Method for interplanting wheat in mulberry field

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting wheat in a mulberry field, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method for interplanting the wheat in the mulberry field comprises the following steps: (1) managing the mulberry field before interplanting the wheat: interplanting leguminous plants and pretreating soil; (2) interplanting wheat: cleaning the field, cutting mulberry twigs, ploughing soil, applying a base fertilizer, sowing, and using a seed dressing agent before sowing; and (3) performing field management on wheat: performing pest control on the wheat by using a low-toxicity pesticide, and applying a water retention and heat preservation agent to the mulberry field. According to the method, by means of a series of technical means of planting leguminous plants in the mulberry field and pretreating soil before wheat interplanting, adopting a seed dressing agent for seed dressing during wheat interplanting, using a water-retaining and heat-preserving agent in the wheat planting process and the like, the yield of wheat is guaranteed and increased, and safe production of silkworms is not affected; the land utilization rate of the mulberry field is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, in particular to a method for interplanting wheat in a mulberry garden. Background Art

[0002] Silkworm breeding typically begins in March and ends around October, leaving mulberry orchards with a winter idle period of approximately five months. Due to the large mulberry planting area, land utilization is insufficient, and the added value of the land needs to be further improved. Wheat is an annual or biennial herb. Winter wheat is planted from early October to the end of March or April of the following year, with a growing period of approximately 130-170 days. It harvests once a year and has a high commercial value. Selecting wheat varieties with a shorter growing period for planting during the winter idle period in mulberry orchards is highly feasible to increase the added value of mulberry orchards.

[0003] When the applicant was studying intercropping wheat in mulberry gardens in the northwest of Guangxi, he found the following problems: First, due to climatic reasons, winter wheat in the northwest of Guangxi suffers from serious diseases and insect pests. Therefore, in all growth stages of wheat, it is basically necessary to use high-toxic pesticides for high-frequency and high-dose application to achieve better prevention and control effects. However, excessive use of drugs and high toxicity of drugs will lead to large drug residues, affecting mulberry silk production. The applicant also tried to use only low-toxic pesticides to prevent and control winter wheat diseases and insect pests, but the effect was not good, resulting in low wheat yields. Therefore, solving the contradiction between the poor effect of using low-toxic mulberry-specific pesticides for wheat disease and insect pest control and the inability to use highly toxic pesticides in mulberry silk production is one of the current problems that need to be solved urgently. Second, the northwest of Guangxi belongs to karst landforms, with high acidity, poor soil quality, and poor water retention. After irrigation, the soil easily loses water and dries up. In addition, most mulberry gardens are far away from water sources, which affects wheat yields. Therefore, alleviating the speed of soil drying after irrigation is also one of the current problems that need to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a method for intercropping wheat in mulberry fields. This method resolves the contradiction between the poor control effect of low-toxic pesticides on wheat and the inability to use highly toxic pesticides in silkworm production. Using only low-toxic pesticides, wheat pests and diseases can achieve good control effects, resulting in increased wheat yields rather than reduced yields. The specific technical solution is as follows: A method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field comprises the following steps: (1) Mulberry field management before wheat interplanting: including interplanting legumes and soil pretreatment; The legumes include: white clover planted between mulberry rows in late July and early August; The soil pretreatment comprises: harvesting and crushing the white clover from the end of September to the beginning of October to obtain crushed material; fermenting the crushed material with rapeseed cake, soybean meal, and cow dung to obtain fermented material; plowing the fermented material into the soil between the mulberry rows, irrigating, covering with film for 5-10 days, removing the film, and spreading microbial fertilizer in the mulberry garden to restore beneficial bacteria in the soil; (2) Interplanting wheat: Wheat is planted between the rows of mulberry trees starting in late October. Before planting, the garden is cleaned, mulberry branches are trimmed, the soil is plowed (plowing depth 15-20 cm), and sufficient base fertilizer is applied. Then, sowing is carried out. The sowing rate is 8-10 kg / mu. The spacing between wheat rows is 35-45 cm, and the distance between wheat and mulberry trees is 40-60 cm. Sow evenly according to the seed amount per row, and cover with a thin layer of soil after sowing. Before sowing, the wheat seeds are first mixed with a seed dressing agent. The seed dressing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of carbendazim, 5-11 parts of paclobutrazol, 1-3 parts of dextrin, 10-16 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12-18 parts of chelated micronutrient fertilizer, 8-15 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-12 parts of Burkholderia, 10-17 parts of starch, 5-12 parts of fructose, 4-10 parts of yeast extract, 1-3 parts of malic acid and 0.1-0.4 parts of ferric chloride; (3) Wheat field management: 30-40 days after wheat sowing, use phoxim to control pests, spray trace elements on the leaves to strengthen seedlings, and use carbendazim wettable powder to control diseases; Around the winter solstice, mulberry trees should be pruned to a height of 20-30 cm, leaving only branches of the current year. All pruned branches should be removed from the mulberry garden. Water-retaining and heat-insulating agents should be applied to the garden and irrigation should be carried out. (4) Harvest: After the wheat matures at the end of March, it will be harvested in due time according to weather conditions.

