Methods and apparatus for estimating landslide volume

Abstract

This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for estimating landslide volume, relating to the field of surveying and mapping technology. The method includes: performing boundary identification on landslide remote sensing images to obtain landslide vector boundaries, thus obtaining a landslide orthographic projection surface; determining the target area, length, and width of the landslide target based on the orthographic projection surface, and determining the target aspect ratio based on the target length and width; generating a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target area and aspect ratio; and estimating the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, target area, and target width. This technical solution allows for rapid estimation of landslide volume.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of surveying and mapping technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for estimating landslide volume. Background Technology

[0002] Landslide volume is an important parameter for landslide hazard assessment. After a landslide occurs, timely and effective estimation of the landslide volume and selection of appropriate prevention and control measures based on the volume scale can effectively reduce the economic losses and casualties caused by the landslide.

[0003] Currently, landslide volume estimation mainly relies on the digital elevation model (DEM) method: estimation is performed by acquiring high-precision DEM data before and after the landslide. This method is complex, time-consuming, and difficult to obtain data in remote areas. Furthermore, data acquisition is significantly affected by the environmental conditions of the work area. The above method is only applicable to a single landslide. When applying this method to landslides in other regions or when estimating multiple landslides simultaneously, it is necessary to re-acquire data and empirical parameters for the study area, resulting in a cumbersome and inefficient process.

[0004] When faced with large-scale landslide disasters, the existing estimation methods cannot be used to conduct real-time and rapid assessments of the scale and hazard of landslides. Therefore, the current estimation methods have poor universality and are slow in speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides a method and apparatus for estimating landslide volume, which can quickly estimate landslide volume.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for estimating landslide volume. The method includes: performing boundary identification on landslide remote sensing images to obtain landslide vector boundaries, thereby obtaining a landslide orthographic projection surface; determining the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide based on the landslide orthographic projection surface, and determining the target aspect ratio based on the target length and target width; generating a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target area and target aspect ratio; and estimating the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, target area, and target width.

[0007] Optionally, if a digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained, the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide is determined based on the landslide vector boundary; the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide is measured; and the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide is calculated based on the area and length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; wherein, the target area of ​​the landslide is the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, the target length of the landslide is the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and the target width of the landslide is the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0008] Optionally, the estimated landslide volume is corrected according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and the corrected landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide.

[0009] Optionally, when a landslide digital elevation model is obtained, the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide is determined based on the landslide vector boundary, and the landslide slope area is determined based on the landslide slope indicated by the landslide digital elevation model and the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide; the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide is measured, and the length of the landslide slope is determined based on the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide and the landslide slope; the width of the landslide slope is calculated based on the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length; wherein, the target landslide area is the landslide slope area, the target landslide length is the landslide slope length, and the target landslide width is the landslide slope width.

[0010] Optionally, based on the target landslide area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula, the normalized center distance is calculated inversely; the first preset formula includes: ;in, Represents the normalized central distance. h This represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope. c Represents an ellipsoid z Length of the semi-secondary axis in the axial direction Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. k Indicates the aspect ratio of the target.

[0011] Optionally, the first landslide volume is calculated based on the normalized center distance, the target landslide area, the target landslide width, and a second preset formula; the second preset formula includes: ;in, Indicates the volume of the first landslide. Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. Indicates the target width of the landslide.

[0012] Optionally, the estimated first landslide volume is corrected according to the preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by the third preset formula, and the corrected second landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide; the third preset formula includes: ;in, Indicates the volume of the second landslide. Indicates the slope of the landslide. This is a preset constant.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a landslide volume estimation device, which includes: a landslide boundary acquisition module, a landslide parameter determination module, a volume parameter generation module, and a volume estimation module; the landslide boundary acquisition module is used to perform boundary identification on landslide remote sensing images to obtain the vector boundary of the landslide and obtain the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide; the landslide parameter determination module is used to determine the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide based on the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide, and to determine the target aspect ratio based on the target length and target width; the volume parameter generation module is used to generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target area and target aspect ratio of the landslide; the landslide volume estimation module is used to estimate the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the target area, and the target width of the landslide.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer device, including: a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to: perform the steps of the landslide volume estimation method described in the first aspect above.

[0015] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the landslide volume estimation method as described in the first aspect.

