A detachable multi-universal wireless charger control method and system

Abstract

The application provides a detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method and system, which realizes flexible combination charging of a mobile phone, earphones and a watch through modular design, triggers a combination mode or disconnects protection based on USB-C interface CC pin voltage detection, dynamically adjusts a charging state, exchanges module identity and parameters through an I2C bus, ensures communication reliability in combination with ECDSA security authentication, calculates a target power according to a device type and a charging protocol, dynamically adjusts priority according to insertion time, optimizes power distribution in combination with Qi2.2 MPP protocol, distinguishes metal foreign matters and human body contact by using coil current fluctuation and resonance frequency offset, monitors temperature and voltage in real time and triggers overheat and overvoltage protection, evaluates SOC and SOH by sampling battery voltage through an ADC and in combination with cycle number and internal resistance change, predicts battery life and triggers low life warning.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless charging control, in particular to a detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Current wireless charging technology mainly relies on electromagnetic induction scheme, but there are problems such as poor compatibility, low efficiency, and single function. Traditional wireless chargers are mostly fixed structures, which are difficult to adapt to different scene requirements (such as vehicle-mounted, portable, etc.), and users need to carry multiple sets of equipment, causing resource waste and inconvenience of use. In addition, the existing technology lacks intelligent management of modular combination, cannot dynamically adjust power distribution, leading to conflicts in charging efficiency of high-power devices (such as mobile phones) and low-power devices (such as earphones). At the same time, the single foreign object detection method cannot distinguish between metal foreign objects and human bodies, which poses a safety hazard. In terms of battery life management, most schemes only rely on voltage sampling to estimate the remaining power, without combining cycle count and internal resistance changes for health assessment, resulting in large life prediction errors.

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method. Through modular design, flexible combination of mobile phones, earphones and folding connectors is realized, and based on CC pin detection of USB-C interface and USB PD protocol, intelligent switching and disconnection protection of combination mode are realized. Combined with I2C bus communication and ECDSA authentication, the safety of module identity verification and parameter synchronization is ensured. Dynamic priority algorithm and Qi2.2 MPP protocol are used to optimize power distribution, to meet the needs of high-priority devices first. Foreign objects are identified through resonance frequency offset and infrared sensing, and a temperature-voltage dual protection mechanism is introduced to improve safety. At the same time, based on voltage sampling, cycle count and internal resistance changes, a battery life model is constructed to accurately predict the remaining life. This method effectively solves the shortcomings of existing technology in compatibility, safety and intelligent management, and promotes the development of wireless charging towards high efficiency, safety and long life. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method and system.

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present application is to solve the shortcomings of existing wireless chargers in modular compatibility, safety and multi-device cooperative charging, and to solve the problems of poor multi-device compatibility, low charging efficiency, safety hazards and short battery life.

[0006] A detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method employs the following technical solutions:

[0007] S1: The wireless charger adopts a detachable design, which is divided into a mobile phone charging module, an earphone charging module and a folding connector. The folding connector part has a designed battery, which can provide battery power for the mobile phone and watch without external power supply. When combined, it can charge the mobile phone and watch at the same time. After disassembly, it can be used as a mobile phone magnetic suction charger and a watch charger for separate carrying;

[0008] S2: The wireless charger detects the connection state based on the CC pin of the USB-C interface. When the modules are connected through the USB-C physical connection, the combination mode signal is triggered. If the module is abnormally disconnected, including the USB-C interface loosening, the disconnection protection mechanism is triggered, and all charging operations are suspended;

[0009] S3: Based on the communication protocol between modules, exchange identity information, including module type, version number, battery status, exchange data through I2C communication protocol bus, verify module identity and synchronize parameters, including supported charging protocol, power upper limit;

[0010] S4: Determine the target power according to the device type and charging protocol, read the charging protocol of the device through the protocol chip, calculate the target power, and the device type includes mobile phone, watch and earphone;

[0011] S5: Dynamically adjust the output power according to the module combination mode. In combination mode, preferentially allocate maximum power to high priority devices, and allocate remaining power to low priority devices. Based on time sensitivity, adjust the priority, combine the MPP protocol of Qi2.2 standard, and dynamically adjust the power distribution of each module;

[0012] S6: Detect foreign matter through magnetic field strength monitoring. The monitoring objects include coil current change, based on the resonance frequency offset of the monitoring transmitter and receiver, distinguish metal foreign matter and human body contact, real-time monitor module temperature and voltage, set overheat and overvoltage protection trigger mechanism, when the temperature approaches the threshold, dynamically reduce the output power, delay the temperature rise;

[0013] S7: Calculate the remaining power of the folding connector module through voltage sampling. Introduce battery health algorithm, evaluate battery life through cycle times and internal resistance changes.