[0005] Furthermore, in step (1), the white clover is sown and planted at a sowing rate of 1-1.5 kg / mu.

[0006] Furthermore, in step (1), the fermentation material is prepared by mixing 20-30 parts of the crushed material with 15-24 parts of rapeseed cake, 7-17 parts of soybean meal powder, and 10-18 parts of cow dung, adjusting the moisture content to 60-70%, and sealing and fermenting at 25-35°C for 10-15 days to obtain the fermentation material.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (1), the application amount of the fermentation material is 100-150 kg / mu, and the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 20-30 kg / mu.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (2), the seed dressing step is: S1. Weigh the raw materials of the seed dressing agent in parts by weight; S2. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia, starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid, and ferric chloride are mixed to obtain a first mixture. 4-6 times by weight of water are added to the first mixture to obtain a first slurry. Wheat seeds are mixed with the first slurry to form a uniform layer of the first slurry on the surface of the wheat seeds. S3, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated micronutrient fertilizer to obtain a second mixture, and mixing the seeds from step S2 with the second mixture to evenly stir so that the surface of the wheat seeds is evenly coated with a layer of the second mixture; S4. Add water to carbendazim, paclobutrazol and dextrin to prepare a second slurry, mix the seeds from step S3 with the second slurry and stir evenly, place at room temperature in the dark for 2-4 hours, and then use it for sowing.

[0009] Furthermore, in step (2), when dressing the seeds, the weight of the seed dressing agent accounts for 3-6% of the weight of the wheat seeds.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (3), the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of biochar, 25-35 parts of peat soil, 15-20 parts of mulberry straw powder, 10-14 parts of chitosan and 12-17 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (3), the application amount of the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent is 50-100 kg / mu.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a series of technical means, such as planting leguminous green manure plants in the mulberry garden and pre-treating the soil before interplanting wheat, using a seed dressing agent for seed dressing when interplanting wheat, and using a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent during the wheat planting process, thereby not only ensuring and increasing wheat production, but also not affecting the safe production of mulberry silkworms, and effectively improving the land utilization rate of the mulberry garden.

[0013] 2. The present invention plants leguminous green manure plants in the mulberry garden before interplanting wheat, which can improve the soil, increase soil organic matter, reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, improve the microecological environment of the mulberry garden, and improve the soil fertility of the mulberry garden.

