Short-process cascade flotation method for micro-fine particle lead-zinc oxide ore

Through the combination of multiple activators and collectors, combined with flotation machines and flotation columns, the separation problem of fine-grained lead-zinc ore is solved, efficient step-by-step recycling and process simplification of lead-zinc ore is achieved, and resource utilization is improved.

CN120502435APending Publication Date: 2025-08-19KUNMING UNIV OF SCI & TECH
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202510879922.2
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-06-27
Publication Date
2025-08-19

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing flotation method is difficult to efficiently recover fine-grained lead-zinc ore, especially lead-oxide minerals and zinc oxide minerals have poor separation effect, and the flotation process is complex and the chemical consumption is large. Sludge minerals affect foam stability and fluidity.

Method used

The combination of multivariate activator and collector is used, combined with a flotation machine and flotation column, and the surfactant sites of lead oxide minerals are deeply activated, and the gangue mineral surfactant is selectively masked, and the composite collector is used to regulate the hydrophobicity of zinc oxide minerals and the stability of foam layer to achieve efficient stage recovery.

Benefits of technology

The short-process cascade sorting of fine-grained lead-zinc ore is realized, which improves the recovery and comprehensive utilization of lead-zinc minerals, simplifies the process, and avoids the accumulation of mud minerals and foam instability.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a short-process cascade flotation method for micro-fine particle lead-zinc oxide ore, and belongs to the technical field of mineral processing. According to the method, after the lead-zinc oxide ore is levigated, a multi-element activating agent is added to deeply activate the lead oxide ore in the ore, a multi-element collecting agent is adopted to carry out reinforced dewatering on the activated lead oxide ore, and then a flotation machine is utilized to preferentially recover lead concentrate; a compound regulator is added into lead flotation tailings to fully disperse ore pulp and selectively mask active sites on the surface of gangue minerals, the surface hydrophobicity of zinc oxide minerals and the stability, liquidity and viscosity of a flotation foam layer are accurately regulated and controlled through a compound collecting agent, then the zinc oxide minerals are rapidly and efficiently recycled through a flotation column, and the flotation efficiency of the flotation column is improved. And high-quality zinc concentrate can be obtained only through one-time roughing. According to the method, the flotation machine and the flotation column are used in a combined mode, the high separation precision of the flotation column and the synergistic effect of the combined reagent are fully exerted, and short-process cascade separation and efficient enrichment of the micro-fine particle lead-zinc oxide ore are achieved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, belonging to the technical field of mineral processing. Background Art

[0002] Oxide lead-zinc ores are typically pre-concentrated using flotation, where the selection and combination of flotation reagents are crucial for the separation and enrichment of lead-zinc ores. Xanthate sulfide flotation is the primary method for recovering lead oxide ores. However, using a single sulfiding agent as an activator is difficult to efficiently activate the lead oxide ores in the ore, effectively improving the active sites on the mineral surface and regulating the slurry environment. Furthermore, using a single xanthate as a collector has limited adsorption capacity on the surface of lead oxide ores, making it impossible to ensure that the surface of the lead minerals in the ore is fully hydrophobic. This results in the loss of some lead oxide ores in the tailings, severely impacting the separation and recovery of lead minerals in the ore.

[0003] Amine sulfide flotation is a commonly used separation process for zinc oxide ores. Zinc oxide ores usually contain a large amount of mud minerals, which consume the amine collectors in the slurry and non-selectively adsorb on the surfaces of various minerals, resulting in the collectors being unable to selectively react with the zinc oxide minerals. Researchers usually solve the above problems by increasing the flotation process or adding a large amount of reagents, but this will result in a long flotation process, many dosing points, high investment and complex operation. In addition, the mud minerals adsorbed with amine collectors will also adhere to the mineralized foam, causing the flotation foam to be jointly armored by the ore mud and amine collectors, making the flotation foam long-lived and highly stable. This will not only increase the circulation volume of the middling ore, but also make the fluidity of the ore-laden foam extremely poor and difficult to eliminate, making the flotation process difficult to control and production difficult to carry out.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop new flotation agents and separation processes to effectively regulate the slurry environment and flotation process, eliminate the adverse effects of muddy minerals on the flotation of oxidized lead-zinc ores, and achieve efficient recovery of fine-particle oxidized lead-zinc ores in a short process, providing technical support for the green and low-carbon utilization of complex and difficult-to-process lead-zinc ores. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore. The method comprises the following steps: after the fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore is crushed and slurried, a multi-activator is added to deeply activate the lead oxide minerals in the ore; a multi-collector is used to enhance the hydrophobicity of the activated lead oxide minerals; and then a flotation machine is used to preferentially recover the lead concentrate; a compound regulator is added to the lead tailings to fully disperse the slurry and selectively mask the active sites on the surface of the gangue minerals; a compound collector is used to precisely control the surface hydrophobicity of the zinc oxide minerals, as well as the stability, fluidity and viscosity of the flotation foam layer; and then the zinc oxide minerals are quickly and efficiently recovered through a flotation column, so that high-quality zinc concentrate can be obtained with only one roughing operation.

