Intelligent management cultivation method for cultivating clitocybe maxima by using gordon euryale seed shells

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent management cultivation method for cultivating clitocybe maxima by using gordon euryale seed shells. The intelligent management cultivation method comprises the following steps: step 1, stirring raw materials according to a set formula and dosage; the formula comprises 10-40% of gordon euryale seed shells, 10-30% of camellia oleifera shells, 10-30% of camellia oleifera branch scraps or cottonseed hulls, 20% of bran, 2% of lime and 1% of gypsum. Step 2, bagging the uniformly stirred raw materials, wherein a bevel bag with the diameter of 230-250 mm and the length of 350-380 mm is adopted as a cultivation bag; 3, vertically placing the fungus bags subjected to spawn running and after-ripening on a cultivation frame; step 4, performing intelligent management on temperature, humidity, illumination intensity and oxygen content in the cultivation shed, and performing intelligent environmental condition stability management on mushroom induction and fruiting through an intelligent control system; and step 5, harvesting. The euryale ferox shells and the camellia oleifera shells are adopted as raw materials for panus giganteus cultivation, the cost is reduced, in addition, stable management of environmental conditions is achieved by intelligently managing and controlling the environmental conditions, and the production quality and conversion efficiency of panus giganteus are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of culantro mushroom cultivation, and more particularly to an intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating culantro mushroom using gorgon fruit shells. Background Art

[0002] The current cultivation of chuatsi mushrooms faces several major challenges: First, raw material sourcing. Chuatsi mushrooms are wood-rotting fungi, and traditionally, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corncobs were used as primary raw materials. This high cost, coupled with increasingly stringent forest protection measures in the context of rural revitalization, has limited sawdust resources, hindering large-scale cultivation and significantly limiting its application. Second, the size of the cultivation bags. Currently, chuatsi mushrooms are mostly cultivated using 170-190mm gusseted bags, which hold relatively little material. As a result, the second crop and later fruiting bodies of chuatsi mushrooms are weak due to insufficient nutrition, significantly reducing their commercial and nutritional value. Third, chuatsi mushrooms are often grown on the ground or in specialized mushroom houses. The former results in low space utilization, while the latter is costly, inconvenient to recycle, and lacks flexibility and full utilization. Fourth, chuatsi mushroom cultivation and fruiting management are often manually controlled, resulting in low precision and a lack of intelligent control, which also impacts production quality and conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating chuatsi using gorgon fruit shells, which uses gorgon fruit shells and oil-tea camellia shells as raw materials for cultivating chuatsi, thereby reducing costs and improving the production quality and conversion efficiency of chuatsi. In addition, by intelligently controlling environmental conditions, stable management of environmental conditions is achieved, thereby improving the production quality and conversion efficiency of chuatsi.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating chuatsi mushroom using gorgon fruit shells, comprising the following steps: step 1, pre-treating each raw material, and then stirring the raw materials according to a set formula and dosage; the formula comprises: 10-40% gorgon fruit shells, 10-30% oil tea fruit shells, 10%-30% oil tea branch chips or cottonseed hulls, 20% bran, 2% lime, and 1% gypsum; water is added during the stirring process to make the moisture content of the raw materials 60%-65%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7; Step 2: bagging the mixed raw materials, using a cultivation bag with a diameter of 230-250 mm and a length of 350-380 mm, sterilizing, inoculating, and spawning to make a mushroom bag; Step 3: Place the matured bags upright on the cultivation rack, and then cover with soil after the mycelium has grown all over the bags for 7-15 days. The cultivation rack is surrounded by a cultivation shed to form an independent cultivation space. Step 4: Intelligently manage the temperature, humidity, light intensity, and oxygen content in the cultivation shed to meet the set requirements for each stage, and use the intelligent control system to manage the stability of the intelligent environmental conditions for mushroom induction and fruiting; Step 5: Harvesting.

[0005] Preferably, in step 1, the raw material pretreatment includes: soaking the gorgon fruit shells for not less than 24 hours, and crushing the oil tea fruit shells to an average particle size of 15 mm, with particles smaller than 2.5 mm accounting for no more than 10%.

[0006] Preferably, in the step 3, a plurality of cultivation racks are provided in the cultivation shed, each cultivation rack is assembled from a plurality of cultivation units, the cultivation units are prefabricated in a modular factory, and the cultivation rack can be set to be composed of a single-layer or multi-layer cultivation unit according to the size of the cultivation site. The cultivation unit is a frame structure and includes a top plate of the top layer, a middle partition in the middle of at least one layer, and a plurality of support legs connecting the top plate and the middle partition as a whole. The top plate and the middle partition are arranged in parallel, and the spacing between the middle partition and the top plate, the adjacent middle partition, and the bottom of the middle partition and the support leg is 50 -60cm, multiple supporting legs are evenly spaced and vertically symmetrically arranged along the outer periphery of the top plate, and a fixed base is also correspondingly arranged at the bottom of each cultivation rack, which includes multiple fixed legs and a fixed plate. The fixed plate is parallel to the top plate of the cultivation unit and has the same size and is correspondingly arranged up and down. The multiple fixed legs and the multiple supporting legs are also correspondingly arranged up and down. The cultivation rack is fixed to the ground through the fixed base at the bottom, and then at least one cultivation unit is assembled on the fixed base to complete the assembly of the cultivation rack; multiple cultivation racks are arranged in a horizontal and vertical layout according to the size of the cultivation shed.

