Aerobic composting fermentation system based on Maotai vinasse

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly discloses an aerobic composting fermentation system based on Maotai vinasse, which comprises a fermentation bin and a leachate back-spraying device, a plurality of strip-shaped fermentation tanks which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the fermentation bin, and organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai vinasse are stacked in the fermentation tanks; the top of the fermentation tank is open and guide rails are arranged on two sides; a leachate diversion trench is arranged between every two adjacent fermentation tanks; and the leachate back-spraying device is connected with the leachate diversion trench and is used for collecting the leachate and spraying the leachate back to the surface of the organic fertilizer raw material in the fermentation tank. By means of the treatment mode, the activity of microorganisms in the raw materials can be conveniently and rapidly activated, the fermentation process of the organic fertilizer raw materials is accelerated, meanwhile, emission of sulfide and nitride in leachate can be reduced, and the pollution pressure of the atmosphere and water is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of organic fertilizer, and more specifically, to an aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Maotai distiller's grains. Background Art

[0002] Moutai distiller's grains, the primary byproduct of the Moutai brewing process, consist of the solid residue remaining after cooking, fermentation, and distillation of raw materials such as sorghum and wheat. They are rich in recalcitrant organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as small amounts of residual starch, protein, and esters. With the rapid development of the Moutai industry, annual distiller's grains production has reached millions of tons. If not effectively handled, these grains can easily lead to resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0003] Existing technologies primarily utilize Maotai distiller's grains to produce organic fertilizer, feed, and biogas. To produce organic fertilizer from Maotai distiller's grains, waste materials such as distiller's grains, cellar mud, and koji grass undergo high-temperature aerobic fermentation. Once fully decomposed, they are used as semi-finished organic fertilizer. Tank fermentation is a common process in existing organic fertilizer production. Leachate is produced during fermentation of Maotai distiller's grains, but existing technologies lack effective treatment methods for this leachate, often requiring direct discharge. The sulfides and nitrogen compounds in the leachate can cause significant air and water pollution.

[0004] At the same time, the fermentation of distiller's grains produces a large amount of tail gas, the main components of which are H2S, NH4 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These gases not only produce a strong odor, but also cause great pollution to the atmosphere when discharged directly. In the composting fermentation process, biodegradation is generally used to treat such gases before discharge. However, the removal rate of tail gas by such treatment method is generally between 85% and 95%, and a small amount of toxic and harmful tail gas is still discharged into the atmosphere. At the same time, there is a lack of utilization of the tail gas, which causes a huge economic burden. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above problems, the present application provides an aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains.

[0006] The present application provides an aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Maotai distiller's grains comprises: a fermentation chamber and a leachate re-spraying device; the fermentation chamber is provided with a plurality of parallel long fermentation tanks, in which organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains are stacked; the fermentation tanks are open at the top and have guide rails on both sides;

[0008] A leachate diversion trough is provided between two adjacent fermentation tanks;

[0009] The leachate back-spray device is connected to the leachate diversion trough, and is used for collecting leachate and back-spraying it onto the surface of the organic fertilizer raw material in the fermentation tank.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the cross-section of the bottom of the fermentation tank is an arc-shaped structure with a high middle and low sides, and a plurality of drainage holes are opened through the bottom of both sides of the fermentation tank along the length direction, and the leachate diversion groove is located below the drainage holes;

[0011] The cross section of the leachate diversion trough is V-shaped, and the leachate diversion trough is inclined along the length direction. The leachate back-spray device is located at the lower end of the leachate diversion trough.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the leachate back-spray device includes a liquid collecting pipe, a liquid collecting tank, a spray main pipe and a spray branch pipe, one end of the liquid collecting pipe is connected to the lower end of the leachate diversion trough, and the other end is connected to the liquid collecting tank, the liquid collecting tank is located between the liquid collecting pipe and the spray main pipe, the spray main pipe is connected to a plurality of spray branch pipes, and the plurality of spray branch pipes are evenly distributed above the fermentation tank; the spray branch pipe is used to spray the leachate;

[0013] A water pump is provided in the liquid collecting tank, and the water pump is used to pump the leachate to the spray main pipe;

[0014] A composite microbial agent is added into the liquid collection pool, and the composite microbial agent comprises high-temperature lignin-degrading bacteria, salt-tolerant Bacillus and black Aspergillus.

