Online laser descaling device and method

Abstract

The invention provides an online laser descaling device and method, and belongs to the field of laser descaling, the online laser descaling device comprises a core mechanical part, a plurality of optical subsystems, a cooling subsystem and a control subsystem, the plurality of optical subsystems are fixed on the core mechanical part in a magnetic attraction mode, and the cooling subsystem is fixed on the core mechanical part in a magnetic attraction mode. The cooling subsystem and the light source generator therein are connected with the plurality of optical subsystems, and the control subsystem is connected with the plurality of optical subsystems and the cooling subsystem. The structure is compact, the processing speed is high, and the cold-rolling high-speed production requirement can be met; the optical assembly is good in heat dissipation and dustproof performance, and the production efficiency and the equipment reliability are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser descaling, and in particular to an online laser descaling device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the cold rolling production process of metal sheets and strips, the effective removal of oxide scale on the surface of the workpiece (often referred to as "descaling" in the industry) is a crucial link. At present, the descaling methods commonly used in the industry mainly include two technical routes: pickling and mechanical descaling rollers. The pickling method, with its faster processing speed, can basically match the high throughput demand of the cold rolling mill of about 160 meters per minute. However, pickling technology has shortcomings that are difficult to overcome: the acid used and the waste liquid generated are significantly polluting and are consumables that require continuous supply; at the same time, the acid poses a potential safety risk to operators; in addition, the pickling production line usually requires a layout space of up to 100 to 300 meters, occupying a huge area, which is not only a burden for large processing plants, but also makes it difficult for small enterprises to plan and implement.

[0003] While mechanical descaling rollers are relatively compact and small, their processing speed is extremely limited, typically only 30 to 70 meters per minute, far below the production speed of the cold rolling mill. This significant speed mismatch prevents direct integration of mechanical descaling rollers into continuous cold rolling production lines for in-line operation. Their use often requires additional coil loading and unloading steps, significantly slowing overall production efficiency and potentially introducing additional safety risks due to process interruptions.

[0004] In recent years, laser technology has been applied in the field of surface treatment, such as handheld laser rust removal equipment. However, it should be made clear that although the targets of rust removal and cold rolling descaling are both oxides, their properties are different. The rust on steel is mostly hydrated iron oxides with a relatively loose texture, while the scale produced during the cold rolling process is an oxide layer with a dense structure and close bond to the workpiece matrix. For titanium alloys, although its titanium oxide layer plays a protective role in daily use, it can easily damage the cold rolling equipment during cold rolling and needs to be removed before rolling. Although in technical principle, iron oxide and titanium oxide are sensitive to lasers of specific wavelengths (such as 1064 nanometers) and can be instantly vaporized and peeled off after irradiation without damaging the workpiece matrix, to date, no mature, automated laser descaling technology or equipment (such as "laser pickling") has been clearly developed and applied to continuous cold rolling production lines for metal sheets and strips.

[0005] Therefore, existing descaling technologies have significant limitations or gaps in meeting high-speed cold rolling production, environmental protection requirements, equipment compactness, and online integration capabilities, and there is an urgent need to develop a new solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online laser descaling device and method. The device and method significantly improve environmental protection and completely eliminate the pollution of pickling waste liquid; the structure is compact, with a length of only about two meters, and it is easy to integrate into the cold rolling production line to realize online operation; at the same time, the processing speed is high (≥150m / min), which can meet the high-speed production requirements of cold rolling; and its optical components have good heat dissipation and dustproof performance, supporting 7×24 hours continuous operation, greatly improving production efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] An online laser descaling device is characterized in that it includes a core mechanical part, several optical subsystems, a cooling subsystem and a control subsystem. The several optical subsystems are fixed to the core mechanical part by magnetic attraction. The cooling subsystem and the light source generator contained therein are connected to the several optical subsystems. The control subsystem is connected to the several optical subsystems and the cooling subsystem. The core mechanical part is used to guide the workpiece conveying, support the various components of the device and fix the device to the ground. The several optical subsystems are used to output working lasers and remove oxide scales on the workpiece. The cooling subsystem is used to cool the several optical subsystems. The control subsystem is used to supply power to and control the several optical subsystems and cooling subsystems.

[0009] Furthermore, the core mechanical part includes a roller system, a steel frame, a purge panel, a dust removal panel, a laser fixing plate and a number of anchor bolts;

[0010] The roller system is arranged on the steel frame, the purge panel is arranged on the front side of the steel frame, the dust removal panel is arranged on the rear side of the steel frame, and the upper and lower sides of the steel frame are provided with laser fixing plates. The purge panel, dust removal panel and laser fixing plate are all fixed to the steel frame by means including but not limited to welding, bolt fixing, rivets, mortise and tenon, snap fasteners, bonding, etc. The several anchor bolts are arranged at the bottom of the core mechanical part, and the core mechanical part is fixed to the ground by the anchor bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, the roller system includes a plurality of straightening rollers and a receiving / discharging port, the receiving / discharging port is arranged on both sides of the roller system, and the plurality of straightening rollers are arranged between the receiving / discharging port, the straightening rollers are used to clamp and limit the workpiece, and the receiving / discharging port is provided with a curved structure in the longitudinal section, the curved structure is a structure in which the outer opening expands and converges in a positive bow shape toward the middle section, and converges in a reverse bow shape from the middle section to the end section, and the height of the end section of the curved structure close to the workpiece on the side close to the workpiece is lower than the outer circumferential radius of the first straightening roller after the receiving / discharging port, so as to ensure that the workpiece can smoothly enter and exit the device;

[0012] The steel frame includes several main structural steel frames, several bearing seats, several bearings and several bolts. Several bolt eyes are evenly arranged on the main structural steel frame, and two through holes are evenly arranged on the bearing seat. The main structural steel frame and the bearing seat are connected by several bolts. Every two bearings are fixed on each bearing seat, and the left and right sides of the straightening roller are fixed on the bearing seat through bearings.

[0013] Furthermore, the purge panel includes a first structural plate and a plurality of purge fans, and the plurality of purge fans are fixedly arranged on the first structural plate;

[0014] The dust removal panel includes a second structural plate, a plurality of dust suction fans, a plurality of air guide structural members, and a plurality of dust removal system air filter elements. One end of the plurality of dust suction fans is provided with a dust collecting hood, and the other ends of the plurality of dust suction fans are respectively connected to the air guide structural members through the second structural plate. The plurality of air guide structural members are connected to the dust removal system air filter elements.

[0015] The laser fixing plate includes an anti-foolproof notch, a groove for accommodating a magnet ring, an opening for laser light, and power supply and data interface contacts. The laser fixing plate is provided with several opening areas, each opening area is provided with an anti-foolproof notch with a fixed direction, and each opening area is provided with a groove for accommodating a magnet ring. The opening for laser light is provided on the groove for accommodating a magnet ring, and the power supply and data interface contacts are provided on the laser fixing plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the optical subsystem is provided in at least two groups, each group having two, and each group having one subsystem provided above and below the workpiece as the axis of symmetry. The optical subsystem includes a housing, an optical fiber interface, an air intake cover, an upper panel, an end section of optical fiber, a lens group, an air filter, a turbofan, a dust cover, a lower panel, power supply and data electrodes, a magnet ring, and an optical fiber armored hard tube;

[0017] The side of the optical subsystem is provided with a shell, the top surface of the optical subsystem is provided with an upper panel, the upper panel is provided with an optical fiber interface and an air intake cover, the bottom of the optical fiber interface is connected to the top of the last segment of the optical fiber, the last segment of the optical fiber includes a laser terminal, the laser terminal is provided at the bottom of the last segment of the optical fiber, the laser terminal is connected to the lens group, one end of the lens group is inserted into the dust cover, the air inlet of the dust cover is connected to the air outlet of the turbo fan, the air filter element completely covers the air inlet of the turbo fan and is fixed on it, the bottom surface of the optical subsystem is provided with a lower panel, the lower panel is provided on the turbine fan The bottom of the fan and dust cover is connected to the outer shell by means including but not limited to screws, snaps, welding, etc., the lower panel is provided with an opening for the lens group to output the laser beam, the bottom of the lower panel is provided with power supply and data electrodes, the bottom of the lower panel is provided with magnet rings around, each optical subsystem is magnetically attracted to the groove of the laser fixing plate for accommodating the magnet ring through the magnet ring, the power supply and data electrodes are in contact with the power supply and data interface contacts of the laser fixing plate, one end of the fiber optic armored hard tube is connected to the fiber optic interface, and the other end of the fiber optic armored hard tube is connected to the cooling subsystem.