[0014] 3. During soil pretreatment in the present invention, leguminous green manure plants are adopted to be sealed and fermented together with rapeseed cake, soybean meal, and cow dung for 10-15 days. Now, the fermentation material temperature is higher, and the anti-disease and insecticide component volatilization release amount in the rapeseed cake is high. The fermentation material is turned over and mulched into the soil and covered with film for 5-10 days. Most of the ova and pathogens in the soil can be suppressed and killed. After suppressing and killing, microbial fertilizer is spread in the mulberry garden. The beneficial bacteria quantity of the soil can be restored, and the soil is made healthier. This makes the harm of pests and diseases lighter when planting wheat in the later stage. Only low-toxic pesticides can be used to achieve good prevention and control effects. Meanwhile, fermentation material and microbial fertilizer can also fertilize the soil, solve the problem that the mulberry garden in the karst area is less turned over and fertilized, and the soil fertility is insufficient.

[0015] 4. When the seed dressing agent of the present invention is used for seed dressing, the inner layer of the dressing is a mixture of fluorescing Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid and ferric chloride. The inner layer of the dressing can prevent the inhibition of wheat root and bud growth by acidic soil, especially after Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia are colonized in the wheat rhizosphere, effectively preventing the poisoning of soil acid aluminum on wheat root and bud growth, making the wheat germination rate high, the plants strong and more disease-resistant. Starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid and ferric chloride can provide sufficient carbon source, nitrogen source and promoter for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia, so that these two microorganisms can better colonize in the wheat rhizosphere, form advantages and play a role. The middle layer of the dressing is potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated micro-fertilizer, which can provide nutrients for wheat seeds and promote root growth. The outer layer of the dressing can be used with seed dressing agents with low toxicity to silkworms such as carbendazim and paclobutrazol to prevent damage to seeds by pests and diseases. Furthermore, the middle layer of the seed dressing can separate the outer layer of the seed dressing from the microorganisms in the inner layer, preventing the outer layer of the seed dressing from inhibiting the growth of the inner layer of microorganisms. Therefore, the seed dressing of the present invention not only prevents pests and diseases, but also promotes the growth of wheat and improves its disease resistance, so that only low-toxic pesticides can be used during the wheat growth process to achieve a good control effect.

[0016] 5. The biochar in the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent of the present invention absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat, which is used to raise ground temperature. Peat soil has a large porous structure, which slows heat loss. Mulberry straw powder used as a mulch further slows heat loss. Chitosan absorbs water, allowing the soil to retain a large amount of water after irrigation and resist drying out. This solves the problem of poor water retention in karst soil in northwest Guangxi, which leads to low wheat yields. Bacillus thuringiensis can kill underground pests. Therefore, the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent of the present invention not only retains water and heat, but also prevents insects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0018] Example 1 A method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field comprises the following steps: (1) Mulberry field management before wheat interplanting: including interplanting leguminous green manure plants and soil pretreatment; The interplanting of leguminous green manure plants includes: planting white clover between mulberry rows at the end of July and the beginning of August, with a sowing amount of 1 kg per mu.

[0019] The soil pretreatment comprises the following steps: harvesting and crushing the white clover at the end of September to obtain crushed material; uniformly mixing 20 parts of the crushed material with 15 parts of rapeseed cake, 7 parts of soybean meal powder and 10 parts of cow dung, adjusting the moisture content to 60%, and sealing and fermenting the mixture at 25°C for 15 days to obtain fermented material; plowing the fermented material into the soil between the rows of mulberry trees at an application rate of 100 kg / mu, irrigating the soil, covering the soil with a film for 5 days, removing the film, and spreading microbial fertilizer in the mulberry garden at an application rate of 20 kg / mu to restore beneficial bacteria in the soil.

[0020] (2) Interplanting wheat: Wheat was planted between the rows of mulberry trees starting in late October. Before planting, weeds and dead branches between the rows of mulberry trees were removed, and the side branches of the mulberry trees between the rows were cut off. Then the soil was plowed to a depth of 15 cm and sufficient base fertilizer was applied. The base fertilizer included 1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15-15-15). Then, sowing was carried out at a sowing rate of 8 kg / mu. The spacing between the wheat rows was 45 cm, and the distance between the wheat and the mulberry trees was 50 cm. Two rows of wheat were planted between the two rows of mulberry trees. The seeds were sown evenly according to the seed amount per row. After sowing, a thin layer of soil was covered. Before sowing, the wheat seeds were mixed with a seed dressing agent. During the mixing process, the weight of the seed dressing agent accounted for 3% of the weight of the wheat seeds.

