Oscillator antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses an oscillator antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The oscillator antenna comprises a machine body part and a winding structure. The winding structure is arranged on the machine body part, and a gap exists between the winding structure and the machine body part. The winding structure is formed by winding a winding sheet. The winding structure comprises a plurality of winding rings which are coaxially arranged. The length of the machine body part is larger than that of the winding structure. According to the invention, the asymmetric half-wave oscillator antenna is formed through the body part and the winding structure, so that two resonant modes are excited in the VHF frequency band, and wider standing wave matching is obtained through dual-mode resonance, so that the gain of the oscillator antenna in the VHF frequency band is improved, and the detection operating distance of the unmanned aerial vehicle is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and specifically relates to a vibrator antenna and a drone. Background Art

[0002] Drones are increasingly being used, and using drones with cameras for photography is one of the most common applications. Drones can detect targets using spectral signals or electromagnetic waves. Drone control requires a data link and electromagnetic wave communication, so drones need antennas capable of various frequency bands.

[0003] Related technologies utilize relatively small structures on the drone's fuselage to form antennas. Due to the small size of these structures, they require loading (e.g., inductors and capacitors) to achieve standing wave matching. Furthermore, drone antennas have very low gain in the VHF (Very High Frequency) band, shortening the drone's detection range. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a dipole antenna.

[0006] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a drone.

[0007] In view of this, according to the first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a vibrator antenna is proposed, comprising: a body portion; a winding structure, which is arranged on the body portion and has a gap with the body portion, and the winding structure is formed by winding a winding sheet, comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged winding coils; wherein the length of the body portion is greater than the length of the winding structure.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the shape of the winding sheet includes a right triangle, and the winding sheet includes a first right-angled side and a second right-angled side; wherein, the winding structure is fixed to a surface of a preset shape by the second right-angled side, and the winding sheet is formed by circumferential winding around the axis of the preset shape, and one end of the winding structure is formed as a flush end and the other end is formed as a pointed end, and the flush end faces the body part.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the preset shape includes a cylindrical shape or a sheet-like rectangular shape.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the length of the first right-angled side is greater than the length of the second right-angled side; and / or the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side to the length of the second right-angled side is 1.5 to 4; and / or the length of the second right-angled side is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna; and / or the spacing between adjacent winding turns is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the winding sheet is provided with one or more fractal holes, and the fractal holes are arranged at positions of the winding sheet according to preset fractal geometric rules.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the material of the winding sheet includes metal or polyimide film material; when the material of the winding sheet is polyimide film material, a surface of one side of the winding sheet is covered with a copper layer.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the dipole antenna further includes: a first conductor, disposed at the core end point of the winding structure; a second conductor, connected to the body portion, the first conductor being disposed within the second conductor; and an insulating layer, disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor so that the first conductor and the second conductor do not contact each other.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the length of the body portion is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the vibrator antenna further includes: an adhesive tape, which is used to fix the outermost winding coil to the adjacent winding coil; or a fixed shell, which defines a fixed cavity, and the winding structure is arranged in the fixed cavity, and the inner wall of the fixed shell is provided with a fixing groove, and the fixing groove is embedded in the outer wall of the winding structure; or a fixed plate, which is provided at the flush end of the winding structure and includes a spiral groove, and the spiral groove is embedded in the flush end of the winding structure.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a drone is proposed, comprising the aforementioned vibrator antenna.

[0017] The vibrator antenna and drone provided in this application can achieve at least the following technical effects: In the present application, the body portion can be the body of the drone, that is, the drone body serves as one of the dipole arms of the dipole antenna. A winding structure is arranged on the body portion so that the winding structure serves as the other dipole arm of the dipole antenna. A gap is provided between the winding structure and the body portion so that the winding structure and the body portion are not in direct contact, thereby achieving smooth power feeding. The winding structure is formed by winding a winding sheet, and the winding structure includes multiple coaxially arranged winding coils. This minimizes the size of the structure added to the drone as much as possible, reducing the impact on the drone's aerodynamic performance. The gap in the winding structure extends the current path to increase the equivalent electrical length, which helps to achieve better standing wave. The length of the body portion is greater than the length of the winding structure. That is, the body portion serves as the long dipole arm and the winding structure serves as the short dipole arm, so that the body portion and the winding structure together form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna, which excites two resonant modes in the VHF band. Then, through dual-mode resonance, a wider standing wave matching is obtained, thereby improving the gain of the dipole antenna in the VHF band and increasing the detection range of the drone.