[0006] A short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Crush and grind the fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore until the lead and zinc minerals are fully separated, and add water to adjust the slurry to a slurry concentration of 25-35% by mass; (2) adding a multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil to the slurry obtained in step (1) in sequence, and performing a lead roughing operation in a flotation machine to obtain a lead roughing concentrate and a lead roughing tailing; (3) adding a multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil to the primary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (2) in sequence, and performing a secondary lead roughing operation in a flotation machine to obtain a secondary lead roughing concentrate and a secondary lead roughing tailings; (4) combining the primary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (2) and the secondary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (3), adding a multi-element collector and pine oil in sequence, and performing lead concentration in a flotation machine to obtain lead concentrate and tailings I; (5) Sodium sulfide, a compound adjusting agent, and a compound collecting agent are sequentially added to the secondary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (3), and zinc roughing operation is performed in a flotation column to obtain zinc concentrate and tailings II; (6) combining the tailings I obtained in step (4) and the tailings II obtained in step (5) to obtain flotation tailings; The multi-activator is a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfide; the multi-collector is a mixture of isopentyl xanthate, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium picolinate; the compound adjuster is a mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate, acidified water glass and disodium malonate; and the compound collector is a mixture of dodecylamine acetate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0007] Preferably, in the fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore in step (1), the mass percentage content of lead is 1.2-2.6%, and the mass percentage content of zinc is 4.3-8.7%.

[0008] Preferably, per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 1800-2600 g of a multi-activator, 220-360 g of a multi-collector and 20-40 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the primary lead roughing operation in step (2).

[0009] Preferably, per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 450-650 g of a multi-activator, 55-90 g of a multi-collector and 10-20 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the secondary lead roughing operation in step (3).

[0010] Preferably, per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 25-45 g of multi-element collector and 5-10 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead concentration operation in step (4).

[0011] Preferably, per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 5000-7000 g of sodium sulfide, 900-1500 g of compound adjusting agent and 300-420 g of compound collecting agent are added to the ore pulp of the zinc roughing operation in step (5).

[0012] Preferably, based on the mass fraction of the multi-activator being 100%, sodium carbonate accounts for 20-40%, sodium chloride accounts for 25-35%, and sodium sulfide accounts for 35-45% of the multi-activator.

[0013] Preferably, based on the mass fraction of the multi-component collector being 100%, the isopentyl xanthate accounts for 35-45%, the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate accounts for 35-45%, and the sodium picolinate accounts for 15-25%.

[0014] Preferably, based on the mass fraction of the compound adjusting agent being 100%, the sodium hexametaphosphate accounts for 40-50%, the acidified water glass accounts for 35-45%, and the disodium malonate accounts for 10-20% of the compound adjusting agent.

