Tri-end sulfonate type surfactant as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fine chemical engineering, in particular to a three-head sulfonate type surfactant as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the three-head sulfonate type surfactant is shown as a formula (I), and surfactants with different foaming properties are obtained by adjusting the number of carbon atoms in a main carbon chain. In the prior art, the sulfonate type surfactant is prepared by adopting chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide as a sulfonation reagent for sulfonation reaction. The three-head sulfonate type surfactant overcomes the defects that the preparation process is complex, the technical difficulty is high, the operation condition is complex, the danger is high and the like. # imgabs0 #

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fine chemicals, and in particular to a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Surfactants, also known as interfacial active agents, are compounds that significantly reduce surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, between a liquid and a gas, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants have an amphiphilic molecular structure: a hydrophilic group at one end and a hydrophobic group at the other. The hydrophilic group is often a polar group, such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, amino, or amine groups and their salts. Hydroxyl groups, amide groups, and ether bonds can also serve as polar hydrophilic groups. The hydrophobic group is often a non-polar hydrocarbon chain, such as one with eight or more carbon atoms. Surfactants can be categorized by their foaming properties as non-foaming, low-foaming, medium-foaming, and high-foaming. Consumers can choose a surfactant based on their specific needs.

[0004] The prior art discloses a variety of non-foaming surfactants, low-foaming surfactants, medium-foaming surfactants and high-foaming surfactants and their preparation methods. However, the inventors found in their research that the foaming properties of the existing surfactants cannot be controlled. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above problems, the present invention provides a tris-sulfonate surfactant and its preparation method and application. In the present invention, surfactants with different foaming properties are obtained by adjusting the number of carbon atoms in the main carbon chain.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a three-headed sulfonate surfactant, the structural formula of the three-headed sulfonate surfactant is shown in formula (I):

[0008]

[0009] In formula (I), n is 12, 14, 16 or 18; and M is Na or K.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned trimeryl sulfonate surfactant, comprising the following steps:

[0011] (1) Adding aliphatic amine, organic solvent I and 1,3-propane sultone into a reactor, mixing and reacting to obtain an intermediate UM-n, the structural formula of the intermediate UM-n is shown in formula (II):

[0012] C n H 2n+1 NHCH2CH2CH2SO3H

[0013] Intermediate UM-n

[0014] Formula (II);

[0015] In formula (II), n is 12, 14, 16 or 18;

[0016] (2) Itaconic acid is added to the intermediate UM-n, and the mixture is mixed to react to obtain the intermediate WM-n. The structural formula of the intermediate WM-n is shown in formula (III):

[0017]

[0018] In formula (III), n is 12, 14, 16 or 18;

[0019] (3) Adding an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide to the intermediate WM-n, mixing and reacting, and obtaining a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant PnM.

[0020] The general reaction formula is:

[0021] (1)

[0022] (2)

[0023] (3)

[0024] In one or more embodiments, in step (1), the fatty amine is dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine or octadecylamine.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, in step (1), the organic solvent I is ethanol and / or isopropanol.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, in step (1), the mass ratio of the fatty amine to the organic solvent I is 1:(3-7).

[0027] In one or more embodiments, in step (1), the temperature of the mixing reaction is 60 to 80° C., and the reaction time is 3 to 5 hours.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the molar ratio of the fatty amine, 1,3-propane sultone, itaconic acid and alkali metal hydroxide is 1:(1.00-1.15):(1.00-1.15):(3.0-3.3).

[0029] In one or more embodiments, in step (2), the temperature of the mixing reaction is 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 3-5 h.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, in step (3), the temperature of the mixing reaction is 60 to 80° C., and the reaction time is 0.5 to 1.5 h.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, in step (3), the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solution is 27-40%.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, in step (3), after the mixing reaction, the step further includes: evaporating the organic solvent I and water, and re-crystallizing and purifying the mixture 2 to 4 times using the organic solvent II.