[0015] In a specific possible implementation plan, it also includes an exhaust gas treatment system, which includes a negative pressure suction device, a cyclone separator, an alkali washing tower, an acid washing tower and a biological filter bed connected in sequence along the exhaust gas flow direction; the negative pressure suction device is arranged above the fermentation tank, and is used to absorb the exhaust gas generated by the fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains; the cyclone separator is used to filter dust impurities in the exhaust gas; the alkali washing tower is sprayed with NaOH solution to recover most of the H2S gas in the exhaust gas; the acid washing tower is sprayed with H2SO4 solution to recover most of the NH4 gas in the exhaust gas; the biological filter bed is used to adsorb and treat residual H2S, NH4 and VOCs in the exhaust gas.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the biological filter bed is provided with a filler layer, and the filler layer is vertically laid with gravel, activated carbon and decomposed compost in sequence from bottom to top, and the activated carbon and decomposed compost are pre-inoculated with nitrifying bacteria and thiobacillus.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the system further includes a solar thermal collection system, which includes a solar thermal collection station, a temperature-controlled water tank, a first circulation pipeline, and a second circulation pipeline. The solar thermal collection station is installed on the top of the fermentation bin, the first circulation pipeline is arranged between the solar thermal collection station and the temperature-controlled water tank, the second circulation pipeline is arranged in the fermentation bin, and the water inlet and outlet of the second circulation pipeline are both connected to the temperature-controlled water tank; the first circulation pipeline and the second circulation pipeline are both provided with a circulation pump;

[0018] An electric heating device and a temperature measuring device are arranged in the temperature-controlled water tank.

[0019] In a specific possible implementation scheme, it also includes an aeration system, which includes an aeration main pipe, a variable frequency blower and a plurality of annular perforated aeration pipes. One end of the aeration main pipe is connected to the variable frequency blower, and the other end is connected to the plurality of annular perforated aeration pipes. The plurality of annular perforated aeration pipes are embedded in the bottom of the fermentation tank. The annular perforated aeration pipes are flush with or slightly concave to the surface of the bottom of the fermentation tank, and each of the annular perforated aeration pipes is provided with a control valve.

[0020] In a specific possible implementation plan, it also includes a turning machine, which includes a turning bracket and a driving wheel. The turning bracket is a door-type structure, and driving wheels are respectively provided at both ends of the turning bracket along the length direction. The driving wheels move in coordination with the guide rails. A liftable rotary tillage blade group is provided at the bottom of the turning bracket, and the rotary tillage blade group is used to turn over the organic fertilizer raw materials stacked in the fermentation tank.

[0021] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. By setting the bottom of the fermentation tank to an arc-shaped structure with low sides and high middle, the leachate produced by the fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials flows naturally to the bottom sides of the fermentation tank and enters the leachate reflux tank through the drainage hole. The collecting pipe recovers the leachate into the collecting tank. The leachate in the collecting tank is pumped to the spray branch pipe by a water pump. Through the spray branch pipe, the leachate is evenly sprayed onto the surface of organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains, so as to quickly activate the activity of microorganisms in the raw materials and accelerate the fermentation process of the organic fertilizer raw materials. At the same time, the back-spraying of the leachate can also reduce the emission of sulfides and nitrogen compounds in the leachate, and alleviate the pollution pressure of the atmosphere and water bodies.

