L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit break intelligent protector

Abstract

The invention discloses an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit break intelligent protector, which comprises a three-channel T-shaped bidirectional electronic switch, an LC low-pass filter, a relay output channel, a current detection channel and a main control module, and is characterized in that the three-channel T-shaped bidirectional electronic switch comprises three silicon carbide switch groups K3, and the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected with an input power supply; the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected with the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the third silicon carbide switch group K3. The second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the third silicon carbide switch group K3 are electrically connected with the relay output channel. According to the intelligent protector, a silicon carbide MOS common drain connection mode is adopted, single-phase electronic switches are combined into a bidirectional electronic switch, and a direct current BUCK-BOOST mode is combined, so that the intelligent protector can work in an alternating current power supply and a direct current power supply, short circuit sparks caused by short circuit are eliminated, and fire accidents caused by short circuit are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuit breakers, and in particular to an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector. Background Art

[0002] Electrical short circuits or equipment failures are the primary culprits of electrical fires. They pose a significant threat to human life and property year after year. Furthermore, the increasing use of new energy vehicles is driving increasing electricity demand in urban areas. This leads to significant heating of circuits due to aging and overload. Summer, with its high ambient temperatures, is particularly prone to electrical fires. Most household and commercial electricity systems are equipped with a simple leakage protector (RCD) and multiple 1P circuit breakers. This simple protection method can still generate sparks in the event of a short circuit.

[0003] Traditional mechanical circuit breakers use electromagnetic tripping to protect electrical equipment from short-circuit damage. However, this approach suffers from slow response and insensitivity. The hysteresis effect of the electromagnetic tripper combined with the reaction of mechanical components can result in a trip time of 30 milliseconds (ms) or even longer. Since the energy of a short-circuit spark is proportional to the current multiplied by time, a short-circuit in a mechanical circuit breaker's output circuit generates a large spark, which can easily ignite combustible materials and gases. Furthermore, mechanical circuit breakers utilize bimetallic springs for overcurrent and overload protection. The speed and duration of these springs' response vary depending on ambient temperature. At low ambient temperatures, they operate much more slowly than at high temperatures. Consequently, in some cases, the bimetallic springs may fail to activate even when the equipment and circuitry behind the circuit breaker are severely overheated. Furthermore, bimetallic springs present the risk of metal fatigue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector, comprising: a three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch, an LC low-pass filter, a relay output channel, a current detection channel and a main control module.

[0007] The input end of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the input power supply, the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the main control module, the output end of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the relay output channel, and the output end of the relay output channel passes through the LC low-pass filter and the current detection channel to output a voltage;

[0008] The three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch includes a first silicon carbide switch group K1, a second silicon carbide switch group K2, and a third silicon carbide switch group K3. The input end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected to the input power supply, the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected to the input end of the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the input end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3, respectively, and the output end of the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the output end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3 are electrically connected to the input end of the relay output channel, respectively.

[0009] In one embodiment, a fault arc detection unit is further included, wherein the input end of the fault arc detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the current detection channel, the output end of the fault arc detection unit is electrically connected to the main control module, and the output end of the fault arc detection unit is used to output voltage.

[0010] In one embodiment, a PWM drive generator is further included, and the PWM drive generator is electrically connected to the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch and the main control module respectively.

[0011] In one embodiment, the main control module is an MCU processor or a DSP processor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch further includes a connecting inductor L, a first end of the connecting inductor L is electrically connected to the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1, and a second end of the connecting inductor L is electrically connected to the input end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3.

[0013] In one embodiment, the current detection channel includes a main current detection unit and a leakage current detection unit, the input end of the main current detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the LC low-pass filter, the output end of the main current detection unit is electrically connected to the leakage current detection unit, and the output end of the leakage current detection unit is used to output voltage.

[0014] In one embodiment, the current detection channel further includes an output voltage detection unit, the output voltage detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the leakage current detection unit, and the output end of the output voltage detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the fault arc detection unit.

[0015] In one embodiment, a waveform correction unit is further included, wherein two input ends of the waveform correction unit are electrically connected to the output ends of the leakage current detection unit and the fault arc detection unit respectively, and the output end of the waveform correction unit is electrically connected to the main control module.

[0016] In one embodiment, three RC absorption channels are further included, and the input end of each RC absorption channel is electrically connected to the first silicon carbide switch group K1, the second silicon carbide switch group K2, and the third silicon carbide switch group K3 respectively.

[0017] In one embodiment, it further includes a combustible gas detection unit, a temperature detection unit, a voltage and current detection unit, and a communication unit, and the combustible gas detection unit, the temperature detection unit, the voltage and current detection unit, and the communication unit are electrically connected to the main control module respectively.