[0014] Further, in S2, the CC pin of the USB-C interface detects the connection state, triggers the combination mode signal, triggers the disconnection protection mechanism, and suspends all charging operations, including:

[0015] Initialize the voltage sampling circuit and filtering algorithm of the CC pin, collect the voltage values of CC1 and CC2 every 10ms, perform sliding average filtering on the voltage values, calculate the current voltage, if the voltage value is detected to be higher than 4.7V for 3 times in succession, trigger the combined mode signal, if the voltage value suddenly drops to 0V and is lower than 0.5V, enter the next step of disconnection detection;

[0016] After detecting that the CC pin voltage meets the combined mode condition, start the USB PD protocol message exchange, the downstream port sends its supported power supply capability to the upstream port, the upstream port requests the matching power supply parameters according to its own demand, if the protocols of both sides match, activate the combined mode;

[0017] Continuously monitor the CC pin voltage, VBUS current and mechanical switch state, if any of the following conditions is detected, start the disconnection protection: the CC pin voltage is lower than 0.5V, the VBUS current suddenly drops to 0A, the mechanical switch detects that the plug is loose;

[0018] Start the delay timer, wait for the exception to recover, if the delay timer times out, turn off the VBUS power supply and suspend all charging operations.

[0019] Further, in S3, identity information is exchanged based on the communication protocol between modules, data is exchanged through the I2C communication protocol bus, module identity is verified and parameters are synchronized, including:

[0020] After the combined mode signal is triggered in S2, initialize the I2C bus, set the communication rate, poll the I2C addresses of all modules, send an identity information reading instruction, receive the identity information returned by the modules, verify the data integrity, if all modules pass the verification, enter the next step of parameter synchronization, otherwise, suspend the combined mode;

[0021] After the identity information exchange is completed, the master control chip checks whether the module supports security authentication, if the module supports security authentication, start the ECDSA verification process, send a random number to the security chip of the module, receive the signature returned by the module, verify the legality of the signature, if the authentication fails, limit the power of the module to 5W, if it succeeds, allow it to participate in dynamic power distribution.

[0022] Further, in S4, the target power is determined according to the device type and charging protocol, the charging protocol of the device is read through the protocol chip, and the target power is calculated, including:

[0023] After detecting that the device is inserted, the protocol chip starts to read the PID of the device, matches the device type according to the PID, the device type includes mobile phone, watch and earphone, the protocol chip sends the protocol list supported by the device to the master control chip, the master control chip selects the protocol with the highest compatibility, and records the device type and protocol version;

[0024] The master chip receives the device type and protocol information, queries the preset power range according to the device type and protocol version, and calculates the current available power in combination with the module combination state.

[0025] Further, the S5 dynamically adjusts the output power according to the module combination mode, adjusts the priority based on time sensitivity, dynamically adjusts the power distribution of each module in combination with the MPP protocol of the Qi2.2 standard, including:

[0026] S51: Define device priority, high-priority device is a mobile phone, medium-priority device is a watch, and low-priority device is a headset. The priority weight is represented by a weight coefficient , , which respectively correspond to mobile phones, watches, and headsets;

[0027] S52: Dynamically adjust the priority weight according to the device insertion time , , wherein is a time decay factor, which is dynamically related to the device insertion time, , wherein is a decay rate coefficient, which is 0.01 / s, is the device insertion time, and the power is allocated according to the adjusted weight to meet the demand of high-priority devices first;

[0028] S53: Calculate the maximum power under the MPP protocol , , wherein is an efficiency coefficient, which is 0.85, is an input voltage provided by the USB-C interface, is a load impedance detected by the device protocol chip, and the target power in S4 is compared with , , and the smaller value is taken as the actual allocated power . If there is remaining power, it is allocated according to the weight of low-priority devices.

[0029] Further, the S6 distinguishes between metal foreign objects and human contact based on the resonance frequency offset of the monitored transmitter and receiver, monitors the module temperature and voltage in real time, and sets the overheat and overvoltage protection triggering mechanism, including:

[0030] S61: Real-time monitoring of the current of the transmitting coil based on the current sensor and frequency monitoring circuit , the resonance frequency of the transmitter and receiver is monitored through the phase-locked loop module , the current reference value without foreign matter is obtained , and the frequency reference value without foreign matter is obtained , calculate current fluctuation value ΔI and frequency fluctuation value Δf, ΔI is the absolute value of the difference between the current value of the transmitting coil and the current reference value without foreign matter, Δf is the absolute value of the difference between the frequency value of the transmitting coil and the frequency reference value without foreign matter, when ΔI is greater than the threshold value, triggering foreign matter warning, when Δf is greater than the threshold value, judging as metal foreign matter;

[0031] S62: detecting human body proximity state based on infrared proximity sensor , when ΔI is greater than the threshold value and , judging as metal foreign matter, when ΔI is greater than the threshold value and , judging as human body contact;

[0032] S63: real-time sampling module temperature and input voltage , setting temperature threshold and voltage threshold , when module real-time temperature ≥ temperature threshold, dynamically reducing output power, , wherein is the reduced output power, is the target power in S4, is the safety temperature, is the safety margin, and the temperature threshold is the sum of the safety temperature and the safety margin, when the input voltage ≥ voltage threshold, immediately stopping charging.

