Cutting and grinding machine for manufacturing rock slices and machining method

Abstract

The invention provides a cutting and grinding machine for manufacturing rock slices and a machining method, and belongs to the technical field of cutting and milling devices or technologies, and the cutting and grinding machine can cut rocks when a cutting blade is installed at the end of a main shaft, and can mill the rock slices when a grinding cup is installed on the main shaft. And clamps with different structures can be selected at the clamping end to adapt to cutting or milling. One end of the main shaft is connected with a main shaft motor through a plurality of axial bolts, the diameter of a through hole used for assembling the bolts is larger than the large diameter of the bolts, so that the axis of the main shaft can be adjusted, the parallelism of the end face of the main shaft and the clamp is measured continuously during assembling, and the end face of the main shaft is parallel to the first working face of the clamp during assembling. Therefore, the machining precision is improved. The cutting and grinding machine for manufacturing the rock slices can complete slicing and grinding of rocks and is high in machining precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of devices or processes for cutting and milling, and in particular, relates to a cutting and milling machine and a machining method for producing rock slices. Background Art

[0002] Rock thin section production technology is fundamental to rock and mineral identification and an essential component of analytical testing. The quality of rock thin sections directly impacts the efficiency and accuracy of identification, analytical testing, and analysis. The production process involves slicing and grinding. Traditional manual thin section production relies entirely on experience, resulting in variable quality and low automation. In recent years, several patents (utility model, Grant Announcement No. CN206982320U; invention patent, Application Publication No. CN109877675A) have attempted to address this issue, but all suffer from limitations such as insufficient slicing and grinding accuracy and a limited range of compatible thin section types. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides a cutting and grinding machine and a mechanical processing method for producing rock slices, which can complete rock slicing and grinding with high processing precision.

[0004] Specifically, a cutting machine for making rock slices comprises:

[0005] The spindle end includes a spindle and a spindle motor. One end of the spindle is connected to the spindle motor via a plurality of axial bolts, and the diameter of the through-holes for assembling the bolts is larger than the major diameter of the bolts. The other end of the spindle is used to mount a grinding cup or a cutting disc.

[0006] The clamping end includes a clamp for clamping a workpiece, a clamp seat connected to the clamp, a clamping end moving unit for driving the clamp seat to move, and a motor installed on the clamping end moving unit for driving the clamp to rotate;

[0007] Wherein, the clamp is provided with a first groove, the first groove is provided with a vacuum air channel, and the vacuum air channel provided on the groove is connected to the vacuum pump.

[0008] In one embodiment, the spindle end further comprises a lifting device, which drives the spindle to move in a vertical direction;

[0009] The clamping end moving unit drives the clamp seat to move in two mutually perpendicular directions in a horizontal plane.

[0010] In one embodiment, the spindle end further comprises an axial movement motor, and the axial movement motor drives the spindle to move along its axial direction;

[0011] The clamping end moving unit drives the clamp seat to move in a horizontal plane along an axial direction perpendicular to the main shaft.

[0012] In one embodiment, a hollow gasket having an inner cavity is provided between the clamp and the clamp seat.

[0013] In one embodiment, a plurality of first grooves are provided on the first working surface of the fixture, and at least one vacuum air channel is provided on each of the first grooves, and the vacuum air channels are all connected to the vacuum pump.

[0014] In one embodiment, a plurality of second grooves are further provided on the first working surface of the clamp, and the second grooves are used for mounting a backer protruding from the first working surface.

[0015] The present application also provides a mechanical processing method for producing rock slices, using the above-mentioned cutting and grinding machine to:

[0016] During cutting, a cutting disc is mounted on the spindle end;

[0017] During milling and grinding, a grinding cup is installed on the spindle end.

[0018] In one embodiment, during the cutting process, after the first cutting stroke, the workpiece is rotated 180 degrees around the main axis and then a second cutting stroke is performed.