[0018] The above general description and the following description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not intended to limit the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by corresponding drawings. These exemplary descriptions and drawings do not limit the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are shown as similar elements. The drawings do not constitute a scale limitation. In addition, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point F in the middle; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the dipole antenna provided in the illustrated embodiment from an H perspective; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structural relationship between the winding sheet and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a winding sheet provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a winding sheet provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a winding sheet provided in yet another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the arrangement relationship between the fixed housing and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 10 A schematic side view of the arrangement relationship between the fixing ring and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 11 A schematic top view of the arrangement relationship between the fixing ring and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 12 A schematic side view of a winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 13 A schematic top view of a winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a winding process of a winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 15 A standing wave diagram of the dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 16 A schematic structural diagram of a drone (folding wings) provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 17 A schematic structural diagram of a UAV (composite wing) provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 18 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided in a comparative example of the present disclosure; Figure 19 This is the standing wave diagram of the antenna provided in the comparative example of the present disclosure.

[0020] The reference numerals indicate: 100: dipole antenna; 101: body; 102: winding structure; 103: gap; 104: winding sheet; 105: winding coil; 106: first right-angled side; 107: second right-angled side; 108: fractal hole; 109: first conductor; 110: winding core end point; 111: coaxial connector; 112: second conductor; 113: fixed housing; 114: flush end; 115: tip; 116: insulation layer; 117: fixing ring; 200: antenna; 201: cylindrical dipole arm; 300: Drone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to be able to understand the features and technical content of the embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail, the implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for reference only and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following technical description, for the sake of convenience of explanation, a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments is provided through multiple details. However, one or more embodiments can still be implemented without these details. In other cases, to simplify the drawings, well-known structures and devices can be simplified for display.

[0022] In the description and claims of the embodiments of the present disclosure and the accompanying drawings, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used to distinguish similar objects, but not necessarily to describe a particular order or sequential sequence, so as to facilitate the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein. In addition, the terms "including," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "middle", "outside", "front", "back" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly intended to better describe the embodiments of the present disclosure and their embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to having a specific direction, or to be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Moreover, in addition to being used to indicate directions or positional relationships, some of the above terms may also be used to indicate other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship in certain circumstances. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Unless otherwise stated, the term "plurality" means two or more.

[0026] The term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" means: A, B, or A and B.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless there is any conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0028] Combine Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a dipole antenna 100, comprising a body portion 101 and a winding structure 102. The winding structure 102 is disposed on the body portion 101, and a gap 103 exists between the winding structure 102 and the body portion 101. The winding structure 102 is formed by winding a winding sheet 104. The winding structure 102 includes a plurality of coaxially arranged winding coils 105. The length of the body portion 101 is greater than the length of the winding structure 102.

[0029] In this embodiment, the body 101 can be the body of the drone 300. In other words, the body of the drone 300 serves as one arm of the antenna 100. The coiled structure 102 is disposed on the body 101, allowing it to serve as the other arm of the antenna 100. By using the body of the drone 300 as part of the antenna 100, the antenna 100's dimensions can be significantly increased, enabling it to meet resonance requirements and achieve higher radiation efficiency, enabling longer-range target detection. In this embodiment, the body 101 can be cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or elongated oval, etc. It has a large aspect ratio (length to diameter), equivalent to a rod. The body 101 is molded from carbon fiber or formed by bonding multiple layers of fabric. Carbon fiber offers superior strength and toughness (compared to glass fiber) and is very lightweight.

[0030] In this embodiment, a gap 103 is provided between the winding structure 102 and the body 101 to prevent the winding structure 102 from directly contacting the body 101, thereby achieving smooth power feeding. In actual application, the size of the gap 103 between the winding structure and the body 101 can be adjusted according to the standing wave matching requirements.

[0031] In this embodiment, the winding structure 102 is formed by winding a winding sheet 104, and the winding structure 102 includes a plurality of coaxially arranged winding coils 105, which minimizes the size of the structure added to the drone as much as possible, reduces the impact on the aerodynamic performance of the drone, and extends the current path through the gaps in the winding structure 102 to increase the equivalent electrical length, which helps to achieve better standing waves.

[0032] In this embodiment, the length of the body portion 101 (eg Figure 1 C) is greater than the length of the coiled structure 102 (as shown in FIG. Figure 1 (As shown in Figure B), the body 101 serves as the long dipole arm, and the coiled structure 102 serves as the short dipole arm. The body 101 and coiled structure 102 form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna, achieving balanced feeding. This excites two resonant modes in the VHF band (suitable for drone detection). Dual-mode resonance further enhances standing wave matching, improving the gain of the dipole antenna 100 in the VHF band and extending the detection range of the drone 300. By matching the coiled structure 102 to the drone 300's body (serving as a metal ground), the antenna 100 maintains its size and resonance while achieving excellent standing wave matching and broadband performance with dual-mode support. This creates a highly efficient drone fusion antenna, achieving a longer detection range. Furthermore, excellent standing wave matching is achieved without the need for inductors, capacitors, or other loads.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the winding structure 102 is provided on the body 101 via a support structure to provide structural strength and achieve overall stability of the dipole antenna 100. The specific structure of the support structure is not limited and can be designed as needed.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the body 101 is provided with a cavity having an opening, the opening facing the winding structure 102. In combination with the gap 103 between the winding structure 102 and the body 101, the cavity inside the body 101 can be used to feed power to the starting point of the winding structure 102 (i.e., the winding core end point 110).

