Ground wire intelligent safety detection alarm device and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ground wire detection, and discloses a ground wire intelligent safety detection alarm device and a detection method.The ground wire intelligent safety detection alarm device comprises a ground wire clamp body, the contact face of the ground wire clamp body and a steel rail is provided with a plurality of independent sampling points, and the sampling points are isolated from the ground wire clamp body through insulating layers; the embedded detection circuit module comprises a multi-path signal acquisition and amplification unit, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) processing unit, a comparison resistance network and an output control unit; the protective shell is integrated with a signal lamp module and a voice alarm module and has an IP54 protection level; wherein the multi-path signal acquisition and amplification unit is connected with a sampling point through a shielded twisted pair and transmits an acquired signal to the CPU processing unit after amplifying the acquired signal, and the CPU processing unit analyzes and judges a contact state based on a voltage ratio and triggers graded alarm and relay self-locking power failure through the output control unit; the ground wire detection device solves the problems that an existing ground wire detection device is high in operation risk, poor in detection precision and low in operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grounding wire detection, and in particular to a grounding wire intelligent safety detection alarm device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] Catenary grounding clamps are critical equipment for ensuring operational safety in railway and subway power supply systems. Their function is to ensure a low-impedance path between the grounding wire and the rails, preventing induced current or fault currents from harming workers and equipment. Currently, the industry relies primarily on manual visual inspection, handheld resistance measurement, and fixed grounding detection devices for testing grounding resistance. However, manual visual inspection and handheld resistance measurement cannot continuously detect changes in grounding resistance, making it difficult to promptly detect dynamic issues such as oxidation and loosening of the contact surface. Testing requires direct contact with live equipment, posing a risk of contact. Furthermore, fixed grounding detection devices cannot distinguish between surface contact and point contact. Localized corrosion on the contact surface can lead to misjudgment of overall compliance. Furthermore, they only provide a numerical display, without the ability to provide graded alarms or voice prompts, resulting in low operational efficiency. Consequently, existing grounding detection devices suffer from high operational risks, poor detection accuracy, and low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a ground wire intelligent safety detection alarm device and a detection method to solve the problems of high operation risk, poor detection accuracy and low operating efficiency of existing ground wire detection devices.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device, comprising: A grounding clamp body, wherein the contact surface between the grounding clamp body and the rail is provided with a plurality of independent sampling points for collecting rail voltage signals, and the independent sampling points are isolated from the grounding clamp body by an insulating layer; Embedded detection circuit module, including multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit, CPU processing unit, comparison resistor network and output control unit; Among them, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit is connected to the independent sampling points through a shielded twisted pair cable, and the voltage signal collected by the independent sampling point is amplified and transmitted to the CPU processing unit. The CPU processing unit obtains the amplified voltage signal in the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit and the reference voltage in the comparison resistor network, compares the amplified voltage signal and the reference voltage to obtain a voltage ratio, and determines the contact state based on the voltage ratio analysis. The output control unit generates a signal light control signal and a voice control signal based on the contact state.

[0005] Protective housing, integrated signal light module and voice alarm module; Wherein, the integrated signal light module and the voice alarm module are both connected to the output control unit, and the output control unit controls the operation of the integrated signal light module through the signal light control signal, and controls the operation of the voice alarm module through the voice control signal.

[0006] Optionally, five parallel grooves are provided on the contact surface between the grounding clamp body and the rail, and a first copper sheet, a second copper sheet, a third copper sheet, a fourth copper sheet and a fifth copper sheet are embedded in each parallel groove respectively. The thickness of the copper sheet is 0.5 mm, the distance between adjacent copper sheets is 1 mm, and the copper sheet is isolated from the grounding clamp body by an insulating layer made of epoxy resin.

[0007] Optionally, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit includes 5 groups of independent transistor amplifier circuits, the first copper plate, the second copper plate, the third copper plate, the fourth copper plate and the fifth copper plate are respectively connected to a group of transistor amplifier circuits, and each group of independent transistor amplifier circuits is only connected to one copper plate, each group of transistor amplifier circuits uses an NPN transistor and a base series current limiting resistor to access the sampled voltage signal, and the output end is transmitted to the CPU processing unit after comparison of the operational amplifier threshold.

[0008] Optionally, the comparison resistor network includes four groups of precision resistors, and the resistance values ​​of the four groups of precision resistors are 1Ω, 4Ω, 10Ω, and 15Ω respectively. The comparison resistor network switches the target resistance value through a piano-key type dip switch, and is connected in series with the sampling point to form a voltage divider circuit, and the voltage-divided reference voltage after the voltage is divided at both ends of the comparison resistor network is used as the reference voltage.

