Method for acquiring solar energy by simulating sunflowers to track sun

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for acquiring solar energy by simulating a sunflower to track the sun, and relates to the technical field of solar energy acquisition direction control, comprising the following steps: installing and starting a solar energy tracking device; the light spot acquisition part acquires light spot information; calculating the real-time azimuth of the sun according to the light spot information; the control part controls the driving part to enable the solar tracking device to adjust the rotation and pitching angles of the solar lighting part according to the real-time azimuth of the sun; sunlight is collected through the container with the light hole in the top and the photosensitive sensor arranged at the bottom in the container, the oval light spots are collected, all parameters of the oval light spots are calculated, adjustment parameters of the rotation angle and the pitching angle of the lighting part are determined through all parameters of the oval light spots, and the lighting effect is improved. Therefore, the lighting part can be accurately controlled to track the sun to move, the control precision of the solar equipment is improved, and the utilization and conversion rate of solar energy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy acquisition direction control, and in particular to a method for obtaining solar energy by imitating sunflowers and tracking the sun. Background Art

[0002] Solar energy devices are often used to power satellites and spacecraft, as well as on the roofs of eco-friendly cars and to power spacecraft. Solar lighting and heating are also common. If solar energy devices could be made to follow the movement of the sun, like sunflowers, they could capture even more solar energy, which would be crucial for fully utilizing solar energy.

[0003] Currently, existing solar devices track the movement of the sun. However, most use photosensors to detect light intensity and adjust the device's position based on the resistance change reported by the photosensors. However, photosensors are nonlinear sensors, and controlling the solar device solely based on their resistance change characteristics results in poor control accuracy, making it difficult to achieve ideal tracking results. Therefore, a method for tracking the sun and obtaining solar energy, similar to sunflowers, is needed to address this issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for tracking the sun and obtaining solar energy by imitating a sunflower, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art mentioned in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The method for simulating sunflowers to track the sun and obtain solar energy includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Install and turn on the solar tracking device;

[0008] S2: The light spot acquisition part collects light spot information;

[0009] S3: Calculate the real-time position of the sun based on the spot information;

[0010] S4: The control part controls the driving part to make the solar tracking device adjust the rotation and pitch angles of the solar lighting part according to the real-time position of the sun.

[0011] Preferably, in S1, the solar tracking device includes a light spot collection part, a lighting part, a driving part and a control part. The light spot collection part is used to collect solar spot information for positioning the sun's position. The lighting part is a photovoltaic panel assembly. The driving part is used to drive the direction adjustment of the lighting part. The control part is used to calculate and process the light spot information and control the movement of the driving part.

[0012] Preferably, in S2, the light spot collecting part collects the solar light spot using a photosensor, and a color-changing convex lens is used above the photosensor to focus the light.

[0013] Preferably, in S3, the specific steps of calculating the real-time position of the sun according to the light spot information are:

[0014] S31: Establish the general equation for the elliptical spot;

[0015] S32: using the least square method to process the discrete points on the edge of the elliptical spot to obtain the coefficients in the elliptical spot equation;

[0016] S33: Find the center, major axis, minor axis, and inclination parameters of an ellipse based on the general equation of an ellipse;

[0017] S34: Obtaining the azimuth angle of the sunlight according to the obtained elliptical parameters of the edge of the elliptical spot.

[0018] Preferably, the specific steps of S31 are:

[0019] The standard equation of an ellipse is Suppose the ellipse is translated to the right by m units and to the top by n units. According to the parallel axis formula The equation of the ellipse after translation is:

[0020]

[0021] Assume that the standard ellipse is rotated counterclockwise by an angle α. According to the axis formula The equation of the rotated ellipse is:

[0022]

[0023] From the parallel axis shift and rotation axis formula, we can get: the coordinate transformation formula with both translation and rotation is:

[0024]

[0025] Substituting the above formula into the standard equation of an ellipse, we get the equation of the ellipse after translation m, n and rotation angle α:

[0026]

[0027] From the above formula, the general equation of the ellipse is:

[0028] Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0 (5).