[0035] In a possible implementation, the body portion 101 is further provided with a window for placing the core circuit.

[0036] Combine Figures 3 to 8 as well as Figures 12 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments, the shape of the winding sheet 104 comprises a right triangle. The winding sheet 104 comprises a first right-angled side 106 and a second right-angled side 107. The winding structure 102 is fixed to a surface of a predetermined shape by the second right-angled side 107. The winding sheet 104 is formed by circumferentially winding around the axis of the predetermined shape, with one end of the winding structure 102 being formed into a flat end 114 and the other end being formed into a pointed end 115, with the flat end 114 facing the body 101.

[0037] In this embodiment, the shape of the winding sheet 104 includes a right triangle, so that the winding sheet 104 has a higher degree of freedom to form the winding structure 102. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The dotted triangle in FIG. 1 is used to indicate the winding sheet 104. Figure 5 The winding structure 102 is formed by winding the winding sheet 104. With the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 fixed to a pre-defined surface, the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the pre-defined shape to form the winding structure 102. The right-angled triangle shape of the winding sheet 104 allows the end of the winding structure 102 facing the body 101 to form a flush end 114, while the end of the winding structure 102 facing away from the body 101 forms a pointed end 115. Specifically, the diameter of the flush end 114 is larger than the diameter of the pointed end 115, achieving excellent broadband performance.

[0038] It should be noted that the interior of the winding structure 102 is hollow, that is, the location of the preset shape is hollow. In this embodiment, the internal shape of the winding structure 102 and the winding formation process are described by using the preset shape. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the preset shape is a cylinder. Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the preset shape is a sheet-like rectangular shape.

[0039] Combine Figure 3 、 Figure 4 as well as Figures 11 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments, the preset shape includes a cylindrical shape or a sheet-like rectangular shape.

[0040] In this embodiment, when the preset shape includes a cylindrical shape, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed on the surface of the cylindrical shape, and the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the cylindrical shape to form the winding structure 102. Figure 4 As shown, when the preset shape is a cylinder, the projection of the winding structure 102 on the body portion 101 is a planar spiral. The number of winding turns 105 of the winding structure 102 can be an integer or a decimal. When the number of winding turns 105 of the winding structure 102 is a decimal, the rotation angle corresponding to the last turn of the planar spiral is the decimal portion multiplied by 360° (the circumference of one turn of the winding turn 105).

[0041] In this embodiment, the sheet is in the shape of a rectangular body, i.e., a rectangular sheet with a certain thickness, i.e., a strip shape with a rectangular radial section, wherein the radial section is a section perpendicular to the length direction of the winding structure 102. The preset shape includes a sheet-like rectangular body shape, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixedly provided on the surface of the sheet-like rectangular body shape, and the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular body shape to form the winding structure 102. Figure 13 As shown, the projection of the winding structure 102 onto the body 101 is a rectangular spiral. The number of winding turns 105 of the winding structure 102 can be an integer or a decimal. A decimal number of winding turns 105 of the winding structure 102 indicates that the outermost turn of the winding structure 102 is not a complete turn. It is understood that in a rectangular spiral, the lengths of two adjacent sides may differ significantly. However, the total winding length of the rectangular spiral is the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding sheet 104.

[0042] In one possible implementation, combining Figure 4 As shown, the winding sheet 104 is wound around a cylindrical shape with a radius of r to form a winding structure 102. The projection of the winding structure 102 on the body 101 is a plane spiral. The calculation formula for the length of the plane spiral is:

[0043] Where A is the length of the plane spiral (i.e., the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding sheet 104), , dr is the spacing between adjacent windings 105 (i.e., pitch), s is the independent variable, r is the radius of the cylindrical shape, and an is the number of windings 105. By using the calculation formula for the length of the planar spiral, A, dr, an, and r can be adjusted to expand the usable range of the dipole antenna 100 and achieve good broadband performance.