[0009] Optionally, the CPU processing unit is a main control chip with a built-in ADC module; The main control chip collects the voltage signals of the five independent triode amplifying circuits in the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit and the reference voltage in the comparison resistor network through the ADC module; The main control chip is used to calculate the voltage ratio according to the voltage signal in each group of transistor amplifier circuits and the reference voltage to obtain five voltage ratios, and to determine the contact state according to the voltage ratio analysis; Compare the five voltage ratios with the preset threshold values ​​for error. When the errors of the five voltage ratios are all less than or equal to 3%, the contact state is determined to be good. When one or more but less than five of the five voltage ratio errors are greater than 3%, the contact state is determined to be partially poor. When the errors of the five voltage ratios are all greater than 3%, the contact state is determined to be abnormal. When the contact status is that the contact surface is in good contact, the output control unit generates a signal light control signal to control the green light in the integrated signal light module to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is in good contact. When the contact status is that the contact surface is partially poor, the output control unit generates a signal light control signal to control the yellow light in the integrated signal light module to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is abnormal. When the contact status is that the contact surface is abnormal, the output control unit generates a signal light control signal to control the red light in the integrated signal light module to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is abnormal.

[0010] Optionally, the output control unit includes a relay module, which controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the detection circuit after three consecutive detection results are green lights.

[0011] Optionally, a speaker cavity is provided at the bottom of the protective shell, the opening of the speaker cavity is covered downward with a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic filter, and the internal circuit in the speaker cavity is potted with silicone to achieve IP54 protection.

[0012] Optionally, the device further includes a 3.7V / 3000mAh lithium battery, powered by a TPS73633 LDO voltage regulator chip, with a standby power consumption of ≤0.5mA and a battery life of ≥6 hours.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a detection method for the ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device according to any one of the first aspects, comprising the following steps: S1. Clamp the rail with the grounding clamp body and collect the voltage signal on the rail using multiple independent sampling points 11 provided on the contact surface between the grounding clamp body and the rail; S2, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit uses the shielded twisted pair 5 to acquire the voltage signal collected at each independent sampling point, and amplifies the voltage signal to obtain an amplified voltage signal; S3, forming a voltage divider circuit by connecting the comparison resistor network in series with each independent sampling point 11, and using the voltage across the comparison resistor network 33 as a reference voltage; S4, the CPU processing unit obtains the amplified voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 and the reference voltage, and compares the amplified voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 with the reference voltage to obtain multiple voltage ratios; S5. The CPU processing unit determines the contact state based on multiple voltage ratio analysis, and the output control unit controls the operation of the integrated signal light module and the voice alarm module according to the contact state.

[0014] Optionally, the S5 includes: The CPU processing unit compares the multiple voltage ratios with preset thresholds for errors; When the errors of all voltage ratios are less than or equal to 3%, the contact state is judged to be good contact of the contact surface; when one or more errors among all voltage ratio errors are greater than 3%, the contact state is judged to be partial poor contact; when the errors of all voltage ratios are greater than 3%, the contact state is judged to be abnormal contact surface; When the contact state is that the contact surface is in good contact, the output control unit generates a signal light control signal to control the green light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is in good contact. When the contact state is that the contact surface is partially poor, the output control unit generates a signal light control signal to control the yellow light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is partially poor. When the contact state is that the contact surface is abnormal, the output control unit generates a signal light control signal to control the red light in the integrated signal light module to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is abnormal.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The intelligent grounding wire safety detection and alarm device provided by this invention systematically addresses the existing problems of low detection accuracy, poor environmental adaptability, and insufficient safety assurance through multi-channel redundant detection, dynamic hierarchical alarms, and integrated protection design. By pre-embedded five independent copper sheet sampling points on the grounding wire clamp contact surface, combined with a comparative resistor network and voltage ratio analysis algorithm, it can accurately distinguish between "surface contact" and "point contact," avoiding the localized errors associated with single-point detection. Experimental data shows that the false positive rate has been reduced from 15% to ≤5% with conventional solutions, while detection accuracy has increased by 66.7%. Five independent transistor amplification circuits are combined with an operational amplifier to amplify the signal 50 times before transmitting it to the CPU. A shielded twisted-pair cable and decoupling capacitor design effectively suppress electromagnetic interference, achieving a signal error of ≤1% in strong electromagnetic environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the grounding clamp body according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an embedded detection circuit module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A circuit structure diagram of an acquisition circuit in a multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5A circuit structure diagram of a triode amplifier circuit in a multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a comparison resistor network provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A circuit structure diagram of a CPU processing unit provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a buzzer working circuit provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "a" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