[0033] Further, the remaining power of the folding connector module is calculated by voltage sampling in S7, and the battery life is evaluated by cycle number and internal resistance change, including:

[0034] S71: reducing the battery voltage to the ADC measurable range by resistance voltage division, and sampling the voltage after voltage division by the built-in ADC module of STM32 ;

[0035] S72: calculating the initial SOC by substituting the sampled and divided voltage into the voltage-remaining power SOC mapping formula, , wherein is the battery characteristic parameter, calibrated by experiment;

[0036] S73: correcting the SOC calculation combined with the real-time monitored module temperature in S6 , , wherein is the temperature correction coefficient, taking the value 0.001, is the standard temperature 25℃, is the corrected SOC;

[0037] S74: recording the cumulative cycle number of the battery , measure real-time internal resistance based on pulse charge-discharge method , calculate current battery health SOH, , For calibration resistance, combine cycle number and capacity attenuation formula to calculate real-time capacity , , wherein is the nominal capacity, is the capacity attenuation rate constant, calibrated by experiment;

[0038] S75: residual life prediction based on capacity attenuation, , wherein is the residual life predicted based on capacity attenuation, residual life based on internal resistance increase, , wherein is the residual life predicted based on internal resistance increase, is the internal resistance increase rate constant, calibrated by experiment, comprehensive residual life determination, take and The minimum value of

[0039] Further, a detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control system for implementing any one of the above-mentioned detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control methods, the detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control system comprising: a combination mode control module, a module identity verification module, a device power management module, a foreign matter detection and safety protection module, and a battery power and life management module:

[0040] Combination mode control module: initialize voltage sampling circuit, eliminate noise by sliding average filtering, trigger combination mode when CC voltage > 4.7V is detected for 3 times in a row, start disconnect protection when CC voltage < 0.5V and VBUS current drops to 0A, turn off VBUS power if timeout, send power capability from downstream port, request matching power supply parameters from upstream port, negotiate power distribution through Sink Request message;

[0041] Module identity verification module: initialize I2C bus, poll module address, send identity information reading instruction, verify the integrity of module identity information, suspend combination mode if failed, use ECDSA verification, master chip generates random number and sends to module security chip, verify legality after receiving signature, limit module power to 5W if authentication fails, allow to participate in dynamic power distribution if successful;

[0042] Device power management module: the protocol chip reads the device PID, matches the device type through the PID database, calculates the target power according to the device protocol, adjusts the power upper limit combined with the module combination state, sets the priority weight, adjusts the weight through the time decay factor, calculates the maximum power based on the MPP protocol, and takes the smaller value of the target power and the maximum power as the actual allocated power;

[0043] Foreign matter detection and safety protection module: the current sensor monitors the transmitting coil current, the phase-locked loop module detects the resonance frequency, the judgment based on the current fluctuation value and the frequency fluctuation value is metal foreign matter, the infrared proximity sensor detects the human body proximity state, and the metal foreign matter and human body contact are distinguished, the temperature sensor samples the module temperature in real time, the power is dynamically adjusted, and the charging is immediately stopped when the input voltage is greater than the threshold value;

[0044] Battery power and life management module: the resistance voltage division circuit reduces the battery voltage to the ADC range, the STM32 ADC is sampled, the SOC is calculated and corrected combined with the temperature, the internal resistance is measured by the pulse charge and discharge method, the SOH is calculated, the capacity attenuation model and the internal resistance increase model are established, and the comprehensive remaining life judgment is performed.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the application are: through the detachable mobile phone charging module, earphone charging module and folding connector, the user can freely combine or carry the module alone according to the demand, meet the charging demand in different scenes, the folding connector has a built-in battery, and can still provide temporary charging function for the mobile phone and watch when there is no external power supply, solve the charging problem in the case of sudden power failure or outdoor scene, and improve the practicability;

[0046] The power allocation weight is dynamically adjusted based on the device type and insertion time, the resource allocation is optimized combined with the time decay factor, the high-priority device is ensured to be charged quickly, the user experience is improved, the output power is adjusted in real time according to the module combination state and load impedance, and the charging efficiency is prevented from being reduced due to the difference between device types;

[0047] By monitoring the transmitting coil current fluctuation and resonance frequency offset, the metal foreign matter and human body contact are distinguished combined with the infrared sensor, the short circuit or overheating risk caused by the metal foreign matter is effectively prevented, the charging is immediately stopped when the input voltage is out of limit, and the device is prevented from being damaged due to overheating or overvoltage;

[0048] Through voltage sampling and temperature correction, high-precision power display is provided, the user is prevented from interrupting the use due to power misjudgment, the battery health is comprehensively evaluated and the remaining life is predicted combined with the cycle number, internal resistance change and capacity attenuation model, the low life warning is triggered in time, and the battery service life is prolonged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1A detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method flow chart;

[0050] Figure 2 A detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control system module chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The application will be further clarified by the following examples, but the scope of the application is not limited to this.