[0018] Furthermore, the lens group includes a condenser, a water nozzle, a water pipe, a collimator, a cooling and light-guiding water tank and a linear focusing mirror, the condenser is arranged on the top of the lens group, the lens group includes a condenser connected to the bottom of the laser terminal, a collimator is arranged below the condenser, a cooling and light-guiding water tank is arranged below the collimator, a linear focusing mirror is arranged below the cooling and light-guiding water tank, the linear focusing mirror end of the lens group is inserted into the dust cover, the cooling and light-guiding water tank includes a focusing mirror side water hole and a collimator side water hole, the focusing mirror side water hole and the collimator side water hole are respectively arranged on both sides of the cooling and light-guiding water tank, the focusing mirror side water hole and the collimator side water hole are respectively connected to water pipes, and the water pipes are respectively connected to water nozzles;

[0019] The collimating mirror protrudes into the cooling and light-guiding water tank on one side, that is, the side in contact with the cooling water, and its uppermost edge or the lowermost edge when inverted fits the inner diameter or inner edge of the collimating mirror side water hole at the junction of the cooling and light-guiding water tank inner wall. The focusing mirror protrudes into the cooling and light-guiding water tank on one side, and its lowermost edge or the uppermost edge when inverted fits the inner diameter or inner edge of the focusing mirror side water hole. The inner diameters of the focusing mirror side water hole and the collimating mirror side water hole are the same.

[0020] Furthermore, the cooling subsystem includes a condenser, a condenser fan, a compressor, a water tank, a water pump, a water purification filter element, an evaporator and a laser light source generator;

[0021] The condenser is arranged on both sides of the outside of the second structural plate. A condenser fan is arranged on the front side of the condenser, and its wind direction is toward the outside of the device. A water tank is arranged at the bottom of the compressor. Water pumps are connected to both sides of the water tank. A water purification filter element is connected to one side of each water pump. The evaporator and the laser light source generator are arranged at the four corners of the core mechanical part. The water purification filter element and the evaporator are connected to the laser light source generator. The evaporator and the laser light source generator output cooling water through a pipeline to the optical subsystem, and the output laser is input into the optical subsystem through the optical fiber.

[0022] Furthermore, the control subsystem includes a control panel, a white light scanner, a plurality of light spot temperature probes, and a plurality of post-light spot temperature probes. The control panel is arranged above the interior of the device and is connected to the steel frame via a steel structure. The control panel includes a PLC and a switch. The switch is used to manage the main and branch power supply of the device. The PLC is used to control the optical subsystem and the cooling subsystem, and is used for external data exchange.

[0023] The white light scanners are grouped together, one above and one below. Each group is arranged behind several groups of straightening rollers from the outside of the device to the inside of the device and before the light spot irradiated by the first group of working lasers on the workpiece. The white light scanner is provided with one group at each end of the device. The light spot temperature probe and the temperature probe after the light spot are arranged around one end of the linear focusing mirror of the lens group and in the dustproof cover by methods including but not limited to bolting, bonding, and snap connection. The light spot temperature probe faces the light spot, and the temperature probe after the light spot faces behind the light spot.

[0024] A method for using an online laser descaling device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step S1. Workpiece Transfer: The workpiece enters the device through symmetrical receiving and unloading ports and is clamped and limited by straightening rollers. The device must meet the design speed requirement of ≥150 m / min. The actual operating speed will match the operating speed of the cold rolling mill and coiler on the same production line.

[0026] Step S2. Surface condition detection: A white light scanner at the feed end scans the workpiece surface in real time, obtains initial color data (RGB value / grayscale value) and uploads it to the PLC;

[0027] Step S3. Laser descaling: The workpiece passes through at least two optical subsystems in sequence, and each optical subsystem irradiates with the following parameters:

[0028] Wavelength: 1064nm (±5%), pulse width adjustable from 60 to 120ns, pulse energy adjustable from 0 to 4000W, frequency: 10kHz (±5%); linear spot size: 50 to 300mm (width) x 1mm (length), spot spacing ≥ 6mm; when processing workpieces wider than 300mm, additional optical subsystems are added laterally; the laser beam is offset from the workpiece surface normal by an angle of 1.2 to 1.8 times the spot width;

[0029] Step S4. Removal of vaporized oxides: The purge blower blows the vaporized oxides into the dust suction blower at an angle of 15° to 45° to the workpiece surface, and the vaporized oxides are filtered by the air filter element of the dust removal system and then discharged;

[0030] Step S5. Descaling quality inspection: The white light scanner at the discharge end scans the surface color data of the workpiece after descaling and uploads it to the PLC;

[0031] Step S6. Closed-loop power control: Before the device is operated, the workpiece surface color control mode based on white light scanner illumination is selected in the PLC through the control interface according to the process requirements: if there is a clear requirement for the percentage of workpiece oxide layer removal, the automatic color difference mode is selected; if there is a clear requirement for the final surface color of the workpiece, the preset color value mode is selected;

[0032] When implementing steps S2, S3, and S5, the PLC executes the following control logic in real time (executes the corresponding color control loop according to the selected mode):

[0033] Color control loop (automatic color difference mode): compares the color value of the incoming material (Color_in) with the color value of the outgoing material (Color_out) and calculates the color difference ΔColor. If ΔColor ≥ the set threshold, the energy-saving mode is activated and reverse adjustments are made starting from the final optical subsystem, reducing the power in a step-by-step manner. After each power reduction, ΔColor is re-checked as the workpiece moves a certain distance, and the power is restored to the previous level when ΔColor < the set threshold. If ΔColor < the set threshold, the standard-reaching mode is activated and sequential adjustments are made starting from the first optical subsystem, increasing the power in a step-by-step manner. When the surface temperature of the workpiece output light spot from all laser subsystems reaches 4200°C and ΔColor still does not meet the standard, an incomplete descaling alarm is triggered.

[0034] Color control loop (preset color value mode): The PLC pre-loads the target discharge color value (Color_set) and compares it with the reading of the discharge color value (Color_out). If Color_out ≥ Color_set (i.e., closer to white), the energy-saving mode is activated and the adjustment is carried out in reverse order starting from the last-stage optical subsystem, with a stepped power reduction. After each power reduction, Color_out is re-detected as the workpiece passes through a certain distance until Color_out < Color_set, at which point the power of the previous level is immediately restored. If Color_out < Color_set, the compliance mode is activated and the adjustment is carried out in sequence starting from the first-stage optical subsystem, with a stepped power increase. When the temperature of the output spot of all laser subsystems on the upper surface of the workpiece reaches 4200 °C and Color_out still does not meet the standard, the incomplete descaling alarm is triggered.