[0018] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0019] The present invention is an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker smart protector. By adopting a silicon carbide MOS common drain connection method, a single-phase electronic switch is combined into a bidirectional electronic switch, and a DC buck-boost method is combined, so that the smart protector can operate in both AC and DC power supplies. Three groups of electronic switches are combined with an inductor to form two back-to-back L modes, thereby eliminating short-circuit sparks caused by short circuits in the circuit breaker output line, effectively avoiding fire accidents caused by short circuits in electrical lines or loads. The rail-to-rail leakage current following technology can dissipate the residual current in the line at an extremely fast speed when there is no leakage or leakage in the line. When a person accidentally touches a charged object, the three-stage bidirectional electronic switch discharges the current in the line at a speed of NS (nanoseconds). The electric shock sensation is as slight as the voltage released by a lighter, thereby achieving the purpose of personal safety. Combined with power metering and information communication, the data in the line can be sent to the platform in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a functional principle diagram of an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the functional principle diagram of the traditional circuit breaker protector;

[0022] Figure 3 This is another functional principle diagram of a circuit breaker protector in a traditional way;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the L-type high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector shown;

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Functional principle diagram of the L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector in the first embodiment;

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A circuit diagram of an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to another embodiment;

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A circuit diagram of an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to another embodiment;

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The voltage curve of the L-type high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector shown;

[0028] Figure 9 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the L-type high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector during waveform correction is shown;

[0029] Figure 10 for Figure 9 The waveform diagram of the smart protector shown is during waveform correction;

[0030] Figure 11 Acquire waveforms for short-circuit current detection and arc fault detection;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a driving waveform diagram of an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 for Figure 1 The auxiliary power supply circuit diagram of the L-type high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector shown;

[0033] Figure 14 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the magnetic latching relay of the L-type high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector shown;

[0034] Figure 15 A circuit diagram of an isolated drive optocoupler according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 16 is a circuit diagram of a modulation pulse generator of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 17 A circuit diagram of a relay control portion of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 18 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the current controlled lock shown;

[0038] Figure 19 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the leakage current detection part is shown;

[0039] Figure 20 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the AND gate circuit shown;

[0040] Figure 21 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the main current and leakage current analog output is shown;

[0041] Figure 22 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the voltage acquisition part is shown;

[0042] Figure 23 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the MCU processor shown;

[0043] Figure 24 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the communication part shown;

[0044] Figure 25 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the 4G communication part shown;

[0045] Figure 26 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the network connection part is shown;

[0046] Figure 27 This is a functional principle diagram of an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure.

[0048] This is a new type of smart protector that is an iterative update of the traditional MOS type electronic circuit breaker and IGBT type electronic circuit breaker I-type architecture smart protector. The traditional MOS type electronic circuit breaker and IGBT type electronic circuit breaker both adopt an I-type structure. The electronic circuit breaker of this structure simply connects the unidirectional MOS tube and the IGBT tube back to back to form an electronic switch, and uses the high-speed shutdown principle of the electronic switch for protection, but it cannot eliminate the residual current in the line. In this case, it will still cause a large short-circuit spark. There are also newer and more advanced ones that use a single-stage L-type architecture, but this architecture cannot perform boost control and cannot be implemented in certain environments where the voltage needs to be increased.

[0049] Traditional electronic circuit breakers use silicon MOS transistors or IGBTs. While MOS transistors offer high switching frequencies, they lack the ability to achieve high voltages, with the highest voltage not exceeding 800V. While IGBTs offer a high withstand voltage, their internal PN junction structure prevents bidirectional electron flow. Reverse electron flow must pass through the IGBT's internal diode, resulting in very high losses. For every 100A increase in current, losses increase by 190-300W.

[0050] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter smart protector of the present application uses low-internal-resistance silicon carbide MOS as a carrier. Its internal resistance is only 40MΩ (milliohm) or even lower, so its loss is extremely small, which is equivalent to a direct pass when acting as an electronic switch. At the same time, silicon carbide MOS has an extremely high withstand voltage, and it is not a PN junction structure, so the frequency response speed is excellent. By utilizing these advantages and adding a dual L-shaped circuit design, it not only realizes the functions of a traditional electronic circuit breaker, but also further optimizes the function of eliminating short-circuit sparks.

[0051] See also Figure 2 In the traditional method, the power supply passes through the circuit breaker Q1 and enters the IGBT bidirectional electronic switch K1, then enters the relay switch KM1 for physical isolation, and then enters the main current detection CT1 for current collection and comparison. This method cannot adjust the output voltage, and there is no secondary electronic switch to discharge the residual current of the circuit. Although it can effectively suppress short-circuit sparks, the effect is relatively poor. At the same time, the IGBT switch is composed of a PN junction, so the on-state voltage drop is relatively large and the loss is relatively high.