[0023] 2. The exhaust gas treatment system includes a cyclone separator that filters dust impurities from the exhaust gas to reduce atmospheric dust pollution. Meanwhile, a NaOH solution is sprayed into the alkaline scrubber, causing most of the H2S gas in the exhaust gas to react with the NaOH solution to produce Na2S. H2SO4 solution is sprayed into the acid scrubber, causing most of the NH4 gas in the exhaust gas to react with the H2SO4 solution to produce (NH4)2SO4. This (NH4)2SO4 is recovered and used as ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. This not only increases the value of aerobic composting, but also prevents NH4 emissions from polluting the environment. The activated carbon in the biofilter further absorbs the remaining H2S and NH4. Nitrifying bacteria decompose the NH4, and Thiobacillus decomposes the H2S. Meanwhile, the mature compost absorbs and captures VOCs, and deep-seated microorganisms within the mature compost continuously decompose VOCs. This multi-stage exhaust gas purification prevents pollutant emissions and enhances the environmental friendliness of aerobic composting.

[0024] 3. The solar thermal collection system is set up to absorb heat energy through the solar thermal collection tube to heat the water. The hot water is collected in the temperature-controlled water tank. The circulation pump pumps the hot water into the circulation pipe. The hot water is transferred to the inside of the fermentation bin through the circulation pipe, so that the temperature of the organic fertilizer is increased and quickly reaches the fermentation temperature, which is convenient for accelerating the fermentation speed of the organic fertilizer raw materials and improving the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation of the present application.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a fermentation bin and tail gas treatment system of an aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains in this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a leachate re-spray device in an aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains in this application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a turning machine for an aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains in this application.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a biological filter bed in an aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains in this application.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar heat collection system for an aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains in this application.

[0031] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the aeration system structure of an aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains in this application.

[0032] Description of the drawings: 1. Fermentation chamber; 11. Fermentation tank; 12. Guide rail; 13. Drain hole; 14. Leachate diversion trough; 2. Leachate back-spray device; 21. Liquid collecting pipe; 22. Liquid collecting tank; 23. Spray main pipe; 24. Spray branch pipe; 3. Tail gas treatment system; 31. Negative pressure suction device; 32. Cyclone separator; 33. Alkali washing tower; 34. Acid washing tower; 35. Biofilter bed; 351. Gravel; 352. Activated carbon; 353. Mature compost; 4. Solar collector Thermal system; 41. Solar thermal station; 42. Temperature-controlled water tank; 421. Electric heating device; 422. Temperature measuring device; 43. First circulation pipeline; 44. Second circulation pipeline; 45. Circulation pump; 5. Aeration system; 51. Aeration main pipe; 52. Variable frequency blower; 53. Annular perforated aeration pipe; 54. Control valve; 6. Tiller; 61. Tiller bracket; 62. Drive wheel; 63. Rotary tiller; 631. Lifting blade holder; 632. Spindle; 633. Cutting tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical features indicated. Thus, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; and in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0035] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0036] The embodiments of the present application disclose an aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains.

[0037] Example

[0038] An aerobic composting fermentation system based on Maotai distiller's grains comprises: a fermentation bin 1, a leachate back-spray device 2, an exhaust gas treatment system 3, a solar heat collection system 4, an aeration system 5 and a turner 6.

[0039] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, a plurality of parallel long fermentation tanks 11 are provided in the fermentation bin 1, and organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains are stacked in the fermentation tanks 11; the top of the fermentation tank 11 is open and guide rails 12 are provided on both sides for matching with the turning machine 6. A leachate diversion trough 14 is provided between two adjacent fermentation tanks 11; the cross section of the bottom of the fermentation tank 11 is an arc-shaped structure with a high middle and low sides, and a plurality of drainage holes 13 are provided through the bottom of both sides of the fermentation tank 11 along the length direction, and the leachate diversion trough 14 is located below the drainage holes 13; the cross section of the leachate diversion trough 14 is "V"-shaped, and the height of the leachate diversion trough 14 is inclined along the length direction, and the leachate back-spray device 2 is located at the lower end of the leachate diversion trough 14.