[0052] A detachable multi-in-one wireless charger control method, the technical scheme adopted is as follows:

[0053] S1: The wireless charger adopts a detachable design, which is divided into a mobile phone charging module, an earphone charging module and a folding connector. The folding connector part has a designed battery. In the absence of external power supply, the battery is used to power the mobile phone and watch. In the combined state, the mobile phone and watch are charged at the same time. After disassembly, it is used as a mobile phone magnetic suction charger and a watch charger for separate carrying;

[0054] S2: The wireless charger detects the connection state based on the CC pin of the USB-C interface. When the modules are connected through the USB-C physical connection, the combination mode signal is triggered. If it is detected that the module is abnormally disconnected, including the loosening of the USB-C interface, the disconnection protection mechanism is triggered, and all charging operations are suspended;

[0055] S3: Based on the communication protocol between the modules, exchange identity information, including module type, version number, battery status, exchange data through the I2C communication protocol bus, verify module identity and synchronize parameters, including supported charging protocol, power upper limit;

[0056] S4: Determine the target power according to the device type and the charging protocol. Read the charging protocol of the device through the protocol chip, calculate the target power, and the device type includes mobile phone, watch and earphone;

[0057] S5: Dynamically adjust the output power according to the module combination mode. In the combination mode, the maximum power is preferentially allocated to high-priority devices, and the remaining power is allocated to low-priority devices. Based on time sensitivity, adjust the priority, combine the MPP protocol of Qi2.2 standard, and dynamically adjust the power distribution of each module;

[0058] S6: Detect foreign matter through magnetic field strength monitoring. The monitoring objects include coil current change. Based on the resonance frequency offset of the monitoring transmitter and receiver, distinguish metal foreign matter and human body contact, real-time monitor module temperature and voltage, set overheat and overvoltage protection trigger mechanism, when the temperature approaches the threshold, dynamically reduce the output power, and delay the temperature rise;

[0059] S7: Calculate the remaining power of the folding connector module through voltage sampling, introduce battery health algorithm, evaluate battery life through cycle number and internal resistance change.

[0060] Further, in S2, the CC pin of the USB-C interface is used to detect the connection state, trigger the combination mode signal, trigger the disconnection protection mechanism, and suspend all charging operations, including:

[0061] Initialize the voltage sampling circuit and filtering algorithm of the CC pin, collect the voltage values of CC1 and CC2 every 10ms, perform sliding average filtering on the voltage values, calculate the current voltage, and if the voltage value is detected to be higher than 4.7V for three consecutive times, trigger the combination mode signal, and if the voltage value drops to 0V and below 0.5V, proceed to the next disconnection detection.

[0062] After detecting that the CC pin voltage meets the combination mode condition, start the USB PD protocol message exchange, the downstream port sends its supported power supply capability to the upstream port, the upstream port requests matching power supply parameters according to its own needs, and if the protocols of both parties match, the combination mode is activated.

[0063] Continuously monitor the CC pin voltage, VBUS current, and mechanical switch state, and if any of the following conditions is detected, start the disconnection protection: CC pin voltage below 0.5V, VBUS current drops to 0A, mechanical switch detects plug loosening.

[0064] Start the delay timer and wait for the anomaly to recover, and if the delay timer times out, turn off the VBUS power and suspend all charging operations.

[0065] Further, in S3, exchange identity information based on the communication protocol between modules, exchange data through the I²C communication protocol bus, verify module identity and synchronize parameters, including:

[0066] After the combination mode signal is triggered in S2, initialize the I²C bus, set the communication rate, poll the I²C addresses of all modules, send identity information reading instructions, receive the identity information returned by the modules, verify data integrity, and if all modules pass the verification, proceed to the next parameter synchronization, otherwise, suspend the combination mode.

[0067] After the identity information exchange is completed, the master chip checks whether the module supports security authentication, and if the module supports security authentication, starts the ECDSA verification process, sends a random number to the security chip of the module, receives the signature returned by the module, verifies the legality of the signature, and if the authentication fails, limits the module power to 5W, and if it is successful, allows it to participate in dynamic power distribution.

[0068] Further, the S4 determines the target power according to the device type and the charging protocol, reads the charging protocol of the device through the protocol chip, and calculates the target power, including:

[0069] Upon detection of device insertion, the protocol chip starts reading the PID of the device, matches the device type according to the PID, the device type includes mobile phone, watch, earphone, the protocol chip sends the device supported protocol list to the master control chip, the master control chip selects the protocol with the highest compatibility, and records the device type and protocol version;

[0070] The master control chip receives the device type and protocol information, queries the preset power range according to the device type and protocol version, and calculates the current available power in combination with the module combination state.

