Combined cooling, heating and power system of solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump and working method of combined cooling, heating and power system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the fields of a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal technology, an air source heat pump technology, a combined cooling, heating and power technology and the like, and provides a combined cooling, heating and power system of a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump and a working method of the combined cooling, heating and power system of the solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump, and the combined cooling, heating and power system comprises a photovoltaic subsystem, an intermediate heat exchange subsystem, an air source heat pump subsystem and a user subsystem; a first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is arranged between an intermediate heat exchange subsystem and an air source heat pump subsystem, a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is arranged between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and a photovoltaic subsystem, and a first air source heat pump heat exchanger is arranged between the air source heat pump subsystem and a user subsystem. A second air source heat pump heat exchanger is arranged in the air source heat pump subsystem; adjustment of the control strategies is achieved, and the purposes of user refrigeration, user heating and user hot water supply are achieved on the basis that the performance of the photovoltaic subsystem and the performance of the air source heat pump subsystem are guaranteed in the operation modes corresponding to the different control strategies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of solar photovoltaic thermal technology, air source heat pump technology and combined heat, power and cooling technology, and in particular relates to a combined heat, power and cooling system of solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump and its working method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. Research shows that only about 20% of the solar energy absorbed by photovoltaic modules is effectively converted into electrical energy, and the rest is converted into heat energy, causing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules to increase, thereby reducing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic modules; and high temperature will accelerate the thermal degradation of the battery, causing it to cause irreversible structural damage.

[0003] Air-source heat pump technology is based on the reverse Carnot cycle, powered by a small amount of high-quality energy, absorbing heat from a low-temperature heat source and transferring it to a high-temperature heat source. The coefficient of performance (COP) of an air-source heat pump is affected by a variety of factors, including environmental and operating parameters. Currently, the operating COP of air-source heat pumps remains relatively low. The evaporation temperature of an air-source heat pump is closely related to the operating COP. In practice, the COP can be improved by raising the evaporation temperature.

[0004] At present, most solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pumps are simply connected in series. They do not consider using the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation process to increase the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump, nor do they consider adjusting the control strategy under different solar radiation levels in the corresponding seasons. They also do not achieve the purpose of user cooling, user heating and user hot water supply under different control strategy corresponding operating modes while ensuring the respective performance of the photovoltaic subsystem and the air source heat pump subsystem. In addition, the current solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump cogeneration system has a complex structure and control process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump heat power and cooling combined supply system and its working method. During operation, in summer, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger does not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the heat energy of the air conditioner in the user subsystem is absorbed by the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for cooling; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger The intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger transfers the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem to the air source heat pump system, increases the evaporation temperature of the evaporator, and then transfers the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work, and absorb heat from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, and then transfer the heat to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; it realizes the adjustment of the control strategy in summer and winter when the solar radiation is sufficient and insufficient respectively, and realizes the corresponding operating mode of different control strategies, on the basis of ensuring the respective performance of the photovoltaic subsystem and the air source heat pump subsystem, meets the purposes of user cooling, user heating and user hot water supply, and the overall structure and control process of the system are simple.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power cooling system, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power cooling system, comprising a photovoltaic subsystem, an intermediate heat exchange subsystem, an air source heat pump subsystem and a user subsystem;

[0008] A first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is provided between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and the air source heat pump subsystem, a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is provided between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem, a first air source heat pump heat exchanger is provided between the air source heat pump subsystem and the user subsystem, and a second air source heat pump heat exchanger is provided in the air source heat pump subsystem;

[0009] In summer, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger does not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the heat energy of the air conditioner in the user subsystem is absorbed by the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for cooling; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger;

[0010] In winter, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the air source heat pump system through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger to increase the evaporation temperature of the evaporator, and then the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work, and heat is absorbed from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, and then the heat is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger.

[0011] Furthermore, the photovoltaic subsystem includes a solar photovoltaic component, a solar photovoltaic component cooling pipeline arranged on the solar photovoltaic component, and a cooling medium circulation pipeline connected to the solar photovoltaic component cooling pipeline; the cooling medium circulation pipeline is sequentially provided with a photovoltaic system circulation pump, a cooling medium storage tank and a first control valve.

[0012] Furthermore, the cooling medium circulation pipeline passes through the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is located between the solar photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic system circulation pump; heat dissipation ribs are provided at the contact point between the cooling medium circulation pipeline and the back plate of the solar photovoltaic module.

[0013] Furthermore, the intermediate heat exchange subsystem includes a second control valve, an intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump connected to the second control valve through a pipeline, a first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger connected to the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump through a pipeline, a seventh control valve connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through a pipeline, an eighth control valve connected to the seventh control valve through a pipeline, and a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger connected to the eighth control valve through a pipeline; the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is connected to the second control valve.

[0014] Furthermore, the intermediate heat exchange subsystem also includes a third control valve, a cold water pipe and a sixth control valve; the two ends of the third control valve are respectively connected to the pipe between the second control valve and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump, and the pipe between the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the seventh control valve through pipes; the water inlet end of the cold water pipe is connected to the municipal pipeline network, and the water outlet end is connected to the pipe between the seventh control valve and the eighth control valve; the sixth control valve is arranged on the cold water pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the output end pipe of the heat exchanger of the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem is also connected to a hot water pipe, and the other end of the hot water pipe is connected to the user; the hot water pipe is provided with a fifth control valve and a hot water supply pump.