[0019] See Figure 1 The present invention provides an intelligent safety detection and alarm device for a ground wire, comprising: The grounding clamp body 1 has a plurality of independent sampling points 11 for collecting rail voltage signals on the contact surface of the grounding clamp body 1 and the rail. The independent sampling points 11 are isolated from the grounding clamp body 1 by an insulating layer 2. The structural diagram of the grounding clamp body is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown; The embedded detection circuit module 3 includes a multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31, a CPU processing unit 32, a comparison resistor network 33 and an output control unit 34. Its structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown; Among them, each signal acquisition in the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 is connected to an independent sampling point 11 through a shielded twisted pair cable 5, and the voltage signal collected by the independent sampling point 11 is amplified and transmitted to the CPU processing unit 32. The CPU processing unit 32 obtains the amplified voltage signal and the reference voltage in the comparison resistor network 33, compares the amplified voltage signal and the reference voltage to obtain a voltage ratio, and determines the contact state based on the voltage ratio analysis. The output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal and a voice control signal based on the contact state.

[0020] Protective housing 4, integrated with signal light module 341 and voice alarm module 342; The integrated signal light module 341 and the voice alarm module 342 are both connected to the output control unit 34 . The output control unit 34 controls the operation of the integrated signal light module 341 through a signal light control signal and controls the operation of the voice alarm module 342 through a voice control signal.

[0021] Optionally, five parallel grooves are provided on the contact surface between the grounding clamp body 1 and the rail, and a first copper sheet 101, a second copper sheet 102, a third copper sheet 103, a fourth copper sheet 104 and a fifth copper sheet 105 are pre-embedded in each parallel groove. The thickness of the copper sheet is 0.5 mm, the distance between adjacent copper sheets is 1 mm, and the copper sheet is isolated from the grounding clamp body by an insulating layer 2 made of epoxy resin.

[0022] In the above embodiment, the structure of the grounding clamp body 1 is as follows: Figure 1-2 As shown, five parallel grooves are provided on the contact surface with the rail, and a copper sheet for collecting rail voltage is provided in each parallel groove, namely the first copper sheet 101, the second copper sheet 102, the third copper sheet 103, the fourth copper sheet 104 and the fifth copper sheet 105.

[0023] Optionally, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 includes 5 groups of independent transistor amplification circuits, and the first copper sheet 101, the second copper sheet 102, the third copper sheet 103, the fourth copper sheet 104 and the fifth copper sheet 105 are respectively connected to a group of transistor amplification circuits, and each group of independent transistor amplification circuits is only connected to one copper sheet. Each group of transistor amplification circuits uses an NPN transistor and a base series current limiting resistor to access the sampled voltage signal, and the output end is transmitted to the CPU processing unit 32 after comparison of the operational amplifier threshold.

[0024] In the above embodiment, if Figure 3As shown, the embedded detection circuit module 3 includes a multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31, a CPU processing unit 32, a comparison resistor network 33 and an output control unit 34. The multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 is located at the bottom of the embedded detection circuit module 3, and is convenient for connecting to the independent sampling points 11 through shielded twisted pair cables. At the same time, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 collects the voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 through the signal acquisition circuit, and amplifies the collected voltage signal through the transistor amplifier circuit. Figure 4 As shown, 5 groups of independent triode amplifier circuits are as follows Figure 5 As shown, the structure of each independent transistor amplifier circuit is the same, and the transistor amplifier circuit is connected between the signal acquisition circuit and the CPU processing unit 32 to ensure that the voltage signal in the CPU processing unit is a voltage signal amplified by the transistor amplifier circuit.

[0025] Optionally, the comparison resistor network 33 includes four groups of precision resistors, and the resistance values ​​of the four groups of precision resistors are 1Ω, 4Ω, 10Ω, and 15Ω respectively. The comparison resistor network 33 switches the target resistance value through a piano-key type dip switch, and is connected in series with the sampling point to form a voltage divider circuit, and the voltage-divided reference voltage after the voltage is divided at both ends of the comparison resistor network 33 is used as the reference voltage.