[0071] Further, the S5 dynamically adjusts the output power according to the module combination mode, adjusts the priority based on time sensitivity, dynamically adjusts the power distribution of each module in combination with the MPP protocol of Qi2.2 standard, including:

[0072] S51: Define device priority, high-priority device is mobile phone, medium-priority device is watch, and low-priority device is earphone, priority weight is represented by weight coefficient , , corresponding to mobile phone, watch and earphone respectively;

[0073] S52: Dynamically adjust the priority weight according to the device insertion time , , wherein is the time decay factor, which is dynamically related to the device insertion time, , wherein is the decay rate coefficient, taking 0.01 / s, is the device insertion time, and the power is allocated according to the adjusted weight to meet the demand of high-priority device first;

[0074] According to the device insertion time, the priority weight is dynamically adjusted, so that the priority of the newly inserted device is higher, and the priority of the old device is gradually reduced, the high-priority demand of the newly inserted device such as mobile phone is met first, and the low-priority device such as earphone cannot be charged due to long-term occupation of the device, the high-priority device obtains higher power at the beginning, and then gradually releases resources to other devices, the selection of parameter is based on experimental verification to meet the demand of fast response;

[0075] S53: Calculate the maximum power under MPP protocol , , wherein is the efficiency coefficient, taking 0.85, is the input voltage provided by USB-C interface, Load impedance, detected by device protocol chip, target power in S4 Compare, take the smaller value as the actual allocation power If there is remaining power, allocate according to the low priority device weight;

[0076] According to the principle of electricity, the maximum power transfer theorem points out that when the load impedance is equal to the source resistance, the power is maximum, while in the actual wireless charging system, the efficiency is the key variable, according to the real-time load impedance and input voltage to adjust the power allocation, to ensure that high priority devices such as mobile phones are given priority to obtain maximum power, and the remaining power is allocated according to the low priority device weight, to maximize resource utilization, Efficiency coefficient for experimental calibration.

[0077] Further, the S6 is based on the monitoring of the resonance frequency offset of the transmitter and receiver, to distinguish metal foreign matter from human body contact, to monitor the real-time module temperature and voltage, and to set the overheat and overvoltage protection trigger mechanism, including:

[0078] S61: Based on the current sensor and frequency monitoring circuit, real-time monitoring of the current of the transmitting coil Through the phase-locked loop module to monitor the resonance frequency of the transmitter and receiver Obtain the current reference value without foreign matter And the frequency reference value without foreign matter Calculate the current fluctuation value ΔI and the frequency fluctuation value Δf, ΔI is the absolute value of the difference between the current value of the transmitting coil and the current reference value without foreign matter, Δf is the absolute value of the difference between the frequency value of the transmitting coil and the frequency reference value without foreign matter, when ΔI is greater than the threshold value, trigger foreign matter warning, when Δf is greater than the threshold value, determine as metal foreign matter;

[0079] S62: Based on the infrared proximity sensor to detect the human body proximity state When ΔI is greater than the threshold value and Determine as metal foreign matter, when ΔI is greater than the threshold value and Determine as human body contact;

[0080] S63: Real-time sampling of module temperature And input voltage Set temperature threshold And voltage threshold When the real-time temperature of the module is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, dynamically reduce the output power, Where Is the reduced output power, Is the target power in S4, Is the safety temperature,​ For safety margin, the temperature threshold is the sum of the safety temperature and the safety margin, and the charging is stopped immediately when the input voltage ≥ voltage threshold;

[0081] When the temperature is close to the threshold, the output power is dynamically reduced to delay the temperature rise, and the power adjustment is linearly related to the temperature rise to avoid sudden changes, assuming that the power is linearly related to the temperature, The matching between temperature change and power adjustment under different loads is determined by the temperature-power curve.

[0082] Further, the remaining power of the folding connector module is calculated by voltage sampling in S7, and the battery life is evaluated by the number of cycles and the change in internal resistance, including:

[0083] S71: Reduce the battery voltage to the ADC measurable range by resistance voltage division, and sample the voltage after voltage division by the STM32 built-in ADC module ;

[0084] S72: Calculate the initial SOC by substituting the sampled and divided voltage into the voltage-remaining power SOC mapping formula, Where is a battery characteristic parameter calibrated by experiment;

[0085] The remaining power is estimated by the battery voltage sampled by the ADC, and the value of the parameter is obtained by fitting a quadratic polynomial to discrete points, and the parameter is independently calibrated for different battery models to adapt to various application scenarios. For LiFePO4 batteries, a=0.5, b=2.0, and c=-1.0;

[0086] S73: Correct the SOC calculation in combination with the module temperature monitored in S6, Where is the temperature correction coefficient, with a value of 0.001, is the standard temperature 25℃, is the corrected SOC;

[0087] Based on the thermal expansion effect, high temperature may temporarily increase the available capacity of the battery, and low temperature may inhibit ion migration. Assuming that the SOC and temperature deviation are linearly related, adjust the correction amplitude by The uncorrected SOC may have a ±5% error due to temperature fluctuations, and the SOC needs to be corrected in real time to adapt to different operating temperatures. Calculate the correction proportion of the SOC with temperature change, and fit value;

[0088] S74: Record the cumulative number of cycles of the battery , measure the real-time internal resistance based on the pulse charging and discharging method Calculate the current battery health status (SOH). , To calibrate the internal resistance, the real-time capacity is calculated by combining the number of cycles and the capacity decay formula. , ,in Nominal capacity The capacity decay rate constant is determined experimentally.