[0016] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In this embodiment, firstly, boundary identification is performed on the landslide remote sensing image to obtain the landslide vector boundary, resulting in the landslide orthophoto surface. Secondly, based on the landslide orthophoto surface, the target area, length, and width of the landslide are determined, and the target aspect ratio is determined based on the target length and width. Then, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated based on the target area and aspect ratio. Finally, the landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, target area, and target width. This scheme eliminates the need for on-site measurements; it estimates the landslide volume solely based on the landslide area obtained from the orthophoto surface of the landslide in satellite remote sensing imagery. The calculation is simple and applicable to landslides occurring in different regions across the country. It enables rapid estimation of landslide volume based on satellite remote sensing imagery after a disaster, providing a reference for assessing the scale and severity of landslides. The estimation is rapid and highly universal.

[0018] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system architecture for estimating landslide volume, provided as an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for estimating landslide volume according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a landslide based on an ellipsoidal geometric model, provided as an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a landslide geometric model provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating another method for estimating landslide volume provided in this embodiment of the disclosure.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an actual landslide provided as an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another actual landslide provided as an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a hardware structure diagram of the computer device where the landslide volume estimation system is located, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a landslide volume estimation device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another landslide volume estimation device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0031] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0033] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system architecture for estimating landslide volume according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, system architecture 100 may include one or more terminal devices such as smartphone 101, portable computer 102, and desktop computer 103, network 104, and server 105. Network 104 is used as a medium to provide a communication link between the terminal devices and server 105. Network 104 may include various connection types, such as wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables, etc.

[0035] The terminal device can be any electronic device with data processing capabilities, and it has a display screen for showing users remote sensing images of landslides, etc. This electronic device includes, but is not limited to, the aforementioned desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, and tablets, etc.

[0036] It should be understood that Figure 1 The number of terminal devices, networks, and servers shown is merely illustrative. Depending on implementation needs, any number of terminal devices, networks, and servers can be included.

[0037] The method provided in this embodiment can be executed by a terminal device, and correspondingly, the apparatus can be installed in the terminal device. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the method for estimating landslide volume provided in this embodiment can also be executed by a server, and correspondingly, the apparatus can also be installed in the server. This exemplary embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A flowchart of a landslide volume estimation method provided for embodiments of this disclosure includes the following steps S201 to S204:

[0039] S201. Perform boundary identification on the landslide remote sensing image to obtain the landslide vector boundary and obtain the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide.

[0040] Optionally, at least one landslide vector boundary can be automatically identified from the acquired landslide remote sensing image, or at least one landslide vector boundary can be manually selected in the acquired landslide remote sensing image. This disclosure does not specifically limit this method.

[0041] S202. Based on the orthographic projection of the landslide, determine the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide, and determine the target aspect ratio based on the target length and target width.

[0042] Optionally, if the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained, the accurate landslide slope cannot be obtained. Therefore, the landslide volume can be estimated directly based on the area, length, and width of the landslide orthographic projection surface. In this scheme, the target landslide area is the landslide orthographic projection surface, and the target aspect ratio of the landslide is the aspect ratio of the landslide orthographic projection surface.

[0043] Optionally, if a DEM of the landslide is obtained, the accurate landslide slope can be obtained based on the DEM. Then, based on the orthographic projection of the landslide and the slope, the landslide surface area, landslide surface length (along the landslide direction), and landslide surface width (perpendicular to the landslide direction) can be determined, thereby estimating the landslide volume. In this scheme, the target landslide area is the landslide surface area, and the target aspect ratio of the landslide is the aspect ratio of the landslide surface.

[0044] It should be noted that the width of the orthographic projection of the landslide is equal to the width of the landslide slope.

[0045] S203. Based on the target area and aspect ratio of the landslide, generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model.

[0046] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the landslide volume is estimated based on an ellipsoidal geometric model, and the normalized center distance is the ratio of the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface to the length of the semi-secondary axis of the ellipsoid in the z-axis direction.