[0033] Preferably, the organic solvent II includes petroleum ether, methanol or ethyl acetate.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, the method for preparing the trimeryl sulfonate surfactant comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Add a fatty amine to a reactor, then add an organic solvent I, heat and stir to dissolve, then add 1,3-propane sultone in 5 to 7 batches. After the addition is complete, stir and react at 60 to 80° C. for 3 to 5 hours to obtain the intermediate UM-n;

[0036] (2) Add itaconic acid to the intermediate UM-n in 5 to 7 batches. After the addition is complete, stir and react at 60 to 80°C for 3 to 5 hours to obtain the intermediate WM-n;

[0037] (3) An aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide having a mass concentration of 27-40% is added to the intermediate WM-n in 5-7 batches. After the addition is completed, the reaction is stirred at 60-80°C for 0.5-1.5 hours, the organic solvent I and water are evaporated, and the organic solvent II is used for recrystallization, separation and purification 2-4 times to obtain a tris-caprolactone sulfonate surfactant PnM.

[0038] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned three-headed group sulfonate type surfactant as a high-foaming surfactant when n=12; as a medium-foaming surfactant when n=14 or 16; and as a low-foaming surfactant when n=18.

[0039] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned trimeryl sulfonate surfactant as an emulsifier.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] (1) In the present invention, surfactants with different foaming properties are obtained by adjusting the number of carbon atoms in the main carbon chain. As the carbon chain length increases, the foaming performance generally decreases. This is probably due to the interaction between the different carbon chain lengths and the three hydrophilic head groups (sulfonate group and carboxylate group).

[0042] (2) The raw materials of the trisulphonate surfactant of the present invention are cheap and widely available, and the production cost is low.

[0043] (3) Currently, sulfonate surfactants are often prepared using chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, or sulfur trioxide as sulfonation reagents. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of a complex preparation process, high technical difficulty, complicated operating conditions, and high risk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0045] Figure 1 This is the infrared image of the pure product P-12-Na in Example 1; peak 1 is at 2920 cm -1 Peak 2 is 2850cm -1 Peak 3 is 1645cm -1 Peak 4 is 1570cm -1 Peak 5 is 1471cm -1 Peak 6 is 1390cm -1 Peak 7 is 1218cm -1 、peak 8 is 1180cm -1 Peak 9 is 1066cm -1 Peak 10 is 721cm -1 and peak 11 is 600cm -1 ;

[0046] Figure 2 This is the infrared image of the pure product P-14-Na in Example 2; peak 1 is 2918 cm -1 Peak 2 is 2850cm -1 Peak 3 is 1645cm -1Peak 4 is 1570cm -1 Peak 5 is 1471cm -1 Peak 6 is 1394cm -1 Peak 7 is 1218cm -1 Peak 8 is 1182cm -1 Peak 9 is 1066cm -1 Peak 10 is 1043cm -1 Peak 11 is 785cm -1 Peak 12 is 719cm -1 and peak 13 is 601cm -1 ;

[0047] Figure 3 This is the infrared image of the pure product P-16-Na in Example 3; peak 1 is 2916 cm -1 Peak 2 is 2850cm -1 Peak 3 is 1645cm -1 Peak 4 is 1571cm -1 Peak 5 is 1471cm -1 Peak 6 is 1382cm -1 Peak 7 is 1218cm -1 Peak 8 is 1164cm -1 Peak 9 is 1066cm -1 Peak 10 is 1045cm -1 Peak 11 is 1030cm -1 Peak 12 is 785cm -1 Peak 13 is 719cm -1 and peak 14 is 601cm -1 ;