[0040] Specifically, the main structure of the fermentation tank 11 in the embodiment of the present application is a reinforced concrete structure. The fermentation tank 11 is 188 meters long, 10.41 meters wide, and 3 meters deep. The bottom of the fermentation tank 11 is arranged with an arc surface along the width direction, and the inclination angle a of the arc surface with the ground is set to 3°-5°. The height difference between the highest point of the arc structure and the lowest point on both sides of the tank bottom is 80-150 mm. The tank bottom is paved with a double-layer anti-seepage layer, with an upper layer of 2.0mm-3.0mm thick HDPE film and a lower layer of 300-500mm thick clay compaction layer. The inner wall of the leachate diversion trough 14 is coated with an epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer with a thickness of ≥1.5mm.

[0041] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the leachate back-spray device 2 includes a collecting pipe 21, a collecting tank 22, a spray main pipe 23 and a spray branch pipe 24. One end of the collecting pipe 21 is connected to the lower end of the leachate diversion trough 14, and the other end is connected to the collecting tank 22. The collecting tank 22 is located between the collecting pipe 21 and the spray main pipe 23. The spray main pipe 23 is connected to a plurality of spray branch pipes 24, and the plurality of spray branch pipes 24 are evenly distributed above the fermentation tank 11; the spray branch pipes 24 are used to spray the leachate; a water pump is provided in the collecting tank 22, and the water pump is used to pump the leachate to the spray main pipe 23.

[0042] The fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials produces leachate, which flows toward both sides along the arc surface of the bottom of the fermentation tank 11. The leachate on both sides is discharged through the drainage holes 13 and merges into the leachate diversion trough 14. Under the height difference of the leachate diversion trough 14, the leachate enters the collecting pipe 21 and flows into the collecting tank 22 along the collecting pipe 21. The leachate is pumped by a water pump to the spray main 23, which distributes the leachate to multiple spray branches 24. The spray branches 24 evenly spray the leachate onto the surface of the organic fertilizer raw materials.

[0043] Specifically, when spraying the leachate, a composite microbial agent can be added to the collection pool 22. The composite microbial agent includes high-temperature lignin-degrading bacteria, salt-tolerant Bacillus and Aspergillus niger, which are compounded in a ratio of 2:1:1 in terms of the number of live bacteria. The amount of the agent added is 0.05% to 0.1% of the volume of the leachate, so as to further accelerate the fermentation speed of the organic fertilizer raw material.

[0044] When the fermentation temperature is too high, the leachate is sprayed back onto the surface of the organic fertilizer raw materials to help lower the pile temperature of the organic raw materials. At the same time, the leachate can further activate the activity of microorganisms in the raw materials and accelerate the fermentation process of the organic fertilizer raw materials. In addition, the back-spraying of the leachate can also reduce the emission of sulfides and nitrogen compounds in the leachate, alleviating the pollution pressure on the atmosphere and water bodies.

[0045] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust gas treatment system 3 includes a negative pressure suction device 31, a cyclone separator 32, an alkali washing tower 33, an acid washing tower 34 and a biological filter bed 35 connected in sequence along the exhaust gas flow direction; the negative pressure suction device 31 is arranged above the fermentation tank 11, and the cyclone separator 32, the alkali washing tower 33, the acid washing tower 34 and the biological filter bed 35 are arranged in sequence outside the fermentation bin 1. The negative pressure suction device 31 sucks the exhaust gas generated by the fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains into the cyclone separator 32, and the cyclone separator 32 filters the dust impurities in the exhaust gas. The filtered exhaust gas enters the alkali washing tower 33, and the alkali washing tower 33 removes most of the H2S gas in the exhaust gas. After passing through the alkali washing tower 33, the exhaust gas enters the acid washing tower 34 to remove most of the NH4 gas in the exhaust gas. Finally, the exhaust gas passes into the biological filter bed 35 to adsorb and treat the residual H2S, NH4 and VOCs in the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas emissions meet the standards.

[0046] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the tiller 6 includes a tiller bracket 61 and a driving wheel 62. The tiller bracket 61 is a door-type structure. The driving wheels 62 are respectively provided at both ends of the tiller bracket 61 along the length direction. The driving wheels 62 move in coordination with the guide rail 12. A liftable rotary tiller group 63 is provided at the bottom of the tiller bracket 61. The rotary tiller group 63 is used to turn over the organic fertilizer raw materials stacked in the fermentation tank 11.