[0021] The seed dressing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of carbendazim, paclobutrazol, dextrin, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12 parts of chelated micronutrient fertilizer, 8 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of Burkholderia, 10 parts of starch, 5 parts of fructose, 4 parts of yeast extract, 1 part of malic acid and 0.1 part of ferric chloride; The steps of seed dressing are: S1. Weigh the raw materials of the seed dressing agent in parts by weight; S2. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia, starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid, and ferric chloride are mixed to obtain a first mixture. 4 times the weight of water is added to the first mixture to obtain a first slurry. Wheat seeds are mixed with the first slurry to form a uniform layer of the first slurry on the surface of the wheat seeds. S3, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated micronutrient fertilizer to obtain a second mixture, and mixing the seeds from step S2 with the second mixture to evenly stir so that the surface of the wheat seeds is evenly coated with a layer of the second mixture; S4. Add water to carbendazim, paclobutrazol and dextrin to prepare a second slurry, mix the seeds from step S3 with the second slurry and stir evenly, place at room temperature in the dark for 2 hours, and then use it for sowing.

[0022] (3) Wheat field management: 30 days after wheat sowing, use phoxim to control pests, spray trace elements on the leaves to strengthen seedlings, and use carbendazim wettable powder to control diseases; The mulberry trees are pruned 50 days after sowing, with the pruned height leaving 20 cm for the current year branches. All pruned branches are removed from the mulberry garden. A water-retaining and heat-insulating agent is then applied to the mulberry garden at a rate of 50 kg / mu, and irrigation is performed. The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of biochar, 25 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of mulberry straw powder, 10 parts of chitosan, and 12 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0023] (4) Harvest: After the wheat matures at the end of March, it will be harvested in due time according to weather conditions.

[0024] Example 2 A method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field comprises the following steps: (1) Mulberry field management before wheat interplanting: including interplanting leguminous green manure plants and soil pretreatment; The interplanting of leguminous green manure plants includes: planting white clover between mulberry rows at the end of July and the beginning of August, with a sowing rate of 1.5 kg per mu.

[0025] The soil pretreatment is as follows: in early October, the white clover is harvested and crushed to obtain crushed material; 30 parts of the crushed material is mixed with 24 parts of rapeseed cake, 17 parts of soybean meal powder, and 18 parts of cow dung, and the moisture content is adjusted to 70%, and the mixture is sealed and fermented at 35°C for 10 days to obtain fermented material; the fermented material is plowed into the soil between the mulberry rows at an application rate of 150 kg / mu, water is irrigated, and after covering with a film for 10 days, the film is removed, and microbial fertilizer is spread in the mulberry garden at an application rate of 30 kg / mu to restore beneficial bacteria in the soil.

[0026] (2) Interplanting wheat: Wheat was planted between the rows of mulberry trees starting in late October. Before planting, weeds and dead branches between the rows of mulberry trees were removed, and the side branches of the mulberry trees between the rows were cut off. Then the soil was plowed to a depth of 20 cm and sufficient base fertilizer was applied. The base fertilizer included 1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Then, sowing was carried out at a sowing rate of 10 kg / mu. The spacing between the wheat rows was 35 cm, and the distance between the wheat and the mulberry trees was 40 cm. Two rows of wheat were planted between the two rows of mulberry trees. The seeds were sown evenly according to the seed amount per row. After sowing, a thin layer of soil was covered. Before sowing, the wheat seeds were mixed with a seed dressing agent. During the mixing process, the weight of the seed dressing agent accounted for 6% of the weight of the wheat seeds.