[0015] Preferably, based on the mass fraction of the compound collector being 100%, the compound collector comprises 35-45% dodecylamine acetate, 15-25% ammonium lauryl sulfate, 20-30% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 10-20% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) Based on the occurrence characteristics of lead and zinc minerals in the ore, the present invention develops a new short-process cascade flotation strategy for fine-grained oxidized lead-zinc ore. By combining the flotation machine and the flotation column, the high separation accuracy of the flotation column and the synergistic effect of the combined reagents are fully utilized to achieve efficient cascade recovery of fine-grained lead and zinc-containing minerals in a short process, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of complex and difficult-to-process lead-zinc mineral resources. (2) The present invention uses sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfide as multi-activators, which can not only destroy the hydrophilic layer on the surface of the lead oxide mineral, but also replace the carbonate ions on the surface of the mineral, thereby removing the shielding effect on the lead ions on the mineral surface, thereby increasing the number of lead sites on the mineral surface and achieving enhanced sulfidation; in addition, isopentyl xanthate, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium picolinate are used as multi-collectors to make up for the defect of insufficient hydrophobicity of a single collector, thereby promoting the priority and rapid recovery of the lead oxide mineral in the ore; (3) The present invention adds sodium hexametaphosphate, acidified water glass and disodium malonate to the lead tailings, and selectively masks the active sites on the gangue surface through chemical reaction, hydrogen bond or electrostatic effect, thereby blocking the adsorption of the collector and preventing the gangue minerals from floating up by utilizing the steric hindrance effect; at the same time, the fine mineral particles in the ore are strongly dispersed to prevent the muddy minerals from covering the zinc mineral surface, and the flotation kinetic conditions are optimized by means of the dispersion effect, providing conditions for the directional and efficient adsorption of the collector; (4) The present invention uses dodecylamine acetate, dodecyl ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether as a composite collector to accurately control the surface hydrophobicity of zinc oxide minerals, as well as the stability, fluidity and viscosity of the flotation foam layer. The zinc oxide minerals are then quickly and efficiently recovered through the flotation column. High-quality zinc concentrate can be obtained by only one roughing operation without involving the return of middlings. The accumulation and circulation of muddy minerals in the flotation system can be avoided, thus solving the problems of foam control and mud suppression in fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ores. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents described above.

[0019] In the following examples of the present invention, the multi-activator is a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfide, the multi-collector is a mixture of isopentyl xanthate, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium picolinate, the compound adjuster is a mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate, acidified water glass and disodium malonate, and the compound collector is a mixture of dodecylamine acetate, lauryl ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0020] Example 1: In this example, based on the mass fraction of the multi-acting agent as 100%, sodium carbonate accounts for 20%, sodium chloride accounts for 35%, and sodium sulfide accounts for 45%; based on the mass fraction of the multi-acting collector as 100%, isopentyl xanthate accounts for 35%, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate accounts for 40%, and sodium picolinate accounts for 25%; based on the mass fraction of the compound adjusting agent as 100%, sodium hexametaphosphate accounts for 40%, acidified water glass accounts for 45%, and disodium malonate accounts for 15%; based on the mass fraction of the compound collector as 100%, dodecylamine acetate accounts for 35%, ammonium lauryl sulfate accounts for 25%, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate accounts for 20%, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether accounts for 20%; like Figure 1 As shown, a short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained oxidized lead-zinc ore has the following specific steps: (1) The fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore is crushed and ground until the lead and zinc minerals are fully separated, and water is added to adjust the slurry to a mass percentage concentration of 25%; the mass percentage content of lead is 1.2% and the mass percentage content of zinc is 4.3%; (2) A multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil are sequentially added to the slurry obtained in step (1), and a lead roughing operation is performed in a flotation machine to obtain a lead roughing concentrate and a lead roughing tailing; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 1800 g of the multi-component activator, 220 g of the multi-component collector and 20 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead roughing operation in step (2); (3) A multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil are sequentially added to the primary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (2), and a secondary lead roughing operation is carried out in a flotation machine to obtain a secondary lead roughing concentrate and a secondary lead roughing tailings; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 450 g of the multi-component activator, 55 g of the multi-component collector and 10 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the secondary lead roughing operation in step (3); (4) The primary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (2) and the secondary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (3) are combined, and a multi-element collector and pine oil are added in sequence, and lead concentration is carried out in a flotation machine to obtain lead concentrate and tailings I; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 25 g of multi-element collector and 5 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead concentration operation in step (4); (5) Sodium sulfide, a compound adjusting agent, and a compound collecting agent are sequentially added to the secondary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (3), and zinc roughing operation is carried out in a flotation column to obtain zinc concentrate and tailings II; based on each ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 5000 g of sodium sulfide, 900 g of the compound adjusting agent, and 300 g of the compound collecting agent are added to the slurry of the zinc roughing operation in step (5); (6) combining the tailings I obtained in step (4) and the tailings II obtained in step (5) to obtain flotation tailings; In this embodiment, the flotation recovery rate of lead is 70.8%, and the flotation recovery rate of zinc is 81.7%.