[0026] In the above embodiment, the comparison resistor network 33 is as follows Figure 6 As shown, it is connected in series with the independent sampling point 11 to form a voltage divider circuit, and different voltage dividing effects are achieved by switching different resistance values ​​to meet different detection requirements. After voltage division, the voltage at both ends can be used as a reference voltage to participate in the comparison of voltage ratios.

[0027] Optionally, the CPU processing unit 32 is a main control chip with a built-in ADC module; The main control chip collects the voltage signals of the five independent transistor amplifier circuits in the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 and the reference voltage in the comparison resistor network 33 through the ADC module; The main control chip is used to calculate the voltage ratio according to the voltage signal in each group of transistor amplifier circuits and the reference voltage to obtain five voltage ratios, and to determine the contact state according to the voltage ratio analysis; Determining the contact status based on voltage ratio analysis includes: Compare the five voltage ratios with the preset threshold values ​​for error. When the errors of the five voltage ratios are all less than or equal to 3%, the contact state is determined to be good. When one or more but less than five of the five voltage ratio errors are greater than 3%, the contact state is determined to be partially poor. When the errors of the five voltage ratios are all greater than 3%, the contact state is determined to be abnormal. When the contact state is that the contact surface is in good contact, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the green light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is in good contact. When the contact state is that the contact surface is partially poor, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the yellow light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is partially poor. When the contact state is that the contact surface is abnormal, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the red light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is abnormal.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the structure of the CPU processing unit 32 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the CPU processing unit 32 can obtain the amplified voltage signal and the reference voltage in the comparison resistor network 33, and calculate the voltage ratio for judging the contact state. At the same time, it can generate different control signals according to the contact state to control the output control unit 34, thereby commanding the output control unit to operate the integrated signal light module 341 and the voice alarm module 342.

[0029] Optionally, the output control unit 34 includes a relay module, and after three consecutive detection results are green, the CPU processing unit 32 controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the detection circuit.

[0030] Optionally, a speaker cavity is provided at the bottom of the protective shell 4, the opening of the speaker cavity is covered downward with a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic filter, and the internal circuit in the speaker cavity is potted with silicone to achieve IP54 protection.

[0031] Optionally, the device further includes a 3.7V / 3000mAh lithium battery, powered by a TPS73633 LDO voltage regulator chip, with a standby power consumption of ≤0.5mA and a battery life of ≥6 hours.

[0032] The present invention also provides a detection method based on the ground wire intelligent safety detection alarm device, comprising the following steps: S1. Clamp the rail with the grounding clamp body 1 and collect the voltage signal on the rail using multiple independent sampling points 11 provided on the contact surface between the grounding clamp body 1 and the rail; S2, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 uses the shielded twisted pair 5 to acquire the voltage signal collected by each independent sampling point 11, and amplifies the voltage signal to obtain an amplified voltage signal; S3, forming a voltage divider circuit by connecting the comparison resistor network 33 in series with each independent sampling point 11, and using the voltage across the comparison resistor network 33 as a reference voltage; S4. The CPU processing unit 32 obtains the amplified voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 and the reference voltage, and compares the amplified voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 with the reference voltage to obtain multiple voltage ratios; S5. The CPU processing unit 32 determines the contact state based on the analysis of multiple voltage ratios, and the output control unit controls the operation of the integrated signal light module and the voice alarm module according to the contact state.

[0033] Optionally, the S5 includes: The CPU processing unit compares the multiple voltage ratios with preset thresholds for errors; When the errors of all voltage ratios are less than or equal to 3%, the contact state is judged to be good contact of the contact surface; when one or more errors among all voltage ratio errors are greater than 3%, the contact state is judged to be partial poor contact; when the errors of all voltage ratios are greater than 3%, the contact state is judged to be abnormal contact surface; When the contact state is that the contact surface is in good contact, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the green light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is in good contact. When the contact state is that the contact surface is partially poor, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the yellow light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is partially poor. When the contact state is that the contact surface is abnormal, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the red light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is abnormal.

[0034] In the above embodiment, the five copper sheet sampling points cover different areas of the clamp contact surface, and the contact status is comprehensively judged through voltage ratio analysis to avoid misjudgment caused by single point failure.