[0027] The seed dressing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: carbendazim, paclobutrazol, 3 parts of dextrin, 16 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 18 parts of chelated micronutrient fertilizer, 15 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 12 parts of Burkholderia, 17 parts of starch, 12 parts of fructose, 10 parts of yeast extract, 3 parts of malic acid and 0.4 parts of ferric chloride; The steps of seed dressing are: S1. Weigh the raw materials of the seed dressing agent in parts by weight; S2. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia, starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid, and ferric chloride are mixed to obtain a first mixture. 6 times the weight of water is added to the first mixture to obtain a first slurry. Wheat seeds are mixed with the first slurry to form a uniform layer of the first slurry on the surface of the wheat seeds. S3, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated micronutrient fertilizer to obtain a second mixture, and mixing the seeds from step S2 with the second mixture to evenly stir so that the surface of the wheat seeds is evenly coated with a layer of the second mixture; S4. Add water to carbendazim, paclobutrazol and dextrin to prepare a second slurry, mix the seeds from step S3 with the second slurry and stir evenly, place at room temperature in the dark for 4 hours, and then use it for sowing.

[0028] (3) Wheat field management: 40 days after wheat sowing, use phoxim to control pests, spray trace elements on the leaves to strengthen seedlings, and use carbendazim wettable powder to control diseases; Mulberry trees are pruned around the winter solstice, with the pruning height leaving only 30 cm of current year branches. All pruned branches are removed from the mulberry garden. A water-retaining and heat-insulating agent is then applied to the garden at a rate of 100 kg per mu, and irrigation is performed. The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of biochar, 35 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of mulberry straw powder, 14 parts of chitosan, and 17 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0029] (4) Harvest: After the wheat matures at the end of March, it will be harvested in due time according to weather conditions.

[0030] Example 3 A method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field comprises the following steps: (1) Mulberry field management before wheat interplanting: including interplanting leguminous green manure plants and soil pretreatment; The interplanting of leguminous green manure plants includes: planting white clover between mulberry rows at the end of July and the beginning of August, with a sowing amount of 1 kg per mu.

[0031] The soil pretreatment is as follows: in early October, the white clover is harvested and crushed to obtain crushed material; 25 parts of the crushed material are mixed with 22 parts of rapeseed cake, 12 parts of soybean meal powder, and 15 parts of cow dung, and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%, and the mixture is sealed and fermented at 30°C for 12 days to obtain fermented material; the fermented material is plowed into the soil between the mulberry rows at an application rate of 120 kg / mu, water is irrigated, and after covering with a film for 7 days, the film is removed, and microbial fertilizer is spread in the mulberry garden at an application rate of 25 kg / mu to restore beneficial bacteria in the soil.

[0032] (2) Interplanting wheat: Wheat was planted between the rows of mulberry trees starting in late October. Before planting, weeds and dead branches between the rows of mulberry trees were removed, and the side branches of the mulberry trees between the rows were cut off. Then the soil was plowed to a depth of 20 cm and sufficient base fertilizer was applied. The base fertilizer included 1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Then, sowing was carried out at a sowing rate of 9 kg / mu. The spacing between the wheat rows was 40 cm, and the distance between the wheat and the mulberry trees was 45 cm. Two rows of wheat were planted between the two rows of mulberry trees. The seeds were sown evenly according to the seed amount per row. After sowing, a thin layer of soil was covered. Before sowing, the wheat seeds were mixed with a seed dressing agent. During the mixing process, the weight of the seed dressing agent accounted for 4% of the weight of the wheat seeds.

