraulic control technologies, which can accurately adjust the working state of the three-axis loading system 1120, thereby controlling the three-axis pressure applied to the target rock sample, and adjusting the fluid pressure in the hydraulic system through the electronic control system to achieve precise pressure control; the electro-hydraulic servo control component can be composed of an electronic control system, a hydraulic pump, a servo valve, a hydraulic pipeline and a hydraulic cylinder. The electronic control system adjusts the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil by controlling the servo valve, thereby adjusting the pressure applied by the three-axis loading system 1120; in the implementation process, these control components are automatically controlled by a computer or PLC (programmable logic controller) system, and can set the size of the three-axis pressure, the application rate and the pressure holding time, etc.

[0034] The first data acquisition component refers to a device used to collect in real time the pressure data applied by the triaxial loading system 1120, the displacement data and the stress data of the rock sample during the experiment. It can include multiple sensors and data acquisition modules for measuring and recording the response data of the rock sample under the action of triaxial stress.

[0035] Through the implementation of the above embodiment, an electro-hydraulic servo control component and a first data acquisition component are added, which can adjust the triaxial pressure applied by the triaxial loading system 1120 in real time and collect pressure, displacement and stress data of the target rock sample, making real-time data monitoring during the experiment more accurate, and better capturing the mechanical response of the rock sample under different loading conditions, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the experiment.

[0036] In some embodiments, the temperature control system 120 further includes a partition and a temperature control panel; the partition is used to uniformly transmit pressure to the target rock sample, and a heating component 1210 and a temperature sensing component are provided on the side of the partition close to the target rock sample; the heating component 1210 is used to simulate the temperature conditions of the actual formation.

[0037] For example, the partition is an important component in the temperature control system 120, which is mainly used to transfer the temperature evenly to the target rock sample, and also has the function of applying pressure. The partition can effectively separate different physical spaces, making the control of temperature and pressure more precise, and ensuring that the stress and temperature environment of the rock sample in the test conforms to the actual underground conditions; the partition can be made of high-strength materials (such as steel, aluminum alloy or other high-temperature resistant materials) and can withstand higher pressure and temperature. The partition is set between the triaxial loading system 1120 and the target rock sample. At this position, the partition not only transmits pressure, but also ensures that the rock sample is subjected to uniform pressure loading, avoiding the impact of local pressure differences on the experimental results.

[0038] The temperature control panel is a device that can adjust and monitor temperature. It is responsible for providing the settings and feedback required for temperature control. The temperature control panel can display temperature data, control temperature changes and adjust corresponding heating or cooling measures. The temperature control panel includes a display screen for displaying the current temperature and target temperature values, and can also include buttons, knobs or touch screens for setting the target temperature.

[0039] The heating component 1210 is a device that provides heating for the target rock sample, primarily used to raise its temperature to meet predetermined experimental conditions. The temperature sensing component is a sensor or probe used to monitor and provide feedback on the target rock sample's temperature. This sensor can be a thermocouple, RTD (resistance temperature detector), or other device. The temperature sensing component is connected to the front panel of the temperature control system 120 and uses the sensor to detect the target rock sample's real-time temperature.

[0040] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, a partition and a temperature control panel are introduced to uniformly transmit pressure and adjust the temperature of the target rock sample, ensuring that the rock sample is uniformly stressed and has a uniform temperature distribution. This helps to more accurately simulate the actual temperature and pressure environment of the rock sample in the underground gas storage during the experiment, avoiding experimental errors caused by uneven temperature.

[0041] In some embodiments, circular holes are provided on the partition for wired access to the heating component 1210 and the temperature sensing component.

[0042] Exemplarily, the circular hole is an opening on the partition for wired access to the heating component 1210 and the temperature sensing component, usually with a circular cross-section, providing a channel for the installation of the heating component 1210 and the temperature sensing component and the passage of cables or wires, so that these components can be effectively connected to other systems and perform their functions; the edges of the circular hole can be reinforced to prevent wear or breakage, and can be processed by laser cutting, drilling or stamping to ensure that its shape is regular and the size is precise; depending on the number of components that need to be connected, the circular hole can be designed as a single hole, or multiple holes to accommodate different cables or components.