[0035] The CPU triggers a three-level response and logic design based on the five-way detection results: The CPU calculates the matching ratio between each sampling voltage and the comparison resistor and sets the threshold: Green light: All five circuits are matched (error ≤ 3%), and the system is rechecked three times within 3 seconds after startup. The voice broadcast indicates "grounding is normal, and the device can be connected"; Yellow light: Only 3 channels are matched, indicating poor contact. The voice prompt is "Local poor contact, please check areas S3 and S5." Red light: All 5 lines do not match, operation is prohibited and an alarm is issued. A voice alarm is given: "The contact surface is abnormal, the wire clamp needs to be cleaned or replaced."

[0036] After passing the three re-inspections, PB1 outputs a high level to drive the relay to disconnect the power supply to avoid high voltage shock.

[0037] In the above embodiment, in actual application scenarios, in order to simplify the structure and reduce the size of the device for easy portability, the voice alarm module can be replaced by a buzzer. In rainy weather, the buzzer alarm sound has a better propagation effect than the voice broadcast of the voice alarm module, and is easier to be captured and heard by the staff. When the voice alarm module is replaced by a buzzer, the buzzer can be directly installed in the speaker cavity provided at the bottom of the protective housing, and the voice alarm module 342 is replaced by a buzzer working circuit. The buzzer working circuit is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the speaker in the speaker cavity can be directly replaced with a buzzer.

[0038] When using a buzzer for alarm, different five-way detection results can be represented by different buzzer alarm sounds. When the five-way detection result is green, the buzzer uses a long beep to remind. When the five-way detection result is yellow, the buzzer uses a gentle short beep to remind. When the five-way detection result is red, a rapid short beep is used to remind. There is a longer interval between each gentle short beep, while there is a shorter interval between each rapid short beep. Different buzzer sound effects are used instead of voice broadcast to achieve warnings and reminders of detection results.

[0039] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concepts of the present invention without inventive effort. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be derived by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation based on the concepts of the present invention and the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device, characterized in that: include: A grounding clamp body (1), wherein a contact surface between the grounding clamp body (1) and the rail is provided with a plurality of independent sampling points (11) for collecting rail voltage signals, and the independent sampling points (11) are isolated from the grounding clamp body (1) by an insulating layer (2); An embedded detection circuit module (3) comprising a multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit (31), a CPU processing unit (32), a comparison resistor network (33) and an output control unit (34); The multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit (31) is connected to the independent sampling point (11) via a shielded twisted pair (5), and amplifies the voltage signal collected by the independent sampling point (11) and transmits it to the CPU processing unit (32). Each independent sampling point (11) is only connected to one signal acquisition circuit in the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit (5), and each signal acquisition circuit is also only connected to one independent sampling point (11). The comparison resistor network (33) is connected in series with the independent sampling point (11) via the shielded twisted pair (5) to form a voltage divider circuit. After voltage division, a reference voltage is generated at both ends of the comparison resistor network (33). The CPU processing unit (32) obtains the amplified voltage signal and the reference voltage in the comparison resistor network (33), compares the amplified voltage signal and the reference voltage to obtain a voltage ratio, and determines the contact state based on the voltage ratio analysis. The output control unit (34) generates a signal light control signal and a voice control signal based on the contact state. A protective housing (4) integrating a signal light module (341) and a voice alarm module (342); The integrated signal light module (341) and the voice alarm module (342) are both connected to the output control unit (34), and the output control unit (34) controls the operation of the integrated signal light module (341) through a signal light control signal, and controls the operation of the voice alarm module (342) through a voice control signal.

2. The ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface between the grounding clamp body (1) and the rail is provided with five parallel grooves, wherein a first copper sheet (101) is embedded in the first parallel groove, a second copper sheet (102) is embedded in the second parallel groove, a third copper sheet (103) is embedded in the third parallel groove, a fourth copper sheet (104) is embedded in the fourth parallel groove, and a fifth copper sheet (105) is embedded in the fifth parallel groove. The copper sheets are 0.5 mm thick, with a spacing of 1 mm between adjacent copper sheets, and are isolated from the grounding clamp body by an insulating layer (2) made of epoxy resin.

3. The ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit (31) includes five groups of independent triode amplification circuits, wherein the first copper sheet (101), the second copper sheet (102), the third copper sheet (103), the fourth copper sheet (104) and the fifth copper sheet (105) are respectively connected to one group of triode amplification circuits, and each group of independent triode amplification circuits is connected to only one copper sheet. Each group of triode amplification circuits uses an NPN triode and a base series current limiting resistor to access the sampled voltage signal, and the output end is transmitted to the CPU processing unit (32) after comparison with the threshold value of the operational amplifier.