[0007] Preferably, the fixed plate of the fixed base and the top plate of the cultivation unit are provided with multiple slide rails, which are arranged along the width direction of the fixed plate and the top plate, and the multiple slide rails are evenly spaced along the length direction of the fixed plate and the top plate. The bottom of the support legs of the cultivation unit are provided with rollers, and a pair of support legs along the width direction of the top plate are correspondingly slidably set on a slide rail, and multiple pairs of support legs along the length direction of the top plate are just correspondingly slidably set on multiple slide rails; a baffle is correspondingly provided in the height direction of any support leg or fixed leg, and its two ends extend to the fixed leg and the corresponding support leg to connect the fixed seat and the cultivation unit into one by bolts, and the baffles on the support legs of the upper and lower cultivation units extend to the upper and lower support legs respectively to connect the upper and lower cultivation units into one by bolts.

[0008] Preferably, the top plate and the bottom surface of the middle partition facing the mushroom bag are both provided with nozzles and LED light strips along the length direction, and the nozzles are provided with multiple spray heads, which are used to control the humidity in the cultivation shed, and the LED light strips are used to control the light in the cultivation shed; the cultivation shed is arranged to be double-layered, with a hollow space formed between the two layers, and the distance between the inner cultivation shed and the top of the uppermost cultivation unit is 20-30 cm, and the outer cultivation shed is provided with a blowing device, which selectively introduces hot air or cold air into the hollow space to regulate the temperature in the cultivation shed; the side of the cultivation shed is also provided with multiple ventilation holes, which have opening and closing doors for ventilating the cultivation shed, and the ventilation holes of the inner and outer cultivation sheds are partially staggered to adjust the ventilation volume; the opening and opening size of the spray head are controlled by an intelligent control system, and the opening and opening size of the LED light strip are controlled at the same time, and the opening of the blowing device and the introduction of hot air or cold air are controlled at the same time.

[0009] Preferably, a sunshade net is provided on the top of the cultivation shed. The specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control the temperature is as follows: a plurality of temperature sensors are provided at different heights and in different horizontal and vertical positions in the cultivation shed, and the temperature values ​​monitored by the plurality of temperature sensors are transmitted to the temperature control module of the intelligent control system; When there is no ventilation, the temperature control module obtains the average value of multiple monitored temperature values ​​and compares it with the set temperature adjustment range. If it exceeds the set temperature adjustment range, the blowing device is controlled to slowly introduce hot air or cold air into the hollow space of the cultivation shed so that the average value of the monitored temperature values ​​is within the set temperature adjustment range; the temperature adjustment range is a subset of the temperature range; When ventilating, the temperature compensation is calculated in advance according to the external temperature. At the same time, hot air or cold air is slowly introduced into the hollow space of the cultivation shed for a set time to perform temperature compensation so that the average value of the monitored temperature value is within the set temperature adjustment range.

[0010] Preferably, the specific process of the intelligent control system for stably controlling humidity is as follows: multiple humidity sensors are arranged at different heights and in different horizontal and vertical positions in the cultivation shed, and the humidity values ​​monitored by the multiple humidity sensors are transmitted to the humidity control module of the intelligent control system; When there is no ventilation, the spray nozzle of the nozzle conducts a steady spray in the cultivation shed so that the humidity in the cultivation shed is within the set humidity range. After obtaining the average value of the monitored humidity value through the humidity control module, it is compared with the set humidity adjustment range. If it exceeds the set humidity adjustment range, the opening size of the spray nozzle is controlled to increase or decrease the spray in the cultivation shed to control the humidity so that the average value of the monitored humidity value is within the set humidity adjustment range. The humidity adjustment range is a subset of the humidity range. When ventilating, calculate humidity compensation in advance according to the external humidity, control the opening size of the spray head to increase or decrease the spray in the cultivation shed, and control the humidity so that the average value of the monitored humidity value is within the set humidity adjustment range.

