Periodic data acquisition and scheduling transmission method of health monitoring system

Abstract

The invention relates to a periodic data acquisition and scheduling transmission method of a health monitoring system, which comprises the following steps of: in the health monitoring process of a hazardous chemical substance production and storage device, arranging various monitoring sensors on key equipment, acquiring data information of different parameter sensors by using a LoRa wireless adapter, and sending the data information to a field gateway; and the data are uniformly transmitted to a back-end platform server for evaluation and analysis. A periodic working mode based on'wake-up in the air 'and'heartbeat protocol' is adopted between the field gateway and the LoRa wireless adapter, the field gateway regularly wakes up the LoRa wireless adapter, periodically receives data information uploaded by the adapter, and uploads different data to the server according to corresponding periods through a time planning algorithm. And the data can be transmitted to the server orderly and smoothly. The method has the advantages of low equipment power consumption, long endurance time and high data transmission stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission for a health monitoring system for hazardous chemical production and storage devices. This method uses a wireless adapter to reduce wiring to improve the intrinsic safety and network information security of the health monitoring system. Based on over-the-air wake-up and heartbeat protocol technologies, the LoRa wireless adapter periodically uploads data to an on-site gateway, reducing adapter power consumption and improving device endurance. The on-site gateway uses a time-scheduling algorithm to sort and rectify data, ensuring orderly and smooth data transmission to the server. Background Art

[0002] Hazardous chemical production and storage facilities often involve various flammable and explosive media. Fires or explosions within these facilities can trigger a chain reaction of disasters, posing serious threats to the facilities, environment, life, and property. Fires, explosions, and emergency rescue processes can also lead to secondary disasters such as widespread environmental pollution, posing significant risks to the safety of surrounding cities and the environment. Therefore, systematically and comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of key technologies for safety assurance in hazardous chemical production and storage facilities is essential for ensuring safe production, long-term operation, and full lifecycle safety management.

[0003] Health monitoring of hazardous chemical production and storage facilities requires long monitoring periods and high-frequency monitoring of critical parameters. The monitoring system comprises multiple sensors, adapters, and communication modules. If data exchange is performed via wired transmission, aging, damage, or external interference can lead to data interruption or distortion. This can cause leakage and potentially lead to safety incidents. Furthermore, these sensors and adapters with different parameters exhibit significant differences in battery power consumption due to their varying operating frequencies. Therefore, an improperly designed system can result in excessive power consumption, shortening battery life and compromising the smoothness and stability of data transmission.

[0004] Furthermore, due to cost and size constraints, field gateways typically use a single channel for data transmission. This transmission method is significantly affected by network transmission speeds, but field data types are diverse, and some data requires high real-time performance. Therefore, data transmission requires careful planning to reduce bandwidth requirements and ensure real-time and smooth data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a periodic data collection and scheduling transmission method for a health monitoring system. Key parameter sensors are deployed in hazardous chemical production and storage devices to collect data from a group of devices in real time. The LoRa wireless adapter regularly uploads the data collected by the sensors to a field gateway through a heartbeat protocol. The field gateway uploads different data to a server according to their corresponding periods through a time planning algorithm.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: (1) If Figure 1 As shown, one or more monitoring sensors are deployed at key locations in hazardous chemical production and storage facilities. To reduce on-site wiring and improve both intrinsic equipment safety and network information security, the parameter information collected by the monitoring sensors is processed and integrated by a LoRa adapter before being wirelessly transmitted to the on-site gateway. The LoRa adapter and the on-site gateway utilize LoRa bidirectional communication technology combining spread spectrum and frequency hopping to ensure real-time and accurate data.

[0007] (2) To reduce power consumption and extend the adapter's power life, the LoRa wireless adapter can send heartbeat information to the field gateway at fixed intervals according to the "heartbeat protocol" to ensure the connection activity between the adapter and the field gateway. At the same time, the adapter sends the parameter information collected by the sensor to the gateway. The field gateway can also use the "air wake-up" technology to wake up the LoRa wireless adapter to collect sensor data, and at the same time require the adapter to open the data sending window to upload the data to the field gateway.