4. The intelligent safety detection and alarm device for grounding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that: The comparison resistor network (33) includes four groups of precision resistors, the resistance values ​​of the four groups of precision resistors are 1Ω, 4Ω, 10Ω, and 15Ω respectively. The comparison resistor network (33) switches the target resistance value through a piano-key type dial switch and is connected in series with the sampling point to form a voltage divider circuit.

5. The intelligent safety detection and alarm device for grounding wire according to claim 4, characterized in that: The CPU processing unit (32) is a main control chip with a built-in ADC module; The main control chip collects voltage signals from five independent triode amplifying circuits in the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit (31) and a reference voltage in the comparison resistor network (33) through the ADC module; The main control chip is used to calculate the voltage ratio according to the voltage signal in each group of transistor amplifier circuits and the reference voltage to obtain five voltage ratios; The main control chip is further configured to compare the five voltage ratios with preset threshold values ​​for errors. When the errors of the five voltage ratios are all less than or equal to 3%, the contact state is determined to be good contact of the contact surface. When the errors of one or more but less than five of the five voltage ratios are greater than 3%, the contact state is determined to be partial poor contact. When the errors of the five voltage ratios are all greater than 3%, the contact state is determined to be abnormal contact surface. The output control unit (34) is used to generate a signal light control signal to control the green light in the integrated signal light module (341) to light up when the contact state is that the contact surface is in good contact, and to generate a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module (342) to play a voice prompt corresponding to the good contact state of the contact surface; when the contact state is that the contact surface is in poor contact, the output control unit (34) generates a signal light control signal to control the yellow light in the integrated signal light module (341) to light up, and to generate a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module (342) to play a voice prompt corresponding to the poor contact state of the contact surface; when the contact state is that the contact surface is abnormal, the output control unit (34) generates a signal light control signal to control the red light in the integrated signal light module (341) to light up, and to generate a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module (342) to play a voice prompt corresponding to the abnormal contact state of the contact surface.

6. The intelligent safety detection and alarm device for grounding wire according to claim 5, characterized in that: The output control unit (34) includes a relay module, which controls the relay to cut off the power supply of the detection circuit through the CPU processing unit (32) after three consecutive detection results show a green light.

7. The intelligent safety detection and alarm device for grounding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: A speaker cavity is provided at the bottom of the protective housing (4); the speaker cavity opening is downwardly covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic filter; and the internal circuit in the speaker cavity is potted with silicone.

8. The ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a 3.7V / 3000mAh lithium battery, powered by a TPS73633 LDO voltage regulator chip, with standby power consumption ≤0.5mA and a battery life of ≥6 hours.

9. A detection method based on the ground wire intelligent safety detection and alarm device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Clamp the rail with the grounding clamp body 1 and collect the voltage signal on the rail using multiple independent sampling points 11 provided on the contact surface between the grounding clamp body 1 and the rail; S2, the multi-channel signal acquisition and amplification unit 31 uses the shielded twisted pair 5 to acquire the voltage signal collected by each independent sampling point 11, and amplifies the voltage signal to obtain an amplified voltage signal; S3, forming a voltage divider circuit by connecting the comparison resistor network 33 in series with each independent sampling point 11, and using the voltage across the comparison resistor network 33 as a reference voltage; S4. The CPU processing unit 32 obtains the amplified voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 and the reference voltage, and compares the amplified voltage signal of each independent sampling point 11 with the reference voltage to obtain multiple voltage ratios; S5. The CPU processing unit 32 determines the contact state based on the analysis of multiple voltage ratios, and the output control unit controls the operation of the integrated signal light module and the voice alarm module according to the contact state.

10. The detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Said S5 comprises: The CPU processing unit compares the multiple voltage ratios with preset thresholds for errors; When the errors of all voltage ratios are less than or equal to 3%, the contact state is judged to be good contact of the contact surface; when one or more errors among all voltage ratio errors are greater than 3%, the contact state is judged to be partial poor contact; when the errors of all voltage ratios are greater than 3%, the contact state is judged to be abnormal contact surface; When the contact state is that the contact surface is in good contact, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the green light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is in good contact. When the contact state is that the contact surface is in poor contact, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the yellow light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is in poor contact. When the contact state is that the contact surface is abnormal, the output control unit 34 generates a signal light control signal to control the red light in the integrated signal light module 341 to light up, and generates a voice control signal to control the voice alarm module 342 to play the corresponding voice prompt when the contact surface is abnormal.

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