[0011] Preferably, a sunshade net is provided on the top of the cultivation shed, and the specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control the light intensity is as follows: a plurality of light sensors are provided at different positions in each cultivation unit, and the light values ​​monitored by the plurality of light sensors in each cultivation unit are transmitted to the light control module of the intelligent control system; By combining the natural light on the top with the cultivation units at the bottom that do not receive natural light, the LED lights at the corresponding positions are controlled to be turned on and the degree of on-state, so that the light intensity corresponding to each cultivation unit is within the set light range; after obtaining the average light value corresponding to each monitored cultivation unit through the light control module, it is compared with the set light range. If it exceeds the set light range, the LED lights are controlled to be turned on and the degree of on-state, so that the average light value of the monitored light is within the set light range.

[0012] Preferably, when ventilating, the temperature compensation is specifically as follows: if the external temperature is greater than the maximum value of the temperature range and is greater than or equal to 5°C, then during the ventilation process, cold air is continuously introduced; if the external temperature is greater than the maximum value of the temperature range and is greater than or equal to 5°C, then the time for continuously introducing cold air is two-thirds of the ventilation time; if the external temperature is less than the minimum value of the temperature range and is less than or equal to 3°C, then during the ventilation process, hot air is continuously introduced; if the external temperature is less than the minimum value of the temperature adjustment range and is less than or equal to 3°C less than the minimum value of the temperature range, then during the ventilation process, the time for continuously introducing hot air is two-thirds of the ventilation time; if the external temperature is not within the above-mentioned set range, then during the ventilation process, the temperature in the cultivation shed is monitored, and the temperature is adjusted in real time according to the monitored temperature value.

[0013] Preferably, the humidity compensation is specifically as follows: if the external humidity is less than 50%, then during the entire ventilation process, the spray head is controlled to open to twice its original size, and the humidity is continuously increased to maintain the humidity in the cultivation shed within the set humidity range; if the external humidity is between 50%-65%, then during the entire ventilation process, the spray head is controlled to open to 1 times its original size, and the humidity is continuously increased to maintain the humidity in the cultivation shed within the set humidity range; when within the remaining humidity range, during the ventilation process, the humidity in the cultivation shed is monitored, and the humidity adjustment is performed in real time according to the monitored humidity value.

[0014] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts the abundant and low-cost Euryale ferox shell and Camellia oleifera shell as raw materials for the cultivation of Ceratitis oleifera, which greatly reduces the cost and avoids the problem of limited resources. In addition, the use of Euryale ferox shell can also ensure the production quality and conversion efficiency of Ceratitis oleifera.

[0015] 2. The present invention uses cultivation bags of larger size than conventional cultivation bags to bag the raw materials, thereby ensuring sufficient nutrition for the second batch of mushrooms and later fruiting bodies under the intelligent and precise environmental condition management of the present invention, so that the second batch of mushrooms and later fruiting bodies also have higher quality, thereby improving the production quality and conversion efficiency of the mullet.

[0016] 3. The present invention has developed and designed a special cultivation rack based on a larger cultivation bag. Through modular design, the cultivation rack can be freely combined and used according to the cultivation amount of the hog shepherd's purse and the available cultivation space in the actual cultivation environment, avoiding the waste or shortage of space in traditional fixed cultivation racks or mushroom sheds; it also facilitates centralized control of temperature, humidity, etc.; in addition, the modular cultivation rack is also convenient for flexible adjustment and turnover according to changes in actual application scenarios.

[0017] 4. The fruiting management of the swine fever mushroom of the present invention adopts intelligent and precise control, thereby ensuring the intelligent and precise management of the temperature, water and air in the fruiting shed, i.e., the cultivation rack, and ensuring that the swine fever mushroom grows under the designed stable environmental conditions of temperature, water and air, thereby ensuring the production quality and conversion efficiency of the swine fever mushroom.

[0018] 5. The present invention uses an intelligent control system to control the cultivation process of the swine fever mushroom. Therefore, during the actual production control process, there is no need for technical personnel to follow up and provide guidance. Ordinary workers can also cultivate the swine fever mushroom on time and according to the cultivation process and conditions set in advance. The entire process is highly streamlined, and factory-based cultivation management of the swine fever mushroom can be realized.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the cultivation rack of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a side view of the connection structure between the cultivation unit and the fixed base of the present invention.

[0021] Description of reference numerals: 1. Fixed base, 2. Cultivation unit, 3. Fixed plate, 4. Fixed legs, 5. Top plate, 6. Middle partition, 7. Support legs, 8. Reinforcement rod, 9. Slide rail, 10. Roller, 11. Baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description.

[0023] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the terms "horizontal", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0024] The present invention provides an intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells. The production season is spring when the temperature is greater than 15°C. The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treat the raw materials and then stir them according to the set formula and dosage; the formula includes: 10-40% gorgon fruit shell, 10-30% oil tea fruit shell, 10%-30% oil tea branch chips or cottonseed hull, 20% bran, 2% lime, and 1% gypsum; water is added during the stirring process to make the moisture content of the raw materials 60%-65%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7; The pre-treatment of raw materials includes: the particles of water chestnut shell are small but very hard, so they need to be soaked for at least 24 hours before bagging. The oil tea shell has more fibers, and improper crushing method produces more tiny particles. The average crushing particle size is about 15 mm, and particles smaller than 2.5 mm are no more than 10%.