[0033] The seed dressing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: carbendazim, paclobutrazol, 2 parts of dextrin, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of chelated micronutrient fertilizer, 11 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 8 parts of Burkholderia, 12 parts of starch, 9 parts of fructose, 7 parts of yeast extract, 12 parts of malic acid and 0.3 parts of ferric chloride; The steps of seed dressing are: S1. Weigh the raw materials of the seed dressing agent in parts by weight; S2. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia, starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid, and ferric chloride are mixed to obtain a first mixture. 5 times the weight of water is added to the first mixture to obtain a first slurry. Wheat seeds are mixed with the first slurry to form a uniform layer of the first slurry on the surface of the wheat seeds. S3, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated micronutrient fertilizer to obtain a second mixture, and mixing the seeds from step S2 with the second mixture to evenly stir so that the surface of the wheat seeds is evenly coated with a layer of the second mixture; S4. Add water to carbendazim, paclobutrazol and dextrin to prepare a second slurry, mix the seeds from step S3 with the second slurry and stir evenly, place at room temperature in the dark for 3 hours, and then use it for sowing.

[0034] (3) Wheat field management: 35 days after wheat sowing, use phoxim to control pests, spray trace elements on the leaves to strengthen seedlings, and use carbendazim wettable powder to control diseases; Mulberry trees are pruned around the winter solstice, with the pruning height leaving only branches of the current year at 25 cm. All pruned branches are removed from the mulberry garden, and then a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent is applied to the mulberry garden at a rate of 90 kg per mu, and irrigation is performed. The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of biochar, 30 parts of peat soil, 18 parts of mulberry straw powder, 12 parts of chitosan, and 15 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0035] (4) Harvest: After the wheat matures at the end of March, it will be harvested in due time according to weather conditions.

[0036] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example is a conventional intercropping method, and the specific steps are: 1. Preparation before planting: 1.1 Select mulberry rows with a spacing of 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters as interplanting rows.

[0037] 1.2 Install the sprinkler system to ensure even irrigation. Install a 110-inch main water pipe perpendicular to the mulberry tree row. Connect a 32-inch micro-sprinkler strip to the main pipe. Place the strip parallel to the mulberry tree row and in the middle of the wide row. The strip should be 20-25 meters long. Connect one micro-sprinkler strip to each row. Multiple strips can be connected to the main pipe.

[0038] 2. Soil treatment: 2.1 Remove weeds and dead branches, and cut off side branches between rows.

[0039] 2.2 Use a small rotary tiller to till the soil to a depth of 20 cm. If the soil is too hard, water it for 50 minutes before tilling.

[0040] 3. Fertilization: Apply sufficient base fertilizer, including 1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium).

[0041] 4. Sowing: Begin sowing in late October at a wheat sowing rate of 10 kg / mu. Disinfect the seeds with a commercially available seed dressing agent before sowing. Hoe the rows, spacing wheat rows 35 cm apart. Plant wheat 40 cm from the mulberry trees, evenly sowing seeds according to the designated seed rate per row. Cover with a thin layer of soil after sowing. Sow two rows of wheat between the mulberry rows.

[0042] 5. Field management: 5.1 Watering: Water thoroughly after sowing. If the soil is dry, water every day to keep it moist until the seedlings emerge. Water thoroughly before the winter solstice to start the winter.

[0043] 5.2 Top dressing: Before the jointing stage, top dressing should be done in time, with the dosage of 10 kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 5 kg / mu of urea.

[0044] 5.3 Pest and disease control: About one month after sowing, use low-toxic pesticides to reduce mulberry residues. For example, use phoxim to control flea beetles and aphids. At the same time, spray trace elements on the leaves to strengthen the seedlings. Use carbendazim wettable powder to control diseases.

[0045] 6. Mulberry tree pruning: Prune the mulberry trees at the end of December, leaving only the current year's branches at a height of about 20 cm. All pruned branches should be removed from the mulberry orchard.