[0052] See also Figure 3 In another traditional approach, the power flows through bidirectional switches K1 / K2 / K3 and then into inductors L1 / L2 / L3. Bidirectional switches K4 / K5 / K6 serve as freewheeling channels. Although this approach can extinguish arcs during short circuits, the boost function cannot be achieved due to the single-stage architecture, and it can only be used as a buck function. Furthermore, this approach only allows the current to operate in CCM and DCM modes, resulting in high losses and heat generation due to high-speed electronic switching. CCM and DCM are commonly used terms in switching power supplies, referring to the operating modes of the inductor current. CCM stands for continuous conduction mode, while DCM stands for discontinuous conduction mode.

[0053] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter smart protector of the present invention is a new type of power protector derived from the technology of electronic circuit breakers. It replaces the traditional IGBT electronic circuit breaker and adopts the more advanced silicon carbide MOS. Traditional silicon MOS or IGBT electronic circuit breakers can only realize bidirectional switching functions and cannot eliminate short-circuit sparks caused by residual charge in the circuit. The L-shaped electronic circuit breaker can only realize the functions of voltage reduction and bidirectional electronic switching.

[0054] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter protector uses silicon carbide high-speed MOSFETs instead of mechanical contacts, inherently eliminating sparks caused by switch contacts. High-speed MOSFETs also offer extremely fast switching speeds, measured in nanoseconds, enabling rapid output shutdown in the event of a line or load short. This device is highly suitable for environments exposed to dust, flammable gases, flammable liquids, mining, smelting, and production plants, all of which are extremely sensitive to sparks from electrical circuits and equipment; even the smallest spark can have catastrophic consequences.

[0055] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter smart protector can be used in any secondary protection location. Connected to the output of a secondary switch, it is suitable for use in homes, shopping malls, office buildings, schools, hospitals, shops, banks, government agencies, organizations, scenic spots, and many other areas requiring protection. Hospitals are particularly vulnerable. In psychiatric hospitals, patients, lacking basic cognitive skills, may accidentally touch outlets with metal objects, posing a risk of electric shock. The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter smart protector's rail-to-rail leakage protection responds within 100 nanoseconds (ns), disconnecting the output and discharging the current in the line to protect personnel. In mining applications, such as coal mines requiring low or increased voltage, the L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter smart protector can act as a stepless voltage transformer, continuously adjusting the output voltage within the required variable voltage range.

[0056] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter protector can act as a contactless electronic switch in the renewable energy sector. In solar-powered storage and charging, because DC power has no zero point, when the energy storage battery shuts off while still outputting current, arcing occurs. This arcing varies in strength with voltage and current. The higher the voltage and the greater the current, the longer the arc. Furthermore, traditional DC circuit breakers and vacuum switches are bulky, expensive, and have a short lifespan. The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter protector utilizes a 1600V silicon carbide MOS transistor. Its internal structure is an electric field channel, rather than a mechanical contact, allowing it to operate in a 1600V voltage environment and provide protection.

[0057] Specifically, see Figure 1, an L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector, hereinafter referred to as "intelligent protector". Specifically, the L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector includes: a three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch, an LC low-pass filter, a relay output channel, a current detection channel and a main control module. Preferably, the main control module is an MCU processor or a DSP processor. It should be noted that the main control module sends a control signal to the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch based on the real-time monitored power system status. The silicon carbide switch group, with its high-speed switching characteristics, can quickly respond to the instructions of the main control module and realize rapid on-off control of the circuit. This design enables the protector to cut off the circuit in a very short time when facing faults such as overcurrent and short circuit, effectively preventing the fault from expanding and protecting the safety of power equipment. When the current flows out of the relay output channel, it will pass through the LC low-pass filter. The LC low-pass filter uses the energy storage characteristics of inductance and capacitance to filter out high-frequency noise and interference signals in the circuit, allowing only low-frequency valid signals to pass. This process significantly improves the quality of the output voltage, reduces system malfunctions caused by noise interference, and provides a stable and reliable signal source for subsequent current detection and fault diagnosis. The relay output channel, a key link in circuit on-off, enables and disconnects the circuit under the control of a three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch. It also provides a stable current transmission channel for subsequent filtering and detection, ensuring the proper operation of the entire protection system. The current detection channel monitors the filtered current signal in real time and converts the detected current information into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the main control module and the arc fault detection unit. Based on the received current information, the main control module conducts real-time analysis and judgment of the power system's operating status, thereby making appropriate control decisions.