[0008] For the data actively uploaded by the sensor on a regular basis, the adapter automatically wakes up based on the "heartbeat protocol" and collects the uploaded data. After the upload is completed, the LoRa wireless adapter is in WOR (Wake on Radio) mode, ensuring that the device is online while reducing its own power consumption. Its working method is: within one working cycle, the receiving mode works in Timer1, and the deep sleep mode works in Timer2. This working cycle is called the CAD duty cycle factor (CAD-T), which can be set through software to match the power consumption requirements under different working conditions. The smaller the factor value, the more power it saves. After the device wakes up, the adapter is in receiving mode, and the gateway transmits a data request. Then the gateway is in the receiving state, and the adapter transmits the sensor data. The entire process completes the reading of real-time data. This technology significantly shortens the time the adapter is in receiving mode and can effectively improve the device time. The working principle of WOR (Wake on Radio) is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, Timer1 is in deep sleep mode and Timer2 is in receive mode. By adjusting Timer1, the speed and power consumption can be optimized.

[0009] (3) Since different parameter sensors have different acquisition frequencies, the amount of data transmitted by each signal is also different. Therefore, when adapters of several types of parameters transmit data to the gateway, the present invention uses a time planning algorithm to stagger the upload of several types of data at their respective frequencies to avoid data congestion.

[0010] The network bandwidth is limited, the real-time requirements are high, data is uploaded in a dispersed manner, load is balanced, idle time is concentrated, the bandwidth requirements for a single transmission are reduced, and hardware investment (single-channel equipment) is reduced. Data is dispersed as much as possible at the second level and concentrated as much as possible at the 50ms level.

[0011] Table 1 is a data transmission classification table, which divides sensor data into six categories (EM, FM, GM, EN, FN, GN) according to the amount of transmitted data and the frequency of transmission.

[0012] Table 1 Data transmission classification table

[0013] The data volume of EM class is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 0s-60s; the data volume of FM class is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 1min-60min; the data volume of GM class is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 1h-12h; the data volume of EN class is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 0s-60s; the data volume of FN class is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 1min-60min; the data volume of GN class is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 1h-12h.

[0014] As shown in Table 1, the maximum transmission speed of the field gateway is 128,000 b / s. Therefore, the maximum value of N is set to the maximum amount of data that the gateway can transmit in one second, 128,000 b. For information parameter M with a small amount of data, the time allocated to transmitting such data in this time planning algorithm is 50 ms. Considering the data transmission delay and the fact that the gateway transmission speed cannot always be maintained at the maximum, 1% of the maximum data amount is selected as the maximum value of M, that is, 128,000 × 0.01 = 1280 b.

[0015] The transmission frequency in Table 1 is related to the heartbeat protocol. For the safety of hazardous chemical equipment, parameters that change sharply in a short period of time may lead to serious consequences, so a higher monitoring frequency should be adopted, which should not be less than once every 60 seconds. Therefore, the maximum value of E is set to less than 60 seconds. For data that changes relatively slowly during equipment operation, a lower transmission frequency should be adopted in consideration of power saving and extending battery life. However, if the interval between sending heartbeat protocol data is too long, the connection may be interrupted due to network equipment limitations or failures. Therefore, the maximum value of G is set to 12 hours. In order to simplify the time planning algorithm, the maximum value of F is set to less than 60 minutes. In summary, the transmission frequency is divided into three levels: E is data with a higher transmission frequency, which is transmitted every 0-60 seconds; F is data with a medium transmission frequency, which is transmitted every 1-60 minutes; G is data with a lower transmission frequency, which is transmitted every 1-12 hours. Among them, E prioritizes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 40 seconds, and a data transmission cycle can be completed in 120 seconds; F prioritizes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 40 minutes, and a data transmission cycle can be completed in 120 minutes; G prioritizes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours, and a data transmission cycle can be completed in 24 hours. The data transmission strategies are as follows: Starting with GM data, data is arranged according to their respective transmission frequencies over a 24-hour period. Taking one hour as the basic transmission unit, data transmission occurs in the last 50ms of each minute within that hour. All GM data to be transmitted within that hour are arranged sequentially, starting from the first minute, with a total count of no more than 60. For example, GM1-1 is transmitted in the last 50ms of the first minute, GM1-2 in the last 50ms of the second minute, and so on.