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a landslide based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is provided as an embodiment of this disclosure, such as... Figure 3 As shown in (a), the landslide is located at a slope of On a slope, an ellipsoid is constructed in space parallel to the slope, partially embedded within it. The surface intersecting the slope is the landslide surface. With the center of the ellipsoid as the origin, the y-axis is parallel to the landslide surface and along the slope direction, and the x-axis is parallel to the landslide surface and perpendicular to the slope direction. The xy-plane is aligned with the slope's inclination, while the z-axis is perpendicular to the xy-plane. The corresponding orthographic projection of the landslide surface is the surface shown above the ellipsoid. Figure 3 (b) in the diagram represents the cross-section of the landslide in the yz plane, which is embedded within the slope and divided into landslide bodies. Figure 3 (c) in the diagram is a top view of the landslide on the xy plane. This represents the length of the semi-major axis of the ellipsoid along the y-axis. b This represents the length of the semi-secondary axis of the ellipsoid along the x-axis. c This represents the length of the semi-secondary axis of the ellipsoid along the z-axis. h This represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope. L Indicates the length of the ellipsoidal sliding surface. B Indicates the width of the ellipsoidal sliding surface and the slope of the landslide. It is the angle between the slope and the horizontal plane.

[0048] In practice, it is usually impossible to directly measure and obtain the normalized center distance of an actual landslide.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the normalized center distance can be determined by the target area of ​​the landslide and the target aspect ratio of the landslide.

[0050] S204. Estimate landslide volume based on normalized center distance, target landslide area, and target landslide width.

[0051] It should be noted that linear regression and model evaluation can be performed in advance based on existing landslide data to determine the correlation between normalized center distance, target landslide area and landslide volume, and then the landslide volume can be estimated based on this correlation.

[0052] This disclosure provides a method for estimating landslide volume. First, boundary identification is performed on landslide remote sensing images to obtain the landslide vector boundary, resulting in the landslide orthographic projection surface. Second, based on the landslide orthographic projection surface, the target landslide area, target length, and target width are determined, and the target aspect ratio is determined based on the target length and width. Then, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated based on the target landslide area and aspect ratio. Finally, the landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, target area, and target width. This method eliminates the need for on-site measurements, estimating landslide volume solely based on the landslide area obtained from the landslide orthographic projection surface using satellite remote sensing images. The calculation is simple and applicable to landslides occurring in different regions across the country. It enables rapid estimation of landslide volume based on satellite remote sensing images after a disaster, providing a reference for assessing the scale and severity of landslides. The estimation is rapid and highly universal.

[0053] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in this embodiment, step S202 may specifically include the following steps S202a1 to S202a3:

[0054] S202a1. When a digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained, determine the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide based on the landslide vector boundary.

[0055] For example, the orthographic projection area of ​​a landslide can be calculated using a field calculator and the vector boundary range of the landslide.

[0056] S202a2, Measure the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0057] S202a3. Calculate the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide based on the area and length of the orthographic projection surface.

[0058] In this scheme, the target landslide area is the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, the target landslide length is the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and the target landslide width is the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0059] Based on this scheme, when the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained and the slope of the landslide cannot be accurately obtained, the relevant parameters for landslide volume estimation can be determined directly based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, thereby making a relatively rough estimate of the landslide volume.

[0060] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in this embodiment, step S202 may specifically include the following steps S202b1 to S202b3:

[0061] S202b1. With the landslide digital elevation model obtained, determine the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide based on the landslide vector boundary, and determine the landslide slope area based on the landslide slope and orthographic projection area indicated by the landslide digital elevation model.

[0062] S202b2. Measure the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determine the length of the landslide slope based on the length of the orthographic projection surface and the slope of the landslide.

[0063] S202b3. Calculate the width of the landslide slope based on the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length.

[0064] In this scheme, the target landslide area is the landslide slope area, the target landslide length is the landslide slope length, and the target landslide width is the landslide slope width.

[0065] It should be noted that the width of the landslide slope is theoretically equal to the width of the orthographic projection of the landslide.

[0066] Based on this scheme, if the DEM of the landslide can be obtained, the landslide slope area can be determined based on the slope indicated by the DEM after determining the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide according to the vector boundary. Then, the length and width of the landslide slope along the landslide direction can be determined, thereby making a relatively accurate estimate of the landslide volume.

[0067] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in this embodiment, step S203 can be specifically executed via step S203a as follows:

[0068] S203a. Based on the target area of ​​the landslide, the target length-to-width ratio and formula (1), the normalized center distance is calculated in reverse.

[0069] ; Formula (1)

[0070] in, Represents the normalized central distance. h This represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope. c This represents the length of the semi-secondary axis along the z-axis of the ellipsoid. Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. k Indicates the aspect ratio of the target.