[0058] The input end of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the input power supply, the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the main control module, the output end of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the relay output channel, and the output end of the relay output channel passes through the LC low-pass filter and the current detection channel to output a voltage;

[0059] The three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch includes a first silicon carbide switch group K1, a second silicon carbide switch group K2, and a third silicon carbide switch group K3. The input end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected to the input power supply, the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected to the input end of the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the input end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3, respectively, and the output end of the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the output end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3 are electrically connected to the input end of the relay output channel, respectively.

[0060] The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector also includes a fault arc detection unit, the input end of the fault arc detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the current detection channel, the output end of the fault arc detection unit is electrically connected to the main control module, and the output end of the fault arc detection unit is used to output voltage. It should be noted that the fault arc detection unit uses current information to detect whether there is a fault arc phenomenon in the circuit. The fault arc detection unit uses the current information provided by the current detection channel to detect in real time whether there is a fault arc in the circuit. Once a fault arc is detected, the fault arc detection unit will immediately send an alarm signal to the main control module and output a corresponding voltage signal at the same time so that the main control module can take timely measures to cut off the circuit to prevent the fault arc from causing serious accidents such as fire.

[0061] See also Figure 1 Power flows through circuit breaker Q1 and into the first SiC switch group K1. When voltage regulation is not required, SiC switch groups K1 / K2 operate, while the third SiC switch group K3 remains closed. Current flows through SiC switch groups K1 / K2 and into the relay output channel. After filtering out high-frequency noise through the LC low-pass filter composed of inductor L2 and capacitor C1, current flows through the current output channel and then through the fault arc detection channel for output. When buck-boost mode is required, SiC switch groups K1 / K2 enter PWM modulation mode. The two SiC switch groups provide complementary outputs, adjusting the duty cycle from 10% to 90%. Inductor L2 and capacitor C1 perform high-frequency filtering and then convert the source into the required voltage for output.

[0062] The three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch further includes a connecting inductor L, a first end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1, and a second end of which is electrically connected to the input end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3.

[0063] By adopting a common-drain connection method for silicon carbide MOS (silicon carbide MOSFET), a single-phase electronic switch is combined into a bidirectional silicon carbide switch group. Combined with a DC buck-boost mechanism, the smart protector can operate with both AC and DC power sources. Three silicon carbide switch groups, combined with an inductor, form two back-to-back L-shaped circuits, eliminating short-circuit sparks caused by short circuits in the circuit breaker output line, effectively preventing fires caused by short circuits in electrical lines or loads. Rail-to-rail leakage current tracking technology rapidly dissipates residual current in the line, whether there is leakage or not. If a person accidentally touches a charged object, the three-stage bidirectional silicon carbide switch group discharges the current at a speed of nanoseconds (ns), resulting in a shock sensation similar to the voltage released by a lighter, ensuring personal safety. Combined with energy metering and information communication, the system can transmit line data to the platform in real time.

[0064] See also Figure 27 The smart protector also includes a PWM drive generator, which is electrically connected to the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch and the main control module. It should be noted that the use of the PWM drive generator enables the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch to operate with higher efficiency and precision. It can dynamically adjust the switch state based on real-time monitored power system parameters, effectively reducing energy loss and electromagnetic interference during the switching process. In addition, precise PWM control can also improve circuit stability and reliability, reduce the probability of failure, and extend the service life of power equipment.

[0065] See also Figure 27 , the current detection channel includes a main current detection unit and a leakage current detection unit, the input end of the main current detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the LC low-pass filter, the output end of the main current detection unit is electrically connected to the leakage current detection unit, and the output end of the leakage current detection unit is used to output voltage. It should be noted that by monitoring the main circuit current in real time, the main current detection unit can promptly detect obvious faults such as overcurrent and short circuit, and quickly transmit the information to the subsequent processing unit. Its high-precision detection capability ensures accurate measurement of the main circuit current, provides a reliable basis for the action of the protector, and effectively prevents equipment damage and safety accidents caused by abnormal current. The leakage current detection unit can promptly detect potential leakage hazards, and can accurately detect them even when the leakage current is small, thereby triggering the corresponding actions of the protector, such as cutting off the circuit, issuing an alarm, etc. This greatly reduces the risk of electric shock accidents and electrical fires, and improves the safety of the power system.

[0066] The current detection channel also includes an output voltage detection unit, which is electrically connected to the output end of the leakage current detection unit, and the output end of the output voltage detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the arc fault detection unit. It should be noted that the output voltage detection unit can monitor voltage fluctuations in real time and promptly detect abnormalities such as excessively high or low voltage. By accurately detecting the output voltage, measures can be taken in advance to adjust circuit parameters, ensuring the normal operation of power equipment and avoiding equipment damage and performance degradation caused by voltage anomalies.