[0016] Furthermore, the air source heat pump subsystem includes a fourth control valve connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through a pipeline, a throttle valve connected to the fourth control valve through a pipeline, a first air source heat pump heat exchanger connected to the throttle valve through a pipeline, a four-way reversing valve connected to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipeline, and a compressor connected to the four-way reversing valve through a pipeline, and the compressor is connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through a pipeline; the air source heat pump subsystem also includes a second air source heat pump heat exchanger, the two ends of the second air source heat pump heat exchanger are respectively connected to the pipeline between the fourth control valve and the throttle valve, and to the pipeline between the compressor and the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through pipelines; a ninth control valve is also provided on the pipeline of the second air source heat pump heat exchanger near one end of the fourth control valve.

[0017] Furthermore, the user subsystem includes a water supply pump, a user connected to the water supply pump through a pipe, and a return water pump connected to the user through a pipe; the water supply pump is connected to the output end of the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipe, and the return water pump is connected to the input end of the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipe.

[0018] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for operating a combined heat, power and cooling system of a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0019] A method for operating a combined heat and power supply system of a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump, using the combined heat and power supply system of the solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump as described in the first aspect, comprising: in summer, when solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger does not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem is provided to cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the heat energy of the air conditioner in the user subsystem is absorbed by the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for cooling; when solar radiation is equal to or lower than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem is provided to cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger;

[0020] In winter, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the air source heat pump system through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger to increase the evaporation temperature of the evaporator, and then the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work, and heat is absorbed from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, and then the heat is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention sets a first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and the air source heat pump subsystem, sets a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem, sets a first air source heat pump heat exchanger between the air source heat pump subsystem and the user subsystem, and sets a second air source heat pump heat exchanger in the air source heat pump subsystem; when working, in summer, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger does not work; through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, the heat energy in the air source heat pump subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem, and the heat energy of the air conditioner in the user subsystem is absorbed by the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for cooling; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger and The heat exchanger of the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem does not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger; in winter, when the solar radiation is greater than the preset value, the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the air source heat pump system through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger to increase the evaporation temperature of the evaporator, and then the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work, and heat is absorbed from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, and then the heat is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger. The system realizes the adjustment of control strategy in summer and winter when solar radiation is sufficient and insufficient respectively, and realizes the corresponding operation mode of different control strategies. On the basis of ensuring the respective performance of photovoltaic subsystem and air source heat pump subsystem, it meets the purpose of user cooling, user heating and user hot water supply. The overall structure and control process of the system are simple.

[0023] 2. This invention not only reduces the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules, but also effectively utilizes the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation. For photovoltaic systems, taking crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels as an example, after the temperature exceeds 40°C, the photoelectric conversion efficiency increases by 0.3% to 0.5% for every 1°C decrease in surface temperature. After reaching the upper operating temperature limit, the aging rate slows by approximately 50% for every 10°C decrease in surface temperature. By utilizing the photovoltaic waste heat utilization technology of this invention, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules can be increased by 2% to 10%. In winter, the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic system can be used to increase the evaporation temperature of an air-source heat pump, simultaneously achieving photovoltaic cooling, improving the operating cost performance (COP) of the air-source heat pump, and alleviating the problem of low-temperature frosting in the air-source heat pump. By using photovoltaic waste heat to increase the evaporation temperature of the air-source heat pump, the operating COP of the air-source heat pump can be increased by 5% to 20%, alleviating the problem of low-temperature frosting in the air-source heat pump, and reducing the defrosting energy consumption of the air-source heat pump by 1% to 10%. In this way, the combined heat, power, and cooling system of solar photovoltaic coupled with air-source heat pumps can simultaneously provide heat and electricity, as well as locally consume photovoltaic power. In summer, waste heat from the photovoltaic system can be used to heat cold water from the municipal pipeline network. This water can then be reheated using the condensation heat from the air-source heat pump to produce domestic hot water. This combined heat, power, and cooling system, coupled with a solar photovoltaic system and an air-source heat pump, can simultaneously provide domestic hot water, cooling, and electricity, while also consuming the photovoltaic power locally. With a sufficient number of photovoltaic panels installed, zero-carbon combined heat, power, and cooling can be achieved. This means that the air-source heat pump system and the building are powered entirely by photovoltaic electricity, resulting in zero carbon emissions from the combined heat, power, and cooling process.