[0035] Temperature control loop: The spot temperature probe monitors the process temperature in real time; the post-spot temperature probe monitors the residual temperature in the area within 6 mm of the surface of the workpiece behind the spot. In the protection mode, if the residual temperature > 450 °C (or fine-tuned according to process requirements), the power of the corresponding optical subsystem is immediately individually reduced; in the stress relief mode, if the residual temperature > 650 °C (or fine-tuned according to process requirements), the power is immediately individually reduced below the threshold.

[0036] Conflict handling: The temperature control instruction takes precedence over the color control loop. When the residual temperature exceeds the limit, the color control loop process is immediately interrupted and an emergency power reduction operation is performed. After the temperature returns to normal, the color control loop is restarted.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S6, in the stress relief mode, the PLC simultaneously controls the residual temperature not to be lower than the lower limit set by the process.

[0038] Advantages of the present invention:

[0039] 1. Significantly more environmentally friendly, without any pickling waste liquid.

[0040] 2. No need to replace consumables (no need to fill pickling solution; no need to replace descaling rolls either).

[0041] 3. The length of the device is significantly controlled. The length of the prototype model of this machine is only about two meters, which is significantly reduced compared to the length of hundreds of meters of the pickling production line.

[0042] 4. The processing speed of this device is not restricted and can reach a processing speed similar to or even higher than that of the traditional pickling production line, and the speed is significantly higher than that of the descaling roll, which is conducive to directly integrating the laser pickling equipment into the cold rolling production line to achieve on-line operation.

[0043] 5. This device can achieve reversible operation, with no restrictions on the feeding and discharging directions, and can be from left to right or from right to left.

[0044] 6. The processing speed of this device is not limited and can reach a processing speed similar to or even higher than that of a traditional pickling production line. The speed is significantly higher than that of a descaling roller, which is conducive to directly integrating the laser pickling equipment into the cold rolling production line to achieve online operation.

[0045] 7. The special lens group with protective design can achieve 7×24 hours continuous operation, shorten the downtime for maintenance, improve production efficiency and output, extend the life of the equipment, reduce maintenance costs and achieve cost reduction.

[0046] 8. The mechanical, optical and cooling components are modularly disassembled and assembled, and have magnetic attraction, anti-fool and other easy-to-assemble and disassemble designs to achieve convenient maintenance.

[0047] 9. The components are highly airtight, the exhaust gas in the working area of ​​the device is well isolated, and it is equipped with an exhaust gas treatment device, which can effectively protect the air environment of the factory and the health and safety of operators while protecting the equipment itself.

[0048] 10. The operator only needs to simply select the working mode of the device, and the device will automatically control the processing of the workpiece to achieve closed-loop automation without the need for continuous human operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the core mechanical part of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the core mechanical part of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 A diagram showing the relationship between the roller system, optical subsystem, and white light scanner in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 3D views of the roller system, optical subsystem, and white light scanner in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection and fixing method of the roller system in the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the purge panel of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the purge panel in the present invention;

[0057] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the dust removal panel in the present invention;

[0058] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of the laser fixing plate in the present invention;

[0059] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the connection between the optical subsystem and the laser fixing plate in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 12 are multiple views of the optical subsystem of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 13 An exploded view of the optical subsystem of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the last section of the optical fiber, the lens assembly, the light spot temperature probe, and the temperature probe behind the light spot in the present invention;

[0063] Figure 15 A diagram showing the spatial relationship among the optical subsystem, cooling subsystem, and control subsystem in the present invention;

[0064] Figure 16 This is the main control flow chart (automatic color difference mode) of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 17 This is the power-saving sub-image (automatic color difference mode) of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 18 This is the sub-image of the invention showing the power reaching the target (automatic color difference mode);

[0067] Figure 19 This is the temperature control sub-graph of the present invention (automatic color difference mode);

[0068] Figure 20 This is the main control flow chart of the present invention (preset color value mode);

[0069] Figure 21 This is the power-saving sub-image (preset color value mode) of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 22 This is the power-up target sub-graph (preset color value mode) of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 23 This is the temperature control sub-graph of the present invention (preset color value mode);

[0072] Figure 24 This is a cooling flow chart of the present invention;

[0073] In the figure: 1. Core mechanical part, 1-1. Roller system, 1-1-1. Straightening roller, 1-1-2. Material receiving / discharging port, 1-2. Steel frame, 1-2-1. Main structural steel frame, 1-2-2. Bearing seat, 1-2-3. Bearing, 1-2-4. Bolt, 1-3. Purge panel, 1-3-1. First structural plate, 1-3-2. Purge fan, 1-4. Dust removal panel, 1-4-1. Second structural plate, 1-4-2. Dust suction fan, 1-4-3. Air guide structure, 1-4-4. Air filter element of dust removal system, 1-5. Laser fixing plate, 1-5-1. Anti-fouling notch, 1-5-2. Groove for accommodating the magnet ring, 1-5-3. Opening for laser light, 1-5-4. Power supply and data interface contacts, 1-6. Anchor bolt;

[0074] 2. Optical subsystem, 2-1. Fiber optic interface, 2-2. Air intake cover, 2-3. Upper panel, 2-4. End section of optical fiber, 2-4-1. Laser terminal, 2-5. Lens assembly, 2-5-1. Focusing hood, 2-5-2. Water nozzle, 2-5-3. Water pipe, 2-5-4. Collimating mirror, 2-5-5. Cooling and light guide water tank, 2-5-5-1. Water hole on the side of focusing mirror, 2-5-5-2. Water hole on the side of collimating mirror, 2-5-6. Linear focusing mirror, 2-6. Air filter, 2-7. Turbofan, 2-8. Dust cover, 2-9. Lower panel, 2-10. Power supply and data electrodes, 2-10-1. Power supply and data interface contacts, 2-11. Magnet ring, 2-12. Fiber optic armored rigid tube;

[0075] 3. Cooling subsystem, 3-1. Condenser, 3-2. Condenser fan, 3-3. Compressor, 3-4. Water tank, 3-5. Water pump, 3-6. Water purification filter, 3-7. Evaporator and laser light source generator;

[0076] 4. Control panel;

[0077] 5. White light scanner;

[0078] 6. Spot temperature probe;

[0079] 7. Temperature probe behind the light spot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0081] The workpieces described in the present invention mainly include plates and strips of carbon steel, low alloy steel, alloy steel, and titanium alloy.

[0082] like Figure 1 、 3 As shown in Figure 15, an online laser descaling device includes a core mechanical part 1, several optical subsystems 2, a cooling subsystem 3 and a control subsystem. The several optical subsystems 2 are fixed to the core mechanical part 1 by magnetic attraction. The cooling subsystem 3 and the light source generator contained therein are connected to the several optical subsystems 2. The control subsystem is connected to the several optical subsystems 2 and the cooling subsystem 3. The core mechanical part 1 is used to guide the workpiece transportation, support the various components of the device and fix the device to the ground. The several optical subsystems 2 are used to output working lasers and remove oxide scales on the workpiece. The cooling subsystem 3 is used to cool the several optical subsystems 2. The control subsystem is used to supply power to and control the several optical subsystems 2 and the cooling subsystem 3.

[0083] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the core mechanical part 1 includes a roller system 1-1, a steel frame 1-2, a purge panel 1-3, a dust removal panel 1-4, a laser fixing plate 1-5 and several anchor bolts 1-6.

[0084] The roller system 1-1 is arranged on the steel frame 1-2, the purge panel 1-3 is arranged on the front side of the steel frame 1-2, the dust removal panel 1-4 is arranged on the rear side of the steel frame 1-2, and the upper and lower sides of the steel frame 1-2 are provided with laser fixing plates 1-5. The purge panel 1-3, the dust removal panel 1-4 and the laser fixing plate 1-5 are all fixed to the steel frame 1-2 by means including but not limited to welding, bolt fixing, rivets, mortise and tenon, snap fasteners, bonding, etc., and the several anchor bolts 1-6 are arranged at the bottom of the core mechanical part 1, and the core mechanical part 1 is fixed to the ground by the anchor bolts 1-6.