[0016] Analysis shows that using the data transmission method of the present invention to optimize the timing of GM data significantly improves system network load balancing. Taking data of each type at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours as an example, a time-segmented transmission matrix with a 24-hour period is constructed. Compared to transmitting all data starting in the first hour, this method reduces the variance of hourly data transmission counts from 2.58 to 0.25. The variance calculation formula is as follows:

[0017] : The number of hours in a cycle; : No. Hourly data count; : Average data count per hour in a cycle.

[0018] FM data is distributed over a 120-minute period according to its transmission frequency. One minute is considered the basic transmission unit, and the data transmission time is the last 50ms of each second within that minute. All FM data to be transmitted within that minute are arranged sequentially starting from the first second, with a total count of no more than 59. For example, FM1-1 is transmitted in the last 50ms of the first second, FM1-2 in the last 50ms of the second second, and so on.

[0019] EM data is distributed over a 120-second period according to its transmission frequency. Taking one second as the basic transmission unit, all EM data to be transmitted within that second are arranged sequentially, starting from the first 50ms, with a total count of no more than 19. For example, EM1-1 is transmitted in the first 50ms of the second, EM1-2 in the second, and so on.

[0020] Analysis shows that optimizing the timing of FM (EM) data using the data transmission method of this invention significantly improves system network load balancing. Taking data of each type at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 40 minutes (seconds) as an example, a time-segmented transmission matrix with a 120-minute (second) period was constructed. Compared to transmitting all data starting at the first minute (second), this method reduced the variance of hourly data transmission counts from 5.26 to 0.36.

[0021] During the transmission of EM, FM, and GM data, the three types of data, EN, FN, and GN, are rectified and interspersed through the token bucket algorithm to ensure smooth transmission.

[0022] Beneficial Effects The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention discloses a method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system. During the health monitoring process of hazardous chemical production and storage devices, key parameter sensors are deployed and data is transmitted to an on-site gateway via a LoRa wireless adapter. The LoRa wireless adapter can upload several types of data at their respective frequencies based on the "heartbeat protocol" and "air wake-up" technology. The gateway then performs flow control through a token bucket algorithm before uploading the data to the server. The present invention can achieve long-term operation and full-life health monitoring and safety management of a group of hazardous chemical production and storage devices.

[0023] (2) The device has low power consumption and long battery life. The system includes multiple sensors, adapters and communication modules. The present invention uses the "heartbeat protocol" and "air wake-up" technology to put the adapter into a short-term periodic collection and transmission and long-term sleep working mode, which greatly reduces power consumption and improves the overall battery life of the device.

[0024] (3) Data transmission is highly stable with few failures and stagnations. By using a time planning algorithm, several types of data are uploaded at different frequencies to avoid data congestion at the on-site gateway, improve the stability of network transmission, and avoid system performance degradation or failures caused by sudden traffic. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the workflow of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the working principle of the WOR of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the time planning of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a time distribution diagram of the time planning of the present invention; wherein: dark color (red) represents data transmission time, and light color (yellow) represents idle time.

[0029] Figure 5 It is the transmission arrangement of GM type data.

[0030] Figure 6a It is the transmission arrangement of FM data from 1 minute to 31 minutes.

[0031] Figure 6b This is the transmission arrangement of FM data from 32 minutes to 63 minutes.

[0032] Figure 6c It is the transmission arrangement of FM data from 64 minutes to 95 minutes.

[0033] Figure 6d It is the transmission arrangement of FM data from 96 minutes to 120 minutes.

[0034] Figure 7a It is the transmission arrangement of EM data from 1 second to 31 seconds.

[0035] Figure 7b It is the transmission arrangement of EM data from 32 seconds to 62 seconds.