[0029] Preferably, the specific steps of S32 are:

[0030] Since each point on the ellipse meets the conditions Therefore, each coefficient can be determined by finding the minimum value of the objective function formula (6);

[0031]

[0032] According to the extreme value principle, in order to minimize the value of f(A, B, C, D, E, F), the relationship shown in formula (7) must be met:

[0033]

[0034] This gives us a system of linear equations. By solving the system of linear equations, we can find the values of coefficients A, B, C, D, E, and F, and then find the major axis 2a, minor axis 2b, and area πab of the ellipse. Through mathematical deduction, the geometric center of the ellipse is calculated using formula (8):

[0035]

[0036] The major axis a and minor axis b of the ellipse are calculated by formula (9):

[0037]

[0038] When A≠C, the angle θ between the major axis of the ellipse and the X-axis of the coordinate system is calculated as:

[0039]

[0040] When A=C, the angle θ between the major axis of the ellipse and the X-axis of the coordinate system is:

[0041]

[0042] Through the above method, the parameters of the fitted ellipse are obtained.

[0043] Preferably, the specific steps of S33 are:

[0044] The general equation of an ellipse is shown in formula (12):

[0045] Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0 (12)

[0046] According to the general equation of an ellipse, find the center, major axis, minor axis, and inclination of the ellipse:

[0047] X c , Y c Represent the coordinates of the center of the ellipse, and the ellipse equation is transformed into:

[0048] A(xX c) 2 +B(xX c )(yY c )+C(yY c ) 2 =F * (13)

[0049] Let F in the above formula * for:

[0050]

[0051] We can get:

[0052]

[0053] Formula (15) is consistent with the general equation of the ellipse. The quadratic term, linear term, and constant term of the two are

[0054] Should be equal, comparing the coefficients of the first-order terms of x and y, we get:

[0055]

[0056] Solving the above equation, we can get the geometric center of the ellipse as:

[0057]

[0058] Geometrically, the necessary and sufficient conditions for equation (12) to be elliptical are:

[0059] A>0,C>0,4AC-B 2 >0,F * >0 (18)

[0060] Write formula (12) in quadratic form:

[0061]

[0062] in:

[0063]

[0064] Matrix of quadratic form The eigenvalues of are:

[0065]

[0066] When θ represents an angle, the corresponding eigenvector can be expressed as:

[0067]

[0068] 1) When B≠0:

[0069]

[0070] 2) When B = 0 and A > C:

[0071]

[0072] At this time, λ1 = C, λ2 = A,

[0073] 3) When B = 0 and A < C,

[0074]

[0075] At this time, λ1 = A, λ2 = C, θ = 0;

[0076] When B = 0 and A = C:

[0077] λ1 = λ2 = A, and the ellipse degenerates into a circle;

[0078] Let

[0079]

[0080] Then, equation (12) can be transformed into formula (27):

[0081] λ1u 2 + λv 2 = F * (27)

[0082] That is

[0083] Where

[0084]

[0085] Moreover, a > b > 0 are the lengths of the major semi - axis and minor semi - axis of the ellipse;

[0086] The direction vector of the line where the major axis lies is:

[0087]

[0088] sinθ ≥ 0 in equation (23) indicates that θ here is the angle between the major axis and the positive direction of the X - axis (major - axis inclination angle), and this angle is determined by equation (23). In equation (23), when A = C, there is At this time:

[0089]

[0090] When A ≠ C, there is

[0091]

[0092] Obtain the center, major and minor axes, and inclination parameters of the ellipse.

[0093] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0094] The present invention utilizes a container with a light-transmitting hole on the top and a photosensor provided at the bottom of the container to collect sunlight and collect an elliptical light spot. By calculating various parameters of the elliptical light spot, the adjustment parameters of the rotation and pitch angles of the lighting part are determined using the various parameters of the elliptical light spot, thereby being able to accurately control the lighting part to track the sun's movement, thereby improving the control accuracy of the solar energy equipment and thus improving the utilization conversion rate of solar energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0095] Figure 1 4 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0096] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the solar tracking device in the present invention.