[0071] Optionally, if the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained, the normalized center distance can be determined by the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface of the landslide and the aspect ratio of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0072] Optionally, if the DEM of the landslide can be obtained, the landslide surface area and the length-to-width ratio of the landslide surface can be determined first by the orthographic projection surface and the slope of the landslide, and then the normalized center distance can be determined by the landslide surface area and the length-to-width ratio of the landslide surface.

[0073] It is understandable that, given the landslide slope area and length, determining... Then the landslide volume can be estimated.

[0074] It should be noted that the constants and coefficients in the above formula (1) were obtained from regression training based on more than two thousand landslide data collected from literature from 1995 to 2024. By studying the geometric information of landslide data from across the country compiled in literature from 1995 to 2024, the correlation between the normalized center distance and various parameters, such as the target aspect ratio, landslide length, landslide width, landslide surface area, and landslide volume, was determined. Finally, the correlation between the normalized center distance after logit transformation and the landslide area and landslide aspect ratio was determined.

[0075] Based on this scheme, the normalized center distance can be quickly determined based on the landslide surface area and the landslide length-to-width ratio, thereby enabling rapid estimation of the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance.

[0076] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in this embodiment, step S204 may specifically include the following step S204a:

[0077] S204a, based on the normalized center distance, landslide target area, landslide target width and formula (2), the first landslide volume is obtained.

[0078] ;Formula (2)

[0079] in, Indicates the volume of the first landslide. Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. Indicates the target width of the landslide.

[0080] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the geometric model is constructed based on the assumption of an ellipsoidal sliding surface. The ellipsoidal sliding surface represents the landslide slope, so the theoretical area of ​​the landslide slope is the area of ​​the ellipsoidal sliding surface. Embedded in the slope is the landslide body, so the theoretical volume of the landslide is equal to the volume of the landslide body. Figure 3 Related theories of ellipsoidal geometric models, landslide theoretical volume V and ellipsoidal sliding surface area This can be expressed by the following formulas (3) and (4):

[0081] ; Formula (3)

[0082] ;Formula (4)

[0083] in, Indicates the length of the semi-major axis in the y-axis direction. bThis represents the length of the semi-secondary axis in the x-axis direction. c This represents the length of the semi-secondary axis in the z-axis direction.

[0084] In the case of an ellipsoidal sliding surface, based on formulas (3) and (4), the theoretical relationship between the landslide surface area and volume can be determined as formula (5):

[0085] ;Formula (5)

[0086] For actual landslides, regardless of their shape, let's assume the landslide has an area of... The length of the ellipsoidal slip surface can be measured from images along the landslide direction. L Based on the ellipsoidal sliding surface area The theoretical width of the landslide area can be derived from the length of the ellipsoidal sliding surface. B The theoretical value is given by formula (6):

[0087] ;Formula (6)

[0088] By combining the derivation of formulas (5) and (6), the theoretical calculation formula for the landslide volume indicated by the following formula (7) can be obtained.

[0089] ;Formula (7)

[0090] It should be noted that the theoretical derivation is based on the landslide slope area, landslide slope length, and landslide slope width.

[0091] In this embodiment of the disclosure, if the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained, the landslide slope area cannot be determined. The landslide volume can be estimated based on the relevant parameters of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide. Therefore, formula (7) can be rewritten as formula (2) above. That is, the landslide volume can be estimated based on formula (2) above using the orthographic projection surface area and the orthographic projection surface width of the landslide; or the landslide volume can be estimated based on formula (2) above using the landslide slope area and the landslide slope width.

[0092] Based on this scheme, after determining the normalized center distance, the landslide volume can be quickly estimated using the landslide volume estimation method corresponding to the ellipsoidal geometric model.

[0093] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in this embodiment of the disclosure, after step S204 above, the following step S205 may also be included:

[0094] S205. Based on the preset volume-volume power law relationship, correct the estimated landslide volume and determine the corrected landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide.

[0095] It is understandable that the volume estimated by the above method is not accurate enough when DEM is not available. Therefore, it can be corrected based on the average angle of the landslide. The average angle is an empirical value, usually between (10° and 45°).

[0096] Specifically, the above S205 can be executed through the following S205a:

[0097] S205a. According to the preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by formula (8), the estimated first landslide volume is corrected, and the corrected second landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide.