[0044] For example, the winding sheet 104 can be wound around a cylinder with a radius of r to form the winding structure 102. Figure 4 As shown, the interval between two adjacent windings 105 is dr. The number of windings 105 is an, which may not be an integer. Figure 4 In the example, an is 7.25. Once the length (A) of the first right-angled side 106 of the wound sheet 104 is determined, the smaller r and dr are, the larger an is. The diameter Ra of the wound structure 102 is minimized, ensuring that the length (B) of the wound structure 102 is significantly greater than Ra. This results in the antenna element 100 being a linearly polarized half-wave antenna element 100 and facilitating the integration of the body 101 and the wound structure 102.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular body to form the winding structure 102. The projection of the winding structure 102 on the body portion 101 is a rectangular spiral. On the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body, the length of the radial cross-section is 2a and the width is 2b. With the center of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body as the coordinate origin O, the length of the radial cross-section extends along the X-axis, and the width of the radial cross-section extends along the X-axis. The formula for calculating the length of the rectangular spiral is:

[0046] In the formula, A is the length of the rectangular spiral (i.e., the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding sheet 104). a is half the length of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body. b is half the width of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body. drx is the spacing between adjacent windings 105 in the length direction of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body (i.e., in the X-axis direction). dry is the spacing between adjacent windings 105 in the width direction of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body (i.e., in the Y-axis direction). n is a variable. an is the number of windings 105. By calculating the formula for the length of the rectangular spiral, A, drx, an, and dry can be adjusted to improve the use range of the vibrator antenna 100 and enable the vibrator antenna 100 to achieve good broadband performance.

[0047] In practical applications, if an arc with a radius is provided at the turning point of the sheet-like rectangular body, the calculation of the length of the rectangular spiral can be adjusted accordingly. For example, for each additional turn of the winding 105, the arc radius increases by at least the thickness of the winding sheet 104. For another example, when the winding is tight, the increase in the arc radius is minimal.

[0048] In the extreme case where the winding sheet 104 is directly folded, b can be close to 0, and the minimum value of dry can be equal to the thickness of the winding sheet 104. For example, when the winding sheet 104 is made of metal, dry can be greater than the thickness of the winding sheet 104 to prevent metal interconnections and affect the performance of the dipole antenna 100. For another example, when the winding sheet 104 is made of polyimide film, with one side of the polyimide film covered with a copper layer, dry can be equal to the thickness of the winding sheet 104. In this case, the copper-covered side faces outward to prevent conductive connections between the windings 105.

[0049] Combine Figure 5 As shown, because winding sheet 104 is a right triangle, regardless of whether the projection of winding structure 102 is a planar spiral or a rectangular spiral, the winding length on the projection plane varies from 0 to A (A is the length of the first right-angled side 106 of winding sheet 104), and the corresponding change in the height of winding structure 102 is from B (B is the length of the second right-angled side 107 of winding sheet 104) to 0. In other words, the center of winding structure 102 is higher and the outer part is lower. In other words, the height of winding coil 105 is linearly correlated with the corresponding winding length, resulting in a stepped winding pattern on the outer surface of winding structure 102, which improves the standing wave matching effect.

[0050] A specific example of the winding process of the winding structure 102, the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular body to form the winding structure 102, and the projection of the winding structure 102 on the body part 101 is a rectangular spiral. On the radial section of the sheet-like rectangular body, the length of the radial section is 2a and the width is 2b. Taking the center of the radial section of the sheet-like rectangular body as the coordinate origin O, the length of the radial section extends along the X-axis direction, and the width of the radial section extends along the X-axis direction. The second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed on the surface of the sheet-like rectangular body and is located at the coordinate (a, b). The winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular body (which can be understood as the coordinate origin of the radial section) in a counterclockwise direction to form the winding structure 102. Among them, in the X-axis direction, the spacing between adjacent winding coils 105 is drx, and in the Y-axis direction, the spacing between adjacent winding coils 105 is dry. As Figure 14As shown, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed at the coordinate A1 (a, b), and the coordinates of the turning points of the winding sheet 104 during the winding process are: A2 (-a - drx, b), A3 (-a - drx, -b - dry), A4 (a + drx, -b - dry), B1 (a + drx, b + dry), B2 (-a - drx×2, b + dry), B3 (-a - drx×2, -b - dry×2), B4 (a + drx×2, -b - dry×2), C1 (a + drx×2, b + dry×2), …, M2 (-a- drx×n, b + dry× (n-1)), M3 (-a - drx×n, -b - dry× n), M4 (a + drx×n, -b - dry× n), N1 (a + drx×n, b+dry×n). In this example, A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, M2, M3, M4, and N1 are merely for convenience of description and are used to indicate the coordinate positions of various turning points during the winding process of the winding sheet 104. They do not limit the number of turns of the winding structure 102 or the spacing between adjacent winding turns 105.

[0051] In some embodiments, the length of the first right-angled side 106 is greater than the length of the second right-angled side 107 .