[0021] Example 2: In this example, based on the mass fraction of the multi-acting activator being 100%, sodium carbonate accounts for 30%, sodium chloride accounts for 30%, and sodium sulfide accounts for 40%; based on the mass fraction of the multi-acting collector being 100%, isopentyl xanthate accounts for 40%, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate accounts for 45%, and sodium picolinate accounts for 15%; based on the mass fraction of the compounding regulator being 100%, sodium hexametaphosphate accounts for 45%, acidified water glass accounts for 35%, and disodium malonate accounts for 20%; based on the mass fraction of the compounding collector being 100%, dodecylamine acetate accounts for 40%, ammonium lauryl sulfate accounts for 20%, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate accounts for 25%, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether accounts for 15%; like Figure 1 As shown, a short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained oxidized lead-zinc ore has the following specific steps: (1) The fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore is crushed and ground until the lead and zinc minerals are fully separated, and water is added to adjust the slurry to a mass percentage concentration of 30%; the mass percentage content of lead is 1.9% and the mass percentage content of zinc is 6.5%; (2) A multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil are sequentially added to the slurry obtained in step (1), and a lead roughing operation is performed in a flotation machine to obtain a lead roughing concentrate and a lead roughing tailing; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 2200 g of the multi-component activator, 290 g of the multi-component collector and 30 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead roughing operation in step (2); (3) A multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil are sequentially added to the primary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (2), and a secondary lead roughing operation is carried out in a flotation machine to obtain a secondary lead roughing concentrate and a secondary lead roughing tailings; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 550 g of the multi-component activator, 72.5 g of the multi-component collector and 15 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the secondary lead roughing operation in step (3); (4) The primary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (2) and the secondary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (3) are combined, and a multi-element collector and pine oil are added in sequence, and lead concentration is carried out in a flotation machine to obtain a lead concentrate and tailings I; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 35 g of the multi-element collector and 7.5 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead concentration operation in step (4); (5) Sodium sulfide, a compound adjusting agent, and a compound collecting agent are sequentially added to the secondary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (3), and zinc roughing operation is carried out in a flotation column to obtain zinc concentrate and tailings II; based on each ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 6000 g of sodium sulfide, 1200 g of the compound adjusting agent, and 360 g of the compound collecting agent are added to the slurry of the zinc roughing operation in step (5); (6) combining the tailings I obtained in step (4) and the tailings II obtained in step (5) to obtain flotation tailings; In this embodiment, the flotation recovery rate of lead is 72.3%, and the flotation recovery rate of zinc is 83.1%.

[0022] Example 3: In this example, based on the mass fraction of the multi-acting activator being 100%, sodium carbonate accounts for 40%, sodium chloride accounts for 25%, and sodium sulfide accounts for 35%; based on the mass fraction of the multi-acting collector being 100%, isopentyl xanthate accounts for 45%, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate accounts for 35%, and sodium picolinate accounts for 20%; based on the mass fraction of the compound adjusting agent being 100%, sodium hexametaphosphate accounts for 50%, acidified water glass accounts for 40%, and disodium malonate accounts for 10%; based on the mass fraction of the compound collector being 100%, dodecylamine acetate accounts for 45%, ammonium lauryl sulfate accounts for 15%, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate accounts for 30%, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether accounts for 10%; like Figure 1 As shown, a short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained oxidized lead-zinc ore has the following specific steps: (1) The fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore is crushed and ground until the lead and zinc minerals are fully separated, and water is added to adjust the slurry to a mass percentage concentration of 35%; the mass percentage content of lead is 2.6% and the mass percentage content of zinc is 8.7%; (2) A multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil are sequentially added to the slurry obtained in step (1), and a lead roughing operation is performed in a flotation machine to obtain a lead roughing concentrate and a lead roughing tailing; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 2600 g of the multi-component activator, 360 g of the multi-component collector and 40 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead roughing operation in step (2); (3) A multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil are sequentially added to the primary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (2), and a secondary lead roughing operation is carried out in a flotation machine to obtain a secondary lead roughing concentrate and a secondary lead roughing tailings; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 650 g of the multi-component activator, 90 g of the multi-component collector and 20 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the secondary lead roughing operation in step (3); (4) The primary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (2) and the secondary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (3) are combined, and a multi-element collector and pine oil are added in sequence, and lead concentration is carried out in a flotation machine to obtain lead concentrate and tailings I; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 45 g of multi-element collector and 10 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead concentration operation in step (4); (5) Sodium sulfide, a compound adjusting agent, and a compound collecting agent are sequentially added to the secondary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (3), and zinc roughing operation is carried out in a flotation column to obtain zinc concentrate and tailings II; per ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 7000 g of sodium sulfide, 1500 g of the compound adjusting agent, and 420 g of the compound collecting agent are added to the slurry of the zinc roughing operation in step (5); (6) combining the tailings I obtained in step (4) and the tailings II obtained in step (5) to obtain flotation tailings; In this embodiment, the flotation recovery rate of lead is 73.9%, and the flotation recovery rate of zinc is 84.6%.