[0085] The purge panel 1-3, the dust removal panel 1-4 and the laser fixing plate 1-5 are fixed by a steel frame, together forming a relatively closed space to ensure that the gasified oxide mist will neither invade the electromechanical components of the device nor directly discharge exhaust gas to cause air pollution.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the roller system 1-1 includes several straightening rollers 1-1-1 and a receiving / discharging port 1-1-2. The receiving / discharging port 1-1-2 is arranged on both sides of the roller system 1-1, and their positions are symmetrical and identical to achieve reversibility of the processing direction. The several straightening rollers 1-1-1 are arranged between the receiving / discharging port 1-1-2. The straightening rollers 1-1-1 are used to clamp and limit the workpiece. The receiving / discharging port 1-1-2 is provided with a curved structure in longitudinal section. The curved structure is a structure with an outer opening that expands and converges in a positive arch shape toward the middle section, and then converges in a reverse arch shape from the middle section to the end section. The height of the end section of the curved structure near the workpiece is lower than the outer radius of the first straightening roller 1-1-1 after the receiving / discharging port 1-1-2, ensuring smooth entry and exit of the workpiece into the device and preventing material jamming.

[0087] like Figure 6 As shown, the steel frame 1-2 includes several main structure steel frames 1-2-1, several bearing seats 1-2-2, several bearings 1-2-3 and several bolts 1-2-4. Several bolt eyes are evenly arranged on the main structure steel frame 1-2-1, and two through holes are evenly arranged on the bearing seat 1-2-2. The main structure steel frame 1-2-1 and the bearing seat 1-2-2 are connected by several bolts 1-2-4. Every two bearings 1-2-3 are fixed on each bearing seat 1-2-2, and the left and right sides of the straightening roller 1-1-1 are fixed on the bearing seat 1-2-2 through bearings 1-2-3.

[0088] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the purge panel 1-3 includes a first structural plate 1-3-1 and a plurality of purge fans 1-3-2, and the plurality of purge fans 1-3-2 are fixedly arranged on the first structural plate 1-3-1.

[0089] Since the oxide scale may not be completely vaporized after being irradiated by the laser, that is, it may not float away from the workpiece surface by itself without the aid of external force, and the oxides remaining on the workpiece surface may damage the workpiece surface due to being in a molten state or residual high temperature, the wind force of the purge fan 1-3-2 is large enough and the airflow is concentrated, which can blow the vaporized oxides away from the workpiece surface in time. The purge fan 1-3-2 is a wind tube type device based on a high-pressure fan or turbine, and its air outlet should be significantly smaller than the air inlet to create sufficient wind pressure, and the air outlet has a certain deflection so that the output airflow can act efficiently on the workpiece surface.

[0090] like Figure 9 As shown, the dust removal panel 1-4 includes a second structural plate 1-4-1, several dust suction fans 1-4-2, several air guide structures 1-4-3, and several dust removal system air filter cartridges 1-4-4. One end of each of the dust suction fans 1-4-2 is provided with a dust collection hood, and the other ends of each of the dust suction fans 1-4-2 pass through the second structural plate 1-4-1 and connect to the air guide structure 1-4-3. Each of the air guide structures 1-4-3 is connected to the dust removal system air filter cartridges 1-4-4. The dust suction fans 1-4-2 ultimately deliver the collected oxide mist to the dust removal system air filter cartridges 1-4-4.

[0091] The air filter element 1-4-4 of the dust removal system is preferably of wide-body and ultra-thin design that saves space. A quick-detachable gill-shaped washable electrostatic filter element can be selected, and the control subsystem can provide it with power.

[0092] like Figure 10 As shown, the laser fixing plate 1-5 includes a foolproof notch 1-5-1, a groove 1-5-2 for accommodating a magnet ring, an opening 1-5-3 for laser light, and power supply and data interface contacts 1-5-4. The laser fixing plate 1-5 is provided with several opening areas, each of which is provided with a foolproof notch 1-5-1 with a fixed orientation to prevent incorrect installation direction and ensure a unique installation orientation. Each opening area is provided with a groove 1-5-2 for accommodating a magnet ring. The laser light opening 1-5-3 is provided on the groove 1-5-2 for accommodating a magnet ring. The power supply and data interface contacts 1-5-4 are provided on the laser fixing plate 1-5. The power supply and data interface contacts 1-5-4, on the one hand, supply power to various electrical components within the optical subsystem 2, and on the other hand, transmit the readings of the spot temperature probe 6 and the post-spot temperature probe 7 within the optical subsystem 2 to the control subsystem.

[0093] The groove 1-5-2 for accommodating the magnet ring matches the shape of the magnet ring 2-11 to maximize the magnetic attraction area, ensure secure fixation, and facilitate positioning of the slot, further enabling quick and easy installation, reliability, and ease of maintenance. Furthermore, the structure of the magnet ring and the groove can achieve a certain degree of sealing to protect the optical subsystem 2.

[0094] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the optical subsystem 2 is provided in at least two groups, each with two optical subsystems. Each group is provided with one optical subsystem above and below the workpiece as the symmetry axis. If a workpiece with a width exceeding the maximum spot width of a single optical subsystem 2 needs to be processed, an additional optical subsystem 2 can be provided laterally.

[0095] like Figure 11-Figure 15 As shown, the optical subsystem 2 includes a housing, a fiber optic interface 2-1, an air intake cover 2-2, an upper panel 2-3, an end optical fiber 2-4, a lens group 2-5, an air filter element 2-6, a turbofan 2-7, a dust cover 2-8, a lower panel 2-9, a power supply and data electrode 2-10, a magnet ring 2-11 and a fiber optic armored hard tube 2-12.

[0096] The optical subsystem 2 is provided with a housing on its side and an upper panel 2-3 on its top. The upper panel 2-3 is equipped with a fiber optic interface 2-1 and an air intake cover 2-2. The bottom of the fiber optic interface 2-1 is connected to the top of the final optical fiber 2-4. The final optical fiber 2-4 includes a laser terminal 2-4-1, which is located at the bottom of the final optical fiber 2-4. The laser terminal 2-4-1 is connected to the lens assembly 2-5. One end of the lens assembly 2-5 is inserted into a dust shield 2-8. The air inlet of the dust shield 2-8 is connected to the air outlet of a turbofan 2-7. The turbofan 2-7 continuously discharges air, creating a protective airflow for the linear focusing lens 2-5-6 of the lens assembly 2-5 to prevent floating vaporized oxide particles from invading the linear focusing lens 2-5-6. An air filter 2-6 completely covers the air inlet of the turbofan 2-7 and is fixed to it to ensure the cleanliness of the output airflow. The bottom surface of the optical subsystem 2 is provided with a lower panel 2-9, which is arranged at the bottom of the turbofan 2-7 and the dust cover 2-8, and is connected to the outer shell by means including but not limited to screws, snaps, welding, etc. The lower panel 2-9 is provided with an opening for the lens group 2-5 to output the laser beam, and the bottom of the lower panel 2-9 is provided with a power supply and data electrode 2-10. The bottom of the lower panel 2-9 is provided with a magnet ring 2-11 around the bottom. Each optical subsystem 2 is magnetically attracted to the groove 1-5-2 of the laser fixing plate 1-5 for accommodating the magnet ring through the magnet ring 2-11, and the power supply and data electrode 2-10 is in contact with the power supply and data interface contact 1-5-4 of the laser fixing plate 1-5. One end of the optical fiber armored hard tube 2-12 is connected to the optical fiber interface 2-1, and the other end of the optical fiber armored hard tube 2-12 is connected to the cooling subsystem 3. The optical fiber armored hard tube 2-12 can prevent the optical fiber from bending during maintenance and installation operations.