[0098] ;Formula (8)

[0099] in, Indicates the volume of the second landslide. Indicates the volume of the first landslide. Indicates the slope of the landslide. This is a preset constant.

[0100] It should be noted that in this correction method, The average angle of the landslide can be used.

[0101] Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a landslide geometric model provided in this embodiment of the disclosure, combined with Figure 4 y-axis semi-major axis length Length of semi-major axis projected along the y-axis There exists a relationship represented by formula (9):

[0102] ;Formula (9)

[0103] According to the definition of geometric modeling methods, the semi-minor axis (i.e., the length of the semi-secondary axis in the x-axis direction) corresponding to the landslide width (i.e., the dimension perpendicular to the landslide direction) is... b It is not affected by this transformation.

[0104] Using the above description, determine the theoretical area of ​​the landslide slope. A Based on the landslide slope Changes in the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide Sensitivity. Combining the above formula (4), the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide. It can be written as the following formula (10):

[0105] ;Formula (10)

[0106] because c , hThese are all different lengths in the same direction (perpendicular to the slope). Their ratio does not change with the size of the area and length when the landslide area is observed from different orientations (along the orthographic direction and perpendicular to the landslide surface). Therefore, the theoretical area of ​​the landslide slope... A Area of ​​the orthographic projection of the landslide The ratio can be expressed as formula (11):

[0107] ;Formula (11)

[0108] This disclosure also provides an area-volume power law relationship between landslide area and landslide volume, as shown in the following formula (12):

[0109] ;Formula (12)

[0110] in, This represents the estimated landslide volume. Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. and This is a preset constant.

[0111] In this embodiment, the empirical constant in the above formula is obtained by regression calculation based on collected landslide data. Simultaneously, the range of constants in the area-volume power law relationship is statistically obtained according to the regression results of landslides in different regions, such as provinces and cities. ∈ (0.018, 0.058), ∈ (1.140, 1.436).

[0112] For example, Table 1 is an exemplary table of constants in an area-volume power law relationship provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115] Table 1 lists the constants that can be used across the country and the constants corresponding to the four main regions. If it can be determined that the landslide area belongs to one of the four regions, the corresponding constant can be used directly. If it can be determined that the landslide area does not belong to one of the four regions, the constant corresponding to the whole country can be used.

[0116] Based on this scheme, in the absence of DEM data, a preset constant in the area-volume power law relationship described above can be used. The landslide volume estimate was revised to make the estimate more accurate.

[0117] Based on the area-volume power law relationship indicated by formula (12), based on the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface Calculated landslide volume Compared with the theoretical area of ​​landslide slope A Theoretical value of landslide volume calculated V The ratio between them can be determined by the following formula (13):

[0118] ; Formula (13)

[0119] Therefore, based on the above formula (13), it can be determined that The estimated volume of the first landslide mentioned above. Substituting these values, we can obtain the above formula (8).

[0120] Therefore, when a DEM is available, the landslide volume can be estimated to be closest to the actual landslide volume by obtaining the landslide slope area, or the landslide volume calculated from the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide can be corrected for errors based on the average slope.

[0121] In cases where a DEM is unavailable, or where the surface area of ​​multiple landslides is too wide to calculate individually, the landslide slope is taken as an indicator, based on the characteristics that landslides typically occur on slopes with a gradient greater than 10° and less than 45°, while on slopes with a gradient greater than 45° they usually manifest as rock collapses and falling rocks. The range is between 10° and 45°, in formula (13) β The empirical constant (i.e., the landslide power law function) ranges from 1.140 to 1.436. Substituting the slope and the range of the empirical constant into formula (13) yields the following result. and The difference range is: 1.73% ( =10° β =1.140) to 32.64% ( =45° β =1.436), thus enabling the estimation range of the actual landslide volume.

[0122] Based on this scheme, when the slope of the landslide cannot be obtained, the landslide volume can be estimated based on the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface of the landslide. After the landslide volume estimation is completed based on the landslide volume estimation formula, the estimated volume can be corrected based on the preset volume-volume power law relationship, thereby obtaining a more accurate landslide volume.