[0024] The system of this invention can operate in multiple modes and flexibly regulate its operation to achieve efficient operation in different environments. In summer, it can operate in a combined heat, electricity, and cooling mode, or a combined cooling and heat mode; in winter, it can operate in a combined heat and electricity mode, or a heat-only mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings constituting a part of the specification of this embodiment are used to provide a further understanding of this embodiment. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of this embodiment are used to explain this embodiment and do not constitute an improper limitation on this embodiment.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of summer operation of the system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of winter operation of the system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic backplane cooling heat exchange tubes arranged in a double serpentine pattern with additional heat dissipation fins according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a single-tube serpentine arrangement of photovoltaic backplane cooling heat exchange tubes and additional heat dissipation fins according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a detailed arrangement of a single-tube serpentine arrangement of photovoltaic backplane cooling heat exchange tubes and additional heat dissipation fins according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the full flow channel for cooling and heat exchange of the photovoltaic backplane according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Among them, 1. solar radiation; 2. solar photovoltaic modules; 3. cooling medium circulation pipeline; 4. photovoltaic system circulation pump; 5. cooling medium storage tank; 6. first control valve; 7. second control valve; 8. third control valve; 9. intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump; 10. first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger; 11. fourth control valve; 12. hot water pipeline; 13. fifth control valve; 14. hot water supply pump; 15. cold water pipeline; 16. sixth control valve; 17. seventh control valve; 18. eighth control valve; 19. second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger; 20. compressor; 21. four-way reversing valve; 22. first air source heat pump heat exchanger; 23. throttle valve; 24. ninth control valve; 25. second air source heat pump heat exchanger; 26. water supply pump; 27. domestic sewage pipeline; 28. user; 29. return water pump; 30. solar photovoltaic module cooling pipeline; 31. heat dissipation ribs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] Photovoltaic power generation uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to directly convert sunlight into electricity. It primarily consists of three components: photovoltaic panels, controllers, and inverters. Research shows that only approximately 20% of the solar energy absorbed by photovoltaic modules is effectively converted into electricity; the remainder is converted into heat, which increases the module's operating temperature and reduces its conversion efficiency. Furthermore, once the operating temperature reaches the upper limit of the module's operating temperature, the increased temperature accelerates the module's aging rate. High temperatures accelerate thermal degradation of the cells, causing irreversible structural damage. For example, for crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, after temperatures exceed 40°C, the photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases by 0.3%-0.5% for every 1°C increase in surface temperature. Once the upper limit of the operating temperature is reached, the aging rate doubles for every 10°C increase. Therefore, maintaining a reasonable operating temperature for photovoltaic modules is crucial for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power plants.

[0038] Air-source heat pump technology is based on the reverse Carnot cycle principle and is driven by a small amount of high-quality energy, absorbing heat from a low-temperature heat source and transferring it to a high-temperature heat source. It has a wide range of applications, covering homes, commercial buildings, industry, and agriculture, and can provide functions such as heating, cooling, and hot water supply. Air-source heat pumps offer significant advantages, including high efficiency and energy saving, environmental friendliness, pollution-free operation, diverse functions, and stable operation. However, air-source heat pump technology also has shortcomings, such as high initial investment costs, limited performance in low-temperature environments, high requirements for the installation environment, and potential noise generation during operation. The coefficient of performance (COP) of an air-source heat pump is affected by a variety of factors, including environmental and operating parameters. Currently, the operating COP of air-source heat pumps remains relatively low, leaving significant room for improvement. The evaporation temperature of an air-source heat pump is closely related to its operating COP. In actual use, the operating COP of a heat pump can be improved by increasing the evaporation temperature.

[0039] As described in the background technology, most of the current solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pumps are simply connected in series. They do not consider using the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation process to increase the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump, nor do they consider adjusting the control strategy under different solar radiation levels in the corresponding seasons. They also do not achieve the purpose of user cooling, user heating and user hot water supply under different control strategy corresponding operating modes while ensuring the respective performance of the photovoltaic subsystem and the air source heat pump subsystem. Moreover, the current solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump joint supply system has a complex structure and control process.

[0040] Based on this, Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power supply system, which uses the waste heat generated in the photovoltaic power generation process to increase the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump, and can simultaneously realize the cooling and efficiency improvement of the photovoltaic components, improve the operating COP of the air source heat pump, and alleviate the low-temperature frosting problem of the air source heat pump. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power supply system can simultaneously realize heating, electricity, cooling and on-site consumption of photovoltaic power, and realize zero-carbon emission combined heat and power supply.

[0041] The system includes a photovoltaic subsystem, an intermediate heat exchange subsystem, an air-source heat pump subsystem, and a user subsystem. Specifically, it includes a solar photovoltaic module 2 for generating electricity and heat, four heat exchangers for transferring heat to connect the subsystems and achieve heat transfer, multiple control valves for controlling the flow direction of hot water, cold water, or a cooling medium, multiple water pumps for achieving the flow of hot water, cold water, or a cooling medium, and a four-way reversing valve for switching the flow direction of the coolant.

[0042] The photovoltaic subsystem includes a pipe or flow channel installed on the back panel of the solar photovoltaic module 2, through which a cooling medium is introduced. The flow of the cooling medium cools the solar photovoltaic module 2 and removes the generated heat. Optionally, the pipe or flow channel installed on the back panel of the solar photovoltaic module 2 is connected to a cooling medium circulation pipe 3, which is sequentially provided with a photovoltaic system circulation pump 4, a cooling medium storage tank 5, and a first control valve 6. The cooling medium circulation pipe 3 passes through a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19, which is located between the solar photovoltaic module 2 and the photovoltaic system circulation pump 4.