[0052] In this embodiment, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is relatively fixed, and the first right-angled side 106 of the winding sheet 104 is wound. The length of the resulting wound structure 102 is approximately the same as the length of the second right-angled side 107. The length of the first right-angled side 106 is greater than the length of the second right-angled side 107, that is, the first right-angled side 106 is relatively longer to provide an additional current path. The second right-angled side 107 is relatively shorter to better integrate the wound structure 102 with the body 101.

[0053] Furthermore, the length of the coiled structure 102 is equal to the length of the second right-angled side 107. The coiled structure 102 and the body 101 form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna, which can provide a linear antenna operating mode. Specifically, in space-constrained situations, the electric dipole of the linear antenna and the magnetic dipole of the slot antenna only need to meet the resonant length requirement in one direction, and the electric dipole of the linear antenna is smaller. In this embodiment, the coiled structure 102 effectively reduces the size, and by combining the coiled structure 102 with the body 101, a sufficient resonant size is achieved, while minimizing the impact on the aerodynamic performance of the drone 300.

[0054] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 1.5 to 4.

[0055] In this embodiment, the length of the first right-angled side 106 is greater than that of the second right-angled side 107. The shorter the length of the second right-angled side 107, the greater the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107. The length of the second right-angled side 107 (i.e., the length of the wound structure 102) is shorter than the length of the body 101 (i.e., the equivalent length of the metal ground), thereby achieving an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna. By setting the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 to be between 1.5 and 4, the shortcoming of the length of the second right-angled side 107 can be effectively compensated, resulting in a well-matched asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna.

[0056] This embodiment takes into account that if the length of the second right-angled side 107 of the wound sheet 104 remains unchanged, the further increase in the length of the first right-angled side 106 will gradually deteriorate the matching of the spiral pattern of the wound structure 102, ultimately resulting in a narrowband matching. Therefore, this embodiment achieves a wider standing wave matching by setting the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 to 1.5 to 4.

[0057] In a possible implementation, the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or 4.

[0058] In some embodiments, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100 .

[0059] In this embodiment, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100, so as to match the length of the first right-angled side 106 to obtain a wider bandwidth. The operating frequency band of the dipole antenna 100 can be the VHF band.

[0060] Furthermore, when the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 1.5 to 4, and the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100, the tighter the winding, the farther the two resonance points formed by the dual mode are apart, and a wider bandwidth can be obtained.

[0061] In a possible implementation, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 times, 0.15 times, or 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100 .

[0062] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent windings 105 is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side 107 .

[0063] In this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent windings 105 is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side 107, making the length of the winding structure 102 much greater than its diameter, thereby ensuring that the winding structure 102 meets the requirements of a linearly polarized dipole arm. Specifically, for a winding sheet 104 of the same size, the smaller the spacing between adjacent windings 105 and the greater the number of windings 105, the more closely the winding structure 102 as a whole resembles a rod, thereby ensuring that the length of the winding structure 102 is much greater than its diameter, thereby ensuring that the winding structure 102 meets the requirements of a linearly polarized dipole arm.

[0064] In a possible implementation, the spacing between adjacent winding coils 105 is 0.003 times, 0.005 times, 0.01 times, or 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side 107 .

[0065] In some embodiments, the length of the body portion 101 is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100 .

[0066] In this embodiment, the length of the body portion 101 is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna 100, that is, the length of the body portion 101 is smaller than half the wavelength of the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna 100. The vibrator antenna 100 is formed by the body portion 101 and the winding structure 102, and the electrical dimension is extended. Without affecting the structural strength of the body portion 101, the gap of the winding structure 102 is used to extend the current path, effectively increasing the equivalent electrical length, broadening the operating bandwidth of the vibrator antenna 100, achieving wide standing wave matching, and improving radiation efficiency, thereby enhancing the communication and detection capabilities of the vibrator antenna 100.

[0067] In a specific application example, the body portion 101 and the winding structure 102 integrally form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna 100, which can provide a linear antenna operating mode. The winding structure 102 can also provide a spiral antenna mode. The length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding sheet 104 is A, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is B, and the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100 is λ. Among them, A=1.5B, B=0.187λ, and the length of the body portion 101 is 0.315λ, so that the dipole antenna 100 can achieve wider standing wave matching, and the standing wave diagram of the dipole antenna 100 is as shown below. Figure 15 shown. Figure 15 In the figure, the horizontal axis is frequency, unit: MHz; the vertical axis is return loss, unit: dB.

[0068] Depend on Figure 15 It can be seen that in the frequency range of 65 MHz to 83 MHz, the return loss is less than -10 dB. At this time, the bandwidth is: , That is, the synergistic effect of the body portion 101 and the winding structure 102 can enable the dipole antenna 100 to generate multiple overlapping resonant modes, while compensating the impedance, achieving good matching in a wider frequency range, and realizing wide standing wave matching.