[0043] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, circular holes are set on the partition for wired access to the heating component 1210 and the temperature sensing component, which simplifies the structure of the device, facilitates the arrangement and connection of temperature control and sensing elements, and improves the convenience and reliability of experimental operations.

[0044] In some embodiments, the high-pressure tank body 1110 includes a top cover, a screw sleeve, a tank body and a fixed base; the bottom of the high-pressure tank body is provided with holes for arranging cables and pipes; the top cover is fixed to the tank body by a screw sleeve; the fixed base is fixed to the laboratory bench or base by a mechanical connection or a bracket.

[0045] Exemplarily, the top cover is the upper closed part of the high-pressure tank body 1110, which is connected to the tank body and serves to seal and protect the internal system. The screw sleeve is a threaded fixing component used to fix the top cover to the tank body, ensuring that the top cover is firmly connected and removable. The screw sleeve provides the basis for mechanical connection and prevents the top cover from loosening or deformation. The tank body is the main structural part of the high-pressure tank body 1110, which serves to accommodate the target rock samples and related experimental equipment; the tank body can be made of thick steel plates, alloy steel or stainless steel and has high strength and corrosion resistance, and can withstand high-pressure loads. The fixed base is the bottom support structure of the high-pressure tank body 1110, which is used to fix the high-pressure tank body 1110 on a laboratory bench or other support platform to ensure the stability and safety of the equipment. The hole is an opening set at the bottom of the tank body, which is mainly used to arrange the installation channels of pipes, cables and other external connection components required during the experiment.

[0046] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, the design of the top cover, screw sleeve and fixed base of the high-pressure tank body 1110 ensures the stability of the device and the safety of the equipment during the experiment. Through precise mechanical connection and wiring hole design, it can effectively support various experimental operations and avoid experimental interference caused by equipment instability.

[0047] In some embodiments, the target rock sample is a square specimen with a side length of 100 mm to 300 mm.

[0048] For example, the size of the target rock sample is designed to be a square specimen with a side length of 100 mm to 300 mm, aiming to simulate the size range of common rock samples in underground gas storage. Selecting a square specimen of this size can better ensure that the rock sample can withstand triaxial pressure loading during the experiment and is consistent with the physical dimensions of the rock formation in the actual gas storage.

[0049] By implementing the above embodiments, it is ensured that the experimental requirements of different scales can be met, and the test results can better simulate the behavior of rock samples in actual gas storage reservoirs, thereby enhancing the universality and reliability of the experimental results.

[0050] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the air pressure control system 130 also includes an air injection pipeline 1330, an air release pipeline (1320-1 and 1320-2), a pressurizing pipeline 1340, a gas flow meter 1391, a buffer bottle 1392, a multi-stage decompression component 1370, a gas storage bottle, a supercharger 1394, a conversion interface 1380, a temperature sensing component 1381 and a pressure sensing component 1382; the air supply component (1320-1 and 1320-2) includes an air compressor 1360 and a gas cylinder 1393; the air compressor 1360 is used in a low-pressure precise simulation mode, which is used to simulate the actual process of compressed air energy storage charging and discharging in a manner that can adjust the gas flow rate to explore the mechanical properties, damage mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage cavern; the gas cylinder 1393 is used in a high-pressure destructive experimental mode, which is used to verify the compressed air under different geological conditions. Critical burial depth of gas energy storage reservoir; gas flow meter 1391 is used to measure the gas flow injected into the target rock sample and released from the target rock sample; buffer bottle 1392 is used to slow down gas flow fluctuations; multi-stage pressure reducing component 1370 is used to adjust the gas flow injected into the target rock sample; booster 1394 is used to increase the gas pressure of the injected target rock sample; air compressor 1360 and gas cylinder 1393 are used to generate and store compressed air injected into the target rock sample; gas storage cylinder is used to store air for driving the operation of the booster; conversion interface 1380 is used to connect the injection and discharge gas pipeline 1310, temperature sensor 1381, pressure sensor 1382 and target rock sample; temperature sensing component 1381 is used to monitor the gas temperature injected into the target rock sample; pressure sensing component 1382 is used to monitor the gas pressure injected into the target rock sample.