[0097] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lens group 2-5 includes a condenser 2-5-1, a water nozzle 2-5-2, a water pipe 2-5-3, a collimator 2-5-4, a cooling and light-guiding water cabin 2-5-5 and a linear focusing mirror 2-5-6, the condenser 2-5-1 is arranged on the top of the lens group 2-5, the lens group 2-5 includes a condenser 2-5-1 connected to the bottom of the laser terminal 2-4, a collimator 2-5-4 is arranged below the condenser 2-5-1, a cooling and light-guiding water cabin 2-5-5 is arranged below the collimator 2-5-4, a linear focusing mirror 2-5-6 is arranged below the cooling and light-guiding water cabin 2-5-5, and the end of the linear focusing mirror 2-5-6 of the lens group 2-5 is inserted into the dustproof protective cover 2-8. After the laser is focused in the condenser, it first enters the collimating lens 2-5-4 and converges into a linear laser, and then passes through the linear focusing lens 2-5-6 to output a linear working laser.

[0098] The cooling and light-guiding water cabin 2-5-5 includes a focusing mirror side water hole 2-5-5-1 and a collimating mirror side water hole 2-5-5-2, and the focusing mirror side water hole 2-5-5-1 and the collimating mirror side water hole 2-5-5-2 are respectively arranged on both sides of the cooling and light-guiding water cabin 2-5-5, and the focusing mirror side water hole 2-5-5-1 and the collimating mirror side water hole 2-5-5-2 are respectively connected to a water pipe 2-5-3, and the water pipe 2-5-3 is respectively connected to a water nozzle 2-5-2.

[0099] The collimating mirror 2-5-4 protrudes from one side of the cooling and light-guiding water tank 2-5-5, that is, the side in contact with the cooling water, into the cooling and light-guiding water tank 2-5-5, and its uppermost edge or lowermost edge when inverted fits the inner diameter or inner edge of the collimating mirror side water hole 2-5-5-2 at the junction of the inner wall of the cooling and light-guiding water tank 2-5-5. The focusing mirror 2-5-6 protrudes from one side of the cooling and light-guiding water tank 2-5-5, and its lowermost edge or uppermost edge when inverted fits the inner diameter or inner edge of the focusing mirror side water hole 2-5-5-1. The purpose is to ensure that no air bubbles are generated in the cooling and light-guiding water tank 2-5-5. Regardless of the connection, the water inlet end is indirectly pressured by the water pump 3-5 on the pipeline. The inner diameters of the focusing mirror side water hole 2-5-5-1 and the collimating mirror side water hole 2-5-5-2 are the same.

[0100] In the cooling and light-guiding water chamber 2-5-5, water must flow from bottom to top to fill the space to meet the cooling water defoaming requirements. Because part of the optical subsystem 2 is fixed upside down on the laser fixing plate 1-5 below, the water pipe 2-5-3 and the water nozzle 2-5-2 should be connected to the pipeline related to the cooling subsystem 3 to distinguish the upside-down inlet and outlet interfaces of the inverted optical subsystem 2.

[0101] Pure, filtered, impurity-free water flows through the cooling and light-guiding water chamber, continuously cooling the collimating and linear focusing lenses. Because the collimating and linear focusing lenses are exposed to cold water over a large area within this device, the heat dissipation is superior to traditional peripheral water cooling systems. Furthermore, the laser light passes between the collimating and focusing lenses in a straight, perpendicular line, without refraction. In short, this device improves lens heat dissipation efficiency while simplifying the lens assembly structure. Its primary purpose is to design a cooling system specifically to enable 24 / 7 continuous operation of the entire system.

[0102] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 15As shown, the cooling subsystem 3 includes a condenser 3-1, a condenser fan 3-2, a compressor 3-3, a water tank 3-4, a water pump 3-5, a water purification filter 3-6, and an evaporator and laser light source generator 3-7. One of the main functions of the cooling subsystem is to circulate cold water to supply the optical subsystem 2.

[0103] The condenser 3-1 is arranged on both sides of the outside of the second structural plate 1-4-1, and a condenser fan 3-2 is arranged on the front side of the condenser 3-1, and its wind direction is toward the outside of the device. A water tank 3-4 is arranged at the bottom of the compressor 3-3, and water pumps 3-5 are connected to both sides of the water tank 3-4. A water purification filter element 3-6 is connected to one side of each water pump 3-5. The evaporator and laser light source generator 3-7 are arranged at the four corners of the core mechanical part 1, and the water purification filter element 3-6 and the evaporator and laser light source generator 3-7 are connected. The evaporator and laser light source generator 3-7 output cooling water through a pipeline to the optical subsystem 2, and the output laser is input into the optical subsystem 2 through an optical fiber.

[0104] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 、 Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the control subsystem includes a control panel 4, a white light scanner 5, a plurality of light spot temperature probes 6, and a plurality of post-light spot temperature probes 7. The control panel 4 is arranged above the interior of the device and is connected to the steel frame 1-2 via a steel structure. The control panel 4 includes a PLC and a switch. The switch is used to manage the main and branch power supply on and off of the device. The PLC is used to control the optical subsystem 2 and the cooling subsystem 3 and is used for external data exchange.

[0105] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control panel 4 can be arranged outside the device while ensuring that it is correctly connected to the device's power supply, data, and communication cables.

[0106] The white light scanners 5 are grouped together, one at the top and one at the bottom. Each group is arranged behind several groups of straightening rollers 1-1-1 from the outside of the device to the inside of the device and before the light spot irradiated by the first group of working lasers on the workpiece. The white light scanners 5 are arranged with one group at each end of the device. Since the running direction of the device is reversible, no matter which group of white light scanners is triggered when the workpiece is fed, the one at the other end is defined as the white light scanner at the feeding end, and the one at the other end is defined as the white light scanner at the discharging end.

[0107] The light spot temperature probe 6 and the temperature probe behind the light spot 7 are arranged around one end of the linear focusing mirror of the lens group 2-5 and inside the dust cover 2-8 by methods including but not limited to bolting, bonding, and snap connection. The light spot temperature probe 6 faces the light spot, and the temperature probe behind the light spot 7 faces behind the light spot.

[0108] The detection rays of the spot temperature probe 6 and the post-spot temperature probe 7 should not be blocked by the area outside the opening of the lower panel 2-9, that is, the detection rays must pass through the opening of the lower panel 2-9 and the opening 1-5-3 for laser light, and irradiate the specified position on the workpiece surface without overlapping with the working laser beam.

[0109] A method for using an online laser descaling device comprises the following steps:

[0110] Step S1. Workpiece Transfer: The workpiece enters the device through the symmetrical receiving / discharging port 1-1-2 and is clamped and limited by the straightening roller 1-1-1. The device must meet the design speed requirement of ≥150m / min; the actual operating speed will match the operating speed of equipment such as the cold rolling mill and coiler on the same production line.

[0111] Step S2. Surface state detection: The white light scanner 5 at the feed end scans the workpiece surface in real time, obtains the initial color data (RGB value / grayscale value) and uploads it to the PLC.

[0112] Step S3. Laser descaling: The workpiece passes through at least two sets of optical subsystems 2 in sequence, and each set of optical subsystems 2 irradiates with the following parameters:

[0113] Wavelength: 1064nm (±5%), pulse width adjustable from 60 to 120ns, pulse energy adjustable from 0 to 4000W, frequency: 10kHz (±5%); linear spot size: 50 to 300mm (width) × 1mm (length), spot spacing ≥ 6mm; when processing workpieces with a width of more than 300mm, additional optical subsystems 2 are added laterally; the laser light is offset from the normal to the workpiece surface, and the offset distance is 1.2 to 1.8 times the spot width.