[0036] Figure 7c It is the transmission arrangement of EM data from 63 seconds to 93 seconds.

[0037] Figure 7d It is the transmission arrangement of EM data from 94 seconds to 120 seconds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative work are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0039] The present invention discloses a method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system, the specific steps of which are as follows: (1) If Figure 1 As shown in the figure, combustible gas concentration sensors, vibration sensors, strain sensors, inclination sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, liquid level sensors, thickness sensors and acoustic emission sensors are deployed in the hazardous chemical production and storage devices. A total of 9 types of monitoring sensors collect data from the equipment group in real time. At the same time, LoRa wireless adapters and field gateways are configured. The LoRa two-way communication technology based on "spread spectrum + frequency hopping" with a frequency of 470Mhz, a bandwidth of 250KHz, a spreading factor of 12 and a coding rate of 4 / 6 is adopted between the LoRa adapter and the field gateway to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the data.

[0040] (2) To ensure the endurance of the LoRa wireless adapter, the present invention is based on the over-the-air wake-up and heartbeat protocol technologies, which enable the LoRa wireless adapter to automatically wake up based on the "heartbeat protocol" to collect and upload data, and also to be "woke up over the air" by the gateway when additional data is needed, based on the regular automatic wake-up. Several types of parameter adapters collect and upload information data at different frequencies according to their relevance to the safety of hazardous chemical production and storage devices.

[0041] The LoRa wireless adapter's RF module consumes 130mA in transmit mode, 15mA in receive mode, and 3uA in deep sleep mode. To address this, the adapter automatically wakes up based on a "heartbeat protocol" based on periodic data uploads from sensors and collects the uploaded data. After the upload is complete, the LoRa wireless adapter enters WOR (Wake on Radio) mode, ensuring device online while reducing its own power consumption. Its operating mode is: within a duty cycle, it operates in receive mode for 10ms and then sleeps for 3s. This duty cycle, called the CAD duty cycle factor (CAD-T), can be configured through software to match power consumption requirements under different operating conditions. A smaller CAD duty cycle factor results in greater power savings. During operation, the gateway's downlink LoRa interface remains in receive mode (consuming 7.5mA) for a long period, receiving data reported by the adapter. If data anomalies occur and the enterprise requires additional data in addition to the regular data collection, the gateway uses over-the-air wake-up technology to send a wake-up code of CAD-T + 50ms to the corresponding adapter to wake the device. After the device wakes up, the adapter is in receiving mode, the gateway sends a data request, and then the gateway is in receiving state, the adapter sends sensor data, and the entire process is completed to read real-time data. This technology significantly shortens the time the adapter is in receiving mode and can effectively improve the device life. The working principle of WOR (Wake on Radio) is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the deep sleep state duration is Timer1, and in deep sleep, the power consumption is 3uA. The receive mode duration is Timer2, and in receive mode, the power consumption is 15mA. By adjusting the deep sleep duration Timer1, the speed and power consumption can be optimized.

[0042] Comparative calculation: (a) Timer1 = 0, the device is always in receive mode, the power consumption is 15mA, the 38Ah battery is only used for wireless standby, and the life span = 38Ah / 15mA = 105.5 days.

[0043] (b) Timer1 = 4s, the device works in receive mode for 10ms and is in deep sleep for 4s. The standby life of a 38Ah battery = 38Ah / ((4s*3uA+0.01s*15mA) / 4.01) = 39191 days.

[0044] (c) Timer1 = 0, the device is always in transmit mode, the power consumption is 130mA, and the 38Ah battery is used for real-time transmission. The life span = 38Ah / 130mA = 12.18 days.

[0045] (d) Timer1 = 4s, the device works in transmit mode for 10ms and in deep sleep for 4s, and the standby life of a 38Ah battery = 38Ah / ((4s*3uA+0.01s*130mA) / 4.01) = 4839 days.

[0046] By comparing the above calculated data, it can be seen that the same battery capacity can achieve super power saving by adopting the WOR mode.