[0019] In one embodiment, during cutting, the workpiece moves along the feed direction and swings up and down within a set angle range; or

[0020] When the workpiece moves along the feeding direction, it rotates while feeding, and the cutting track of the cutting blade on the surface of the workpiece is similar to a spiral line; or

[0021] The workpiece is fed intermittently along the feed direction. After feeding the set distance, the workpiece pauses along the feed direction, and the workpiece rotates 360 degrees around the axis of the spindle. Then, the workpiece feeds the set distance and pauses along the feed direction. The workpiece rotates 360 degrees around the axis of the spindle, and the cycle repeats until the set cutting length is cut.

[0022] In one embodiment, before processing, the position of the bolts between the spindle and the spindle motor is adjusted between the through holes; and / or a hollow gasket with an inner cavity is assembled between the fixture and the fixture seat so that the spindle is perpendicular to the fixture.

[0023] The cutting and grinding machine for making rock slices provided by the present application can cut rocks when a cutting disc is installed on the spindle end, and can mill rock slices when a grinding cup is installed on the spindle. Clamps of different structures can be selected at the clamping end to adapt to cutting or milling. One end of the spindle is connected to the spindle motor through a plurality of axial bolts and the diameter of the through hole for assembling the bolts is larger than the major diameter of the bolts, so that the axis of the spindle can be adjusted. During assembly, the parallelism of the spindle end face and the clamp is continuously measured by a meter, so that the spindle end face is parallel to the first working surface of the clamp during assembly, thereby improving the processing accuracy.

[0024] For further clarity of explanation, various aspects and advantages of the embodiments disclosed in the present application will become apparent in the following description or can be understood through the practice of the embodiments disclosed in the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the invention but do not constitute a limitation to the invention.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a rock slice cutting and grinding machine according to Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the clamping end of the cutting and grinding machine provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the clamp provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the clamp provided in Example 1 of the present application at another angle;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram for illustrating the mechanical processing method of swing cutting provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the clamping end of the cutting and grinding machine provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the positions of the six spindle fixing bolts 5 between the spindle 101 and the spindle motor in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a cutting and grinding machine for making rock slices, which can not only cut rock blocks into rock slices, but also mill and grind rock slices to make their thickness and surface roughness meet test requirements. Figure 1 The cutting and grinding machine for making rock slices includes a main shaft end 100 and a clamping end 200.

[0036] Figure 1 The spindle end 100 in the middle dotted box includes a spindle and a spindle motor. One end of the spindle is connected to the spindle motor through a plurality of axial bolts, and the diameter of the through hole for assembling the bolts is larger than the major diameter of the bolts. The other end of the spindle is installed with a joint 1. The end of the mounting joint 1 for connecting to the grinding cup or the cutting wheel is provided with different structures so that it can be connected to both the grinding cup and the cutting wheel. Cutting processing is performed by clamping the cutting wheel, and milling processing is performed by clamping the grinding cup.

[0037] Combine Figure 2 The clamping end 200 includes a clamp 9 for clamping a workpiece, a clamp seat 6 connected to the clamp 9, a clamping end moving unit for driving the clamp seat 6 to move, and a motor installed on the clamping end moving unit for driving the clamp 9 to rotate ( Figure 2 not shown).

[0038] In this embodiment, the card-loading end moving unit includes a first direction ( Figure 2 A first-direction track device 704 is provided (in a direction from the lower left to the upper right in the middle), a first-direction slider structure 703 is provided on the first-direction track device 704 for sliding engagement therewith, a second-direction track device 702 for sliding engagement therewith (the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and both the first and second directions are in a horizontal plane) is provided on the upper surface of the first-direction slider structure 703, and a second-direction slider structure 701 is provided above the second-direction track device 702 for sliding engagement therewith, with a fixture seat 6 mounted on the top surface of the second-direction slider structure 701. In this embodiment, the first direction is parallel to the direction of the spindle.

[0039] In this embodiment, the spindle end 100 further includes a lifting device, which drives the spindle to move in the vertical direction; in this embodiment, the spindle and the spindle motor are all integrated in the box 4, and the box 4 is driven by the lifting device.