[0123] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another landslide volume estimation process provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See attached diagram.) Figure 5As shown, first, remote sensing images of the landslide are acquired. Then, the orthographic projection surface of the landslide is determined based on the landslide vector boundary, and the area, length, and width of the orthographic projection surface are obtained. It is then determined whether a digital image (DEM) can be obtained. If a DEM cannot be obtained, the aspect ratio is directly determined based on the length and width of the orthographic projection surface. If a DEM can be obtained, the area, length, and width of the slope can be determined based on the area, length, and slope of the orthographic projection surface, and the aspect ratio is determined based on the length and width of the slope. Finally, a geometric model is constructed based on the acquired landslide parameters to determine... Landslide volume estimation is performed based on an ellipsoidal geometric model. It is determined whether a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was used. If not, volume correction is performed based on the volume-volume power law relationship. If a DEM was used, the estimated volume is the final landslide volume.

[0124] Example 1: Actual landslide

[0125] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an actual landslide provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. In currently available information, the actual landslide is generally depicted as a long, sloping, funnel-shaped landslide with a zigzag distribution. The orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide is 8.4 × 10⁻⁶. 4 m 2 It is 291m long and 130m wide, with a total volume of 1.60 × 10⁻⁶ m. 6 m 3 .

[0126] In the verification experiment, Figure 6 In (a) of the diagram, the landslide area and the length and width of the landslide are selected manually. For example... Figure 6 In (b), the grid surface area is calculated using the DEM surface tools based on the 30m resolution DEM of the landslide area. Figure 6 In step (c), the landslide surface area is obtained by summing the points after raster conversion, and the length along the landslide direction is measured. The actual slope of landslide one is between 13° and 42° (the landslide source area), with an average slope of 29.13°. These parameters are substituted into the geometric model to calculate the volume according to the formula, and corrections are made based on the average slope. The calculation results are shown in Table 2.

[0127] Table 2

[0128]

[0129] The geometric modeling method estimates the landslide volume in the source area. However, during landslide movement, the material in the source area carries and accumulates more loose material, leading to an increase in the volume of the accumulated material. Therefore, to distinguish between the post-slide accumulation and the original landslide volume, the experiment uses an empirical value of 20% expansion coefficient to calculate the post-slide volume. That is, when cross-validating with the actual total landslide volume, the estimated result is multiplied by 1.2 according to the needs of practical applications before being verified with the post-slide volume in publicly available information. It can be seen that estimating the volume from the landslide slope area has a lower relative error, while estimating the volume from the landslide orthographic projection surface, after introducing the correction of the average slope (…),… β The values ​​used are 0.033 and 1.305 corresponding to the Yellow River Basin in Table 1, i.e. V 3 = 0.033 A 1 1.305 The relative error decreased from 27.52% to 13.54%. In the absence of DEM data, based on the fact that landslide slopes generally occur between 10° and 45°, substituting this into the formula, the estimated landslide volume range should be approximately (1.18~1.82) × 10⁻⁶. 6 m 3 between.

[0130] Example 2: Actual landslide two

[0131] The second actual landslide had a large sliding surface area, with a length of 1144m and a maximum width of 960m. The landslide volume, calculated using the mass conservation method, was approximately (2.2~2.8) × 10⁻⁶. 7 m 3 .

[0132] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another actual landslide provided as an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 7 In (a) of the diagram, the landslide area and the length and width of the landslide are selected manually. For example... Figure 7 In (b), the grid surface area is calculated using the DEM surface tools based on the 30m resolution DEM of the landslide area. Figure 7 In (c), after turning the point, sum up to obtain the landslide slope area and measure the length along the landslide direction.

[0133] The actual slope of landslide 2 ranges from 8° to 37°, with an average of 22.53°. Substituting these parameters into the landslide volume estimation step and correcting the results based on the average slope, the calculation results and errors are shown in Table 3 below:

[0134] Table 3

[0135]

[0136] The experiment revealed that the actual landslide 2 was quite large, with an estimated volume exceeding 1 million cubic meters, classifying it as a large landslide (1 million to 10 million cubic meters). After adjusting the volume using the geometric model method, the estimated volume remained within the range (2.2 ~ 2.8) × 10⁻⁶ obtained from the mass conservation method. 7 m 3 Within this range, the valuation range is consistent in magnitude with the range obtained through inversion.

[0137] Experimental verification on two landslides shows that the landslide volume estimation process in this embodiment is significantly affected by the accuracy of the landslide area measurement, but the overall scale remains consistent. For different definitions of the target landslide area, the process utilizes a combination of volume-volume power law and slope to improve the error, making the estimation result closer to the true volume, and providing a volume estimation range even without DEM data.