[0046] 7. Harvest: When the wheat matures at the end of March, harvest it in time according to weather conditions.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: In this comparative example, step (1) does not interplant leguminous green manure plants, and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0048] Comparative Example 3: In this comparative example, soil pretreatment was not performed in step (1), and the other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 4: In step (2) of this comparative example, a commercially available seed dressing agent (containing only carbendazim, paclobutrazol and a colorant) was used instead of the seed dressing agent of the present application to treat wheat seeds. The other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 5: The seed dressing in step (2) of this comparative example does not contain starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid and ferric chloride, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 6: In this comparative example, no water-retaining and heat-insulating agent is applied in step (3), and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0052] In order to illustrate the effect of the present invention, the applicant conducted a wheat intercropping experiment in mulberry fields in Yizhou District, Hechi City. The wheat variety planted was Linmai No. 6. The experiment was set up with 9 treatments. Treatments 1-3 were the planting methods of Examples 1-3, and Treatments 4-9 were the planting methods of Comparative Examples 1-6. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with a total of 27 plots, randomly arranged in blocks, and the plot area was 60m 2 .

[0053] The germination rate of each treatment was investigated: germination rate = (number of germinations - number of sowings) × 100%. Twenty days after germination, the wheat plant height (the distance from the stem base to the growing point) and the growth of the wheat plants were investigated. Yield was measured after harvest. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Planting results of each treatment From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that, compared with the traditional intercropping method, the intercropping method of the present invention can increase the wheat yield by about 20%-26%.

[0054] From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, it can be seen that the mulberry garden management of interplanting leguminous green manure plants and pre-treating the soil before interplanting wheat in the present invention can improve the wheat emergence rate and plant height, thereby having a certain impact on the increase in yield.

[0055] From the comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5, it can be seen that the seed dressing agent of the present invention can increase the emergence rate and make the seedlings grow strong.

[0056] From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 6, it can be seen that applying a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent to the mulberry field 55 days after sowing can meet the temperature and moisture requirements of wheat, thereby increasing yield.

[0057] Five days after phoxim control, the occurrence of aphids in each treatment was investigated. That is, samples were taken at five points in each plot, and five aphid-bearing ears were fixed at each point. The number of aphids on the ears was investigated; control effect (%) = [(number of insects in the blank control area - number of insects in the treatment area) - number of insects in the blank control area] × 100.

[0058] Ten days after applying carbendazim wettable powder to control the disease, the disease severity of wheat powdery mildew in each treatment was measured, and the disease index and control efficacy were calculated. Three sites were surveyed per plot, with 20 plants surveyed at each site, for a total of 60 plants. Each plant's flag leaf, the first and second leaves below the flag leaf, for a total of 180 leaves were surveyed. Each leaf was graded according to the percentage of lesions on the leaf area, and control efficacy was calculated based on the disease index. The wheat powdery mildew grading scale is: Grade 0: No disease; Grade 1: Lesions occupy less than 5% of the total leaf area; Grade 3: Lesions occupy 6%-15% of the total leaf area; Grade 5: Lesions occupy 16%-25% of the total leaf area; Grade 7: Lesions occupy 26%-50% of the total leaf area; Grade 9: Lesions occupy more than 50% of the total leaf area. Control efficacy (%) = [(Disease index of the blank control plot - Disease index of the treated plot) - Disease index of the blank control plot] × 100. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Pest and disease control effects of each treatment Table 2 shows that although the present invention only uses low-toxic pesticides such as phoxim and carbendazim wettable powder for disease and insect pest control during the wheat planting process, the control effect is good. This shows that the present invention adopts the methods of planting legumes in the mulberry garden and pre-treating the soil before interplanting wheat, and using seed dressing agents for seed dressing when interplanting wheat, etc., which can reduce the harm of wheat diseases and insect pests, and only needs to use low-toxic pesticides to achieve good control effects.

[0059] In summary, the present invention achieves the goal of maintaining and increasing wheat production without affecting the safe production of mulberry silkworms, and effectively improving the land utilization rate of the mulberry garden by a series of technical means, such as planting legumes in the mulberry garden and pre-treating the soil before interplanting wheat, using a seed dressing agent for seed dressing when interplanting wheat, and using a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent during the wheat planting process.