[0047] (3) Different types of sensors are deployed in different areas of hazardous chemical production and storage facilities, and their acquisition frequencies and data transmission volumes vary. To ensure smooth data transmission through the gateway to the server and reduce the risk of data congestion, the present invention uses a time-planning algorithm to rationally rectify the data and ensure orderly data transmission. Sensor data types are divided into six categories based on the amount of data transmitted and the frequency of transmission, as shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Data transmission classification table

[0049] As shown in Table 1, the maximum transmission speed of the field gateway is 128,000 b / s. Therefore, the maximum value of N is set to the maximum amount of data that the gateway can transmit in one second, 128,000 b. For information parameter M with a small amount of data, the time allocated to transmitting such data in this time planning algorithm is 50 ms. Considering the data transmission delay and the fact that the gateway transmission speed cannot always be maintained at the maximum, 1% of the maximum data amount is selected as the maximum value of M, that is, 128,000 × 0.01 = 1280 b.

[0050] The transmission frequency in Table 1 is related to the heartbeat protocol. For the safety of hazardous chemicals equipment, parameters that change sharply in a short period of time may lead to serious consequences, so a higher monitoring frequency should be adopted, which should not be less than once every 60 seconds. Therefore, the maximum value of E is set to 60 seconds. For data that changes relatively slowly during the operation of the equipment, a lower transmission frequency should be adopted in consideration of power saving and extending battery life. However, if the interval between sending heartbeat protocol data is too long, the connection may be interrupted due to network equipment limitations or failures. Therefore, the maximum value of G is set to 12 hours. In order to simplify the time planning algorithm, the maximum value of F is set to 60 minutes. In summary, the transmission frequency is divided into three levels: E is data with a higher transmission frequency, which is transmitted every 0-60 seconds; F is data with a medium transmission frequency, which is transmitted every 1-60 minutes; G is data with a lower transmission frequency, which is transmitted every 1-12 hours. Among them, E prioritizes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 40 seconds, and a data transmission cycle can be completed in 120 seconds; F prioritizes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 40 minutes, and a data transmission cycle can be completed in 120 minutes; G prioritizes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours, and a data transmission cycle can be completed in 24 hours.

[0051] The data volume of EM class is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 0s-60s; the data volume of FM class is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 1min-60min; the data volume of GM class is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 1h-12h; the data volume of EN class is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 0s-60s; the data volume of FN class is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 1min-60min; the data volume of GN class is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 1h-12h.

[0052] The data transmission strategy is as follows: Starting from the GM data, they are arranged into a 24-hour cycle according to their respective transmission frequencies, such as Figure 5 (Note: The GM1 transmission cycle interval is 1 hour, and the GM5 transmission cycle interval is 6 hours.) Taking 1 hour as the basic transmission unit, the data transmission time is the last 50ms of each minute within that hour. All GM-type data that needs to be transmitted within that hour are arranged in sequence starting from the first minute, and the total number is no more than 60. For example, GM1-1 is transmitted in the last 50ms of the first minute, GM1-2 is transmitted in the last 50ms of the second minute, and so on.

[0053] Analysis shows that using the data transmission method of the present invention to optimize the timing of GM data significantly improves system network load balancing. Taking data of each type at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours as an example, a time-segmented transmission matrix with a 24-hour period is constructed. Compared to transmitting all data starting in the first hour, this method reduces the variance of hourly data transmission counts from 2.58 to 0.25. The variance calculation formula is as follows: .

[0054] FM data is distributed over a 120-minute period according to its transmission frequency, e.g. Figure 6a to Figure 6d As shown in the figure (Note: the FM1 transmission cycle interval is 1 minute, and the FM7 transmission cycle interval is 8 minutes). Taking 1 minute as the basic transmission unit, the data transmission time is the last 50ms of each second within that minute. All FM data that need to be transmitted within that minute are arranged in sequence starting from the first second, and the total number is not more than 59. For example, FM1-1 is transmitted in the last 50ms of the first second, FM1-2 is transmitted in the last 50ms of the second second, and so on.