[0089] Battery health and current capacity are assessed by measuring internal resistance and cycle count. Increased internal resistance is a major indicator of battery aging, while capacity decreases exponentially with cycle count. Measuring changes in internal resistance directly reflects the degree of battery aging. Capacity decay follows the Arrhenius equation. This invention simplifies the process by considering only the cycle count. Reflects the aging rate of battery materials;

[0090] S75: Remaining lifetime prediction based on capacity degradation ,in The remaining lifetime is based on capacity decay prediction versus remaining lifetime based on increased internal resistance. ,in The remaining lifetime is predicted based on the increase in internal resistance. The rate constant for the increase in internal resistance is determined experimentally and, based on the remaining lifetime assessment, is taken as... and The minimum value of the total remaining lifetime is used to trigger a low lifetime alarm if the total remaining lifetime is less than the threshold.

[0091] By analyzing the degradation trends of capacity and internal resistance, the remaining battery life can be predicted. When the capacity decays to a threshold, the battery needs to be discontinued; when the internal resistance increases to a safe threshold, the battery requires maintenance. Capacity decay directly affects battery life, while increased internal resistance leads to heat generation and decreased efficiency. This can be deduced from the capacity decay model. Assuming the internal resistance increases linearly with the number of cycles, The rate of increase in internal resistance was calibrated through experiments.

[0092] Furthermore, a detachable all-in-one wireless charger control system is provided to implement the detachable all-in-one wireless charger control method described in any of the above claims. The detachable all-in-one wireless charger control system includes: a combination mode control module, a module authentication module, a device power management module, a foreign object detection and safety protection module, and a battery power and lifespan management module.

[0093] Combination mode control module: Initializes the voltage sampling circuit, eliminates noise through moving average filtering, triggers combination mode when CC voltage > 4.7V is detected 3 times consecutively, starts disconnect protection when CC voltage < 0.5V and VBUS current drops to 0A, shuts down VBUS power if timeout occurs, sends power capability on downlink port, requests matching power parameters on uplink port, and negotiates power allocation through Sink Request message.

[0094] Module authentication module: Initializes the I²C bus, polls the module address, sends an identity information read command, and verifies the integrity of the module identity information. If it fails, it pauses the combination mode and uses ECDSA verification. The main control chip generates a random number and sends it to the module security chip. After receiving the signature, it verifies the legality. If authentication fails, it limits the module power to 5W. If it succeeds, it allows participation in dynamic power allocation.

[0095] Device power management module: The protocol chip reads the device PID, matches the device type through the PID database, calculates the target power according to the device protocol, adjusts the power limit in combination with the module combination status, sets priority weights, adjusts the weights through the time decay factor, calculates the maximum power based on the MPP protocol, and takes the smaller value between the target power and the maximum power as the actual allocated power.

[0096] Foreign object detection and safety protection module: The current sensor monitors the current of the transmitting coil, the phase-locked loop module detects the resonant frequency, and the determination of metal foreign objects based on the current fluctuation value and frequency fluctuation value is based on the infrared proximity sensor to detect the human body approaching, which helps to distinguish the contact between metal foreign objects and human body, and the temperature sensor samples the module temperature in real time, dynamically adjusts the power, and immediately stops charging when the input voltage is greater than the threshold.

[0097] Battery power and life management module: The resistor voltage divider circuit reduces the battery voltage to the ADC range, samples it through the STM32 ADC, calculates the SOC and combines it with temperature correction, measures the internal resistance using the pulse charge and discharge method, calculates the SOH, establishes a capacity decay model and an internal resistance increase model, and performs a comprehensive remaining life determination.

[0098] This invention provides a detachable all-in-one wireless charger control method and system. Through modular design, it enables flexible charging combinations for mobile phones, earphones, and watches. Based on the voltage detection of the CC pin of the USB-C interface, it triggers combination mode or disconnection protection, dynamically adjusting the charging state. It exchanges module identity and parameters via the I²C bus, and combines ECDSA security authentication to ensure communication reliability. It calculates the target power according to the device type and charging protocol, dynamically adjusting priority based on insertion time. It optimizes power allocation using the Qi2.2 MPP protocol, distinguishing between metal foreign objects and human contact using coil current fluctuations and resonant frequency shifts. It monitors temperature and voltage in real time and triggers overheat and overvoltage protection. It samples battery voltage using an ADC, and evaluates SOC and SOH based on cycle count and internal resistance changes, predicting battery life and triggering a low-life alarm.