[0043] Optionally, the solar photovoltaic module 2 may be a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module, a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic module, a thin-film module, or a perovskite module. The angle between the solar photovoltaic module 2 and the horizontal plane is typically between 10° and 90°, depending on the local latitude, seasonal requirements, and climatic conditions. Those skilled in the art can adjust the angle based on actual needs. The cooling method for the solar photovoltaic module 2 may be a tube arrangement, a full flow channel, or a combination of a tube arrangement and a full flow channel.

[0044] like Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, when the solar photovoltaic module 2 is cooled by a pipe arrangement, the pipe diameter d of the solar photovoltaic module cooling pipe 30 can be 2mm~100mm, and the pipe spacing s3 can be 2mm~200mm; the pipe length l can be consistent with the length of the solar photovoltaic module 2, or a distance s2 can be reserved between the pipe and the left and right boundaries of the photovoltaic module, and a distance s4 can be reserved between the pipe and the upper and lower boundaries of the photovoltaic module to facilitate installation; the pipe wall thickness s5 can be 0.5mm~10mm.

[0045] When the solar photovoltaic module cooling pipe 30 adopts a double-tube serpentine arrangement, the spacing s1 between the two pipes can be 2mm to 200mm; the pipe material can be carbon steel, stainless steel, copper and copper alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, duplex stainless steel, and aluminum alloys; the flow rate of the cooling medium is controlled at 0.2 to 4.0m / s, and those skilled in the art can set it according to actual needs. The solar photovoltaic module 2 cooling method adopts a tube arrangement to enhance heat exchange. Heat dissipation fins 31 can be welded at the contact point between the tube and the photovoltaic backplane to enhance heat exchange. The length h of the heat dissipation fin 31 should meet the following requirements: h < 0.5 * s3, the thickness n can be 0.1mm to 10mm, and the height w3 can be 1mm to 200mm; the spacing w2 between the heat dissipation fins 31 can be 1mm to 200mm; the material of the heat dissipation fin 31 can be aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure copper, brass, carbon steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, graphite and graphene, carbon fiber composite material or ceramic material, etc., and those skilled in the art can set it according to actual needs.

[0046] Optionally, the cooling method of the solar photovoltaic module 2 adopts a full-flow channel layout, and the flow channel material pipe can be carbon steel, stainless steel, copper and copper alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, duplex stainless steel, and aluminum alloys; the size of the flow channel should be consistent with the size of the photovoltaic module, or the length L2 and width W2 of the full flow channel are 5mm to 100mm smaller than the length L and width W of the photovoltaic module, respectively, to facilitate installation; the flow channel height of the full flow channel can be 5mm to 200mm; the flow rate of the cooling medium is controlled at 0.2m / s to 4.0m / s, and technical personnel in this field can set it according to actual needs.

[0047] Optionally, the connection between the cooling tube, cooling full flow channel and photovoltaic backplane at the backplane of the solar photovoltaic module 2 can be achieved by mechanical fixing, such as using aluminum alloy or stainless steel clamps, clips or U-shaped grooves to fit the cooling tube or cooling full flow channel to the backplane surface; pre-grooves or guide rails are provided on the backplane, and the cooling tube or cooling full flow channel is embedded and then fixed with bolts / spring clips. Thermal conductive adhesive bonding can also be used, such as using silicone-based thermal conductive adhesive or epoxy resin adhesive to fill the gap between the cooling tube or cooling full flow channel and the backplane. Welding / brazing can also be used, such as directly welding the cooling tube or cooling full flow channel to the backplane coating for metallized backplanes (such as aluminum-plated backplanes); low-temperature brazing using Sn-Ag-Cu solder. An embedded integrated design can also be used, such as pre-buried cooling tubes or cooling full flow channels during the module packaging stage and laminated synchronously with the backplane; the cooling tube or cooling full flow channel is separated from the battery cell by 0.5mm to 1.0mm, and heat is transferred through thermal gaskets.

[0048] Optionally, the photovoltaic subsystem's cooling medium can be a gaseous cooling medium, such as air, helium, or carbon dioxide; a liquid cooling medium, such as water, mineral oil / silicone oil, fluorinated oil, liquid metal, or fluorinated liquid; a phase-change cooling medium, such as paraffin wax, ice / water mixtures, or dry ice; or a novel or specialized cooling medium, such as nanofluids, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, and magnetic fluids. The photovoltaic system's fluid storage tank must be designed based on fluid characteristics, process requirements, and cost constraints, with the goal of achieving stability, continuity, and safety through physical storage and process regulation.

[0049] The intermediate heat exchange subsystem includes two heat exchangers: one for extracting and utilizing the heat generated by the photovoltaic subsystem, and the other for extracting and utilizing the heat generated by the condenser of the air-source heat pump subsystem, or for using the heat generated by the photovoltaic subsystem to increase the evaporation temperature of the evaporator of the air-source heat pump subsystem. This design achieves cooling efficiency and waste heat utilization of the photovoltaic subsystem, while also increasing the evaporation temperature of the air-source heat pump, thereby improving the operating cost performance (COP) of the air-source heat pump and alleviating the problem of low-temperature frosting in the air-source heat pump. If a sufficient number of photovoltaic modules are installed, they can power the air-source heat pump and the building, achieving zero-carbon emission combined heat, power, and cooling (CHCC) and local consumption of photovoltaic power.