[0069] Comparative examples, such as Figure 18 As shown, the winding structure 102 of the dipole antenna 100 in the above example is replaced with a cylindrical dipole arm 201, and the antenna 200 is obtained. The standing wave diagram of the antenna 200 is shown as follows: Figure 19 shown. Figure 19 In the frequency range of 118MHz to 124MHz, the return loss is less than -10dB. At this time, the bandwidth is: , That is to say, replacing the coiled structure 102 of the dipole antenna 100 with the cylindrical dipole arm 201 cannot achieve wide standing wave matching.

[0070] Therefore, compared with the cooperation between the body 101 and the cylindrical vibrator arm 201 , the present application can achieve better standing waves through the synergistic effect of the body 101 and the winding structure 102 .

[0071] In some embodiments, combined Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the winding sheet 104 is provided with one or more fractal holes 108. The fractal holes 108 are arranged at the position of the winding sheet 104 according to a preset fractal geometric rule.

[0072] In this embodiment, one or more fractal holes 108 are provided on the winding sheet 104 to form more resonance points, thereby lowering the lowest resonance frequency and achieving wider bandwidth matching.

[0073] In this embodiment, the preset fractal geometry rule is not limited. For example, when the winding sheet 104 is in the shape of a right triangle and the fractal hole 108 is in the shape of a right triangle, the fractal geometry rule may be a fractal according to a Sierpinski triangle.

[0074] For example, Figure 6 As shown, the wrapping sheet 104 may be in the shape of a complete right-angled triangle sheet.

[0075] For example, Figure 7 As shown, the winding sheet 104 is shaped like a right triangle, and a fractal hole 108 is provided at the center of the winding sheet 104. The fractal hole 108 is shaped like a right triangle. The area of the fractal hole 108 is approximately 1 / 4 of the area of the winding sheet 104. The fractal hole 108 is located at the center of the winding sheet 104, leaving a right triangle area on each side of the fractal hole, which is a first-order fractal.

[0076] For example, Figure 8 As shown, the winding sheet 104 is shaped like a right triangle and is provided with a plurality of fractal holes 108, each of which is shaped like a right triangle. Following the first-order fractal method, a fractal hole 108 is provided at the center of each of the three right-angled triangle regions obtained after the first-order fractal, thus forming a second-order fractal.

[0077] In some embodiments, the material of the winding sheet 104 includes metal or polyimide film material. When the material of the winding sheet 104 is polyimide film material, a surface of one side of the winding sheet 104 is covered with a copper layer.

[0078] In this embodiment, the winding sheet 104 is a thin metal sheet or a polyimide film material sheet covered with a copper layer on one side, so that the winding sheet 104 can be wound to form the winding structure 102. This also provides the winding structure 102 with plasticity. For example, the winding structure 102 formed when the preset shape is a cylinder can be equivalent to the winding structure 102 formed when the preset shape is a sheet-like rectangular body after being flattened. Furthermore, the multi-layered winding structure 102 still has a certain degree of flexibility and can be installed on some curved surfaces.

[0079] It should be noted that the material of the winding sheet 104 can also be other flexible medium materials, as long as they can achieve the formation and function of the winding structure 102, and there is no limitation on this.

[0080] In some embodiments, combined Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the dipole antenna 100 further includes a first conductor 109, a second conductor 112, and an insulating layer 116. The first conductor 109 is disposed at the winding core end 110 of the winding structure 102. The second conductor 112 is connected to the body 101, and the first conductor 109 is disposed within the second conductor 112. The insulating layer 116 is disposed between the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 to prevent the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 from contacting each other.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first conductor 109 is disposed at the core end 110 of the winding structure 102. That is, the first conductor 109 is disposed at the innermost end of the winding structure 102 on the side facing the body 101. This is used to transmit RF signals and achieve better matching, particularly with a wider standing wave matching due to the dual-mode. The feeding point can be the core end 110 of the winding structure 102.

[0082] The second conductor 112 is disposed outside the first conductor 109 and is used to shield external electromagnetic interference and serve as a signal return path. Specifically, the second conductor 112 is coaxially disposed with the first conductor 109 .

[0083] Insulating layer 116 is disposed between first conductor 109 and second conductor 112 to prevent contact between first conductor 109 and second conductor 112, allowing efficient signal transmission along first conductor 109. Insulating layer 116 also supports first conductor 109, ensuring that second conductor 112 is substantially coaxial with first conductor 109, thereby improving signal transmission quality. In this embodiment, the material of insulating layer 116 is not limited; for example, it can be polyethylene (PE).