[0040] In this embodiment, the lifting device includes two vertical rails 2 and 3 and a power mechanism for outputting linear displacement of a lead screw nut, which can ensure that one end of the grinding cup or cutting disc connected to the main shaft has sufficient tangential force and axial force, and during the cutting or milling process, the tool feed speed is stable, thereby improving the control accuracy.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the clamping end movement unit (comprising a second-direction slider structure 701, a second-direction track assembly 702, a first-direction slider structure 703, and a first-direction track assembly 704) drives the fixture base 6 to move in two mutually perpendicular directions within a horizontal plane. In this embodiment, two parallel tracks are provided between the first-direction slider structure 703 and the first-direction track assembly 704, and between the second-direction slider structure 701 and the second-direction track assembly 702, as well as a power mechanism for outputting linear displacement through a lead screw nut. This stabilizes the workpiece feed speed during cutting or milling, thereby improving control accuracy.

[0042] When cutting or milling, the workpiece is clamped on the clamp 9 of the clamping end 200, and the workpiece 6 is moved into position by the clamping end moving unit. The high-speed rotating cutting disc or grinding cup driven by the spindle motor moves to cut or mill the workpiece.

[0043] When the cutting and grinding machine for producing rock slices provided in this embodiment is used for cutting, a cutting disc is mounted on the main shaft end 100 .

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, before processing, the positions of the six spindle fixing bolts 5 between the spindle 101 and the spindle motor are adjusted between the through holes, and the parallelism of the spindle end face and the fixture 9 is continuously measured with a meter, so that the spindle end face is parallel to the sample surface during assembly, thereby improving the processing accuracy.

[0045] In order to ensure that the end face of the main shaft is parallel to the sample surface, in this embodiment, a hollow gasket with an inner cavity is installed between the clamp 9 and the clamp seat 6 so that the main shaft is perpendicular to the clamp.

[0046] Furthermore, during the cutting process, after the first cutting stroke, the workpiece is rotated 180 degrees around the main axis and then the second cutting stroke is performed. For example, a rock block sample is cut and clamped, the clamping end moving unit is adjusted, the sample is moved to a suitable position, the Y-axis cutting length is set to 52.00 mm, the Y-axis feed speed is 0.10 mm / s, and the rotation speed is 3500 r / min; after starting, the cutting blade will rotate at a speed of 3500 r / min, and the cutting blade will move at a uniform speed of 0.10 mm / s along the Y+ axis direction. After the cutting blade has traveled 26.00 (52 / 2=26) mm, it will return to the initial Y-axis position at a speed of 10.00 mm / s. During the retraction process, the cutting blade speed remains unchanged. After returning to the initial Y-axis position, the sample rotates 180 degrees around the main axis, and the cutting blade then travels at a uniform speed of 0.10 mm / s along the Y+ axis direction. After the sample has traveled 26.0+Q again, the cutting is completed, and then the cutting blade automatically resets and returns to the initial Y-axis position. The reset speed is 10.00 mm / s. The cutting blade still maintains 3500 r / min during the reset process. After the reset is completed, the cutting blade stops.

[0047] In this embodiment, a motor on the clamping end moving unit drives the fixture 9, enabling the workpiece to rotate 180 degrees around the main axis after the first cutting stroke before undergoing the second cutting stroke. This cutting method ensures that the sample's cross section is completely cut, minimizing the contact area between the cutting blade and the sample. This also reduces the overall machine's operating space, contributing to a reduction in both size and weight.

[0048] Among them, after the spindle rotates 180 degrees, the cutting is completed when the sample passes 26.0+Q again. Q can be 2-8 mm to ensure that the sample is completely cut through.

[0049] This embodiment provides a mechanical processing method of swing cutting. In this embodiment, during the cutting process, the sample moves along the feeding direction and swings up and down at a small angle, such as 15° or 30°, while feeding. Figure 5 As shown. The feeding direction of sample 400 is horizontal. The black line frame 401 in the figure shows the outer contour of the sample at two angles during swinging. When using this processing method, assuming that the sample is at the center of the rotation circle, with a length and width of 48 (length) * 28 (width) mm, and rotates tan-1 (28 (width) / 48 (length)) = 30.26°, the maximum amount that one corner of the sample exceeds the front end of the sample starting position during swinging is sqrt (28 2 + 48 2) - 48 = 7.6. If this cutting method is selected, during on-site operation, first rotate the sample 15° or 30° to observe whether it hits the knife, then modify and rotate again until it is safe.