[0050] Specifically, the intermediate heat exchange subsystem includes a second control valve 7, an intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9 connected to the second control valve 7 through a pipeline, a first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 connected to the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9 through a pipeline, a seventh control valve 17 connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 through a pipeline, an eighth control valve 18 connected to the seventh control valve 17 through a pipeline, and a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19 connected to the eighth control valve 18 through a pipeline; the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19 is connected to the second control valve 7 to form a closed circulation loop.

[0051] The intermediate heat exchange subsystem also includes a third control valve 8, a cold water pipe 15 and a sixth control valve 16; the two ends of the third control valve 8 are respectively connected to the pipe between the second control valve 7 and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9, and the pipe between the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 and the seventh control valve 17 through pipes; the water inlet end of the cold water pipe 15 is connected to the municipal pipeline network, and the water outlet end is connected to the pipe between the seventh control valve 17 and the eighth control valve 18; the sixth control valve 16 is arranged on the cold water pipe 15.

[0052] The output pipe of the heat exchanger 10 of the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem is further connected to a hot water pipe 12, the other end of which is connected to a user 28. The hot water pipe 12 is provided with a fifth control valve 13 and a hot water pump 14. The user 28 is also provided with a domestic sewage pipe 27.

[0053] Optionally, the intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger can be a gas-liquid heat exchanger, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, or a solid-liquid heat exchanger, depending on the heat exchange medium. Gas-liquid heat exchangers can be shell-and-tube heat exchangers, fin-and-tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, spray heat exchangers, heat pipe heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers, or direct contact heat exchangers. Liquid-liquid heat exchangers can be shell-and-tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, plate-and-shell heat exchangers, spiral plate heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, double-tube-sheet heat exchangers, brazed plate heat exchangers, fully welded plate heat exchangers, or modular microchannel heat exchangers. Solid-liquid heat exchangers can be fluidized bed heat exchangers, rotary solid-liquid heat exchangers, jacketed / coil heat exchangers, moving bed heat exchangers, or phase change heat storage systems.

[0054] Optionally, the medium in the intermediate heat exchange subsystem can be a gas cooling medium, such as air, helium, and carbon dioxide; a liquid cooling medium, such as water, mineral oil / silicone oil, fluorinated oil, liquid metal, and fluorinated liquid; or a new and special cooling medium, such as nanofluids, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, and magnetic fluids.

[0055] Optionally, the air source heat pump can be a single cooling heat pump, a heating and cooling heat pump, a hot water heat pump, or a trigeneration heat pump.

[0056] Specifically, the air-source heat pump subsystem includes a fourth control valve 11 connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 via a pipeline, a throttle valve 23 connected to the fourth control valve 11 via a pipeline, a first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22 connected to the throttle valve 23 via a pipeline, a four-way reversing valve 21 connected to the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22 via a pipeline, and a compressor 20 connected to the four-way reversing valve 21 via a pipeline, the compressor 20 being connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 via a pipeline. The air-source heat pump subsystem also includes a second air-source heat pump heat exchanger 25, the two ends of which are connected to the pipeline between the fourth control valve 11 and the throttle valve 23, and to the pipeline between the compressor 20 and the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 via pipelines. A ninth control valve 24 is also provided on the pipeline of the second air-source heat pump heat exchanger 25 near the fourth control valve 11.

[0057] The user subsystem includes a water supply pump 26, a user 28 connected to the water supply pump 26 through a pipeline, and a return water pump 29 connected to the user 28 through a pipeline; the water supply pump 26 is connected to the output end of the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 through a pipeline, and the return water pump 29 is connected to the input end of the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 through a pipeline.

[0058] The working method or principle of this embodiment is:

[0059] S1. Summer working method: In summer working conditions, the air source heat pump is in cooling mode.

[0060] S1.1, when solar radiation 1 is sufficient, for example, higher than 100W / m 2 When , it is the combined heat, electricity and cooling mode.

[0061] Optionally, the solar photovoltaic module 2 generates electricity through the photoelectric effect. At the same time, since only about 20% of the received solar radiation is converted into electricity, the remaining part is converted into heat energy, causing the temperature to rise. At this time, the solar photovoltaic module 2 is cooled by the cooling medium in the solar radiation 3, realizing photovoltaic power generation and waste heat utilization; after the cooling medium absorbs heat at the photovoltaic module, it is sent to the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19 through the photovoltaic system circulation pump 4 to exchange heat with the intermediate heat exchange subsystem, and after heat exchange, it enters the solar photovoltaic module 2 through the cooling medium storage tank 5 to continue absorbing heat.

[0062] The air source heat pump is in cooling mode. At this time, the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 to produce a cooling effect. It then enters the compressor 20 through the four-way reversing valve 21 to be compressed, and then enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 for condensation and heat release. After being throttled by the fourth control valve 11 and the throttle valve 23, it enters the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 to continue circulating. During the operation of the air source heat pump, heat is dissipated to the outside through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 and heat is absorbed from the outside through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22.