[0048] Figure 4 This is the infrared image of the pure product P-18-Na in Example 4; peak 1 is 2918 cm -1 Peak 2 is 2848cm -1 Peak 3 is 1647cm -1 Peak 4 is 1577cm -1 Peak 5 is 1470cm -1 Peak 6 is 1386cm -1 Peak 7 is 1218cm -1 Peak 8 is 1164cm -1Peak 9 is 1066cm -1 Peak 10 is 1040cm -1 Peak 11 is 719cm -1 and peak 12 is 613cm -1 ;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the surface tension and concentration of the pure product P-12-Na from Example 1;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the surface tension and concentration of the pure product P-14-Na from Example 2;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the surface tension and concentration of the pure product P-16-Na from Example 3;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the surface tension and concentration of the pure product P-18-Na of Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0054] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Preparation of trisulphonate surfactant (P-12-Na):

[0057] (1) Add 185.35 g of dodecylamine and 1100 g of isopropanol to a reactor, heat and stir, add 124.6 g of 1,3-propane sultone in 6 batches, and stir and react at 75 ° C for 4 h to obtain intermediate UM-12;

[0058] (2) 134.0 g of itaconic acid was added to the intermediate UM-12 in 6 batches and stirred at 75°C for 4 h to obtain the intermediate WM-12;

[0059] (3) 384.0 g of a 33.3% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the intermediate WM-12 in 6 batches, and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 1 h to obtain a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant product (P-12-Na).

[0060] The above product (P-12-Na) was evaporated to remove isopropyl alcohol and water, and was purified by recrystallization with methanol three times to obtain a pure product of a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant (P-12-Na).

[0061] Infrared spectrum analysis of pure product (P-12-Na) (such as Figure 1 (shown): 2920cm -1 (peak 1) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of methylene, 2850 cm -1 (peak 2) is the symmetrical stretching vibration peak of methylene, 1645 cm -1 (peak 3) is the carboxylate C=O stretching vibration absorption peak, 1570 cm -1 (peak 4) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of CO, 1471 cm -1 (peak 5) is the asymmetric bending vibration of methylene, 1390 cm -1 (peak 6) is the symmetrical bending vibration of methylene, 1218 cm -1 (peak 7) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of CN, 1180 cm -1 (peak 8) is the symmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1066 cm -1 (peak 9) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 721 cm -1 (peak 10) is the in-plane rocking vibration of methylene, 600 cm -1 (peak 11) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of SO.

[0062] The reaction equation is:

[0063] (1)

[0064] (2)

[0065] (3)

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Preparation of trisulphonate surfactant (P-14-Na):

[0068] (1) Add 213.4 g of tetradecylamine and 1100 g of isopropanol to a reactor, heat and stir, add 124.6 g of 1,3-propane sultone in 6 batches, and stir and react at 75°C for 4 h to obtain intermediate UM-14;

[0069] (2) 134.0 g of itaconic acid was added to the intermediate UM-14 in 6 batches and stirred at 75°C for 4 h to obtain the intermediate WM-14;

[0070] (3) 384.0 g of a 33.3% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the intermediate WM-14 in 6 batches, and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 1 h to obtain a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant product (P-14-Na).

[0071] The above product (P-14-Na) was evaporated to remove isopropyl alcohol and water, and was purified by recrystallization with methanol three times to obtain a pure product of a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant (P-14-Na).

[0072] Infrared spectrum analysis of pure product (P-14-Na) (such as Figure 2 (as shown): 2918cm -1 (peak 1) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of methylene, 2850 cm -1 (peak 2) is the symmetrical stretching vibration peak of methylene, 1645 cm -1 (peak 3) is the carboxylate C=O stretching vibration absorption peak, 1570 cm -1 (peak 4) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of CO, 1471 cm -1 (peak 5) is the asymmetric bending vibration of methylene, 1394 cm -1 (peak 6) is the symmetrical bending vibration of methylene, 1218 cm -1 (peak 7) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of CN, 1182 cm -1 (peak 8) is the symmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1066 cm -1 (peak 9) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1043 cm -1 (peak 10) is the stretching vibration peak of CO, 785 cm -1 (peak 11) is the methylene out-of-plane bending vibration absorption peak, 719 cm -1 (peak 12) is the in-plane rocking vibration of the methylene group, 601 cm -1 (peak 13) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of SO.