[0050] This embodiment provides a mechanical processing method for spiral cutting. In this embodiment, the cutting blade rotates while the sample moves in the feed direction, leaving a spiral-like cutting path on the sample surface. This method still faces the problem of oscillating cutting. During field operation, the sample should be rotated circumferentially to ensure that there is no collision with the blade.

[0051] This embodiment provides a mechanical processing method for concentric circle cutting. In this embodiment, during the cutting process, the continuous feeding of the sample along the feed direction will become a discrete value. For example, if the feed speed is 0.3 mm / s, after feeding 0.3 mm, the movement along the feed direction is paused, and the sample rotates 360 degrees around the R axis (spindle axis) at the set speed. After moving 0.3 mm along the feed direction, the movement along the feed direction is paused, and the sample rotates 360 degrees around the R axis (spindle axis) at the set speed. This cycle is repeated until the set cutting length is cut.

[0052] The various mechanical processing methods mentioned above are all designed to reduce the amount of feed required per cut, allowing for a complete cut and a sufficiently smooth cut surface. These mechanical processing methods can cut samples with high hardness, require less sharpness from the cutting blade, and can reduce feed speeds.

[0053] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 Four first grooves 901 are set on the first working surface of the clamp 9. The first grooves 901 are in a cross shape. A vacuum air channel 903 is set at the bottom center of each cross-shaped first groove 901. The vacuum air channel 903 is connected to the vacuum pump.

[0054] A plurality of second grooves 902 are further provided on the first working surface of the clamp 9 , and the second grooves 902 are used for mounting a backer protruding from the first working surface.

[0055] During clamping, the negative pressure provided by the vacuum pump presses the glass slide onto the first working surface of the fixture 9, forming a seal between the glass slide and the fixture 9, so that the glass slide is firmly fixed to the upper surface of the fixture 9, thereby achieving the clamping of the workpiece.

[0056] When the cutting and grinding machine for producing rock slices provided in this embodiment is used for milling, a grinding cup is mounted on the spindle end 100. Furthermore, a clamp 9 is used to clamp the rock slice attached to the glass slide, and no sealing ring is placed between the glass slide and the clamp 9 during clamping. By utilizing the low surface roughness of the glass slide, a seal is formed between the glass slide and the clamp 9, so that the glass slide is firmly fixed to the upper surface of the clamp 9, thereby achieving the clamping of the workpiece. More importantly, less rock powder generated by milling enters between the glass slide and the clamp 9, reducing the wear of the clamp 9 by the rock powder and extending the service life of the clamp 9.

[0057] Furthermore, during milling, the vacuum pump continuously operates to maintain the negative pressure in the first groove 901 to meet the clamping requirements, thereby avoiding insecure clamping of the workpiece due to insufficient sealing between the glass slide and the fixture 9 and improving the grinding accuracy.

[0058] In another embodiment, a vacuum gauge is provided on the vacuum pump pipeline connected to the first clamp body 9. When the measurement result of the vacuum gauge is lower than a certain value, the vacuum pump is started to evacuate air to avoid insufficient sealing between the slide and the clamp 9, resulting in low vacuum degree and unstable clamping of the workpiece.

[0059] In this embodiment, a plurality of second grooves 902 are provided. By inserting the backing plate into the second grooves 902 at different positions, workpieces of various sizes can be accommodated. The backing plate can also be installed according to the number of workpieces in one processing process.