[0025] Gorgon fruit shells are a waste product from Gorgon fruit processing. Their primary component is lignin, making them abundant and relatively inexpensive. Using them alongside camellia oleifera shells as a raw material for Ceratitis edulis ensures both quality and conversion efficiency.

[0026] In terms of the use of lime, most of the existing information only mentions adjusting the pH to around 7.0 when mixing the materials. However, because tea oil fruit shells contain fat, the pH value drops significantly after sterilization, and the acid-base adjustment process is simpler, and no more acid adjustment process is required.

[0027] Step 2: Bag the evenly mixed raw materials using cultivation bags with a diameter of 230-250 mm and a length of 350-380 mm. Perform conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and fermentation to make fungus bags. Bag the materials immediately after mixing and do not leave them overnight.

[0028] Step 3: Place the matured bags upright on the cultivation rack, and then cover with soil after the mycelium has grown all over the bags for 7-15 days. The cultivation rack is surrounded by a cultivation shed to form an independent cultivation space. Use the drying facilities, add a net and a film, the outer layer is a 6-needle shade net, the inner layer is a plastic film. After the spawn is matured, the mushroom bags are placed on the cultivation rack for fruiting management.

[0029] Soil covering requirements: 7-15 days after the mycelium has filled the bag, soil covering can be started. The soil should be sandy loam or mature garden soil rich in organic matter. It must be exposed to the sun and passed through a 20-mesh sieve before use.

[0030] Procedure: Remove the paper and ring from the bag and add the prepared soil to the surface of the bag to a thickness of about 3-5 cm. After covering, add water to allow the soil layer to fully absorb the water without allowing the water to seep into the bag.

[0031] Step 4: Intelligently manage the temperature, humidity, light intensity, and oxygen content in the cultivation shed to meet the set requirements. The intelligent control system is used to manage the stability of the intelligent environmental conditions for mushroom induction and fruiting. Oxygen content is generally managed through ventilation. After covering the mushroom bags with soil, place them in a cultivation shed and maintain appropriate environmental conditions, such as a stable temperature of 23°C-32°C (not fluctuating by more than 5°C), a relative humidity of 75%-80%, and ventilation for about half an hour in the evening. From bud formation to mushroom emergence, maintain appropriate environmental conditions, such as a stable temperature of 23°C-32°C (not fluctuating by more than 5°C), a relative humidity of 80%-90%, and ventilation for about half an hour each morning and evening. Weak light (approximately 300-500 lux) is required.

[0032] During the fruiting process, maintain appropriate environmental conditions, such as a stable temperature of 23°C-32°C (within 5°C of fluctuation), a relative humidity of 85%-95%, and increased ventilation for approximately half an hour each morning, noon, and evening. Sufficient light (approximately 500-1000 lux) is also essential for heat dissipation.

[0033] Step 5: Harvest. When the cap becomes lighter in color and begins to flatten, it is time to harvest. Press down on the soil with your hands and remove the fruiting body with the roots. Then use a knife to remove the mushroom roots.

[0034] During the cultivation period, pest and disease control should prioritize prevention. Key measures include maintaining good environmental hygiene, installing insect-proof nets, hanging yellow boards, using insect-killing lamps, and regularly spraying high-efficiency, low-toxic insecticides around the cultivation area.

[0035] In another embodiment, Figure 1As shown, in the step 3, a plurality of cultivation racks are provided in the cultivation shed, each cultivation rack is assembled from a plurality of cultivation units, and the cultivation units are prefabricated in a modular factory. The cultivation rack can be set to be composed of a single-layer or multi-layer cultivation unit according to the size of the cultivation site. The cultivation unit 2 is a frame structure and includes a top plate 5 of the top layer, a middle partition 6 in the middle of at least one layer, and a plurality of support legs 7 connecting the top plate and the middle partition into one. The top plate and the middle partition are arranged in parallel, and the spacing between the middle partition and the top plate, the adjacent middle partition, and the bottom of the middle partition and the support leg is 50 -60cm, multiple supporting legs are evenly spaced and vertically symmetrically arranged along the outer periphery of the top plate, and a fixed base 1 is also correspondingly arranged at the bottom of each cultivation rack, which includes multiple fixed legs 4 and a fixed plate 3. The fixed plate is parallel to the top plate of the cultivation unit and has the same size and is arranged correspondingly up and down. The multiple fixed legs and the multiple supporting legs are also arranged one by one up and down. The cultivation rack is fixed to the ground through the fixed base at the bottom, and then at least one cultivation unit is assembled on the fixed base to complete the assembly of the cultivation rack; multiple cultivation racks are arranged in a horizontal and vertical layout according to the size of the cultivation shed.