Claims

1. A control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger, characterized in that, include: S1: The wireless charger features a detachable design, consisting of a mobile phone charging module, an earphone charging module, and a folding connector. The folding connector has a built-in battery that powers the phone and watch when no external power source is available. When combined, it charges both the phone and watch simultaneously. When detached, it can be used as a magnetic phone charger and a watch charger, respectively. S2: The wireless charger detects the connection status based on the CC pin of the USB-C interface. When the modules are physically connected via USB-C, a combination mode signal is triggered. If an abnormal disconnection of the module is detected, including a loose USB-C interface, a disconnection protection mechanism is triggered to suspend all charging operations. S3: Exchange identity information based on the inter-module communication protocol, including module type, version number, and battery status. Exchange data through the I²C communication protocol bus to verify module identity and synchronize parameters, including supported charging protocols and power limits. S4: Determine the target power based on the device type and charging protocol. Read the device's charging protocol through the protocol chip and calculate the target power. Device types include mobile phones, watches, and headphones. S5: Dynamically adjust the output power according to the module combination method. In combination mode, the maximum power is allocated to high-priority devices first, and the remaining power is allocated to low-priority devices. Priority adjustment is performed based on time sensitivity. Combined with the MPP protocol of Qi2.2 standard, the power allocation of each module is dynamically adjusted. S6: Foreign objects are detected by monitoring magnetic field strength. The monitored objects include changes in coil current. Based on the resonant frequency shift between the transmitter and receiver, it distinguishes between metallic foreign objects and human contact. The module temperature and voltage are monitored in real time. Overheat and overvoltage protection trigger mechanisms are set. When the temperature approaches the threshold, the output power is dynamically reduced to slow down the temperature rise. S7: The remaining power of the folding connector module is calculated by voltage sampling, and a battery health algorithm is introduced to evaluate battery life by the number of cycles and changes in internal resistance.

2. The detachable all-in-one wireless charger control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the CC pin of the USB-C interface detects the connection status, triggers a combined mode signal, triggers a disconnection protection mechanism, and suspends all charging operations, including: Initialize the voltage sampling circuit and filtering algorithm of the CC pin. Collect the voltage values ​​of CC1 and CC2 every 10ms, perform moving average filtering on the voltage values, calculate the current voltage, and if the voltage value is detected to be higher than 4.7V for 3 consecutive times, trigger the combined mode signal. If the voltage value drops sharply to 0V or below 0.5V, proceed to the next step of disconnect detection. After detecting that the CC pin voltage meets the combined mode conditions, USB PD protocol message exchange is initiated. The downlink port sends its supported power capabilities to the uplink port, and the uplink port requests matching power parameters according to its own needs. If the protocols of both parties match, the combined mode is activated. Continuously monitor the CC pin voltage, VBUS current, and mechanical switch status. If any of the following conditions are detected, activate the disconnect protection: CC pin voltage is below 0.5V, VBUS current drops sharply to 0A, or the mechanical switch detects a loose plug. The delay timer starts and waits for abnormal recovery. If the delay timer times out, the VBUS power is turned off and all charging operations are paused.

3. The control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, identity information is exchanged based on the inter-module communication protocol, data is exchanged via the I²C communication protocol bus, module identity is verified, and parameters are synchronized, including: After the combined mode signal described in S2 is triggered, the I²C bus is initialized, the communication rate is set, the I²C addresses of all modules are polled, an identity information reading command is sent, the identity information returned by the module is received, and the data integrity is verified. If all modules pass the verification, the next step of parameter synchronization is performed; otherwise, the combined mode is paused. After the identity information exchange is completed, the main control chip checks whether the module supports security authentication. If the module supports security authentication, it starts the ECDSA verification process, sends a random number to the module's security chip, receives the signature returned by the module, and verifies the legality of the signature. If authentication fails, the module power is limited to 5W. If successful, it is allowed to participate in dynamic power allocation.

4. The control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the target power is determined based on the device type and charging protocol. The charging protocol of the device is read through the protocol chip, and the target power is calculated, including: When a device is detected, the protocol chip starts reading the device's PID and matches the device type based on the PID. Device types include mobile phones, watches, and earphones. The protocol chip sends a list of protocols supported by the device to the main control chip. The main control chip selects the protocol with the highest compatibility and records the device type and protocol version. The main control chip receives device type and protocol information, queries the preset power range based on the device type and protocol version, and calculates the current available power in combination with the module combination status.

5. The control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the output power is dynamically adjusted according to the module combination method, priority adjustment is performed based on time sensitivity, and the power allocation of each module is dynamically adjusted in conjunction with the MPP protocol of the Qi2.2 standard, including: S51: Define device priorities. High-priority devices are mobile phones, medium-priority devices are watches, and low-priority devices are earphones. Priority weights are determined by weighting coefficients. express, These correspond to mobile phones, watches, and headphones, respectively. S52: Dynamically adjust priority weights based on device insertion time. , ,in This is a time decay factor, dynamically related to the device insertion time. ,in The decay rate coefficient is taken as 0.01 / s. For device insertion time, according to the adjusted weight Allocate power to prioritize the needs of high-priority devices; S53: Calculate the maximum power under the MPP protocol , ,in The efficiency coefficient is set to 0.

85. The input voltage is provided by the USB-C interface. The load impedance is detected by the device protocol chip, and the target power mentioned in S4 is... and Compare the values ​​and take the smaller value as the actual allocated power. If there is remaining power, it will be allocated according to the weight of the lowest priority device.