[0067] The L-type high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector also includes a waveform correction unit, the two input ends of the waveform correction unit are electrically connected to the output ends of the leakage current detection unit and the fault arc detection unit respectively, and the output end of the waveform correction unit is electrically connected to the main control module. It should be noted that the signals output by the leakage current detection unit and the fault arc detection unit may contain certain noise, distortion or interference. After receiving these signals, the waveform correction unit uses advanced algorithms and filtering technologies to process and correct the signals in real time. The waveform correction unit can remove the noise components in the signal, restore the true waveform of the signal, and transmit the corrected signal to the main control module. The waveform correction unit ensures that the signal received by the main control module is accurate and reliable, and provides high-quality data support for subsequent fault judgment and control decisions.

[0068] The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector also includes three RC absorption channels, and the input end of each RC absorption channel is electrically connected to the first silicon carbide switch group K1, the second silicon carbide switch group K2, and the third silicon carbide switch group K3 respectively. It should be noted that when the silicon carbide switch group in the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch performs high-speed switching operations, large voltage spikes and current shocks will be generated in the circuit. The RC absorption channel utilizes the energy storage and buffering characteristics of resistors and capacitors to absorb the transient energy generated during the switching process. The capacitor stores energy at the moment the switch is turned on and releases energy at the moment the switch is turned off, thereby reducing the rate of change of voltage and current, reducing switching stress, and protecting the silicon carbide switch group and other circuit components from damage.

[0069] Furthermore, the first SiC switch group K1 includes two SiC MOS transistor switches connected in series, and a RC absorption channel connected across the two SiC MOS transistor switches. This reduces the rate of change of voltage and current, reduces switching stress, and protects the SiC switch group and other circuit components from damage.

[0070] The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector also includes a combustible gas detection unit, a temperature detection unit, a voltage and current detection unit and a communication unit. The combustible gas detection unit, the temperature detection unit, the voltage and current detection unit and the communication unit are electrically connected to the main control module respectively. It should be noted that the combustible gas detection unit monitors the combustible gas concentration in the environment surrounding the protector in real time. When it is detected that the combustible gas concentration exceeds the set safety threshold, it will immediately send an alarm signal to the main control module. After receiving the alarm signal, the main control module can take corresponding measures according to the preset program, such as cutting off the circuit, issuing an audible and visual alarm, etc., to prevent the combustible gas from causing a fire or explosion accident.

[0071] After passing through circuit breaker Q1, power is fed into a three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch and a PWM drive generator. Once the power input is detected, the required detection power type is input to the MCU or DSP for processing. An LC low-pass filter is connected to the downstream stage of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch to filter out high-frequency signals at the output. The RC absorption channel absorbs the voltage spikes and signals generated by the high-frequency switching of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch. The relay output channel provides secondary physical isolation of the output voltage. The main current detection channel monitors the main output current and load power, and determines and analyzes short-circuit and overload signals. Leakage current detection detects residual current and leakage current in the circuit. Output voltage detection provides real-time feedback to the MCU on the required output voltage. Arc fault detection detects whether there is any poor contact in the circuit and provides real-time feedback to the MCU.

[0072] The temperature detection unit monitors the temperature of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch in real time, and adjusts the PWM duty cycle signal of the fan when the temperature is low. The PWM drive generator adjusts the duty cycle according to the input voltage and output voltage. The voltage and current detection unit monitors the input current and voltage or the input current and voltage, and sends the feedback signal back to the MCU processing unit in real time. The MCU processing unit gives adjustment instructions to the PWM drive generator according to the required situation.

[0073] The combustible gas detection unit returns the combustible gas and smoke data values ​​in the line to the MCU processing unit. The MCU processing unit controls the output based on the collected values. The waveform correction unit returns the collected sinusoidal signal to the MCU processing unit. The communication unit returns the data collected by the machine to the big data platform in real time.

[0074] This is a single-unit, three-unit buck-boost AC / DC universal step-up / step-down smart power protector made with silicon carbide (SIC) devices. It utilizes a common-drain connection method for silicon carbide MOS (MOS MOSFET). Single-phase electronic switches are combined into a bidirectional silicon carbide switch group, and combined with a DC buck-boost method, the smart protector can operate with both AC and DC power sources. The three bidirectional silicon carbide switch groups are combined with an inductor to form two back-to-back L-type circuit breakers, hence the name L-type high-speed electronic current interruption smart protector.