[0036] In actual cultivation scenarios, if space is sufficient, single-layer cultivation units can be installed. However, if space is limited or the planting volume is large, single-layer cultivation units would be too large and inconvenient to manage, and multiple layers of cultivation units are required. The fixed base and cultivation units are prefabricated in the factory and can be assembled on-site, reducing the time and labor required to set up the cultivation racks. They can also be disassembled and reused later. Due to the larger size of the cultivation bags, the spacing between the individual panels of the cultivation units is also larger, and space is reserved for the nozzles and LED lights. The nozzles and LED lights can also be pre-installed on the cultivation racks at the factory. After on-site assembly, a simple connection is required, followed by a preliminary test to verify the connection status. This significantly reduces the workload of on-site cultivation rack assembly. If the nozzles or LED lights malfunction, troubleshooting and diagnosing the problem is much easier. Repair or replacement of the individual modular cultivation units is then sufficient, significantly reducing the workload during subsequent on-site cultivation and providing hardware support for subsequent intelligent environmental management. The mushroom bags are arranged vertically on the fixed plate, the middle partition or the top plate, and the mushroom bags are not arranged on the top plate of the cultivation rack. In order to make the cultivation rack more stable, each cultivation unit is provided with a reinforcing rod 8 on the side for reinforcement.

[0037] In another embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a plurality of slide rails 9 are provided on the fixed plate of the fixed base and the top plate of the cultivation unit, which are arranged along the width direction of the fixed plate and the top plate, and the plurality of slide rails are evenly spaced along the length direction of the fixed plate and the top plate. The bottom of the support legs of the cultivation unit are provided with rollers 10, and a pair of support legs along the width direction of the top plate are correspondingly slidably set on a slide rail, and multiple pairs of support legs along the length direction of the top plate are just correspondingly slidably set on multiple slide rails; a baffle 11 is correspondingly provided in the height direction of any support leg or fixed leg, and its two ends extend to the fixed leg and the corresponding support leg to connect the fixed seat and the cultivation unit as a whole by bolts, and the baffles on the support legs of the upper and lower cultivation units extend to the upper and lower support legs respectively to connect the upper and lower cultivation units as a whole by bolts.

[0038] During the actual assembly process, the fixed base is first fixed and installed according to the set spatial layout position, and then the cultivation unit is installed on the fixed base, and installed through the cooperation of the rollers and the slide rails. On the one hand, the cooperation of the rollers and the slide rails can achieve one-to-one position correspondence for installation, and then fixed through the baffle. During the actual installation process, the baffle can be installed in advance on one side of the fixed base, and it is bolted to the fixed legs on the fixed base, which plays a certain limiting role in the installation of the cultivation unit and prevents the cultivation unit from sliding to the outside of the fixed base; on the other hand, when the cultivation rack is set higher and assembled by multiple cultivation units, the cultivation units at high places generally require a lifting device during the assembly and dismantling process. The present invention has high requirements for equipment and also has certain requirements for the size of the installation space. It is not the best choice in terms of cost or practical operation convenience. The present invention uses a sliding setting of the cultivation unit, and only needs a simple movable telescopic table to realize the convenient installation and removal of the cultivation unit. The telescopic table is extended to align the top table with the roller surface of the cultivation unit. The cultivation unit can be removed by sliding it horizontally onto the table. Alternatively, after the cultivation unit is slid onto the table through the slope, it is moved to the installation position through the telescopic table, and after it is extended upward so that the roller of the cultivation unit is aligned with the corresponding slide rail, the cultivation unit can be moved to the cultivation rack for installation and fixation. In addition, when the nozzle or LED lamp on the cultivation unit is inspected or replaced in case of failure, due to the limited space of the cultivation shed (the distance between the top and the top of the cultivation unit is small, which is convenient for more effective control of the temperature in the cultivation shed), it is more convenient and effective to move the cultivation unit by sliding horizontally.

[0039] In another embodiment, the top plate and the bottom surface of the middle partition facing the mushroom bag are both provided with nozzles and LED light strips along the length direction, and the nozzles are provided with multiple spray heads, which are used to control the humidity in the cultivation shed, and the LED light strips are used to control the light in the cultivation shed; the cultivation shed is arranged to be double-layered, with a hollow space formed between the two layers, and the distance between the inner cultivation shed and the top of the uppermost cultivation unit is 20-30 cm, and the outer cultivation shed is provided with a blowing device, which selectively introduces hot air or cold air into the hollow space to regulate the temperature in the cultivation shed; the side of the cultivation shed is also provided with multiple ventilation holes, which have opening and closing doors for ventilating the cultivation shed, and the ventilation holes of the inner and outer cultivation sheds are partially staggered to adjust the ventilation volume; the opening and opening size of the spray head are controlled by an intelligent control system, and the opening and opening size of the LED light strip are controlled at the same time, and the opening of the blowing device and the introduction of hot air or cold air are controlled at the same time.