[0138] The landslide volume estimation method based on the improved geometric modeling method in this embodiment overcomes the problems of difficult data acquisition, complex technical process, inability to carry out large-scale operation and low processing efficiency in the previous volume estimation. It can quickly estimate the volume based only on the geometric information of the landslide without the need for on-site exploration data. It also has the advantages of simple model and fast estimation, and is suitable for landslide volume estimation in different regions.

[0139] Corresponding to the embodiments of the foregoing methods, this disclosure also provides embodiments of the apparatus and the terminal to which it is applied.

[0140] Embodiments of the landslide volume estimation device disclosed herein can be applied to computer equipment, such as servers or terminal devices. The landslide volume estimation device embodiments can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of both. Taking software implementation as an example, a logically defined landslide volume estimation device is formed by the processor responsible for landslide volume estimation loading the corresponding computer program instructions from non-volatile memory into memory for execution. From a hardware perspective, such as... Figure 8 The diagram shown is a hardware structure diagram of a computer device housing the landslide volume estimation device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Except for... Figure 8 In addition to the processor 810, memory 830, network interface 820, and non-volatile memory 840 shown, the server or electronic device where the landslide volume estimation method 831 is located in the embodiment may also include other hardware depending on the actual function of the computer device, which will not be described in detail here.

[0141] Figure 9 An apparatus for estimating landslide volume provided in this disclosure embodiment, such as Figure 9As shown, the landslide volume estimation device 900 includes: a landslide boundary acquisition module 901, a landslide parameter determination module 902, a volume parameter generation module 903, and a landslide volume estimation module 904; the landslide boundary acquisition module 901 is used to perform boundary recognition on landslide remote sensing images to obtain the vector boundary of the landslide and obtain the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide; the landslide parameter determination module 902 is used to determine the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide based on the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide, and to determine the target aspect ratio based on the target length and target width; the volume parameter generation module 903 is used to generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target area and target aspect ratio of the landslide; the landslide volume estimation module 904 is used to estimate the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the target area, and the target width of the landslide.

[0142] Optionally, the landslide parameter determination module 902 is specifically used for: determining the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide based on the landslide vector boundary when a digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained; measuring the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; and calculating the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide based on the area and length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; wherein the target area of ​​the landslide is the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide, the target length of the landslide is the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and the target width of the landslide is the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0143] Optionally, combined Figure 9 ,like Figure 10 As shown, the landslide volume estimation device 900 further includes: a correction module 905; the correction module 905 is used to correct the estimated landslide volume according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and determine the corrected landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide.

[0144] Optionally, the landslide parameter determination module 902 is specifically used for: when a landslide digital elevation model is obtained, determining the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide based on the landslide vector boundary; determining the landslide slope area based on the landslide slope indicated by the landslide digital elevation model and the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide; measuring the length of the orthographic projection of the landslide; determining the length of the landslide slope based on the length of the orthographic projection of the landslide and the landslide slope; and calculating the width of the landslide slope based on the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length; wherein, the target landslide area is the landslide slope area, the target landslide length is the landslide slope length, and the target landslide width is the landslide slope width.

[0145] Optionally, the volume parameter generation module 903 is specifically used to: calculate the normalized center distance based on the target landslide area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula; the first preset formula includes: ;in, Represents the normalized central distance. h This represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope. cThis represents the length of the semi-secondary axis along the z-axis of the ellipsoid. Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. k Indicates the aspect ratio of the target.

[0146] Optionally, the landslide volume estimation module 904 is specifically used to: calculate the first landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the target landslide area, the target landslide width, and a second preset formula; the second preset formula includes: ;in, Indicates the volume of the first landslide. Indicates the target area of ​​the landslide. Indicates the target width of the landslide.

[0147] Optionally, the correction module is specifically used to: correct the estimated first landslide volume according to the preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by the third preset formula, and determine the corrected second landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide; the third preset formula includes: ;in, Indicates the volume of the second landslide. Indicates the slope of the landslide. This is a preset constant.