[0063] The cold water in the cold water pipe 15 from the municipal pipeline enters the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19 through the sixth control valve 16 and the eighth control valve 18, and exchanges heat with the cooling medium from the photovoltaic system in the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19. After the cold water in the cold water pipe 15 is heated by the cooling medium, it passes through the second control valve 7 and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9 and enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10. In the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10, it exchanges heat with the condensation heat of the air source heat pump. The cold water in the cold water pipe 15 is heated for the second time, and then sent to the user 28 for use as domestic hot water through the fifth control valve 13 and the hot water supply pump 14.

[0064] The air conditioning system of user 28 sends chilled water to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 through the return water pump 29. After being cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22, it is sent to user 28 through the water supply pump 26 for use as the cooling medium of the air conditioning system.

[0065] S1.2, insufficient solar radiation 1, for example, equal to or less than 100W / m 2 At night or on rainy days, it is a combined cooling and heating mode.

[0066] The photovoltaic subsystem is not operating, and the photovoltaic cooling medium circulation system is shut down, that is, the photovoltaic system circulation pump 4 is turned off. The air-source heat pump is in cooling mode. At this time, the refrigerant evaporates in the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22, absorbing heat to produce a cooling effect. It then enters the compressor 20 through the four-way reversing valve 21 to be compressed, and then enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 for condensation and heat release. After throttling through the fourth control valve 11 and throttle valve 23, it enters the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22 to continue circulation. During the operation of the air-source heat pump, heat is dissipated to the outside through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 and heat is absorbed from the outside through the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22.

[0067] The cold water in the cold water pipe 15 from the municipal pipeline network enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 through the sixth control valve 16, the seventh control valve 17, the third control valve 8 and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9, and exchanges heat with the condensation heat of the air source heat pump in the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10, and the cold water is heated. Thereafter, the cold water is delivered to the user 28 for use as domestic hot water through the fifth control valve 13 and the hot water supply pump 14; that is, at this time, the cold water from the municipal pipeline network does not pass through the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19, because the photovoltaic cooling medium circulation system is closed at this time, and the cold water cannot be heated at the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19. The bypass is used to reduce the pressure loss caused by the cold water passing through the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19.

[0068] The user's air conditioning system sends chilled water to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 through the return water pump 29. After being cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22, it is sent to the user 28 through the water supply pump 26 for use as the cooling medium of the air conditioning system.

[0069] S2. Winter working method: In winter working conditions, the air source heat pump is in heating mode.

[0070] S2.1, when the solar radiation is sufficient (for example, higher than 100W / m 2 ), which is a combined heat and power generation mode.

[0071] The solar photovoltaic module 2 generates electricity through the photoelectric effect. At the same time, since only about 20% of the received solar radiation is converted into electricity, the remaining part is converted into heat energy, which causes the temperature of the solar photovoltaic module 2 to rise. At this time, the cooling medium in the cooling medium circulation pipe 3 is used to cool the solar photovoltaic module 2, realizing photovoltaic power generation and waste heat utilization; after the cooling medium absorbs heat at the solar photovoltaic module 2, it is sent to the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19 through the photovoltaic system circulation pump 4, exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange subsystem, and after heat exchange, enters the solar photovoltaic module 2 through the cooling medium storage tank 5 to continue absorbing heat.

[0072] The air-source heat pump is in heating mode. The refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat within the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10 before entering compressor 20 for compression. It then passes through four-way reversing valve 21 and enters the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22 for condensation and heat release, producing a heating effect. After throttling through throttle valve 23, it passes through fourth control valve 11 and continues circulating within the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10. During operation, the air-source heat pump dissipates heat outward through the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22 and absorbs heat from the outside world through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10. At this point, the sixth control valve 16 for the chilled water from the municipal pipe network is closed, and no chilled water is being supplied.

[0073] The medium in the intermediate heat exchange subsystem can be a gaseous cooling medium, such as air, helium, or carbon dioxide; a liquid cooling medium, such as water, mineral oil / silicone oil, fluorinated oil, liquid metal, or fluorinated liquid; or a novel or special cooling medium, such as nanofluids, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, or magnetic fluids. The medium in the intermediate heat exchange subsystem first exchanges heat with the cooling medium from the photovoltaic system in the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19. After being heated by the photovoltaic system cooling medium, the intermediate heat exchange medium passes through the second control valve 7 and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9 and enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10. In the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10, it exchanges heat with the air source heat pump. At this time, the air source heat pump evaporates and absorbs heat in the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 10, cooling the intermediate heat exchange medium. After that, the intermediate heat exchange medium continues to enter the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger 19 through the seventh control valve 17 and the eighth control valve 18 for circulation.

[0074] The heating system of user 28 sends the heating return water to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 through the return water pump 29. After being heated by the condensation heat of the refrigerant in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22, it is sent to user 28 through the water supply pump 26 for use as a heating system.

[0075] S2.2, insufficient solar radiation (e.g. equal to or less than 100W / m 2 ), at night or on rainy days, it is a separate heating mode.

[0076] The photovoltaic system is not working, and the photovoltaic cooling medium circulation system is closed, that is, the photovoltaic system circulation pump 4 is closed.