[0040] By setting up a double-layer cultivation shed, the temperature in the entire cultivation shed can be kept basically stable, reducing the impact of the external temperature on the temperature in the cultivation shed, which is conducive to maintaining the temperature in the cultivation shed in a relatively stable state within the set appropriate temperature range. During the cultivation season, the external temperature also maintains relative consistency with the set temperature range. In most cases, there is no need for additional temperature regulation. Only real-time monitoring is required. At night when the temperature is lower or in the summer when the temperature is higher during the day, the temperature is regulated by a blowing device. The blowing device has two modes, cold and warm, and can be freely switched to perform temperature regulation. The blowing device, for example, is an electric heater or air conditioner with two modes. A spray is set just above the mushroom bag to regulate the humidity in the cultivation shed. The hog shepherd's purse has high humidity requirements during the cultivation process. Because a spray is set just above the cultivation bag and on each cultivation unit, the humidity around the mushroom bag can be guaranteed to be within the set range while ensuring the humidity of the entire cultivation shed, avoiding the local humidity of the mushroom bag from decreasing during ventilation or other conditions, which is not conducive to the growth and quality of the mushroom. LED light strips can be individually regulated to open and close, as well as the intensity of the light, so that the light intensity in different environments can be adjusted more accurately. For example, on a sunny day, there is external light on the top, which can meet the lighting requirements, but the light intensity at the bottom and the middle may not be enough, and additional light supplementation through LED light strips is required; or on cloudy days, different light intensities can be supplemented at different locations based on monitoring. During the ventilation process, the light intensity of the mushroom bag facing the vent can be adjusted by external heat dissipation light, and no additional light supplement is required, while the internal mushroom bag may require additional light supplement. Therefore, individual LED light strips are individually regulated. Compared with monitoring and adjusting the light intensity of the entire environment, this application can achieve more precise regulation. The regulation of oxygen content is achieved through ventilation. The ventilation time and frequency are reasonably set according to the demand for oxygen in different stages. The vents of the inner and outer cultivation sheds are partially staggered. On the one hand, the ventilation volume can be controlled. On the other hand, the staggered setting can prevent external wind from directly entering the cultivation shed. When the temperature difference between the outside and the cultivation shed is large, the outside air can enter the hollow space of the cultivation shed through the staggered ventilation holes, and the air in the cultivation shed can be replaced by the air in the cultivation shed when entering, so as not to cause large fluctuations in the temperature in the cultivation shed as much as possible, and to maintain temperature stability to a certain extent.

[0041] In another embodiment, the specific manner in which the intelligent control system of the present invention stably regulates the temperature, humidity, light, etc. in the cultivation shed is as follows, and the regulation manner may be slightly different in ventilated and non-ventilated conditions.

[0042] 1. Temperature: The top of the cultivation shed is equipped with a sunshade net. During the cultivation season, the double-layer cultivation shed and the sunshade net can maintain the temperature inside the cultivation shed within the set temperature range. In the summer, when the temperature is high, additional cold air is required. The specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control the temperature is as follows: multiple temperature sensors are installed at different heights and different positions in the horizontal and vertical directions of the cultivation shed. The temperature values ​​monitored by these multiple temperature sensors are transmitted to the temperature control module of the intelligent control system. When there is no ventilation, the average value of multiple monitored temperature values ​​is obtained through the temperature control module and compared with the set temperature adjustment range. If the set temperature adjustment range is exceeded, the blowing equipment is controlled to slowly introduce hot air or cold air into the hollow space of the cultivation shed, so that the average value of the monitored temperature value is within the set temperature adjustment range; the temperature adjustment range is a subset of the temperature range; for example, the temperature range set for the cultivation shed of the present application is 23℃-32℃, and the temperature adjustment range is set to 27℃-30℃. There will be a certain time difference in the process of temperature monitoring and then adjustment. If the temperature is monitored to the limit value of the set temperature range and then intermittently adjusted, the temperature limit value within this time difference is very likely to have exceeded the set temperature range, which will cause the temperature stability in the cultivation shed to be low, which will have a certain impact on the cultivation of the hoglet, and ultimately affect the initial finished product quality and conversion rate of the hoglet; therefore, adjustment is started within the temperature adjustment range.

[0043] When ventilation is initiated, temperature compensation is calculated in advance based on the external temperature. Simultaneously, hot or cold air is slowly introduced into the hollow space of the greenhouse for a set period of time to compensate for the temperature, ensuring that the average monitored temperature value remains within the set temperature adjustment range. During ventilation, outside air enters the greenhouse, inevitably disrupting the temperature stability within the greenhouse. Therefore, temperature compensation is performed simultaneously based on the external air temperature. Otherwise, if the monitored temperature exceeds the set limit before adjustment is made, the temperature within the greenhouse will become unstable and exceed the set range.