[0060] A vacuum chamber is provided within the fixture 9, formed by a recessed cavity on the back of the fixture 9, a bottom cover plate, and a silicone O-ring therebetween. Each vacuum airway 903 is connected to the vacuum chamber, and an external vent 904 connected to a vacuum pump is provided on the side wall of the fixture 9.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Reference Figure 6 Compared with Example 1, the spindle end 100 of this embodiment includes an axial movement motor, which drives the spindle to move along its axial direction. Figure 6 In the Y direction, the spindle end does not include a lifting device for driving the spindle to move in the vertical direction;

[0063] Compared with embodiment 1, in the horizontal plane, the clamping end moving unit only drives the clamp seat 6 to move along the axis direction perpendicular to the main shaft, that is, Figure 5 The X direction in .

[0064] Figure 6 , a motor 601 for driving the clamp to rotate is shown installed on the clamp seat 6. The motor for driving the clamp to rotate in Example 1 can be fixed on the clamp seat in the same way.

[0065] In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the power output device that drives the spindle to move vertically or axially and the power output device that drives the fixture seat to move are preferably servo motors, which are conducive to increasing the feed speed, thereby ensuring the processing progress of the two mechanical processing processes of cutting and milling.

[0066] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present technical solution and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present technical solution.

[0067] In this technical solution, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this technical solution based on specific circumstances.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present technical solution. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0069] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A cutting and grinding machine for producing rock slices, characterized in that: Include: The spindle end includes a spindle and a spindle motor. One end of the spindle is connected to the spindle motor via a plurality of axial bolts, and the diameter of the through-holes for assembling the bolts is larger than the major diameter of the bolts. The other end of the spindle is used to mount a grinding cup or a cutting disc. The clamping end includes a clamp for clamping a workpiece, a clamp seat connected to the clamp, a clamping end moving unit for driving the clamp seat to move, and a motor installed on the clamping end moving unit for driving the clamp to rotate; Wherein, the clamp is provided with a first groove, the first groove is provided with a vacuum air channel, and the vacuum air channel provided on the groove is connected to the vacuum pump.

2. The cutting and grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: The spindle end further comprises a lifting device, which drives the spindle to move in a vertical direction; The clamping end moving unit drives the clamp seat to move in two mutually perpendicular directions in a horizontal plane.

3. The cutting and grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: The spindle end further comprises an axial movement motor, and the axial movement motor drives the spindle to move along its axial direction; The clamping end moving unit drives the clamp seat to move in a horizontal plane along an axial direction perpendicular to the main shaft.

4. The cutting and grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: A hollow gasket with an inner cavity is arranged between the clamp and the clamp seat.

5. The cutting and grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of first grooves are provided on the first working surface of the fixture, and at least one vacuum air channel is provided on each of the first grooves, and the vacuum air channels are all connected to the vacuum pump.

6. The cutting and grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that A plurality of second grooves are further provided on the first working surface of the clamp, and the second grooves are used for mounting a backer protruding from the first working surface.

7. A mechanical processing method for producing rock slices, characterized in that: Using the cutting and grinding machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6: During cutting, a cutting disc is mounted on the spindle end; During milling and grinding, a grinding cup is installed on the spindle end.

8. The machining method according to claim 7, characterized in that: During cutting processing, after the first cutting working stroke, the workpiece is rotated 180 degrees around the main axis and then the second cutting working stroke is performed.

9. The machining method according to claim 7, characterized in that: During cutting, the workpiece moves along the feed direction and swings up and down within a set angle range; or When the workpiece moves along the feeding direction, it rotates while feeding, and the cutting track of the cutting blade on the surface of the workpiece is similar to a spiral line; or The workpiece is fed intermittently along the feed direction. After feeding the set distance, the workpiece pauses along the feed direction, and the workpiece rotates 360 degrees around the axis of the spindle. Then, the workpiece feeds the set distance and pauses along the feed direction. The workpiece rotates 360 degrees around the axis of the spindle, and the cycle repeats until the set cutting length is cut.

10. The machining method according to claim 7, wherein: Before processing, the position of the bolts between the spindle and the spindle motor is adjusted between the through holes; and / or a hollow gasket with an inner cavity is assembled between the fixture and the fixture seat so that the spindle is perpendicular to the fixture.

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