[0075] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector is essentially a two-pole protector under an air switch, circuit breaker or leakage protector. Its main function is to eliminate circuit-breaking sparks, prevent electrical fires, and protect personal life and property safety. It uses single-phase and four-phase limited PWM dual-channel complementary pulse width modulation, combined with electricity metering, information communication, fault arc detection, combustible gas and smoke collection, AC and DC voltage step-up and step-down control, leakage and residual current collection, overload, overcurrent, overvoltage and undervoltage control, etc., making the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter smart protector no longer a simple electronic circuit breaker or mechanical circuit breaker. It fundamentally changes the working mode of mechanical circuit breakers. The traditional mechanical circuit breaker uses the principle of electromagnetic tripping to protect electrical equipment from damage caused by short circuits. However, the biggest disadvantage of this method is its slow response speed and insensitive reaction. At the same time, the hysteresis effect of the electromagnetic tripper and the reaction of mechanical components can make the operation time reach 30MS (milliseconds) or even longer. Since the energy of the short-circuit spark is proportional to the current multiplied by time, a large spark will be generated when the output line of the mechanical circuit breaker is short-circuited, which can easily ignite combustible materials and combustible gases. Mechanical circuit breakers use bimetallic springs for overcurrent and overload. The speed and duration of the reaction of this spring at different ambient temperatures are uncertain. It reacts much slower at low ambient temperatures than at high ambient temperatures. Therefore, in some cases, the bimetallic spring will not react even when the equipment and lines behind the circuit breaker are severely overheated. At the same time, the bimetallic spring also has the risk of metal fatigue.

[0076] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter protector utilizes silicon carbide MOSFETs with a common drain configuration to form a bidirectional electronic switch. This replaces traditional mechanical contacts, fundamentally eliminating the wear and lifespan issues associated with mechanical contacts. Furthermore, because MOSFETs are high-speed switches, their maximum speed can reach the MHz range, making them unmatched in current interruption performance. Three bidirectional silicon carbide switches and an inductor form a buck-boost voltage regulator, significantly simplifying variable voltage operation, which previously required a transformer or electronic power supply. Its bidirectional structure allows it to operate in both DC and AC modes. In a one-to-one voltage output mode, the buck-boost voltage regulator's K2 switch group is closed, while the K1 / K3 switches are active. In short-circuit arc extinguishing mode, the buck-boost voltage regulator's K1 switch group is closed, while the K2 / K3 switches are active. In buck-boost voltage regulation mode, the buck-boost voltage regulator's K2 switch group is closed, while the K1 / K3 switches operate in PWM mode. During short-circuit arc extinguishing, the BUCK-BOOST voltage regulating chamber K1 switch group interrupts the current, and the K2 / K3 switch groups consume the residual current. This method is faster than traditional I-type or single L-type electronic circuit breakers and has a better short-circuit arc extinguishing effect.

[0077] The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector can adjust voltage infinitely without the need for a transformer, significantly reducing costs and finding widespread application in mining environments. For example, coal mine roadway lighting operates on low voltages of 63V or 127V. Traditional methods require a large and bulky transformer to step down the voltage. These factors, however, are fatal drawbacks: high losses, low efficiency, and high cost. The L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector utilizes BUCK-BOOST-PWM dual-channel complementary pulse width modulation, utilizing an inductor and a subsequent LC low-pass filter to achieve both AC and DC voltage step-up and step-down operations. This achieves low cost, high efficiency, and a compact size.

[0078] In summary, the L-shaped high-speed electronic current interrupter, as a downstream protector for circuit breakers or air switches, eliminates short-circuit sparks caused by short-circuit in the circuit breaker output line, effectively preventing fire accidents caused by short-circuit in electrical lines or loads. Its rail-to-rail leakage current tracking technology rapidly dissipates residual current in the line, whether there is leakage or not. If a person accidentally touches a live object, the three-stage bidirectional electronic switch discharges the current in the line at a speed of nanoseconds (NS). The shock sensation is as slight as the voltage released by a lighter, ensuring personal safety. Combined with energy metering and information communication, the device can transmit line data to the platform in real time. Fault arc detection and combustible gas and smoke collection elevate the prevention of electrical fires from a post-event remedy.

[0079] See also Figure 4 The power supply is input through interface J4 / interface J10. MOS tubes U3, U5, U12, and U17 are four silicon carbide MOS tubes connected in parallel. The other MOS tubes are similar. Capacitor C6 / capacitor C7 are gate capacitances to reduce drive oscillation. Resistor R8 / resistor R9 / resistor R10 and capacitor C1 form a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit. Other forms are similar. Then, through relay J2 and relay J9, it is input into the LC low-pass filter composed of inductor L2 and capacitor C4 / capacitor C5, and then output from leakage current sensor CT1 and main current sensor CT2. The main current sensor CT2 detects the main current and the fault arc at the same time.