[0044] The specific temperature compensation is as follows: if the external temperature is greater than the maximum value of the temperature range and is more than 5°C, cold air will be continuously introduced during ventilation; for example, if the external temperature is 37°C, which is 5°C higher than the maximum value of the temperature range of 32°C, then when ventilating, cold air will be continuously introduced through the blowing equipment to offset the impact of external air on the temperature in the cultivation shed and avoid the temperature in the cultivation shed being too high.

[0045] If the external temperature is higher than the maximum value of the temperature range and is no more than 5°C higher, the time for continuous ventilation of cold air is two-thirds of the ventilation time; for example, if the external temperature is 34°C, which is 2°C higher than the maximum value of the temperature range of 32°C, then when ventilating, the ventilation time is 30 minutes, and the time for continuous ventilation of cold air is 20 minutes.

[0046] If the outside temperature is lower than the minimum value of the temperature range by more than 3°C, hot air will continue to flow during ventilation. The air flow during ventilation promotes a drop in temperature, allowing for more precise low-temperature settings. For example, if the outside temperature is 20°C, which is 3°C lower than the minimum value of the temperature range (23°C), hot air will continue to flow during ventilation.

[0047] If the external temperature is lower than the minimum value of the temperature adjustment range, and is no more than 3°C lower than the minimum value of the temperature range, then during the ventilation process, the time for continuous introduction of hot air is two-thirds of the ventilation time; for example, if the external temperature is 23°C, which is 3°C lower than the minimum value of the temperature adjustment range of 27°C, then during the ventilation process, the ventilation time is 30 minutes, and the time for continuous introduction of hot air is 20 minutes.

[0048] If the external temperature is not within the above-set range, the temperature in the cultivation shed is monitored during ventilation, and the temperature is adjusted in real time according to the monitored temperature value, that is, the temperature monitoring method without ventilation is adopted.

[0049] The temperature control module corresponding to the intelligent control system is also equipped with a temperature alarm system. When the temperature value monitored by any temperature sensor exceeds the temperature range, an alarm is issued. Through the temperature control of this application, no temperature alarm occurs during the entire cultivation process.

[0050] 2. Humidity: The specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control humidity is as follows: multiple humidity sensors are installed at different heights, horizontal and vertical positions in the cultivation shed. The humidity values ​​monitored by the multiple humidity sensors are transmitted to the humidity control module of the intelligent control system; When there is no ventilation, the cultivation shed is sprayed steadily through the spray head of the nozzle, so that the humidity in the cultivation shed is within the set humidity range; after obtaining the average value of the monitored humidity value through the humidity control module, it is compared with the set humidity adjustment range. If it exceeds the set humidity adjustment range, the opening size of the spray head is controlled to increase or decrease the spray in the cultivation shed, and the humidity is controlled so that the average value of the monitored humidity value is within the set humidity adjustment range; the humidity adjustment range is a subset of the humidity range; consistent with the settings of the temperature range and temperature adjustment range, in order to make the humidity more stable, a humidity range and a humidity adjustment range are set. For example, when the humidity range is 85%-95%, the humidity adjustment range is set to 88%-92%. The same applies to the other humidity ranges, and the humidity adjustment range is added or subtracted by 3% above and below the humidity range.

[0051] When ventilation is in effect, humidity compensation is calculated in advance based on the external humidity. The opening size of the spray head is controlled to increase or decrease the spray volume in the cultivation shed, and the humidity is controlled so that the average value of the monitored humidity value is within the set humidity adjustment range. Under normal circumstances, the external humidity range is generally smaller than the set humidity adjustment range, so it is generally necessary to increase the spray volume to adjust the humidity. When there is no ventilation, the humidity in the cultivation shed can basically remain stable. However, during ventilation, the difference between the external humidity and the humidity in the cultivation shed is large, and humidity compensation needs to be performed simultaneously to avoid large fluctuations in the humidity in the cultivation shed, which cannot meet the humidity requirements for the cultivation of mollusks.

[0052] Humidity compensation is specifically as follows: if the external humidity is less than 50%, the spray head is controlled to open to twice its original size during the entire ventilation process, and the humidity is continuously increased to maintain the humidity in the cultivation shed within the set humidity range; if the external humidity is between 50% and 65%, the spray head is controlled to open to 1 time its original size during the entire ventilation process, and the humidity is continuously increased to maintain the humidity in the cultivation shed within the set humidity range; when it is within the remaining humidity range, the humidity in the cultivation shed is monitored during the ventilation process, and humidity adjustment is performed in real time based on the monitored humidity value. In the environment of the cultivation of the scutellaria edodes in this application, the humidity is usually difficult to reach more than 65%. Therefore, in general, humidity compensation is required as long as ventilation is required.