[0077] The air source heat pump is in heating mode. At this time, the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the second air source heat pump heat exchanger 25, then enters the compressor 20 to be compressed. Then, it enters the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 through the four-way reversing valve 21 to condense and release heat to produce a heating effect. After being throttled by the throttle valve 23, it enters the second air source heat pump heat exchanger 25 through the ninth control valve 24 and continues to circulate. During the operation of the air source heat pump, heat is dissipated to the outside through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger 22 and heat is absorbed from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger 25.

[0078] At this point, the sixth control valve 16 for the cold water from the municipal pipeline is closed, and no cold water is being supplied. The intermediate heat exchange subsystem, namely, the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump 9, is also shut down. The heating system of user 28 delivers heating return water to the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22 via return water pump 29. After being heated by the heat of condensation of the refrigerant within the first air-source heat pump heat exchanger 22, it is then delivered to user 28 via supply water pump 26 for use in the heating system.

[0079] The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power system of this embodiment effectively utilizes the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation while reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules. For photovoltaic systems, taking crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels as an example, after the temperature exceeds 40°C, the photoelectric conversion efficiency increases by 0.3% to 0.5% for every 1°C decrease in surface temperature; after reaching its upper operating temperature limit, the aging rate slows down by about 50% for every 10°C decrease in surface temperature; after adopting the photovoltaic waste heat utilization technology of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules can be increased by 2% to 10%. In winter, the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic system is used to increase the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump, which can simultaneously achieve photovoltaic cooling, improve the operating COP of the air source heat pump, and alleviate the problem of low-temperature frosting of the air source heat pump. By using photovoltaic waste heat to increase the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump, the operating COP of the air source heat pump can be increased by 5% to 20%, alleviate the problem of low-temperature frosting of the air source heat pump, and reduce the defrosting energy consumption of the air source heat pump by 1% to 10%. In this case, a solar photovoltaic coupled air-source heat pump combined heat, power, and cooling system can simultaneously provide heating, power, and local consumption of photovoltaic power. In summer, waste heat from the photovoltaic system can be used to heat cold water from the municipal network. This water is then reheated using the condensation heat from the air-source heat pump to produce domestic hot water. This combined heat, power, and cooling system, coupled with a solar photovoltaic coupled air-source heat pump, can simultaneously provide domestic hot water, cooling, and power, as well as local consumption of photovoltaic power. When a sufficient number of photovoltaic modules are installed, zero-carbon combined heat, power, and cooling can be achieved. This means that the air-source heat pump system and the building are powered entirely by photovoltaic power, resulting in zero carbon emissions from the combined heat, power, and cooling process.

[0080] The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat, power and cooling system in this embodiment can operate in multiple modes and flexibly adjust its operation to achieve efficient operation in different environments. In summer, it can operate in combined heat, electricity and cooling mode, or combined cooling and heat mode; in winter, it can operate in combined heat and electricity mode, or in heating mode alone.

[0081] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this embodiment and is not intended to limit this embodiment. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that this embodiment may be modified and varied in various ways. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this embodiment shall be within the scope of protection of this embodiment.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power cooling system, characterized in that: Including photovoltaic subsystem, intermediate heat exchange subsystem, air source heat pump subsystem and user subsystem; A first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is provided between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and the air source heat pump subsystem, a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is provided between the intermediate heat exchange subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem, a first air source heat pump heat exchanger is provided between the air source heat pump subsystem and the user subsystem, and a second air source heat pump heat exchanger is provided in the air source heat pump subsystem; In summer, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger does not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the heat energy of the air conditioner in the user subsystem is absorbed by the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for cooling; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger; In winter, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the air source heat pump system through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger to increase the evaporation temperature of the evaporator, and then the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work, and heat is absorbed from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, and then the heat is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger.

2. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic subsystem includes a solar photovoltaic component, a solar photovoltaic component cooling pipeline arranged on the solar photovoltaic component, and a cooling medium circulation pipeline connected to the solar photovoltaic component cooling pipeline; the cooling medium circulation pipeline is sequentially provided with a photovoltaic system circulation pump, a cooling medium storage tank and a first control valve.

3. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling medium circulation pipeline passes through the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is located between the solar photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic system circulation pump; the cooling medium circulation pipeline is provided with heat dissipation ribs at the contact point with the back plate of the solar photovoltaic module.

4. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate heat exchange subsystem includes a second control valve, an intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump connected to the second control valve through a pipeline, a first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger connected to the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump through a pipeline, a seventh control valve connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through a pipeline, an eighth control valve connected to the seventh control valve through a pipeline, and a second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger connected to the eighth control valve through a pipeline; the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger is connected to the second control valve.

5. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intermediate heat exchange subsystem also includes a third control valve, a cold water pipe and a sixth control valve; the two ends of the third control valve are respectively connected to the pipe between the second control valve and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump, and the pipe between the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the seventh control valve through pipes; the water inlet end of the cold water pipe is connected to the municipal pipeline network, and the water outlet end is connected to the pipe between the seventh control valve and the eighth control valve; the sixth control valve is arranged on the cold water pipe.

6. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The output end pipe of the heat exchanger of the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem is also connected to a hot water pipe, and the other end of the hot water pipe is connected to the user; the hot water pipe is provided with a fifth control valve and a hot water supply pump.

7. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air source heat pump subsystem includes a fourth control valve connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through a pipeline, a throttle valve connected to the fourth control valve through a pipeline, a first air source heat pump heat exchanger connected to the throttle valve through a pipeline, a four-way reversing valve connected to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipeline, and a compressor connected to the four-way reversing valve through a pipeline, and the compressor is connected to the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through a pipeline; the air source heat pump subsystem also includes a second air source heat pump heat exchanger, the two ends of the second air source heat pump heat exchanger are respectively connected to the pipeline between the fourth control valve and the throttle valve, and to the pipeline between the compressor and the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through pipelines; a ninth control valve is also provided on the pipeline of the second air source heat pump heat exchanger near one end of the fourth control valve.

8. The solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The user subsystem includes a water supply pump, a user connected to the water supply pump through a pipeline, and a return water pump connected to the user through a pipeline; the water supply pump is connected to the output end of the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the return water pump is connected to the input end of the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through a pipeline.

9. A method for operating a combined heat, power and cooling system of a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump, characterized in that: A combined heat and power cooling system using a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: in summer, when solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger does not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem and the photovoltaic subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and the heat energy of the air conditioner in the user subsystem is absorbed by the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for cooling; when solar radiation is equal to or lower than a preset value, the second air source heat pump heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work; the heat energy of the air source heat pump subsystem is provided to the cold water entering the user subsystem through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger; In winter, when the solar radiation is greater than a preset value, the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the air source heat pump system through the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger to increase the evaporation temperature of the evaporator, and then the heat energy in the photovoltaic subsystem is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger; when the solar radiation is equal to or lower than the preset value, the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger and the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger do not work, and heat is absorbed from the outside through the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, and then the heat is transferred to the user subsystem for heating through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger.

10. The method for operating a combined heat, power and cooling system of a solar photovoltaic coupled air source heat pump according to claim 9, characterized in that: In summer, the air source heat pump is in cooling mode; when the solar radiation is greater than the preset value, the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger to produce a cooling effect, and then enters the compressor through the four-way reversing valve to be compressed, and then enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger for condensation and heat release, and then enters the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for throttling after being throttled by the fourth control valve and the throttle valve to continue circulating; the cold water in the cold water pipe enters the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through the sixth control valve and the eighth control valve, and in the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, it is combined with the cooling medium from the photovoltaic system. Heat exchange: After the cold water in the cold water pipe is heated by the cooling medium, it passes through the second control valve and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump to enter the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger. In the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, it exchanges heat with the condensation heat of the air source heat pump. The cold water in the cold water pipe is heated again and then delivered to the user through the fifth control valve and the hot water pump. The user's air-conditioning system delivers the chilled water to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through the return water pump. After heat exchange with the refrigerant in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger and being cooled, it is then delivered to the user through the water supply pump for use as the cooling medium of the air-conditioning system. When the solar radiation is equal to or less than the preset value, the photovoltaic system circulation pump is turned off; the air source heat pump is in cooling mode, and the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger to produce a cooling effect, and then enters the compressor through the four-way reversing valve to be compressed, and then enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger for condensation and heat release, and then enters the first air source heat pump heat exchanger for continued circulation after throttling by the fourth control valve and the throttle valve; the cold water in the cold water pipe enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through the sixth control valve, the seventh control valve, the third control valve and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump, and exchanges heat with the condensation heat of the air source heat pump, and the cold water is heated, and then delivered to the user through the fifth control valve and the hot water pump; In winter, the air source heat pump is in heating mode; when the solar radiation is greater than the preset value, the air source heat pump is in heating mode. At this time, the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the heat exchanger of the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem, and then enters the compressor to be compressed, and then enters the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through the four-way reversing valve to condense and release heat to produce a heating effect, and then enters the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through the fourth control valve to continue circulating; during the operation of the air source heat pump, the heat is dissipated to the outside through the first air source heat pump heat exchanger, and heat is absorbed from the outside through the heat exchanger of the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem; at this time, the sixth control valve is closed; the medium in the intermediate heat exchange subsystem is first radiated in the heat exchanger of the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem with the medium from the photovoltaic system The intermediate heat exchange medium is heated by the photovoltaic system cooling medium, and then passes through the second control valve and the intermediate heat exchange subsystem circulation pump into the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and exchanges heat with the air source heat pump in the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger. At this time, the air source heat pump evaporates and absorbs heat in the first intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger, and after cooling the intermediate heat exchange medium, the intermediate heat exchange medium continues to enter the second intermediate heat exchange subsystem heat exchanger through the seventh control valve and the eighth control valve for circulation; the user's heating system sends the heating return water to the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through the return water pump, and after being heated by the condensation heat of the refrigerant in the first air source heat pump heat exchanger, it is sent to the user through the water supply pump for use as a heating system; When the solar radiation is equal to or less than the preset value, the photovoltaic system circulation pump is turned off; The refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the second air source heat pump heat exchanger, then enters the compressor to be compressed, and then enters the first air source heat pump heat exchanger through the four-way reversing valve to condense and release heat to produce a heating effect. After being throttled by the throttle valve, it enters the second air source heat pump heat exchanger through the ninth control valve to continue circulating.

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