[0148] This disclosure provides a landslide volume estimation device. First, boundary identification is performed on landslide remote sensing images to obtain the landslide vector boundary, resulting in a landslide orthographic projection surface. Second, based on the landslide orthographic projection surface, the target landslide area, target length, and target width are determined, and the target aspect ratio is determined based on the target length and width. Then, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated based on the target area and aspect ratio. Finally, the landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, target area, and target width. This method eliminates the need for on-site measurements, estimating landslide volume solely based on the landslide area obtained from the orthographic projection surface of satellite remote sensing images. The calculation is simple and applicable to landslides occurring in different regions across the country. It enables rapid estimation of landslide volume based on satellite remote sensing images after a disaster, providing a reference for assessing the scale and severity of landslides. The estimation is rapid and highly universal.

[0149] Accordingly, this disclosure also provides a computer device, the computer device including a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to perform the various steps in the above-described landslide volume estimation method embodiments.

[0150] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described landslide volume estimation method embodiments.

[0151] The specific implementation process of the functions and roles of each module in the above device can be found in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above method, and will not be repeated here.

[0152] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this disclosure according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0153] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0154] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention applied herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not claimed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.

[0155] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0156] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for estimating landslide volume, characterized in that, The method includes: Boundary identification is performed on landslide remote sensing images to obtain landslide vector boundaries, and the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide is obtained. Based on the orthographic projection of the landslide, determine the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide, and determine the target aspect ratio based on the target length and target width; Based on the target landslide area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is calculated; the first preset formula includes: ;in, This represents the normalized center distance. h This represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope. c This represents the length of the semi-secondary axis along the z-axis of the ellipsoid. This represents the target area of ​​the landslide. k This indicates the aspect ratio of the target. The volume of the first landslide is estimated based on the normalized center distance, the target area of ​​the landslide, the target width of the landslide, and a second preset formula; the second preset formula includes: ;in, This represents the volume of the first landslide. This represents the target area of ​​the landslide. This indicates the target width of the landslide.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide includes: In the absence of a digital elevation model of the landslide, the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface of the landslide is determined based on the landslide vector boundary. Measure the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; Calculate the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide based on the area and length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; Wherein, the landslide target area is the area of ​​the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, the landslide target length is the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and the landslide target width is the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After estimating the volume of the first landslide based on the normalized center distance, the target landslide area, the target landslide width, and the second preset formula, the method further includes: Based on the preset volume-volume power law relationship, the estimated first landslide volume is corrected, and the corrected landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide includes: Once the landslide digital elevation model is obtained, the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide is determined based on the landslide vector boundary, and the landslide slope area is determined based on the landslide slope indicated by the landslide digital elevation model and the orthographic projection area of ​​the landslide. Measure the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determine the length of the landslide slope based on the length of the orthographic projection surface and the landslide slope. The width of the landslide slope is calculated based on the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length; Wherein, the target landslide area is the landslide slope area, the target landslide length is the landslide slope length, and the target landslide width is the landslide slope width.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on a preset volume-volume power law relationship, the estimated first landslide volume is corrected, and the corrected landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide, including: Based on the preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by the third preset formula, the estimated first landslide volume is corrected, and the corrected second landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide. The third preset formula includes: ; in, This represents the volume of the second landslide. Indicates the slope of the landslide. This is a preset constant.

6. A device for estimating landslide volume, characterized in that, The estimation device includes: a landslide boundary acquisition module, a landslide parameter determination module, a volume parameter generation module, and a landslide volume estimation module; The landslide boundary acquisition module is used to perform boundary recognition on landslide remote sensing images to obtain the vector boundary of the landslide and obtain the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide. The landslide parameter determination module is used to determine the target area, target length, and target width of the landslide based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and to determine the target aspect ratio based on the target length and target width. The volume parameter generation module is used to back-calculate and generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model, based on the target landslide area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula; the first preset formula includes: ;in, This represents the normalized center distance. h This represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope. c This represents the length of the semi-secondary axis along the z-axis of the ellipsoid. This represents the target area of ​​the landslide. k This indicates the aspect ratio of the target. The landslide volume estimation module is used to estimate the volume of a first landslide based on the normalized center distance, the target landslide area, the target landslide width, and a second preset formula; the second preset formula includes: ;in, This represents the volume of the first landslide. This represents the target area of ​​the landslide. This indicates the target width of the landslide.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the landslide volume estimation method according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; And a memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the landslide volume estimation method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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