[0051] Exemplarily, the gas injection pipe 1330 is used to transfer compressed air or gas from the gas supply components (1320-1 and 1320-2) (such as the air compressor 1360 or a gas cylinder) to the cavity of the target rock sample. The gas injection pipe 1330 is a core component of the gas injection process, ensuring that the gas can be stably and effectively injected into the experimental sample. The gas injection pipe 1330 can be made of high-pressure and corrosion-resistant materials (such as stainless steel pipes, polytetrafluoroethylene pipes, etc.), which have high pressure resistance and wear resistance. The gas discharge pipes (1320-1 and 1320-2) are used to discharge the gas in the rock sample to the outside. They are usually used to adjust the pressure or release excess gas during the experiment. The gas discharge pipes (1320-1 and 1320-2) help control the pressure and volume of the gas inside the rock sample by discharging gas. The gas discharge pipes (1320-1 and 1320-2) can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-pressure-resistant materials to ensure normal operation under high-pressure environments. The booster pipe 1340 is used to increase the gas pressure when needed. It is used in conjunction with the booster 1394 to guide the gas from the air compressor 1360 or the gas cylinder to the booster for pressure increase, ensuring that the gas reaches the high-pressure conditions required for the experiment; the booster pipe 1340 can be made of a larger diameter and high-strength material (such as a steel pipe) to withstand the increase in gas pressure and ensure the efficiency and safety of the boosting process.

[0052] Gas flowmeter 1391 measures the flow of gas injected into the rock sample and monitors the gas flow rate to ensure accurate experimental conditions. This helps regulate and control the gas injection and release rates, avoiding over-injection, under-injection, or deflation. Gas flowmeter 1391 can be an ultrasonic flowmeter, a differential pressure flowmeter, or a turbine flowmeter, with the appropriate range and accuracy selected based on experimental requirements. Buffer bottle 1392 stabilizes gas flow, reducing pressure and flow fluctuations during gas injection. This helps stabilize the gas supply and ensures a uniform gas flow without affecting the stress or temperature of the rock sample.

[0053] The multi-stage pressure reducing component 1370 is used to gradually reduce the pressure of the gas, especially when the injection gas pressure is high. The gas pressure is gradually reduced through multiple pressure reducing levels to ensure that the gas flow meter is not subjected to excessively high gas pressure. The multi-stage pressure reducer can be composed of multiple pressure reducing valves, and each stage reduces the pressure by a certain proportion until the stable pressure required for the experiment is reached.

[0054] The booster 1394 is used to increase the pressure of the gas and is usually used when high-pressure gas needs to be injected during the experiment. The low-pressure gas is pressurized to the required high pressure through the booster equipment to meet the experimental requirements of the target rock sample; the booster 1394 can adopt a pneumatic or hydraulic booster system.

[0055] The conversion interface 1380 is used to connect the gas injection pipeline 1330, the temperature sensor 1381, the pressure sensor 1382 and the cavity of the target rock sample to ensure that the gas can be smoothly injected into the rock sample to achieve the adjustability of the gas flow, and is connected to the gas injection and discharge pipeline, the gas injection pipeline 1330, and the gas discharge pipeline (1320-1 and 1320-2); the conversion interface 1380 can be composed of a joint or valve with a sealing function, which can be a threaded connection or a quick connector to ensure that there will be no gas leakage at the interface.

[0056] The temperature sensing component 1381 is used to monitor the temperature of the injected gas to ensure that the temperature is stable during gas injection and meets the experimental requirements; the temperature sensing component 1381 can use a thermocouple, RTD (resistance temperature detector) or infrared temperature sensor, and is often installed in the gas flow meter 1391 or the gas injection pipeline 1330, directly contacting the gas flow area.

[0057] The pressure sensing component 1382 is used to monitor the pressure of the injected gas and provide real-time pressure data to ensure that the gas injection process complies with the pressure range set in the experiment; the pressure sensing component 1382 can adopt a piezoresistive sensor or a strain gauge pressure sensor, which can accurately measure the pressure changes of the gas and transmit data to the control system in real time to adjust the gas flow and injection pressure.

[0058] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, the gas flow rate, pressure and temperature of the injected rock sample can be precisely controlled, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the gas flow during the experiment. The gas injection and release process in the gas storage reservoir can be realistically restored, providing high-quality data for the study of mechanical properties and seepage behavior.