[0055] EM data are distributed over a 120-second period according to their respective transmission frequencies, such as Figures 7a-7d(Note: The EM1 transmission cycle interval is 1 second, and the EM7 transmission cycle interval is 8 seconds.) Taking 1 second as the basic transmission unit, all EM data that need to be transmitted within that second are arranged sequentially starting from the first 50ms, and the total number is no more than 19. For example, EM1-1 is transmitted in the first 50ms of the second, EM1-2 is transmitted in the second 50ms of the second, and so on.

[0056] Analysis shows that optimizing the timing of FM (EM) data using the data transmission method of this invention significantly improves system network load balancing. Taking data of each type at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 40 minutes (seconds) as an example, a time-segmented transmission matrix with a 120-minute (second) period was constructed. Compared to transmitting all data starting at the first minute (second), this method reduced the variance of hourly data transmission counts from 5.26 to 0.36.

[0057] During the transmission of EM, FM, and GM data, the three types of data, EN, FN, and GN, are rectified and interspersed through the token bucket algorithm to ensure smooth transmission.

[0058] Taking the transmission strategy for nine key parameters (hazardous gas concentration, vibration, strain, inclination, temperature, pressure, liquid level, thickness measurement, and acoustic emission) as an example, the gateway has a maximum transmission speed of 128,000 b / s. The transmission cycles and data volumes for the nine types of data are shown in Table 2. Hazardous gas concentration, vibration, and strain belong to EM, inclination, pressure, temperature, and liquid level belong to FM, thickness measurement belongs to GM, and acoustic emission belongs to EN.

[0059] Table 2 Nine types of parameter transmission information table

[0060] Specific time planning plan Figure 3 As shown, there are 20 GM6 in GM data. Figure 5 It can be seen that GM6 transmits at the 4th, 12th and 20th hours in a 24-hour cycle, which corresponds to Figure 3 A1, A2, and A3 on the "P" in the middle. Taking A1 as an example, GM1-1, GM1-2, GM1-3, ..., GM1-20 are transmitted in the last 50ms of each minute in the first 20 minutes of the hour. The transmission scheme of A2 and A3 refers to A1. There are 12 FM5s, 4 FM11s, 4 FM13s, and 4 FM14s in the FM data. Figure 6a to Figure 6d It can be seen that in a 120-minute cycle, FM5 is transmitted at the 5th, 10th, ..., 120th minute, FM11 is transmitted at the 4th, 24th, ..., 104th minute, FM13 is transmitted at the 12th, 42nd, 72nd, 103rd minute, and FM14 is transmitted at the 6th, 46th, 86th minute, corresponding to Figure 3 In the example, B1, B2, B3, and B4 on "Q". Taking B1 as an example, in the last 50ms of the first 4 seconds of the minute, FM11-1, FM11-2, FM11-3, and FM11-4 are transmitted in sequence. The transmission schemes for the 24th, 44th, ..., and 104th minutes are the same as B1. The transmission schemes for B2, B3, and B4 refer to B1. There are 4 EM1s, 4 EM3s, and 8 EM5s in the EM data. Figure 7a to Figure 7d It can be seen that in a 120-second period, EM1 is transmitted once per second, EM3 is transmitted at the 1st, 4th, ..., 118th second, and EM5 is transmitted at the 5th, 10th, ..., 120th second, corresponding to Figure 3 In the example, C1, C2, and C3 on the "R". Taking C1 as an example, EM1-1 to EM1-4 and EM3-1 to EM3-4 that need to be transmitted within that second are transmitted sequentially over the first eight 50ms. The transmission schemes for C2 and C3 refer to C1.

[0061] In order to observe the time distribution of the time planning algorithm of the present invention more intuitively, the time planning distribution diagram of 1 minute is taken as follows: Figure 4 As shown, each row is one second long, divided into 20 50ms intervals. The darker red portion represents data transmission time, while the lighter yellow portion represents idle time. In the one-minute data planning distribution, the data transmission time within each second is relatively uniform, reducing the bandwidth requirements for a single transmission while accommodating more sensors to collect data simultaneously. Within the same second, data transmission time is distributed at the beginning and end of the second, concentrating idle data and facilitating the intermittent transmission of larger parameters, such as acoustic emission data.