[0097] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the light spot acquisition part in the present invention collecting light spot information. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0098] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0099] See also Figure 1-3 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0100] The method for simulating sunflowers to track the sun and obtain solar energy includes the following steps:

[0101] S1: Install and start the solar tracking device; the solar tracking device includes a spot collection part, a lighting part, a driving part and a control part. The spot collection part is used to collect solar spot information for locating the sun's position. The lighting part is a photovoltaic panel assembly. The driving part is used to drive the direction adjustment of the lighting part. The control part is used to calculate and process the spot information and control the movement of the driving part. Figure 2 As shown, the rectangular frame is the light-collecting part, which can rotate with two degrees of freedom relative to the fixed frame, thereby enabling the light-collecting part to track the movement of the sun in real time.

[0102] S2: The light spot collection part collects light spot information; the light spot collection part uses a photosensor to collect the sunlight spot, and a color-changing convex lens is used above the photosensor to focus the light. The convex lens has a focusing function. Even when the light is relatively weak, due to the focusing function of the convex lens, it can ensure that the photosensor on the bottom of the container receives sufficient light; in addition, the convex lens should also be color-changing. When the sunlight is very strong, the color of the convex lens automatically becomes darker, and the intensity of the light that can pass through becomes weaker. This design can prevent strong light from passing through the convex lens and burning the photosensor on the bottom of the container, and automatically protect the photosensor; Figure 3 As shown, the light spot collection part includes a container and a photosensor on the bottom of the container. Sunlight passes through the hole on the container wall and shines on the photosensor, forming an elliptical light spot.

[0103] S3: Calculate the real-time position of the sun based on the spot information. The specific steps are as follows:

[0104] S31: Establish the general equation of the elliptical spot. The specific steps are:

[0105] The standard equation of an ellipse is Suppose the ellipse is translated to the right by m units and to the top by n units.

[0106] units, according to the parallel axis formula The equation of the ellipse after translation is:

[0107]

[0108] Assume that the standard ellipse is rotated counterclockwise by an angle α. According to the axis formula The equation of the rotated ellipse is:

[0109]

[0110] From the parallel axis shift and rotation axis formula, we can get: the coordinate transformation formula with both translation and rotation is:

[0111]

[0112] Substituting the above formula into the standard equation of an ellipse, we get the equation of the ellipse after translation m, n and rotation angle α:

[0113]

[0114] From the above formula, the general equation of the ellipse is:

[0115] Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0 (5).

[0116] S32: Using the least square method to process the discrete points on the edge of the elliptical spot, to obtain the coefficients in the elliptical spot equation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0117] Since each point on the ellipse meets the conditions Therefore, each coefficient can be determined by finding the minimum value of the objective function formula (6);

[0118]

[0119] According to the extreme value principle, in order to minimize the value of f(A, B, C, D, E, F), the relationship shown in formula (7) must be met:

[0120]

[0121] This gives us a system of linear equations. By solving the system of linear equations, we can find the values of coefficients A, B, C, D, E, and F, and then find the major axis 2a, minor axis 2b, and area πab of the ellipse. Through mathematical deduction, the geometric center of the ellipse is calculated using formula (8):

[0122]

[0123] The major axis a and minor axis b of the ellipse are calculated by formula (9):

[0124]

[0125] When A≠C, the angle θ between the major axis of the ellipse and the X-axis of the coordinate system is calculated as:

[0126]

[0127] When A=C, the angle θ between the major axis of the ellipse and the X-axis of the coordinate system is:

[0128]

[0129] Through the above method, the parameters of the fitted ellipse are obtained.