[0059] In some embodiments, the temperature sensing component 1381 and the pressure sensing component 1382 are inserted into the cavity of the target rock sample through the conversion interface 1380; the injection and discharge gas pipeline 1310 is connected to the discharge gas pipeline (1320-1 and 1320-2) through a valve, and is connected to the air compressor 1360 through the discharge gas pipeline (1320-1 and 1320-2); the air compressor 1360 is connected to the multi-stage pressure reducing device, the gas flow meter 1391, the buffer bottle 1392 and the booster 1394 in sequence through the injection gas pipeline 1330, and the booster 1394 is connected to the injection and discharge gas pipeline 1310 through a valve; the air compressor 1360 is connected to the gas cylinder 1393 and the booster 1394 in sequence through the boosting pipeline 1340.

[0060] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, the connection structure of the gas injection pipeline 1330 and the boosting pipeline 1340, as well as the configuration of the air compressor 1360 and various control components are further optimized, ensuring the precise regulation of gas flow, pressure and temperature, improving the stability of gas flow during the experiment, reducing the uncertainty of gas flow, and thus improving the reliability of experimental data.

[0061] In some embodiments, the multi-parameter measurement system 140 includes: a temperature monitoring component and a strain monitoring component inside the sample, the temperature monitoring component is used to monitor the temperature at different positions inside the sample; the strain monitoring component is used to monitor the strain at different positions inside the sample; the temperature monitoring component and the strain monitoring component inside the sample operate in a coordinated monitoring manner, which are used to study the deformation coordination of each structural layer under temperature-stress coupling, analyze the influence mechanism of thermal-mechanical coupling effect on sealing performance, evaluate the stability evolution law of the structural system under different working conditions, establish the constitutive relationship of the structural response under multi-field coupling, etc., to provide comprehensive experimental data support for optimizing the design of energy storage structures.

[0062] Strain monitoring components may include fiber Bragg grating strain gauges, resistance strain gauges or distributed strain sensors attached to the outer wall of the rock sample or buried in the inner layer of the structure; temperature monitoring components may use thermocouple matrices, infrared temperature probes or fiber optic temperature sensing systems to meet the needs of synchronous monitoring of thermal-strain fields of different scales and accuracies.

[0063] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, the simulation test system of the present application can accurately capture and deeply analyze the response behavior of the energy storage structure under complex multi-physical field conditions, providing comprehensive and reliable experimental data support and theoretical basis for the safety assessment, sealing structure design and long-term stable operation of compressed air energy storage technology in deep geological media.

[0064] In some embodiments, the sensor component 1410 is disposed inside the target rock sample, and the second data acquisition component of the multi-parameter measurement system 140 is disposed outside the high-pressure tank 1110. The sensor component 1410 is connected to the second data acquisition component of the multi-parameter measurement system 140 via a wire or wirelessly.

[0065] Illustratively, sensor component 1410 is placed within the target rock sample during its preparation. Sensor component 1410 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor and a strain sensor. The second data acquisition component is a device used to receive and process data transmitted by sensor component 1410, and to store, process, or further analyze the data. The second data acquisition component may include a data acquisition card (DAQ card) or an embedded data processing module, which converts the analog signals output by the sensor into digital signals via a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC). These signals are then transmitted to a computer or embedded control system for further processing and analysis. If a wireless connection is used, the second data acquisition component may include a wireless receiving module (such as a Wi-Fi module or a Bluetooth module) to wirelessly receive data from the sensor.

[0066] Through the implementation of the above embodiment, the sensing component is installed inside the target rock sample, and the second data acquisition component of the multi-parameter measurement system 140 is set outside the high-pressure tank 1110, which can realize real-time monitoring and data acquisition of internal and external parameters of the rock sample, so that various data such as the mechanical properties and temperature changes of the rock sample can be collected simultaneously, which greatly enhances the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the experimental data and provides strong support for subsequent data analysis.

[0067] Furthermore, the present application also provides a method for indoor simulation test of compressed air energy storage, and uses the indoor simulation test device 10 for compressed air energy storage provided by the present application to perform indoor simulation test of compressed air energy storage.