[0073] The reaction equation is:

[0074] (1)

[0075] (2)

[0076] (3)

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Preparation of trisulphonate surfactant (P-16-Na):

[0079] (1) Add 241.46 g of hexadecylamine and 1100 g of isopropanol to a reactor, heat and stir, add 124.6 g of 1,3-propane sultone in 6 batches, and stir and react at 75°C for 4 h to obtain intermediate UM-16;

[0080] (2) 134.0 g of itaconic acid was added to the intermediate UM-16 in 6 batches and stirred at 75°C for 4 h to obtain the intermediate WM-16;

[0081] (3) 384.0 g of a 33.3% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the intermediate WM-16 in 6 batches, and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 1 h to obtain a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant product (P-16-Na).

[0082] The above product (P-16-Na) was evaporated to remove isopropyl alcohol and water, and was purified by recrystallization with methanol three times to obtain a pure product of a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant (P-16-Na).

[0083] Infrared spectrum analysis of pure product (P-16-Na) (such as Figure 3 (shown): 2916cm -1 (peak 1) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of methylene, 2850 cm -1 (peak 2) is the symmetrical stretching vibration peak of methylene, 1645 cm -1 (peak 3) is the carboxylate C=O stretching vibration absorption peak, 1571 cm -1 (peak 4) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of CO, 1471 cm -1 (peak 5) is the asymmetric bending vibration of methylene, 1382 cm -1 (peak 6) is the symmetrical bending vibration of methylene, 1218 cm -1 (peak 7) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of CN, 1164 cm -1 (peak 8) is the symmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1066 cm -1(peak 9) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1045 cm -1 (peak 10) is the stretching vibration peak of CO, 1030 cm -1 (peak 11) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 785 cm -1 (peak 12) is the methylene out-of-plane bending vibration absorption peak, 719 cm -1 (peak 13) is the in-plane rocking vibration of the methylene group, 601 cm -1 (peak 14) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of SO.

[0084] The reaction equation is:

[0085] (1)

[0086] (2)

[0087] (3)

[0088] Example 4

[0089] Preparation of trisulphonate surfactant (P-18-Na):

[0090] (1) Add 269.51 g of octadecylamine and 1100 g of isopropanol to a reactor, heat and stir, add 124.6 g of 1,3-propane sultone in 6 batches, and stir and react at 75°C for 4 h to obtain intermediate UM-18;

[0091] (2) 134.0 g of itaconic acid was added to the intermediate UM-18 in 6 batches and stirred at 75°C for 4 h to obtain the intermediate WM-18;

[0092] (3) 384.0 g of a 33.3% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the intermediate WM-18 in 6 batches, and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 1 h to obtain a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant product (P-18-Na).

[0093] The above product (P-18-Na) was evaporated to remove isopropyl alcohol and water, and was purified by recrystallization with methanol three times to obtain a pure product of a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant (P-18-Na).

[0094] Infrared spectrum analysis of pure product (P-18-Na) (such as Figure 4 (as shown): 2918cm -1 (peak 1) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of methylene, 2848 cm -1(peak 2) is the symmetrical stretching vibration peak of methylene, 1647 cm -1 (peak 3) is the carboxylate C=O stretching vibration absorption peak, 1577 cm -1 (peak 4) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of CO, 1470 cm -1 (peak 5) is the asymmetric bending vibration of methylene, 1386 cm -1 (peak 6) is the symmetrical bending vibration of methylene, 1218 cm -1 (peak 7) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of CN, 1164 cm -1 (peak 8) is the symmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1066 cm -1 (peak 9) is the asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of sulfonic acid group S=O, 1040 cm -1 (peak 10) is the stretching vibration peak of CO, 719 cm -1 (peak 11) is the in-plane rocking vibration of the methylene group, 613 cm -1 (peak 12) is the stretching vibration absorption peak of SO.