[0047] Specifically, the rotary tiller blade assembly 63 comprises a lift blade carriage 631, a spindle 632, and multiple sets of manganese steel blades 633 welded thereto. The lift blade carriage 631 is fixedly mounted below the tiller bracket 61. Both ends of the spindle 632 are rotatably connected to the lift blade carriage 631, and the spindle 632 is driven by a drive motor. The blades 633 are arranged in a helical pattern with a helix angle of 25°-35°. Adjacent blades 633 are spaced 150-250 mm apart. The blades 633 are coated with a tungsten carbide coating 0.2-0.5 mm thick, with a hardness of HRC 65 or higher.

[0048] Specifically, a temperature sensor is provided in the fermentation tank 11, and the temperature sensor is inserted into the stacked organic fertilizer raw materials, and multiple temperature sensors are evenly distributed inside the fermentation tank 11. When it is detected that the temperature inside the organic fertilizer raw material pile is too high, the turning machine 6 is started to turn the organic fertilizer raw materials. During turning, the driving wheel 62 moves along the length direction of the guide rail 12, driving the turning bracket 61 and the rotary tillage knife group 63 to move horizontally together. While the rotary tillage knife group 63 moves horizontally, the driving motor drives the main shaft 632 to rotate, and the tool 633 set on the main shaft 632 rotates around the main shaft 632. The tool 633 is inserted into the raw material pile. While the tool 633 moves horizontally and rotates, the organic fertilizer raw materials below are turned up by the tool 633 and come into contact with the outside air, so that the temperature of the organic fertilizer raw material pile is rapidly reduced.

[0049] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the biological filter bed 35 is provided with a packing layer, and the packing layer is laid with gravel 351, activated carbon 352 and decomposed compost 353 in sequence from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The activated carbon 352 and the decomposed compost 353 are pre-inoculated with nitrifying bacteria and thiobacillus. The air inlet end is located below the biological filter bed 35, and the exhaust gas passes through the gravel 351, activated carbon 352 and decomposed compost 353 in sequence and is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0050] Specifically, when the tail gas enters the alkali washing tower 33, NaOH solution is sprayed in the alkali washing tower 33, so that most of the H2S gas in the tail gas is absorbed and reacts with the NaOH solution to produce Na2S. The reaction equation is: H2S+2NaOH→Na2S+2H2O. Then the remaining gas enters the acid washing tower 34, and H2SO4 solution is sprayed in the acid washing tower 34, so that most of the NH4 gas in the tail gas reacts with the H2SO4 solution to produce (NH4)2SO4. The reaction equation is: 2NH3+H2SO4→(NH4)2SO4. A recovery device is provided in the acid washing tower 34, which can recover the (NH4)2SO4 generated by the reaction. (NH4)2SO4 can be used as ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, not only The addition of additional crops to aerobic composting fermentation improves economic value and facilitates the avoidance of NH4 emissions into the atmosphere that would pollute the environment. Finally, the acid-washed tail gas enters the bottom of the biological filter bed 35, passes through the gravel 351, activated carbon 352, and decomposed compost 353 in sequence, and is discharged into the atmosphere. The activated carbon 352 further adsorbs the remaining H2S and NH4, the pre-inoculated nitrifying bacteria decompose the NH4, and the thiobacillus decomposes the H2S. At the same time, the decomposed compost 353 adsorbs and intercepts VOCs, and the deep microorganisms in the decomposed compost 353 continuously decompose the VOCs. As a result, the tail gas undergoes multi-stage purification, and the removal rate of S- and N-containing pollutants in the tail gas can reach more than 95%, thereby facilitating the avoidance of pollutant emissions and improving the environmental friendliness of aerobic composting fermentation.