[0114] Step S4. Removal of vaporized oxides: The purge fan 1-3-2 blows the vaporized oxides into the dust suction fan 1-4-2 at an angle of 15° to 45° to the workpiece surface, and the vaporized oxides are filtered by the dust removal system air filter 1-4-4 and then discharged.

[0115] Step S5. Descaling quality inspection: The white light scanner 5 at the discharge end scans the surface color data of the workpiece after descaling and uploads it to the PLC.

[0116] Step S6. Closed-loop power control: Before the device is put into operation, the workpiece surface color control mode based on the illumination of the white light scanner 5 is selected in the PLC through the control interface according to the process requirements: if there is a clear requirement for the percentage of workpiece oxide layer removal, the automatic color difference mode is selected; if there is a clear requirement for the final surface color of the workpiece, the preset color value mode is selected;

[0117] When implementing steps S2, S3, and S5, the PLC executes the following control logic in real time (executes the corresponding color control loop according to the selected mode):

[0118] Color control loop (automatic color difference mode): Compare the incoming material color value (Color_in) with the outgoing material color value (Color_out), and calculate the color difference ΔColor; if ΔColor ≥ the set threshold, activate the energy-saving mode and start adjusting in reverse order from the last-stage optical subsystem 2, reducing the power step by step. After each power reduction, re-detect ΔColor after the workpiece passes through a certain distance until ΔColor < the set threshold, and then immediately restore the power of the previous level; if ΔColor < the set threshold, activate the compliance mode and start adjusting in sequence from the first-stage optical subsystem 2, increasing the power step by step. When the temperature of the output light spot of all laser subsystems on the upper surface of the workpiece reaches 4200°C and ΔColor still does not meet the standard, trigger the incomplete descaling alarm;

[0119] Color control loop (preset color value mode): The PLC pre-loads the target outgoing material color value (Color_set) and compares the reading of the outgoing material color value (Color_out); if Color_out ≥ Color_set (i.e., closer to white), activate the energy-saving mode and start adjusting in reverse order from the last-stage optical subsystem 2, reducing the power step by step. After each power reduction, re-detect Color_out after the workpiece passes through a certain distance until Color_out < Color_set, and then immediately restore the power of the previous level; if Color_out < Color_set, activate the compliance mode and start adjusting in sequence from the first-stage optical subsystem 2, increasing the power step by step. When the temperature of the output light spot of all laser subsystems on the upper surface of the workpiece reaches 4200°C and Color_out still does not meet the standard, trigger the incomplete descaling alarm;

[0120] Temperature control loop: The light spot temperature probe 6 monitors the process temperature in real time; the temperature probe 7 behind the light spot monitors the residual temperature in the area within 6 mm of the surface of the workpiece behind the light spot: In the protection mode, if the residual temperature > 450°C (or fine-tuned according to the process requirements), immediately reduce the power of the corresponding optical subsystem 2 individually; in the stress relief mode, if the residual temperature > 650°C (or fine-tuned according to the process requirements), immediately reduce the power below the threshold individually.

[0121] Conflict handling: The temperature control instruction takes precedence over the color control loop. When the residual temperature exceeds the limit, immediately interrupt the color control loop process and perform an emergency power reduction operation. Restart the color control loop after the temperature returns to normal.

[0122] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, in the stress relief mode, the PLC simultaneously controls the residual temperature not to be lower than the lower limit set by the process.

[0123] Figure 16-Figure 18This is a flow chart of the color control loop in the automatic color difference mode in step S6. Figure 16 The main control process based on color difference is demonstrated: after the workpiece enters, the system is initialized, and all optical subsystems start with the default value of 3000℃; the color values ​​of the input and output materials are read and the color difference ΔColor is calculated; based on the comparison result of ΔColor with the threshold, the power reduction to save energy or the power increase to meet the standard are selected; after completing temperature control, the system status is detected, and the process is executed in a loop or terminated.

[0124] Figure 17 This section describes the energy-saving adjustment process for automatic color difference mode: starting with optical subsystem No. 4, the power is gradually reduced in the order of 4 → 3 → 2 → 1. After each adjustment, the workpiece is allowed to pass and the ΔColor is re-checked. If the new ΔColor remains within the standard, the next device is adjusted; otherwise, the power is restored to the previous level and the current optical subsystem is locked.

[0125] Figure 18 The quality improvement process for the automatic color difference mode is shown: starting with optical subsystem No. 1, the power is gradually increased in the order of 1→2→3→4. After each power increase, the ΔColor is tested and the power is locked if it meets the standard. If all optical subsystems still do not meet the standard after reaching 4200°C, an incomplete descaling alarm is triggered.

[0126] Figure 19 is a flow chart of the temperature control loop in the automatic color difference mode in step S6, Figure 19 The temperature management mechanism is described as follows: the process temperature is detected for each optical subsystem, and the PID power is adjusted when it deviates from the target value. When the process temperature is stable, the residual temperature is detected, and the power is immediately reduced if it exceeds 450°C (protection mode) or 650°C (stress relief mode).

[0127] Figure 20-22 This is a flow chart of the color control loop in the preset color value mode in step S6. Figure 20 The main control process based on preset values ​​is presented: after initialization, the optical subsystem starts at 3000℃ and loads the preset color value Color_set; reads the output color value Color_out; selects the energy-saving or standard-compliant path based on the comparison result of Color_out and Color_set; and after temperature control, the system status is detected to form a closed loop.

[0128] Figure 21 Demonstrates energy-saving adjustment in the preset color value mode: power is reduced in reverse from optical subsystem 4; the new Color_out is detected after each adjustment; if Color_out is lower than the preset value, power is restored and locked; otherwise, adjustment continues with the next optical subsystem.

[0129] Figure 22Describes quality control for a preset color value mode: Increase power from optical subsystem 1 in a forward direction; lock power if the new Color_out meets the standard; and trigger an incomplete descaling alarm if all optical subsystems reach the upper limit of 4200°C and still fail to meet the standard.

[0130] Figure 23 The preset color value mode and the automatic color difference mode have the same temperature management: the process temperature is detected on each device for PID adjustment; the residual temperature is monitored to trigger two-level protection (>450℃ protection mode / >650℃ stress relief mode).

[0131] Figure 24 The dual-circulation cooling architecture of the optical subsystem is demonstrated: in the refrigerant cycle, the compressor 3-3 presses the gaseous refrigerant into the condenser 3-1, where it is liquefied and releases heat under the forced air cooling action of the condenser fan 3-2. The liquefied refrigerant then enters the evaporator and laser light source generator 3-7 to absorb the heat generated by the optical subsystem and vaporize. In the cooling water cycle, the filtered water stored in the water tank 3-4 is precisely filtered by the water purification filter element 3-6 and then pressurized by the water pump 3-5 to be transported to the optical subsystem 2 for cooling. The hot water after absorbing heat flows back to the evaporator and laser light source generator 3-7 to be cooled secondary by the refrigerant, forming a closed heat exchange loop, ensuring long-term continuous and stable operation of the optical subsystem under high-temperature conditions.