[0062] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system, characterized in that: It is to deploy one or more monitoring sensors on key equipment of hazardous chemical production and storage devices, perform data calculation, processing, and protocol conversion through LoRa wireless adapters and field gateways, and connect to the server through 4G signals; The one or more monitoring sensors include: combustible gas concentration, vibration, strain, inclination, temperature, liquid level, thickness, and acoustic emission monitoring sensors.

2. The method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LoRa wireless adapter collects data information from different monitoring sensors. The field gateway periodically wakes up the LoRa wireless adapter and periodically receives the data information uploaded by the adapter. It then uploads different data to the server according to their corresponding cycles through a time planning algorithm.

3. The method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The field gateway and the LoRa wireless adapter adopt a periodic working mode based on "over-the-air wake-up" and "heartbeat protocol". The "over-the-air wake-up" refers to the field gateway waking up the LoRa wireless adapter to collect sensor data, and at the same time requires the adapter to open the data sending window to upload the data to the field gateway. The "heartbeat protocol" refers to the wireless adapter sending heartbeat information to the field gateway at fixed intervals to ensure the connection activity between the adapter and the field gateway. At the same time, the adapter sends the parameter information collected by the sensor to the gateway. Accordingly, the LoRa wireless adapter can automatically wake up to collect and upload data based on the "heartbeat protocol", or it can be "woke up over the air" by the gateway on the basis of regular automatic wake-up when additional data is needed.

4. The method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heartbeat protocol is that the adapter automatically wakes up at a fixed time and collects and uploads data. After the upload is completed, the LoRa wireless adapter is in Wake on Radio mode, ensuring that the device is online while reducing its own power consumption. Its working method is: within a working cycle, the receiving mode works for deep sleep time Timer1, and deep sleep mode Timer2. This working cycle is called the CAD working cycle factor. After the device wakes up, the adapter is in receiving mode, and the gateway transmits a data request. Then the gateway is in the receiving state, and the adapter transmits sensor data. The entire process completes the reading of real-time data.

5. The method for periodic data collection and scheduling transmission of a health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring sensors are divided into six categories according to the amount of data transmitted and the frequency of transmission: EM, FM, GM, EN, FN, and GN. The data volume of EM is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 0s-60s; the data volume of FM is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 1min-60min; the data volume of GM is 0b-1280b, and the transmission period is 1h-12h; the data volume of EN is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 0s-60s; the data volume of FN is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 1min-60min; the data volume of GN is 1280b-128000b, and the transmission period is 1h-12h. The transmission frequency is divided into three levels: E is transmitted every 0-60 seconds, F is transmitted every 1-60 minutes, and G is transmitted every 1-12 hours. Among them, E selects 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40 seconds, and a data transmission cycle is completed in 120 seconds; F selects 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40 minutes, and a data transmission cycle is completed in 120 minutes; G selects 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours, and a data transmission cycle is completed in 24 hours. The data transmission strategy is as follows: Arrange the data starting from GM data and distribute them to a 24-hour period according to their respective transmission frequencies; take 1 hour as a basic transmission unit, and the data transmission time is the last 50ms of each minute within that hour. All GM data that need to be transmitted within that hour are arranged in sequence starting from the first minute, and the total number is no more than 60; FM data is distributed over a 120-minute period according to its transmission frequency. One minute is used as a basic transmission unit, and the data transmission time is the last 50ms of each second within that minute. All FM data that need to be transmitted within that minute are arranged in sequence starting from the first second, and the total number of data does not exceed 59. EM data is distributed over a 120-second period according to its transmission frequency. Taking 1 second as a basic transmission unit, all EM data to be transmitted within that second are arranged sequentially starting from the first 50ms, and the total number of EM data is no more than 19. During the transmission of EM, FM, and GM data, the three types of data, EN, FN, and GN, are rectified and interleaved through the token bucket algorithm to ensure smooth transmission.

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