[0130] S33: Calculate the center, major axis, minor axis, and inclination parameters of the ellipse according to the general equation of the ellipse. The specific steps are as follows:

[0131] The general equation of an ellipse is shown in formula (12):

[0132] Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0 (12)

[0133] According to the general equation of an ellipse, find the center, major axis, minor axis, and inclination of the ellipse:

[0134] Xc , Y c Represent the coordinates of the center of the ellipse, and the ellipse equation is transformed into:

[0135] A(xX c ) 2 +B(xX c )(yY c )+C(yY c ) 2 =F * (13)

[0136] Let F in the above formula * for:

[0137]

[0138] We can get:

[0139]

[0140] Formula (15) is consistent with the general equation of the ellipse. The quadratic term, linear term, and constant term of the two are

[0141] Should be equal, comparing the coefficients of the first-order terms of x and y, we get:

[0142]

[0143] Solving the above equation, we can get the geometric center of the ellipse as:

[0144]

[0145] Geometrically, the necessary and sufficient conditions for equation (12) to be elliptical are:

[0146] A>0,C>0,4AC-B 2 >0,F * >0 (18)

[0147] Write formula (12) in quadratic form:

[0148]

[0149] in:

[0150]

[0151] Matrix of quadratic form The eigenvalues of are:

[0152]

[0153] When θ represents an angle, the corresponding eigenvector can be expressed as:

[0154]

[0155] 1) When B≠0:

[0156]

[0157] 2) When B = 0 and A > C:

[0158]

[0159] At this time, λ1 = C, λ2 = A,

[0160] 3) When B = 0 and A < C,

[0161]

[0162] At this time, λ1 = A, λ2 = C, θ = 0;

[0163] When B = 0, A = C:

[0164] λ1 = λ2 = A, and the ellipse degenerates into a circle;

[0165] Let

[0166]

[0167] Then equation (12) can be transformed into formula (27):

[0168] λ1u 2 + λv 2 = F * (27)

[0169] That is

[0170] Among them,

[0171]

[0172] And, a > b > 0 are the lengths of the major semi - axis and minor semi - axis of the ellipse;

[0173] The direction vector of the line where the major axis lies is:

[0174]

[0175] sinθ ≥ 0 in formula (23) indicates that θ here is the angle between the major axis and the positive direction of the X - axis (major axis inclination angle), and this angle is determined by formula (23). In formula (23), when A = C, there is At this time:

[0176]

[0177] When A≠C, we have

[0178]

[0179] Obtain the center, major and minor axes, and inclination parameters of the ellipse.

[0180] S34: Obtaining the azimuth angle of the sunlight according to the obtained elliptical parameters of the edge of the elliptical spot.

[0181] S4: The control part controls the driving part to make the solar tracking device adjust the rotation and pitch angles of the solar lighting part according to the real-time position of the sun, so that the lighting part can always obtain the maximum solar energy utilization rate.

[0182] The present invention calculates various parameters of the collected elliptical light spot and determines the adjustment parameters of the rotation and pitch angles of the lighting part through the various parameters of the elliptical light spot, thereby being able to accurately control the lighting part to track the sun and improve the utilization conversion rate of solar energy.

[0183] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining solar energy by imitating a sunflower and tracking the sun, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Install and start the solar tracking device; S2: The spot collection part collects spot information; S3: Calculate the real-time azimuth of the sun according to the spot information; S4: The control part controls the driving part to make the solar tracking device adjust the rotation and pitching angles of the solar lighting part according to the real-time azimuth of the sun.

2. The method for imitating sunflowers and tracking the sun to obtain solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the solar tracking device includes a spot collection part, a lighting part, a driving part and a control part. The spot collection part is used to collect sunlight spot information for positioning the sun position. The lighting part is a photovoltaic panel assembly. The driving part is used to drive the direction adjustment of the lighting part. The control part is used to calculate and process the spot information and control the movement of the driving part.

3. The method for imitating a sunflower and tracking the sun to obtain solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the spot collection part uses a photosensitive sensor to collect the sunlight spot, and a variable-color convex lens is used for light concentration above the photosensitive sensor.