[0060] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Mulberry field management before wheat interplanting: including interplanting legumes and soil pretreatment; The interplanting of leguminous plants includes: planting white clover between mulberry rows at the end of July and the beginning of August; The soil pretreatment comprises: harvesting and crushing the white clover from the end of September to the beginning of October to obtain crushed material; fermenting the crushed material with rapeseed cake, soybean meal and cow dung to obtain fermented material; plowing the fermented material into the soil between the mulberry rows, irrigating the soil, covering the soil with film for 5-10 days, removing the film and spreading microbial fertilizer in the mulberry garden; (2) Interplanting wheat: Wheat is planted between the rows of mulberry trees starting in late October. Before planting, the garden is cleaned, mulberry branches are trimmed, the soil is tilled, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied. Then, sowing is carried out. The sowing rate is 8-10 kg / mu. The spacing between wheat rows is 35-45 cm, and the distance between wheat and mulberry trees is 40-60 cm. Sow evenly according to the seed amount per row, and cover with a thin layer of soil after sowing. Before sowing, the wheat seeds are first mixed with a seed dressing agent. The seed dressing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of carbendazim, 5-11 parts of paclobutrazol, 1-3 parts of dextrin, 10-16 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12-18 parts of chelated micronutrient fertilizer, 8-15 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-12 parts of Burkholderia, 10-17 parts of starch, 5-12 parts of fructose, 4-10 parts of yeast extract, 1-3 parts of malic acid and 0.1-0.4 parts of ferric chloride; (3) Wheat field management: 30-40 days after wheat sowing, use phoxim to control pests, spray trace elements on the leaves to strengthen seedlings, and use carbendazim wettable powder to control diseases; At the end of December, mulberry trees should be pruned to a height of 20-30cm, leaving only branches of the current year. All pruned branches should be removed from the mulberry garden. Then, water-retaining and heat-insulating agents should be applied to the garden and irrigation should be carried out. (4) Harvest: After the wheat matures at the end of March, it will be harvested in due time according to weather conditions.

2. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the white clover is sown and planted at a sowing rate of 1-1.5 kg / mu.

3. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the preparation method of the fermentation material is as follows: after uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of the crushed material with 15-24 parts of rapeseed cake, 7-17 parts of soybean meal powder, and 10-18 parts of cow dung, adjusting the moisture content to 60-70%, and sealing and fermenting at 25-35°C for 10-15 days, the fermentation material is obtained.

4. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the application amount of the fermentation material is 100-150 kg / mu, and the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 20-30 kg / mu.

5. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the seed dressing step is: S1. Weigh the raw materials of the seed dressing agent in parts by weight; S2. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia, starch, fructose, yeast extract, malic acid, and ferric chloride are mixed to obtain a first mixture. 4-6 times by weight of water are added to the first mixture to obtain a first slurry. Wheat seeds are mixed with the first slurry to form a uniform layer of the first slurry on the surface of the wheat seeds. S3, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chelated micronutrient fertilizer to obtain a second mixture, and mixing the seeds from step S2 with the second mixture to evenly stir so that the surface of the wheat seeds is evenly coated with a layer of the second mixture; S4. Add water to carbendazim, paclobutrazol and dextrin to prepare a second slurry, mix the seeds from step S3 with the second slurry and stir evenly, place at room temperature in the dark for 2-4 hours, and then use it for sowing.

6. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), when dressing the seeds, the weight of the seed dressing agent accounts for 3-6% of the weight of the wheat seeds.

7. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of biochar, 25-35 parts of peat soil, 15-20 parts of mulberry straw powder, 10-14 parts of chitosan and 12-17 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

8. The method for intercropping wheat in a mulberry field according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the application amount of the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent is 50-100 kg / mu.

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