[0051] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the solar thermal collection system 4 includes a solar thermal collection station 41, a temperature-controlled water tank 42, a first circulation pipeline 43, and a second circulation pipeline 44. The solar thermal collection station 41 is mounted on the top of the fermentation bin 1, the first circulation pipeline 43 is arranged between the solar thermal collection station 41 and the temperature-controlled water tank 42, and the second circulation pipeline 44 is arranged in the fermentation bin 1, and the water inlet and outlet of the second circulation pipeline 44 are both connected to the temperature-controlled water tank 42; a circulation pump 45 is provided on each of the first circulation pipeline 43 and the second circulation pipeline 44;

[0052] An electric heating device 421 and a temperature measuring device 422 are provided in the temperature-controlled water tank 42 .

[0053] Specifically, the solar heat collecting station 41 converts solar radiation energy into heat energy to heat the water in the first circulation line 43. The hot water is collected in the temperature-controlled water tank 42 via a circulation pump 45 provided on the first circulation line 43. The circulation pump 45 provided on the second circulation line 44 transmits the hot water in the temperature-controlled water tank 42 to the interior of the fermentation chamber 1 via the second circulation line 44, thereby raising the temperature of the organic fertilizer raw material to the fermentation temperature, thereby accelerating the fermentation speed of the organic fertilizer raw material and improving the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer. When the heating efficiency of the solar heat collecting station 41 is low, the temperature measuring device 422 detects that the water temperature in the temperature-controlled water tank 42 is too low, and the electric heating device 421 can be activated to perform auxiliary heating on the water in the temperature-controlled water tank 42 to ensure the fermentation effect of the organic fertilizer raw material.

[0054] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 6 As shown, the aeration system 5 includes an aeration main pipe 51, a variable frequency blower 52 and multiple annular perforated aeration pipes 53. One end of the aeration main pipe 51 is connected to the variable frequency blower 52, and the other end is connected to multiple annular perforated aeration pipes 53. The multiple annular perforated aeration pipes 53 are embedded in the bottom of the fermentation tank 11. The annular perforated aeration pipes 53 are flush with or slightly concave to the bottom surface of the fermentation tank 11, and each annular perforated aeration pipe 53 is provided with a control valve 54.

[0055] Specifically, the upper half of the annular perforated aeration pipe 53 is opened with a hole diameter of 2 to 4 mm and a hole density of 20 to 40 holes / m 2 The spacing between adjacent annular perforated aeration tubes 53 is 400-600 mm, and the tube wall thickness is 2.5-4 mm. When aerating the organic fertilizer raw materials, a variable frequency blower 52 delivers air to the aeration main pipe 51, which distributes the air to multiple annular perforated aeration tubes 53. A control valve 54 individually adjusts the air flow within each annular perforated aeration tube 53. The annular perforated aeration tubes 53 evenly spray air to the bottom of the piled organic fertilizer raw materials, ensuring uniform oxygen contact within the organic fertilizer pile and accelerating fermentation.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. For those skilled in the art of the art to which this application belongs, any changes and modifications made without departing from the concept of this application should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An aerobic composting and fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains, characterized in that: include: A fermentation bin (1) and a leachate back-spray device (2); the fermentation bin (1) is provided with a plurality of parallel long fermentation tanks (11), and organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains are stacked in the fermentation tanks (11); A leachate diversion trough (14) is provided between two adjacent fermentation tanks (11); The leachate back-spraying device (2) is connected to the leachate diversion trough (14), and the leachate back-spraying device (2) is used to collect leachate and back-spray it onto the surface of the organic fertilizer raw material in the fermentation tank (11).

2. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the bottom of the fermentation tank (11) is an arc-shaped structure with a high middle and low sides. A plurality of drainage holes (13) are provided through the bottom of both sides of the fermentation tank (11) along the length direction, and the leachate guide groove (14) is located below the drainage holes (13). The cross section of the leachate diversion trough (14) is V-shaped, and the leachate diversion trough (14) is arranged obliquely along the length direction. The leachate back-spraying device (2) is located at the lower end of the leachate diversion trough (14).

3. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 2, characterized in that: The leachate back-spray device (2) comprises a liquid collecting pipe (21), a liquid collecting tank (22), a spray main pipe (23) and a spray branch pipe (24); one end of the liquid collecting pipe (21) is connected to the lower end of the leachate guide trough (14), and the other end is connected to the liquid collecting tank (22); the liquid collecting tank (22) is located between the liquid collecting pipe (21) and the spray main pipe (23); the spray main pipe (23) is connected to a plurality of the spray branch pipes (24); and the plurality of the spray branch pipes (24) are evenly distributed above the fermentation tank (11); the spray branch pipes (24) are used for spraying leachate; A water pump is provided in the liquid collecting tank (22), and the water pump is used to pump the leachate to the spray main pipe (23); A composite microbial agent is added to the liquid collecting pool (22), and the composite microbial agent comprises high-temperature lignin-degrading bacteria, salt-tolerant Bacillus and Aspergillus niger.

4. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes an exhaust gas treatment system (3), which includes a negative pressure suction device (31), a cyclone separator (32), an alkali washing tower (33), an acid washing tower (34) and a biological filter bed (35) connected in sequence along the exhaust gas flow direction; the negative pressure suction device (31) is arranged above the fermentation tank (11) and is used to absorb the exhaust gas generated by the fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials such as Maotai distiller's grains; the cyclone separator (32) is used to filter dust impurities in the exhaust gas; the alkali washing tower (33) is sprayed with NaOH solution to recover most of the H2S gas in the exhaust gas; the acid washing tower (34) is sprayed with H2SO4 solution to recover most of the NH4 gas in the exhaust gas; and the biological filter bed (35) is used to adsorb and treat residual H2S, NH4 and VOCs in the exhaust gas.

5. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 4, characterized in that: The biological filter bed (35) is provided with a filler layer, wherein gravel (351), activated carbon (352) and decomposed compost (353) are laid in sequence from bottom to top along the vertical direction, and the activated carbon (352) and decomposed compost (353) are pre-inoculated with nitrifying bacteria and thiobacillus.

6. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank (1) further comprises a solar heat collection system (4), wherein the solar heat collection system (4) comprises a solar heat collection station (41), a temperature-controlled water tank (42), a first circulation pipeline (43), and a second circulation pipeline (44); the solar heat collection station (41) is mounted on the top of the fermentation tank (1); the first circulation pipeline (43) is arranged between the solar heat collection station (41) and the temperature-controlled water tank (42); the second circulation pipeline (44) is arranged in the fermentation tank (1), and the water inlet and the water outlet of the second circulation pipeline (44) are both connected to the temperature-controlled water tank (42); and a circulation pump (45) is provided on each of the first circulation pipeline (43) and the second circulation pipeline (44); The temperature-controlled water tank (42) is provided with an electric heating device (421) and a temperature measuring device (422).

7. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes an aeration system (5), wherein the aeration system (5) includes an aeration main pipe (51), a variable frequency blower (52) and a plurality of annular perforated aeration pipes (53). One end of the aeration main pipe (51) is connected to the variable frequency blower (52), and the other end is connected to the plurality of annular perforated aeration pipes (53). The plurality of annular perforated aeration pipes (53) are embedded in the bottom of the fermentation tank (11). The annular perforated aeration pipes (53) are flush with or slightly concave to the bottom surface of the fermentation tank (11). A control valve (54) is provided on each of the annular perforated aeration pipes (53).

8. The aerobic composting fermentation system based on Moutai distiller's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank (11) further comprises a turner (6), wherein the top of the fermentation tank (11) is open and guide rails (12) are provided on both sides; the turner (6) comprises a turner bracket (61) and a driving wheel (62); the turner bracket (61) is a door-type structure, and the driving wheels (62) are provided at both ends of the turner bracket (61) along the length direction; The fermentation tank (11) has an open top and is provided with guide rails (12) on both sides; the driving wheel (62) moves in coordination with the guide rails (12); a liftable rotary tillage blade group (63) is provided at the bottom of the turning and throwing bracket (61); the rotary tillage blade group (63) is used to turn and throw the organic fertilizer raw materials stacked in the fermentation tank (11).

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