[0068] The method may include the following:

[0069] Test 1: System response test during the operation of artificial chamber compressed air energy storage:

[0070] First, a rock sample to be tested (e.g., a composite structure sample of 300×300×300 mm including simulated surrounding rock, lining layer, sliding layer and sealing layer) is placed in the high-pressure tank 1110. The structure of the composite structure sample can be found in Figure 3 ) and applies triaxial pressure to the rock sample along the X, Y, and Z axes. Next, insert the heating component 1210, temperature sensing component, ground wire, and the base and hook of the deformation sensing component, ensuring they are connected to the corresponding partitions and multi-parameter measurement system 140. During this process, the temperature sensing component 1381 and the air pressure sensing component are connected to the rock sample's gas injection pipeline 1330 via the conversion interface 1380.

[0071] Next, the wiring of the other sensor components within the high-pressure tank 1110 was connected to the corresponding data acquisition components through the threading holes. A gantry crane was used to lift the top cover to the top of the tank and secure it with screws to ensure sealing and stability. The data acquisition system and multi-parameter measurement system 140 were activated to begin real-time collection of various test data.

[0072] Subsequently, the temperature control system 120 is activated and the target ambient temperature of the rock sample is set, and heating is initiated. Once the ambient temperature reaches the target value, triaxial stress application begins. The triaxial stress is then applied to the rock sample via the electro-hydraulic servo control system until the actual value reaches the target value. At this point, the cyclic inflation and deflation test can begin.

[0073] Start the air pressure control system 130, connect the air compressor 1360, the gas injection pipeline 1330, and the booster pipeline 1340, and control the gas flow through valves to ensure that the gas is injected into the rock sample cavity at the set flow rate. A flow meter monitors the gas flow in real time and records the cumulative value. After passing through the booster 1394, ensure that the gas pressure in the rock sample cavity reaches the target value, then close the relevant valves and disconnect the gas source.

[0074] Next, the gas is released, and the flowmeter records the released gas volume. When the pressure in the chamber drops to the target value, the gas release pipes (1320-1 and 1320-2) are closed and the next gas filling and degassing cycle is ready. This process is completed after multiple cycles, and at the end, the rock sample is removed and the condensed water content is measured.

[0075] Test 2: Test on the limit operating pressure of compressed air energy storage in artificial chamber:

[0076] This test is similar to Test 1, with the main difference being that, after the predetermined number of cycles is reached, the booster pipe 1340 is connected to the gas cylinder, and the pressure within the rock sample cavity is continuously increased until the rock sample fractures. This process, through the collection of test data, further determines the ultimate operating pressure of the artificial chamber compressed air energy storage.

[0077] Test 3: Reliability test of the compressed air energy storage sealing system in the artificial chamber:

[0078] The process for this test is similar to that of Test 1, with the key differences being that no gas cylinder replacement is required, and the chamber pressure is not raised to the breaking point. During the test, temperature and pressure data, along with the gas flow rate in and out of the chamber as monitored by a gas flow meter, are used to calculate gas leakage. The sealing performance of the rock sample is then tested under varying pressure and temperature conditions, thereby assessing the reliability of different sealing systems.

[0079] The device and method provided in this application have the ability to conduct high-pressure destructive tests. They can apply gas loads far higher than the actual operating pressure in simulated multi-layer structural rock samples (including surrounding rock, lining, sliding layer and sealing layer), thereby approaching or reaching the critical state of structural instability. This type of test can effectively reveal the destruction mechanism and ultimate bearing capacity of the gas storage chamber, and then determine the critical burial depth under different geological conditions. This is one of the key technologies in the study of compressed air energy storage safety. In particular, in the second test, the whole process from continuous loading to structural failure can be visualized and multi-parameter data can be collected, providing a quantitative basis for engineering design under extreme working conditions.

[0080] It also supports simulated charging and discharging process tests under low-pressure fine control conditions (corresponding to tests one and three). By precisely adjusting the gas flow, it can achieve dynamic restoration of the compressed air energy storage system under actual operating conditions. During this process, the gas temperature, pressure and leakage inside the cavity can be monitored in real time, thereby deeply analyzing the gas storage stability and gas migration laws under the action of thermal coupling. The experimental goal is to ensure stable operating pressure and minimize leakage risks, which is another core technical challenge to ensure the long-term operating efficiency and safety of the gas storage facility.