4. The method for imitating sunflowers and tracking the sun to obtain solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the specific steps for calculating the real-time azimuth of the sun according to the spot information are as follows: S31: Establish the general equation of the elliptical spot; S32: Use the least squares method to process the discrete points on the edge of the elliptical spot to obtain the coefficients in the elliptical spot equation; S33: Calculate the center, major axis, minor axis, and inclination angle parameters of the ellipse according to the general equation of the ellipse; S34: Obtain the azimuth angle of the sun ray according to the ellipse parameters of the obtained elliptical spot edge.

5. The method for imitating sunflowers and tracking the sun to obtain solar energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of S31 are as follows: The standard equation of an ellipse is Suppose the ellipse is translated to the right by m units and to the top by n units. According to the parallel axis formula The equation of the ellipse after translation is: Assume that the standard ellipse is rotated counterclockwise by an angle α. According to the axis formula The equation of the rotated ellipse is: From the parallel axis translation and rotation axis formulas, it can be obtained that the coordinate transformation formula with both translation and rotation is: Substitute the above formula into the standard equation of the ellipse, and the equation after the ellipse is translated by m, n and rotated by α angle is: From the above formula, the general equation of the ellipse can be obtained as: Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0 (5)。 6. The method for imitating sunflowers and tracking the sun to obtain solar energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of S32 are as follows: Since each point on the ellipse meets the conditions Therefore, each coefficient can be determined by finding the minimum value of the objective function formula (6); According to the extreme value principle, to make the value of f(A, B, C, D, E, F) the smallest, there must be the relationship shown in formula (7): From this, a linear equation system can be obtained. Then, by solving the linear equation system, the values of the coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F can be obtained, and further the major axis 2a, minor axis 2b, and area πab of the ellipse can be calculated. Through mathematical derivation, the geometric center of the ellipse is calculated by formula (8): The major axis a and minor axis b of the ellipse are calculated by formula (9): When A≠C, the calculation formula for the angle θ between the major axis of the ellipse and the X axis of the coordinate system is: When A = C, the angle θ between the major axis of the ellipse and the X axis of the coordinate system is: Through the above method, the parameters of the fitted ellipse are obtained.

7. The method for simulating sunflowers to track the sun and obtain solar energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of S33 are as follows: The general equation of the ellipse is as shown in formula (12): Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0 (12) Calculate the center, major axis, minor axis, and inclination of the ellipse according to the general equation of the ellipse: X c , Y c Represent the coordinates of the center of the ellipse, and the ellipse equation is transformed into: A(x-X c ) 2 +B(x-X c )(y-Y c )+C(y-Y c ) 2 =F * (13) Let F in the above formula * for: It can be obtained that: Formula (15) is consistent with the general equation of the ellipse, and their quadratic terms, linear terms, and constant terms should be equal. Comparing the coefficients of the x and y linear terms, we get: Solve the above formula to obtain the geometric center of the ellipse as: Geometrically, the sufficient and necessary condition for equation (12) to be an ellipse is: A>0,C>0,4AC-B 2 >0,F * >0 (18) Write formula (12) in the quadratic form: Among them: Matrix of quadratic form The eigenvalues of are: When θ represents an angle, the corresponding eigenvector can be expressed as: 1) When B≠0: 2) When B = 0 and A>C: At this time, λ1=C, λ2=A, 3) When B = 0 and A<C, At this time, λ1 = A, λ2 = C, θ = 0; When B = 0, A = C: λ1=λ2=A, the ellipse degenerates into a circle; make Then formula (12) can be transformed into formula (27): λ1u 2 +λv 2 =F * (27) Right now in, Moreover, a>b>0 is the length of the major and minor axes of the ellipse; The direction vector of the line where the major axis lies is: In formula (23), sinθ≥0 indicates that θ is the angle between the major axis and the positive direction of the X axis (major axis inclination angle). This angle is determined by formula (23). In formula (23), when A=C, we have at this time: When A≠C, we have Obtain the center, major and minor axes, and inclination parameters of the ellipse.

Images