[0084] In practical applications, the inner conductor of the RF cable can serve as the first conductor 109, and the outer conductor of the RF cable can serve as the second conductor 112. An insulating layer 116 is provided between the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 to enable the dipole antenna 100 to transmit RF signals. Specifically, one end of the RF cable is connected to an active device (e.g., a digital transceiver module) within the body 101 (the body of the drone 300). The inner conductor at the other end of the RF cable is welded to the core end 110 of the winding structure 102, forming the first conductor 109. The outer conductor of the RF cable serves as the second conductor 112 and is connected to the body 101. In practical applications, the length of the RF cable can be shortened, achieving lightweight design.

[0085] During assembly, the inner conductor of the RF cable is welded to the winding core end point 110 to form the first conductor 109. The winding structure 102 is assembled with the RF cable and the body 101, and a gap 103 is provided between the body 101 and the winding structure 102 to facilitate installation when the gap 103 is small. The RF cable passes through the body 101. When the material of the body 101 is carbon fiber, conductive glue can be added and dried to make the connection between the outer conductor of the RF cable and the body 101 more reliable. For example, the outer conductor of the RF cable can pass through a preset hole in the body 101 and be well connected to the surface of the body 101 by snapping or bonding with conductive glue.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the antenna element 100 further includes a coaxial connector 111 and a radio frequency cable. The coaxial connector 111 is disposed on the body 101. One end of the radio frequency cable is connected to an active device within the body 101, and the other end of the radio frequency cable is connected to the coaxial connector 111. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as the first conductor 109 and is connected to the core end 110 of the winding structure 102. The outer conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as the second conductor 112 and is connected to the body 101.

[0087] In this embodiment, the coaxial connector 111 is disposed on the body 101 . Specifically, the coaxial connector 111 is disposed on a side of the body 101 close to the winding structure 102 .

[0088] In this embodiment, the body 101 and the winding structure 102 form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna 100, which can be fed using the cavity of the body 101 (i.e., equivalently). One end of the RF cable is connected to an active device (e.g., a digital transceiver module) inside the body 101 (the body of the drone 300), and the other end of the RF cable is connected to a coaxial connector 111. The inner conductor of the RF cable is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial connector 111, and the outer conductor of the RF cable is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial connector 111. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as the first conductor 109 and is connected to the core end point 110 of the winding structure 102. The outer conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as the second conductor 112 and is connected to the body 101 to achieve signal transmission.

[0089] In a specific application example, when the end of the body portion 101 facing the winding structure 102 is flat, the first conductor 109 can pass through the gap 103 between the body portion 101 and the winding structure 102, and the first conductor 109 is connected to the winding structure 102 to achieve power feeding.

[0090] Another specific application example is that when the end of the body part 101 facing the winding structure 102 side is a pointed top, part of the pointed top can be removed. After removing part of the pointed top, when the position of the body part 101 facing the winding structure 102 side is non-metallic, the body part 101 can overlap with part of the winding structure 102. That is to say, the winding structure 102 can partially extend into the cavity of the body part 101, and there is a gap 103 between the winding structure 102 and the body part 101. At this time, a floor made of metal or carbon fiber material can be added, and the floor is connected to the carbon fiber part of the body part 101. And cooperate with the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 to realize power feeding from the inside of the body part 101. It should be noted that in actual application, the metal part of the body part 101 cannot overlap with the winding structure 102 to avoid blocking the radiation of the winding structure 102.

[0091] In some embodiments, combined Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the dipole antenna 100 further includes adhesive tape or a fixing housing 113 or a fixing plate. The adhesive tape is used to secure the outermost winding coil 105 to the adjacent winding coil 105. Alternatively, the fixing housing 113 defines a fixing cavity, within which the winding structure 102 is disposed. The inner wall of the fixing housing 113 is provided with a fixing groove that engages with the outer wall of the winding structure 102. The fixing plate is disposed at the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102 and includes a spiral groove that engages with the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102.

[0092] In this embodiment, the outermost winding coil 105 is secured to the adjacent winding coil 105 using adhesive tape to achieve a fixed shape for the winding structure 102. The winding structure 102 is positioned within the fixed cavity of the fixed housing 113 and engages with the fixed groove of the fixed housing 113 to achieve a fixed shape for the winding structure 102. The spiral groove of the fixing plate engages with the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102 to achieve a fixed shape for the winding structure 102.

[0093] In practical applications, the spacing between adjacent windings 105 of the wound structure 102 is small, making welding difficult. Therefore, the wound structure 102 is secured to its original shape using adhesive tape, a fixed housing 113, or a fixed plate to reduce processing difficulty. After the wound structure 102 is manufactured, the first conductor 109 can be welded to the starting point (the winding core end point 110) of the wound structure 102. The wound structure 102 can then be mounted on the body 101. At this point, a support structure can be used to provide support to ensure a gap 103 exists between the body 101 and the wound structure 102.