[0023] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Crush and grind the fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore until the lead and zinc minerals are fully separated, and add water to adjust the slurry to a slurry concentration of 25-35% by mass; (2) adding a multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil to the slurry obtained in step (1) in sequence, and performing a lead roughing operation in a flotation machine to obtain a lead roughing concentrate and a lead roughing tailing; (3) adding a multi-component activator, a multi-component collector and pine oil to the primary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (2) in sequence, and performing a secondary lead roughing operation in a flotation machine to obtain a secondary lead roughing concentrate and a secondary lead roughing tailings; (4) combining the primary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (2) and the secondary lead roughing concentrate obtained in step (3), adding a multi-element collector and pine oil in sequence, and performing lead concentration in a flotation machine to obtain lead concentrate and tailings I; (5) Sodium sulfide, a compound adjusting agent, and a compound collecting agent are sequentially added to the secondary lead roughing tailings obtained in step (3), and zinc roughing operation is performed in a flotation column to obtain zinc concentrate and tailings II; (6) combining the tailings I obtained in step (4) and the tailings II obtained in step (5) to obtain flotation tailings; The multi-activator is a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfide; the multi-collector is a mixture of isopentyl xanthate, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium picolinate; the compound adjuster is a mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate, acidified water glass and disodium malonate; and the compound collector is a mixture of dodecylamine acetate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

2. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore of step (1), the mass percentage content of lead is 1.2-2.6%, and the mass percentage content of zinc is 4.3-8.7%.

3. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on each ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 1800-2600 g of a multi-component activator, 220-360 g of a multi-component collector, and 20-40 g of pine oil are added to the ore pulp of the primary lead roughing operation in step (2).

4. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on each ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 450-650 g of a multi-component activator, 55-90 g of a multi-component collector, and 10-20 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the secondary lead roughing operation in step (3).

5. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on each ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 25-45 g of a multi-element collector and 5-10 g of pine oil are added to the slurry of the lead concentration operation in step (4).

6. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on each ton of fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore, 5000-7000 g of sodium sulfide, 900-1500 g of compound adjusting agent and 300-420 g of compound collecting agent are added to the ore pulp of the zinc roughing operation in step (5).

7. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Taking the mass fraction of the multi-activator as 100%, sodium carbonate accounts for 20-40%, sodium chloride accounts for 25-35%, and sodium sulfide accounts for 35-45% of the multi-activator.

8. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Taking the mass fraction of the multi-component collector as 100%, the isopentyl xanthate accounts for 35-45%, the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate accounts for 35-45%, and the sodium picolinate accounts for 15-25%.

9. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Taking the mass fraction of the compound adjusting agent as 100%, the sodium hexametaphosphate accounts for 40-50%, the acidified water glass accounts for 35-45%, and the disodium malonate accounts for 10-20% in the compound adjusting agent.

10. The short-process cascade flotation method for fine-grained lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: Taking the mass fraction of the compound collector as 100%, the compound collector comprises 35-45% of dodecylamine acetate, 15-25% of ammonium lauryl sulfate, 20-30% of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 10-20% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.