[0081] The integrated multi-parameter measurement system can conduct all-round real-time monitoring of the cavity temperature, gas pressure, inlet and outlet gas flow, as well as the strain and temperature changes in each layer structure inside the rock sample (surrounding rock, lining, slip layer, sealing layer); through the linkage analysis of the input and output gas flow and cavity pressure changes, it has the ability to calculate the actual leakage volume, and can dynamically grasp the sealing performance and stability of the gas storage structure without interfering with the operation of the system. This feature provides important support for the monitoring and evaluation of the entire life cycle of the energy storage system.

[0082] Figure 3 This paper demonstrates the design of a multi-layered specimen and the layout of a multi-parameter measurement system for compressed air energy storage simulation testing in an embodiment of this application. By simulating the layered structure of a real underground gas storage reservoir, this specimen enables comprehensive monitoring of the cavity interior, surrounding rock, lining, slip layer, and sealing layer. The following is a detailed description of the monitoring locations and corresponding data for each layer, as shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Figure 3 The sample structure shown covers the entire structural system from the gas storage cavity to the surrounding strata, and multiple types of sensors are deployed at key structural layers and interfaces. Real-time monitoring of core parameters such as temperature, strain, and pressure reflects the coupled thermal, mechanical, and gas multi-physics changes during the energy storage process, providing a high-fidelity simulation of actual underground gas storage in a laboratory setting. The combined design of the sealing layer and slip layer, combined with the deployment of temperature and strain sensors at the interface, accurately captures micro-leakage and slip behavior caused by thermal expansion and pressure fluctuations. Specifically, during the filling and degassing process, the coordinated monitoring of the cavity gas pressure and temperature allows the gas escape rate to be estimated, thereby quantitatively evaluating the sealing performance and its temporal evolution. Multi-layer monitoring data from the surrounding rock layer, lining layer, slip layer, and sealing layer supports the study of inter-structural coordinated responses from different directions and scales. For example, by comparing the hoop strain of the surrounding rock layer with the axial strain of the lining layer, in-depth analysis of interlayer stress transfer and deformation coordination mechanisms can be obtained, providing a basis for structural optimization.

[0086] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the core idea and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device, characterized in that: Including three-axis pressure servo control system, temperature control system, air pressure control system, and multi-parameter measurement system; The triaxial pressure servo control system includes a high-pressure tank and a triaxial loading system, wherein the high-pressure tank is used to place the target rock sample, and the triaxial loading system is used to provide triaxial axial pressure for the target rock sample; The temperature control system includes a temperature raising component, and the temperature raising component is used to adjust the temperature of the target rock sample; The air pressure control system includes an injection and release gas pipeline and two sets of independent gas supply components, and the air pressure control system is used to inject and release compressed gas into the cavity in the target rock sample; The air pressure control system includes two independent modes: a high-pressure destructive experimental mode and a low-pressure precise simulation mode. The high-pressure destructive experimental mode and the low-pressure precise simulation mode are used to simulate and verify the critical burial depth of compressed air energy storage under different geological conditions. The air pressure control system is used to simulate the actual charging and discharging process of compressed air energy storage by means of adjustable gas flow to explore the mechanical properties, failure mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage cavern. The target rock sample is a multi-layer structure including simulated surrounding rock, lining, slip layer and sealing layer; The multi-parameter measurement system includes a sensor component, which is used to monitor the physical properties of the target rock sample.

2. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-axis pressure servo control system further includes an electro-hydraulic servo control component and a first data acquisition component; The electro-hydraulic servo control component is connected to the triaxial loading system through a hydraulic pipeline, and is used to adjust the triaxial pressure applied by the triaxial loading system to the target rock sample to simulate the pressure conditions of the actual formation; The first data acquisition component is used to acquire pressure data, displacement data and stress data of the target rock sample in real time through the triaxial loading system.

3. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control system also includes a partition and a temperature control panel; The partition is used to uniformly transmit pressure to the target rock sample. The heating component and the temperature sensing component are provided on the side of the partition close to the target rock sample; the heating component is used to simulate the temperature conditions of the actual formation.

4. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The partition is provided with a circular hole for wired access to the heating component and the temperature sensing component.

5. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure tank body comprises a top cover, a screw sleeve, a tank body and a fixed base; The bottom of the high-pressure tank is provided with holes for arranging cables and pipes; The top cover is fixed to the tank body via the screw sleeve; The fixed base is fixed to the experimental table or base through mechanical connection or bracket.

6. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target rock sample is a square sample with a side length of 100 mm to 300 mm.

7. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air pressure control system also includes an air injection pipeline, an air release pipeline, a pressurization pipeline, a gas flow meter, a buffer bottle, a multi-stage pressure reduction component, a supercharger, a conversion interface, a gas storage bottle, a temperature sensing component and a pressure sensing component; the two sets of independent air supply components are an air compressor and a gas cylinder respectively; The air compressor is used in the low-pressure precision simulation mode to simulate the actual process of compressed air energy storage charging and discharging in a manner that can control the gas flow rate to explore the mechanical properties, damage mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage chamber; The gas cylinder is used in the high-pressure destructive test mode to verify the critical burial depth of the compressed air energy storage reservoir under different geological conditions; The gas flow meter is used to measure the gas flow injected into and released from the target rock sample; The buffer bottle is used to slow down gas flow rate fluctuations; The multi-stage pressure reducing component is used to adjust the gas flow rate injected into the target rock sample; The booster is used to increase the pressure of the gas injected into the target rock sample; The gas cylinder is used to store air for driving the supercharger; The air compressor and the gas cylinder are used to generate and store compressed air for injection into the target rock sample; The conversion interface is used to connect the temperature sensing component, the pressure sensing component, the injection and discharge gas pipeline and the target rock sample; The temperature sensing component is used to monitor the temperature of the gas injected into the target rock sample cavity; The pressure sensing component is used to monitor the pressure of the gas injected into the target rock sample cavity and feed back the pressure signal to the pressure control system to achieve gas charging and discharging rate control during the charging and discharging process; at the same time, the gas leakage amount can be calculated based on the gas pressure in the cavity and the sample.

8. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multi-parameter measurement system includes: a temperature monitoring component and a strain monitoring component within the sample, wherein the temperature monitoring component is used to monitor the temperature at different locations within the sample; the strain monitoring component is used to monitor the strain at different locations within the sample; the temperature monitoring component and the strain monitoring component within the sample operate in a coordinated monitoring manner, and are used to study the deformation coordination of each structural layer under temperature-stress coupling, analyze the influence mechanism of thermal-mechanical coupling effect on sealing performance, evaluate the stability evolution law of the structural system under different working conditions, establish the constitutive relationship of the structural response under multi-field coupling, etc., and provide comprehensive experimental data support for optimizing the design of energy storage structures.

9. The compressed air energy storage indoor simulation test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature sensing component and the pressure sensing component are inserted into the cavity of the target rock sample through the conversion interface; The gas injection and deflation pipeline is connected to the gas injection pipeline and the deflation pipeline through a valve, and is connected to the gas flow meter through the gas injection pipeline and the deflation pipeline; The air compressor is connected to the multi-stage pressure reducing device, the gas flow meter, the buffer bottle and the supercharger in sequence through the gas injection pipeline, and the supercharger is connected to the gas injection and discharge pipeline through a valve; The air compressor is connected to the gas cylinder and the supercharger in sequence through the supercharging pipeline.

10. A method for indoor simulation test of compressed air energy storage, characterized in that: An indoor simulation test device for compressed air energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to conduct an indoor simulation test for compressed air energy storage, so as to study the thermodynamic and physical mechanical responses of various support and sealing systems of actual compressed air energy storage; the indoor simulation test method for compressed air energy storage comprises: Prepare specimens of various structures including simulated surrounding rock, lining, sliding layer and sealing layer; apply simulated formation stress through a triaxial loading system; use a temperature control system to simulate the underground temperature environment; use a high-pressure destructive experimental system to conduct destructive tests to determine the critical burial depth, or use a low-pressure precise simulation system to simulate the filling and degassing process to explore the mechanical properties, failure mechanism and gas leakage mechanism of the gas storage cavern; and monitor the mechanical response and gas leakage characteristics of the specimen in real time through a multi-parameter measurement system.

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