[0094] For example, the winding sheet 104 can be wound around a cylinder with a radius of r to form the winding structure 102. The interval between two adjacent winding coils 105 is dr, and the thickness of the winding sheet 104 is t. The thickness of the winding sheet 104 will occupy the space between the two adjacent winding coils 105. If dr=t, the winding sheet 104 can be directly wound. After the winding structure 102 is formed, the tail end of the winding sheet 104 can be fixed with tape. At this time, the winding structure 102 is tightly wound. Tight winding can achieve structural integration and good stability of the entire structure. If dr>t, a flexible board (for example, a foam board) with the same shape and size as the winding sheet 104 can be prepared, the flexible board and the winding sheet 104 can be stacked and placed, and the winding sheet 104 and the flexible board can be wound together to form the winding structure 102, wherein the thickness of the flexible board is dr-t. For example, in the VHF band, the length B of the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is approximately 80 cm. The pitch (dr) between two adjacent windings 105 can be reduced to approximately 1.5 mm, while still maintaining dual-mode matching and achieving broadband matching. The tighter the winding, the shorter the length of the first right-angled side 106 that achieves dual-mode matching. When the pitch is greater than the thickness of the winding sheet 104, a flexible board can be wound together with the winding sheet 104 to form a stable structure. Compared to solutions with a fixed housing 113 and a fixed plate, this can reduce cost and weight.

[0095] For example, combined Figure 9As shown, the fixed housing 113 can be manufactured by 3D printing, and the inner wall of the fixed housing 113 is provided with a fixing groove corresponding to the outer shape of the coiled structure 102. After the coiled structure 102 is placed in the fixed housing 113, the self-restoring elasticity of the coiled structure 102 allows the fixing groove to fit into the outer wall of the coiled structure 102, thereby maintaining the shape of the coiled structure 102.

[0096] For example, a spiral groove can be engraved on the fixing plate, and the shape and size of the spiral groove correspond to the flat end 114 of the winding structure 102 to constrain the winding structure 102 and maintain its shape. At this time, the first conductor 109 can pass through the fixing plate and connect to the winding structure 102.

[0097] In one possible implementation, combining Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, a fixing ring 117 is mounted on the rolled structure 102 to maintain the shape of the rolled structure 102 .

[0098] Combine Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a drone 300, including the vibrator antenna 100 as described above.

[0099] The drone 300 of this embodiment includes the aforementioned vibrator antenna 100, which can increase the detection range. The technical effects of the vibrator antenna 100 are described in the aforementioned embodiments of this application and will not be repeated here.

[0100] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 16 As shown, the drone 300 comprises a folding-wing drone 300 .

[0101] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 17 As shown, the drone 300 comprises a composite wing drone 300 .

[0102] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application. The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and variations without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and such improvements and variations shall also be considered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A dipole antenna, characterized in that: include: Body part; A winding structure is provided on the machine body with a gap between the machine body, the winding structure being formed by winding a winding sheet and comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged winding coils; Wherein, the length of the body portion is greater than the length of the winding structure.

2. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the winding sheet includes a right triangle, and the winding sheet includes a first right angle side and a second right angle side; Among them, the winding structure is fixed on the surface of the preset shape by the second right-angled side, and the winding sheet is formed by circumferential winding around the axis of the preset shape, and one end of the winding structure is formed into a flat end and the other end is formed into a pointed end, and the flat end faces the body part.

3. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preset shape includes a cylindrical shape or a sheet-like rectangular shape.

4. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the first right-angled side is greater than the length of the second right-angled side; and / or, The ratio of the length of the first right-angled side to the length of the second right-angled side is 1.5 to 4; and / or, The length of the second right-angled side is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna; and / or, The spacing between adjacent winding coils is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side.

5. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The winding sheet is provided with one or more fractal holes, and the fractal holes are arranged at the position of the winding sheet according to a preset fractal geometric rule.

6. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The material of the winding sheet includes metal or polyimide film material; When the material of the winding sheet is a polyimide film material, a surface of one side of the winding sheet is covered with a copper layer.

7. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Also includes: A first conductor is provided at a core end of the winding structure; a second conductor connected to the body portion, wherein the first conductor is disposed within the second conductor; The insulating layer is disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor so as to prevent the first conductor from contacting the second conductor.

8. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The length of the body portion is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna.

9. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Also includes: Adhesive tape, the adhesive tape is used to fix the outermost winding coil to the adjacent winding coil; or A fixed housing defines a fixed cavity, the winding structure is disposed in the fixed cavity, and an inner wall of the fixed housing is provided with a fixed groove, the fixed groove being engaged with an outer wall of the winding structure; or, A fixing plate is provided at the flush end of the winding structure and comprises a spiral groove, wherein the spiral groove is engaged with the flush end of the winding structure.

10. A drone, characterized in that: include: The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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