[0095] Reaction equation:

[0096] (1)

[0097] (2)

[0098] (3)

[0099] Experimental Example 1

[0100] Determination of the foam suppression performance of the trimeryl sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na prepared in Examples 1 to 4: 10 ml of a 0.5% (w / w) aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LBS) and a certain amount of trimeryl sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na were poured into a 100 ml stoppered graduated cylinder. The cylinder was stoppered and vigorously shaken 20 times. The foam volume (V1) was recorded. The foam suppression value (X) indicates the foam suppression ability of the sample.

[0101] X=(V0-V1) / V0

[0102] Wherein, V0 is the foam volume after shaking in the blank experiment (mL); V1 is the foam volume after shaking when the trimeryl sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na are added (mL).

[0103] The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that when the addition amount of OP-10 is 0.05 to 0.1 g, the foam suppression value is 0.05. The pure product of the trisulphonate surfactant P-18-Na prepared in Example 4 of the present invention has a foam suppression value of more than 0.52, indicating that it has good foam suppression performance.

[0104] Table 1 Antifoaming performance (purified samples)

[0105]

[0106] Experimental Example 2

[0107] Determination of the emulsifying ability of the pure products of the trimeryl sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na prepared in Examples 1 to 4: Take 20 ml of a 0.1% (w / w) aqueous solution of the pure products of the trimeryl sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na or an aqueous solution of OP-10 (industrial product) and 20 ml of liquid paraffin, pour them into a 100 ml stoppered graduated cylinder, plug the stopper, shake vigorously 5 times, let it stand for 1 minute, repeat 5 times, and record the time it takes to separate 10 mL of water.

[0108] The results are shown in Table 2. Since OP-10 surfactant is recognized as one of the surfactants with the best emulsification performance, it can be seen that the three-headed sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na prepared in Examples 1 to 4 have better emulsification ability.

[0109] Table 2 Emulsifying ability (purified samples)

[0110] product Water separation time (s) P-12-Na 261 P-14-Na 351 P-16-Na 345 P-18-Na 492 OP-10 684

[0111] Experimental Example 3

[0112] Determination of foaming and foam stability of pure products of the trisulphonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na synthesized in Examples 1 to 4: Prepare 150 mL of a sample aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.001 mol / L. Take 20 mL of the sample and place it in a 100 mL stoppered graduated cylinder. Keep the mixture at 25°C for 15 minutes. Shake it 20 times and let it stand. Record the initial volume of the foam (Q0), the volume after 5 minutes (Q5), and the time it takes for the foam volume to become half of the initial volume (t 1 / 2 ).

[0113] The results are shown in Table 3. Compared with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the foaming property of the three-headed sulfonate surfactant P-12-Na prepared in Example 1 is higher (82 mL) and the foaming property is better, and it is a high-foaming surfactant. The foaming properties of the three-headed sulfonate surfactants P-14-Na and P-16-Na prepared in Examples 2 and 3 are intermediate (36-47 mL) and the foaming property is better, and it is a medium-foaming surfactant. The foaming property of the three-headed sulfonate surfactant P-18-Na prepared in Example 4 is lower (10 mL) and the foaming property is better, and it is a low-foaming surfactant.

[0114] Table 3 Foamability and foam stability (purified samples)

[0115]

[0116] Experimental Example 4

[0117] Surface tension measurement of the three-headed sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na prepared in Examples 1 to 4: The surface tension of the aqueous solutions of the three-headed sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na was measured to obtain a surface tension (γ)-log c curve (see Figures 5 to 8 ), and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension under CMC conditions (γ CMC ), C 20 、pC 20 and CMC / C 20 The results are shown in Table 4. It can be concluded from Table 4 that the surface properties of the three-headed base sulfonate surfactants P-12-Na to P-18-Na prepared in Examples 1 to 4 are better.