[0080] See also Figure 5 When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector only needs short-circuit arc extinguishing and fault arc and no voltage regulation function, the GATE2 of the 3rd bridge is at a low potential, the GATE1 of the 1st bridge and the GATE3 of the 2nd bridge work at a high potential, and the relay is attracted at this time.

[0081] See also Figure 6 When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector is in short-circuit arc extinguishing and fault arc detection work, the GATE1 of bridge 1 is at a low potential, and the GATE2 / GATE3 of bridges 2 and 3 are at a high potential. Bridge 1 shuts off the main current output, and bridges 2 / 3 eliminate the residual current in the line through the LC low-pass filter.

[0082] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter protector is in the BUCK-BOOST step-up / step-down voltage regulation mode, the GATE2 of the 3-bridge is always in the high-level open state, and the 1-bridge / 2-bridge is in the PWM interleaved complementary modulation mode. At this time, the output voltage waveform is opposite to the input voltage waveform. When in the BUCK mode, the duty cycle of the 1-bridge is less than the duty cycle of the 2-bridge. When in the BOOST step-up mode, the duty cycle of the 2-bridge is greater than the duty cycle of the 1-bridge. The voltage waveform on the inductor L2 is shown in the figure, and the output voltage waveform of the capacitor C1 is shown in the figure. Figure 8 shown.

[0083] See also Figure 9 and Figure 10 When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector is in waveform correction, Bridge 1 / Bridge 2 enters PWM interleaved complementary modulation mode, which eliminates the voltage at the peak position and fills the voltage gap.

[0084] See also Figure 11When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector is in short-circuit current and fault arc detection, it adopts the current follower comparison method and the precision operational amplifier rectification amplification, effectively avoiding the distinction between the starting current and the short-circuit current. At the same time, the LC resonance method is used for fault arc detection. When the periodic current is greater than the resonant cavity current, it is regarded as a fault arc.

[0085] See also Figure 12 When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector enters the BUCK-BOOST step-up / step-down voltage regulation mode, the driving waveforms of bridges 1 and 2 are shown. When the L-type high-speed electronic current interrupter intelligent protector is in step-down mode, the duty cycle of bridge 1 is smaller than that of bridge 2. When in step-up mode, the duty cycle of bridge 1 is larger than that of bridge 2.

[0086] See also Figure 13 The AC and DC power is fed into power module U2, generating a 15V_POWER DC power supply. This is then fed through diode D1 / diode D4 to filter capacitor C2 / capacitor C3, generating another 15V power supply. This 15V_POWER is then fed into the bridge driver transformer, generating six groups of driver power supplies, T1_1-T1_12. Each group then passes through four rectifier bridge diodes to generate fully isolated voltages, VCC1-VCC6. These voltages are then fed through voltage regulator chips U1-U12 to provide bridge drive, CPU power, positive and negative 12V power, and smoke sensor power. The 15V power supply is fed into pins 13 and 15 of chip U3, providing power to the chip. Pins 12 / 14 are the driver chip output pins, providing power to chips U6 and U7 through resistors R10 and R11.

[0087] See also Figure 14 15V_POWER charges capacitors C1-C5 through diode D1, allowing the latching relay to trip even after a power outage. Power is supplied to the latching control circuit through resistors R1 and R4. OA / OB drive the H-bridge through resistors R2 and R3. JDQK and SJ_OUT are connected to the fault lock. 15V_POWER charges capacitors C6-C9 through diode D6 and resistor R7, maintaining power to the motherboard even after a power outage.

[0088] See also Figures 15-27 Chip U17 and chip U21 are high-speed isolation driver optocouplers, which send the high-speed drive signal sent by the high-speed operational amplifier chip U15 to the push-pull output transistors Q8 / Q13 / Q20 / Q30 for amplification and then output to the gate of the bridge driver. START is the power-on drive signal, which controls whether the modulation pulse driver chip U16 sends the modulation pulse.

[0089] See also Figure 16The 8th pin SS of the modulation pulse generator is connected to the enable terminal and the MCU sends a power-on command. When the power-on command arrives, the resistor R92 and the resistor R103 divide the voltage and output it.

[0090] See also Figure 17 The relay closing and opening parts are composed of comparator U20. Comparator U20A and U20B form a window comparator and a double-limit comparator. Comparator U20C constitutes the opening pulse, which is output by resistor R123 and resistor R122.

[0091] See also Figure 18 and Figure 19 The current control lock section, I2_OUT, serves as the main current input. It passes through resistor R187 and is fed into the third pin of amplifier U22A for amplification. It is then output from pin 1 and divided by resistors R184 and R194, fed into the current acquisition chip. It then passes through resistor R173 to a precision rectifier amplifier, and finally into the main current control lock formed by comparator U25. The leakage current passes through I1_OUT and is fed into resistor R229, then into amplifier U22B for amplification 5x. It then passes through resistors R231 and R236 for voltage division, and finally into the current acquisition chip. It then passes through resistor R218 to a precision rectifier amplifier, and finally into the leakage current control lock formed by comparator U25.