6. The control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The S6 method distinguishes between contact between metallic foreign objects and the human body based on the resonant frequency shift between the transmitter and receiver, monitors module temperature and voltage in real time, and sets overheat and overvoltage protection trigger mechanisms, including: S61: Based on a current sensor and frequency monitoring circuit, it monitors the current of the transmitting coil in real time. The resonant frequencies of the transmitter and receiver are monitored through a phase-locked loop module. Obtain the current reference value when there are no foreign objects. Frequency reference value when there are no foreign objects The current fluctuation value ΔI and the frequency fluctuation value Δf are calculated. ΔI is the absolute value of the difference between the current value of the transmitting coil and the current reference value when there is no foreign object. Δf is the absolute value of the difference between the frequency value of the transmitting coil and the frequency reference value when there is no foreign object. When ΔI is greater than the threshold, a foreign object warning is triggered. When Δf is greater than the threshold, it is determined to be a metallic foreign object. S62: Detects human proximity based on infrared proximity sensor When ΔI is greater than the threshold and When ΔI is greater than the threshold, it is determined to be a metallic foreign object. At that time, it was determined to be human contact; S63: Real-time sampling module temperature and input voltage Set temperature threshold and voltage threshold When the module's real-time temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, the output power is dynamically reduced. ,in To reduce the output power, The target power is as described in S4. For safe temperature, As a safety margin, the temperature threshold is the sum of the safe temperature and the safety margin. When the input voltage is greater than or equal to the voltage threshold, charging will stop immediately.

7. The control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the remaining power of the folding connector module is calculated through voltage sampling, and battery life is evaluated through cycle count and internal resistance change, including: S71: Reduces the battery voltage to a measurable range by resistor division, and samples the divided voltage using the STM32's built-in ADC module. ; S72: Substitute the sampled voltage into the voltage-remaining charge SOC mapping formula to calculate the initial SOC. ,in These are battery characteristic parameters, calibrated experimentally. S73: Combined with the real-time monitoring of module temperature described in S6 Correct SOC calculation ,in This is a temperature correction factor, with a value of 0.

001. The standard temperature is 25℃. This is the revised SOC; S74: Records the cumulative number of battery cycles. Real-time internal resistance measurement based on pulse charge-discharge method Calculate the current battery health status (SOH). , To calibrate the internal resistance, the real-time capacity is calculated by combining the number of cycles and the capacity decay formula. , ,in Nominal capacity The capacity decay rate constant is determined experimentally. S75: Remaining lifetime prediction based on capacity degradation ,in The remaining lifetime is based on capacity decay prediction versus remaining lifetime based on increased internal resistance. ,in The remaining lifetime is predicted based on the increase in internal resistance. The rate constant for the increase in internal resistance is determined experimentally and, based on the remaining lifetime assessment, is taken as... and The minimum value of the total remaining lifetime is used to trigger a low lifetime alarm if the total remaining lifetime is less than the threshold.

8. A detachable all-in-one wireless charger control system, characterized in that, To implement a control method for a detachable all-in-one wireless charger as described in any one of claims 1-7, the control system for the detachable all-in-one wireless charger includes a combination mode control module, a module authentication module, a device power management module, a foreign object detection and safety protection module, and a battery power and lifespan management module: Combination mode control module: Initializes the voltage sampling circuit, eliminates noise through moving average filtering, triggers combination mode when CC voltage > 4.7V is detected 3 times consecutively, starts disconnect protection when CC voltage < 0.5V and VBUS current drops to 0A, shuts down VBUS power if timeout occurs, sends power capability on downlink port, requests matching power parameters on uplink port, and negotiates power allocation through Sink Request message. Module authentication module: Initializes the I²C bus, polls the module address, sends an identity information read command, and verifies the integrity of the module identity information. If it fails, it pauses the combination mode and uses ECDSA verification. The main control chip generates a random number and sends it to the module security chip. After receiving the signature, it verifies the legality. If authentication fails, it limits the module power to 5W. If it succeeds, it allows participation in dynamic power allocation. Device power management module: The protocol chip reads the device PID, matches the device type through the PID database, calculates the target power according to the device protocol, adjusts the power limit in combination with the module combination status, sets priority weights, adjusts the weights through the time decay factor, calculates the maximum power based on the MPP protocol, and takes the smaller value between the target power and the maximum power as the actual allocated power. Foreign object detection and safety protection module: The current sensor monitors the current of the transmitting coil, the phase-locked loop module detects the resonant frequency, and the determination of metal foreign objects based on the current fluctuation value and frequency fluctuation value is based on the infrared proximity sensor to detect the human body approaching, which helps to distinguish the contact between metal foreign objects and human body, and the temperature sensor samples the module temperature in real time, dynamically adjusts the power, and immediately stops charging when the input voltage is greater than the threshold. Battery power and life management module: The resistor voltage divider circuit reduces the battery voltage to the ADC range, samples it through the STM32 ADC, calculates the SOC and combines it with temperature correction, measures the internal resistance using the pulse charge and discharge method, calculates the SOH, establishes a capacity decay model and an internal resistance increase model, and performs a comprehensive remaining life determination.

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