[0132] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art may adjust the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Therefore, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An online laser descaling device, characterized by: The invention comprises a core mechanical part (1), a plurality of optical subsystems (2), a cooling subsystem (3) and a control subsystem, wherein the plurality of optical subsystems (2) are fixed on the core mechanical part (1) by magnetic attraction, the cooling subsystem (3) and the light source generator contained therein are connected to the plurality of optical subsystems (2), the control subsystem is connected to the plurality of optical subsystems (2) and the cooling subsystem (3), the core mechanical part (1) is used for guiding the workpiece conveying, supporting the various components of the device and fixing the device on the ground, the plurality of optical subsystems (2) are used for outputting working lasers and removing oxide scales of the workpiece, the cooling subsystem (3) is used for cooling the plurality of optical subsystems (2), and the control subsystem is used for supplying power to the plurality of optical subsystems (2) and the cooling subsystem (3) and controlling the plurality of optical subsystems (2) and the cooling subsystem (3).

2. The online laser descaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core mechanical part (1) includes a roller system (1-1), a steel frame (1-2), a purge panel (1-3), a dust removal panel (1-4), a laser fixing plate (1-5) and a plurality of anchor bolts (1-6); The roller system (1-1) is arranged on the steel frame (1-2), the purge panel (1-3) is arranged on the front side of the steel frame (1-2), the dust removal panel (1-4) is arranged on the rear side of the steel frame (1-2), and laser fixing plates (1-5) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the steel frame (1-2). The purge panel (1-3), the dust removal panel (1-4) and the laser fixing plate (1-5) are all fixed to the steel frame (1-2) by means including but not limited to welding, bolt fixing, rivets, mortise and tenon, snap fasteners, bonding, etc., and the plurality of anchor bolts (1-6) are arranged at the bottom of the core mechanical part (1), and the core mechanical part (1) is fixed to the ground by the anchor bolts (1-6).

3. The online laser descaling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The roller system (1-1) comprises a plurality of straightening rollers (1-1-1) and a receiving / discharging port (1-1-2). The receiving / discharging port (1-1-2) is arranged on both sides of the roller system (1-1). The plurality of straightening rollers (1-1-1) are arranged between the receiving / discharging port (1-1-2). The straightening rollers (1-1-1) are used for clamping and limiting the workpiece. The receiving / discharging port (1-1-2) is provided with a curved structure on a longitudinal section. The curved structure is a structure in which the outer opening expands and converges in a positive bow shape toward the middle section and converges in a reverse bow shape from the middle section to the end section. The height of the end section of the curved structure close to the workpiece on the side close to the workpiece is lower than the outer radius of the first straightening roller (1-1-1) behind the receiving / discharging port (1-1-2), so as to ensure that the workpiece can smoothly enter and exit the device. The steel frame (1-2) includes a plurality of main structural steel frames (1-2-1), a plurality of bearing seats (1-2-2), a plurality of bearings (1-2-3) and a plurality of bolts (1-2-4). The main structural steel frame (1-2-1) is evenly provided with a plurality of bolt eyes. The bearing seat (1-2-2) is evenly provided with two through holes. The main structural steel frame (1-2-1) and the bearing seat (1-2-2) are connected by a plurality of bolts (1-2-4). Every two bearings (1-2-3) are fixed on each bearing seat (1-2-2). The left and right sides of the straightening roller (1-1-1) are fixed on the bearing seat (1-2-2) by the bearings (1-2-3).

4. The online laser descaling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purge panel (1-3) comprises a first structural plate (1-3-1) and a plurality of purge fans (1-3-2), wherein the plurality of purge fans (1-3-2) are fixedly arranged on the first structural plate (1-3-1); The dust removal panel (1-4) comprises a second structural plate (1-4-1), a plurality of dust suction fans (1-4-2), a plurality of air guide structural members (1-4-3), and a plurality of dust removal system air filter cartridges (1-4-4); one end of each of the plurality of dust suction fans (1-4-2) is provided with a dust collecting hood; the other ends of each of the plurality of dust suction fans (1-4-2) pass through the second structural plate (1-4-1) and are connected to the air guide structural member (1-4-3); and each of the plurality of air guide structural members (1-4-3) is connected to the dust removal system air filter cartridge (1-4-4); The laser fixing plate (1-5) comprises an anti-fouling notch (1-5-1), a groove (1-5-2) for accommodating a magnet ring, an opening for laser light (1-5-3), and a power supply and data interface contact (1-5-4). The laser fixing plate (1-5) is provided with a plurality of opening areas, each opening area is provided with an anti-fouling notch (1-5-1) with a fixed direction, each opening area is provided with a groove (1-5-2) for accommodating a magnet ring, the opening for laser light (1-5-3) is provided on the groove (1-5-2) for accommodating a magnet ring, and the power supply and data interface contact (1-5-4) is provided on the laser fixing plate (1-5).

5. The online laser descaling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The optical subsystem (2) is provided in at least two groups, each group having two subsystems, and each group is provided with one subsystem above and below the workpiece as a symmetric axis. The optical subsystem (2) comprises a housing, an optical fiber interface (2-1), an air intake cover (2-2), an upper panel (2-3), an end optical fiber (2-4), a lens group (2-5), an air filter element (2-6), a turbofan (2-7), a dust shield (2-8), a lower panel (2-9), a power supply and data electrode (2-10), a magnet ring (2-11), and an optical fiber armored hard tube (2-12). A housing is provided on the side of the optical subsystem (2); an upper panel (2-3) is provided on the top surface of the optical subsystem (2); an optical fiber interface (2-1) and an air intake cover (2-2) are provided on the upper panel (2-3); the bottom of the optical fiber interface (2-1) is connected to the top of the final optical fiber (2-4); the final optical fiber (2-4) includes a laser terminal (2-4-1); the laser terminal (2-4-1) is provided on the final optical fiber (2-4); 4), the laser terminal (2-4-1) is connected to the lens group (2-5), one end of the lens group (2-5) is inserted into the dust cover (2-8), the air inlet of the dust cover (2-8) is connected to the air outlet of the turbo fan (2-7), the air filter (2-6) completely covers the air inlet of the turbo fan (2-7) and is fixed thereon, the bottom surface of the optical subsystem (2) is provided with a lower panel (2-9), the lower panel (2- 9) is arranged at the bottom of the turbofan (2-7) and the dustproof shield (2-8), and is connected to the shell by means including but not limited to screws, snaps, welding, etc., the lower panel (2-9) is provided with an opening for the lens group (2-5) to output the laser beam, the bottom of the lower panel (2-9) is provided with a power supply and data electrode (2-10), the bottom of the lower panel (2-9) is provided with a magnet ring (2-11) around the bottom, each optical subsystem (2) is magnetically attracted to the groove (1-5-2) of the laser fixing plate (1-5) for accommodating the magnet ring through the magnet ring (2-11), the power supply and data electrode (2-10) is in contact with the power supply and data interface contact (1-5-4) of the laser fixing plate (1-5), one end of the optical fiber armored hard tube (2-12) is connected to the optical fiber interface (2-1), and the other end of the optical fiber armored hard tube (2-12) is connected to the cooling subsystem (3).