[0092] See also Figure 20 , the gate input control sends a short-circuit lock signal to the magnetic latching relay and sends a signal to the MCU at the same time.

[0093] See also Figure 21 The analog outputs for the main and leakage currents are provided by op amp U26. DAC1_MCU / DAC2_MCU are the analog outputs of the MCU, amplified by amplifiers U26A / U26B and output from pins 1 and 7. In the event of a short circuit, the lock signal is divided by resistors R204 / R220 and R206 / R221 before being sent to the MCU.

[0094] See also Figure 22 The input voltage collection and output voltage collection are completed by the collection transformer T5 / T6. The voltage is sent to the transformer T5 / T6 through the resistor R58 / resistor R60. The transformer then sends the 220MV voltage signal to the voltage collection chip, and the voltage collection chip sends the signal to the MCU through the SPI signal transmission line.

[0095] See also Figure 23 The MCU calculates the data collected by each part and sends the obtained data values ​​and instructions to each unit.

[0096] See also Figure 24 、 Figure 25 and Figure 26In the communication section, J1 connects to the display. It connects the MCU's programming interface, RS232 communication interface, and 4G communication interface to the display. Internal jumpers separate the required interfaces, transferring the RS232, programming interface, 4G communication USB interface, and +3.3V-+5V power interface to external interfaces. The +5V power supply passes through C1 / C2 / C3 and enters the 3.6V voltage regulator chip U1, providing power to the 4G communication module. EC20_EN is the power enable switch for the 4G communication module, turning on the power to the 4G communication module when it is high. +3.6V is supplied to the module through pins 2, 24, 39, 41, and 52 of U2. Pins 8, 10, 12, and 14 are the module's SIM card interface. VDD_EXT is the +1.8V power interface, PERST is the reset interface, and RXT_EC20 / TXD_EC20 are the module's communication interfaces. USIM_RST / USIM_CLK / USIM_DATA / USIM_VDD are the connection ports for the SIM card, and NET_MODE / PERST_MCU / RXD3 / TXD3 are the module's indicator lights, level conversion, and network registration ports.

[0097] The above-described embodiments merely represent several embodiments of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector, characterized in that: include: Three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch, LC low-pass filter, relay output channel, current detection channel and main control module, The input end of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the input power supply, the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the main control module, the output end of the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch is electrically connected to the relay output channel, and the output end of the relay output channel passes through the LC low-pass filter and the current detection channel to output a voltage; The three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch includes a first silicon carbide switch group K1, a second silicon carbide switch group K2, and a third silicon carbide switch group K3. The input end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected to the input power supply, the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1 is electrically connected to the input end of the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the input end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3, respectively, and the output end of the second silicon carbide switch group K2 and the output end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3 are electrically connected to the input end of the relay output channel, respectively.

2. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fault arc detection unit, the input end of the fault arc detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the current detection channel, the output end of the fault arc detection unit is electrically connected to the main control module, and the output end of the fault arc detection unit is used to output voltage.

3. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a PWM drive generator, which is electrically connected to the three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch and the main control module respectively.

4. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module is an MCU processor or a DSP processor.

5. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-channel T-type bidirectional electronic switch further includes a connecting inductor L, a first end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the first silicon carbide switch group K1, and a second end of which is electrically connected to the input end of the third silicon carbide switch group K3.

6. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The current detection channel includes a main current detection unit and a leakage current detection unit, the input end of the main current detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the LC low-pass filter, the output end of the main current detection unit is electrically connected to the leakage current detection unit, and the output end of the leakage current detection unit is used to output a voltage.

7. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The current detection channel further includes an output voltage detection unit, wherein the output voltage detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the leakage current detection unit, and the output end of the output voltage detection unit is electrically connected to the output end of the fault arc detection unit.

8. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a waveform correction unit, the two input ends of the waveform correction unit are electrically connected to the output ends of the leakage current detection unit and the fault arc detection unit respectively, and the output end of the waveform correction unit is electrically connected to the main control module.

9. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes three RC absorption channels, and the input end of each RC absorption channel is electrically connected to the first silicon carbide switch group K1, the second silicon carbide switch group K2, and the third silicon carbide switch group K3 respectively.

10. The L-shaped high-speed electronic circuit breaker intelligent protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a combustible gas detection unit, a temperature detection unit, a voltage and current detection unit and a communication unit, and the combustible gas detection unit, the temperature detection unit, the voltage and current detection unit and the communication unit are electrically connected to the main control module respectively.

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