[0118] Table 4 Surface properties of each product (purified samples)

[0119] product <![CDATA[CMC(mol·L -1 )]]> <![CDATA[γ CMC (mN·m -1 )]]> <![CDATA[C 20 (mol·L -1 )]]> <![CDATA[pC 20 ]]> <![CDATA[CMC / C 20 ]]> P-12-Na <![CDATA[2.99×10 -4 ]]> 46.7 <![CDATA[1.35×10 -4 ]]> 3.87 2.21 P-14-Na <![CDATA[2.26×10 -4 ]]> 50.3 <![CDATA[1.13×10 -4 ]]> 3.95 2.00 P-16-Na <![CDATA[1.63×10 -4 ]]> 45.8 <![CDATA[4.00×10 -5 ]]> 4.40 4.08 P-18-Na <![CDATA[1.42×10 -4 ]]> 52.6 <![CDATA[1.59×10 -4 ]]> 3.80 0.89

[0120] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-headed group sulfonate type surfactant, characterized in that, The structural formula of the trisulphonate surfactant is shown in formula (I): In formula (I), n is 12, 14, 16 or 18; and M is Na or K.

2. The method for preparing a trisulphonate surfactant according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are involved: (1) Adding aliphatic amine, organic solvent I and 1,3-propane sultone into a reactor, mixing and reacting to obtain an intermediate UM-n, the structural formula of the intermediate UM-n is shown in formula (II): CnH2n+1NHCH2CHCH2SO3H Intermediate UM-n Formula (II); In formula (II), n is 12, 14, 16 or 18; (2) Add itaconic acid to the intermediate UM-n, mix and react to obtain the intermediate WM-n. The structural formula of the intermediate WM-n is shown in formula (III): In formula (III), n is 12, 14, 16 or 18; (3) Adding an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide to the intermediate WM-n, mixing and reacting, and obtaining a trimeryl sulfonate surfactant PnM.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the fatty amine is dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine or octadecylamine.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the organic solvent I is ethanol and / or isopropanol; Alternatively, in step (1), the mass ratio of the fatty amine to the organic solvent I is 1:(3-7).

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the temperature of the mixed reaction is 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 3-5 h; Alternatively, in step (2), the temperature of the mixed reaction is 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 3-5 h; Alternatively, in step (3), the temperature of the mixed reaction is 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 0.5-1.5 h.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein The molar ratio of the fatty amine, 1,3-propane sultone, itaconic acid and alkali metal hydroxide is 1:(1.00-1.15):(1.00-1.15):(3.0-3.3); Alternatively, in step (3), the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solution is 27-40%.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In step (3), after the mixing reaction, the step further comprises: evaporating the organic solvent I and water, and purifying the mixture by recrystallization with the organic solvent II 2 to 4 times; Preferably, the organic solvent II includes petroleum ether, methanol or ethyl acetate.

8. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein The preparation method of the trisulphonate surfactant comprises the following steps: (1) Add a fatty amine to a reactor, then add an organic solvent I, heat and stir to dissolve, then add 1,3-propane sultone in 5 to 7 batches. After the addition is complete, stir and react at 60 to 80° C. for 3 to 5 hours to obtain the intermediate UM-n; (2) Add itaconic acid to the intermediate UM-n in 5 to 7 batches. After the addition is complete, stir and react at 60 to 80°C for 3 to 5 hours to obtain the intermediate WM-n; (3) An aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide having a mass concentration of 27-40% is added to the intermediate WM-n in 5-7 batches. After the addition is completed, the reaction is stirred at 60-80°C for 0.5-1.5 hours, the organic solvent I and water are evaporated, and the organic solvent II is used for recrystallization, separation and purification 2-4 times to obtain a tris-caprolactone sulfonate surfactant PnM.

9. The trisulphonate surfactant according to claim 1, which is used as a high-foaming surfactant when n=12; as a medium-foaming surfactant when n=14 or 16; and as a low-foaming surfactant when n=18.

10. Use of the trimeryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 1 as an emulsifier.

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