6. The online laser descaling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lens group (2-5) includes a condenser (2-5-1), a water nozzle (2-5-2), a water pipe (2-5-3), a collimator (2-5-4), a cooling and light-guiding water cabin (2-5-5) and a linear focusing mirror (2-5-6). The condenser (2-5-1) is arranged on the top of the lens group (2-5). The lens group (2-5) includes a condenser (2-5-1) connected to the bottom of the laser terminal (2-4). The collimator (2-5-4) is arranged below the condenser (2-5-1). The cooling and light-guiding water cabin (2-5-5) is arranged below the collimator (2-5-4). The cooling and light-guiding water cabin (2-5-5) is arranged below the cooling and light-guiding water cabin (2-5-5). A focusing mirror (2-5-6), an end of the linear focusing mirror (2-5-6) of the lens group (2-5) is inserted into a dustproof shield (2-8), the cooling and light-guiding water cabin (2-5-5) comprises a focusing mirror side water hole (2-5-5-1) and a collimating mirror side water hole (2-5-5-2), the focusing mirror side water hole (2-5-5-1) and the collimating mirror side water hole (2-5-5-2) are respectively arranged on both sides of the cooling and light-guiding water cabin (2-5-5), the focusing mirror side water hole (2-5-5-1) and the collimating mirror side water hole (2-5-5-2) are respectively connected to a water pipe (2-5-3), and the water pipe (2-5-3) is respectively connected to a water nozzle (2-5-2); The collimating mirror (2-5-4) protrudes from the cooling and light-guiding water tank (2-5-5) on one side thereof, that is, the side in contact with the cooling water, and the uppermost edge thereof or the lowermost edge thereof when inverted fits in contact with the inner diameter or inner edge of the joint portion of the collimating mirror side water hole (2-5-5-2) on the inner wall of the cooling and light-guiding water tank (2-5-5). The focusing mirror (2-5-6) protrudes from the cooling and light-guiding water tank (2-5-5) on one side thereof, and the lowermost edge thereof or the uppermost edge thereof when inverted fits in contact with the inner diameter or inner edge of the focusing mirror side water hole (2-5-5-1). The inner diameters of the focusing mirror side water hole (2-5-5-1) and the collimating mirror side water hole (2-5-5-2) are the same.

7. The online laser descaling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling subsystem (3) includes a condenser (3-1), a condenser fan (3-2), a compressor (3-3), a water tank (3-4), a water pump (3-5), a water purification filter element (3-6), and an evaporator and a laser light source generator (3-7); The condenser (3-1) is arranged on both sides of the outside of the second structural plate (1-4-1); a condenser fan (3-2) is arranged on the front side of the condenser (3-1), and its wind direction is toward the outside of the device; a water tank (3-4) is arranged at the bottom of the compressor (3-3); water pumps (3-5) are connected to both sides of the water tank (3-4); a water purification filter element (3-6) is connected to one side of each water pump (3-5); the evaporator and the laser light source generator (3-7) are arranged at the four corners of the core mechanical part (1); the water purification filter element (3-6) and the evaporator are connected to the laser light source generator (3-7); the evaporator and the laser light source generator (3-7) output cooling water through a pipeline to the optical subsystem (2), and the output laser is input into the optical subsystem (2) through an optical fiber.

8. The online laser descaling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control subsystem includes a control panel (4), a white light scanner (5), a plurality of light spot temperature probes (6), and a plurality of post-light spot temperature probes (7). The control panel (4) is arranged above the interior of the device and is connected to the steel frame (1-2) via a steel structure. The control panel (4) includes a PLC and a switch. The switch is used to manage the main and branch power supply on and off of the device. The PLC is used to control the optical subsystem (2) and the cooling subsystem (3), and is used for external data exchange. The white light scanners (5) are grouped into one at the top and one at the bottom. Each group is arranged behind a plurality of straightening rollers (1-1-1) from the outside of the device to the inside of the device and before the light spot irradiated by the first group of working lasers on the workpiece. The white light scanners (5) are provided with one group at each end of the device. The light spot temperature probe (6) and the temperature probe after the light spot (7) are arranged around one end of the linear focusing mirror of the lens group (2-5) and inside the dustproof shield (2-8) by methods including but not limited to bolting, bonding, and snap connection. The light spot temperature probe (6) faces the light spot, and the temperature probe after the light spot (7) faces the back of the light spot.

9. A method for using an online laser descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1. Workpiece Transfer: The workpiece enters the device through the symmetrical receiving / discharging ports (1-1-2) and is clamped and limited by the straightening rollers (1-1-1). The device must meet the design speed requirement of ≥150m / min; the actual operating speed will match the operating speed of the cold rolling mill and coiler on the same production line. Step S2. Surface state detection: The white light scanner (5) at the feed end scans the workpiece surface in real time, obtains the initial color data (RGB value / grayscale value) and uploads it to the PLC; Step S3. Laser descaling: The workpiece passes through at least two optical subsystems (2) in sequence, and each optical subsystem (2) irradiates with the following parameters: Wavelength 1064 nm (±5%), pulse width adjustable from 60 to 120 ns, pulse energy adjustable from 0 to 4000 W, frequency 10 kHz (±5%); linear spot size 50 - 300 mm (width) × 1 mm (length), spot pitch ≥ 6 mm; when processing workpieces with a width of more than 300 mm, additional optical subsystems (2) are added horizontally; the laser beam is at an offset angle to the normal of the workpiece surface, and the offset distance is 1.2 - 1.8 times the spot width; Step S4. Removal of vaporized oxides: The purge blower (1 - 3 - 2) blows the vaporized oxides into the dust suction blower (1 - 4 - 2) in an air flow direction at an angle of 15° - 45° to the workpiece surface, and discharges them after being filtered by the dust removal system air filter element (1 - 4 - 4); Step S5. Detection of descaling quality: The white light scanner (5) at the discharge end scans the color data of the workpiece surface after descaling and uploads it to the PLC; Step S6. Closed-loop power control: Before the device runs, select the control mode based on the color of the workpiece surface irradiated by the white light scanner (5) in the PLC through the control interface according to the process requirements: If there are clear requirements for the percentage of oxide removal from the workpiece, select the automatic color difference mode; if there are clear requirements for the final surface color display of the workpiece, select the preset color value mode; When implementing steps S2, S3, and S5, the PLC executes the following control logic in real time (executes the corresponding color control loop according to the selected mode): Color control loop (automatic color difference mode): Compare the input color value (Color_in) with the output color value (Color_out), and calculate the color difference ΔColor; if ΔColor ≥ the set threshold, activate the energy-saving mode and adjust in reverse order starting from the last-stage optical subsystem (2), reducing the power step by step. After each power reduction, re-detect ΔColor after the workpiece passes through a certain distance. If ΔColor < the set threshold, immediately restore the power of the previous level; if ΔColor < the set threshold, activate the compliance mode and adjust in sequence starting from the first-stage optical subsystem (2), increasing the power step by step. When the temperature of the output spots of all laser subsystems on the upper surface of the workpiece reaches 4200 °C and ΔColor still does not meet the standard, trigger the incomplete descaling alarm; Color control loop (preset color value mode): The PLC pre-loads the target output color value (Color_set) and compares the reading of the output color value (Color_out); if Color_out ≥ Color_set (i.e., closer to white), activate the energy-saving mode and adjust in reverse order starting from the last-stage optical subsystem (2), reducing the power step by step. After each power reduction, re-detect Color_out after the workpiece passes through a certain distance. If Color_out < Color_set, immediately restore the power of the previous level; if Color_out < Color_set, activate the compliance mode and adjust in sequence starting from the first-stage optical subsystem (2), increasing the power step by step. When the temperature of the output spots of all laser subsystems on the upper surface of the workpiece reaches 4200 °C and Color_out still does not meet the standard, trigger the incomplete descaling alarm; Temperature control loop: The spot temperature probe (6) monitors the process temperature in real time; the temperature probe (7) behind the spot monitors the residual temperature of the area within 6 mm of the workpiece surface behind the spot: if the residual temperature is greater than 450°C (or fine-tuned according to process requirements) in the protection mode, the power of the corresponding optical subsystem (2) is immediately reduced; if the residual temperature is greater than 650°C (or fine-tuned according to process requirements) in the stress relief mode, the power is immediately reduced to below the threshold. Conflict handling: Temperature control instructions take precedence over the color control loop. When the residual temperature exceeds the limit, the color control loop process is immediately interrupted and an emergency power reduction operation is performed. The color control loop is restarted after the temperature returns to normal.

10. The method for using the online laser descaling device according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S6, in the stress relief mode, the PLC simultaneously controls the residual temperature to be not lower than the process set lower limit.

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