[0053] The humidity control module corresponding to the intelligent control system is also equipped with a humidity alarm system. When the humidity value monitored by any humidity sensor exceeds the humidity range, an alarm is issued. Through the humidity control of this application, no humidity alarm occurs during the entire cultivation process.

[0054] 3. Lighting: A sunshade net is installed on the top of the cultivation shed. The specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control the light intensity is as follows: multiple light sensors are installed at different positions in each cultivation unit. The light values ​​monitored by multiple light sensors in each cultivation unit are transmitted to the light control module of the intelligent control system; By combining the natural light on the top with the cultivation units at the bottom that do not receive natural light, the LED lights at the corresponding positions are controlled to be turned on and the degree of on-state, so that the light intensity corresponding to each cultivation unit is within the set light range; after obtaining the average light value corresponding to each monitored cultivation unit through the light control module, it is compared with the set light range. If it exceeds the set light range, the LED lights are controlled to be turned on and the degree of on-state, so that the average light value of the monitored light is within the set light range.

[0055] On sunny days, when the external light intensity is high, the sunshade net and double-layer cultivation shed ensure that the light intensity inside the cultivation shed does not exceed the set maximum value. On cloudy days, LED lights provide supplemental lighting. When the light intensity is high at noon and ventilation is required, the sunshade net on the top and the double-layer cultivation shed block the light. During actual cultivation monitoring, the light intensity inside the cultivation shed does not exceed the set maximum value. In addition, because ventilation is provided through the sides, light passes directly and then enters through the vents. The scattered light will not cause the light intensity inside the cultivation shed to exceed the set maximum value.

[0056] The light control module corresponding to the intelligent control system is also equipped with a light alarm system. When the light value monitored by any light sensor exceeds the light range, an alarm is issued. Through the light control of this application, no light alarm occurs during the entire cultivation process.

[0057] Through the intelligent control of the present application, the temperature, humidity, light, etc. of the present application are all within the set range, and the various alarm systems have not issued any early warnings, indicating that the temperature, humidity, and light of the present application can be stably maintained within the set range. At the same time, the quality and conversion efficiency of the mollusks far exceed the requirements.

[0058] The effects of the present application are illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples. In the following, all the plants were started to produce synchronously in spring when the temperature was greater than 15°C, and were controlled synchronously in the same cultivation shed.

[0059] Example 1 The formula used is: 10% gorgon fruit shells, 30% camellia oleifera shells, 40% camellia oleifera branch sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are implemented. Intelligent management according to this application's method has achieved a conversion efficiency of 111%, allowing for four harvests.

[0060] Example 2 The formula used is: 40% gorgon fruit shells, 20% camellia oleifera shells, 20% camellia oleifera branch sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are implemented. Intelligent management according to this application method has achieved a conversion efficiency of 109%, allowing for four harvests.

[0061] Example 3 The formula used is: 25% gorgon fruit shells, 20% camellia oleifera shells, 15% camellia oleifera branch sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are implemented. Intelligent management according to this application method has achieved a conversion efficiency of 115%, allowing for four harvests.

[0062] Comparative Example 1 The formula used is: 40% camellia husks, 35% camellia branch sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are implemented. Intelligent management according to this application method achieves a conversion efficiency of 95%, allowing for three harvests.

[0063] Comparative Example 2 The formula used is: 40% cottonseed hulls, 35% tea tree sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are implemented. Intelligent management according to this application method achieves a conversion efficiency of 90%, allowing for two harvests.

[0064] Comparative Example 3 The formula used is: 10% Euryale ferox shells, 30% Camellia oleifera shells, 40% Camellia oleifera branch sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are implemented. Following conventional management methods with manual monitoring of environmental conditions, the conversion efficiency reaches 96%, allowing for three harvests.

[0065] Comparative Example 4 The formula used is: 10% gorgon fruit shells, 30% camellia oleifera shells, 40% camellia oleifera branch sawdust, 20% bran, plus 2% lime and 1% gypsum. 230mm x 350mm angled bags are used, and conventional bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and incubation procedures are performed. Intelligent management according to the method of this application, but without temperature and humidity compensation, achieves a conversion efficiency of 101%, allowing for three harvests.

[0066] It will be understood that the present invention is described by way of some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and embodiments. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and further modifications can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Pre-treat the raw materials and then stir them according to the set formula and dosage; the formula includes: 10-40% gorgon fruit shell, 10-30% oil tea fruit shell, 10%-30% oil tea branch chips or cottonseed hull, 20% bran, 2% lime, and 1% gypsum; water is added during the stirring process to make the moisture content of the raw materials 60%-65%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7; Step 2: bagging the mixed raw materials, using a cultivation bag with a diameter of 230-250 mm and a length of 350-380 mm, sterilizing, inoculating, and spawning to make a fungus bag; Step 3: Place the matured bags upright on the cultivation rack, and then cover with soil after the mycelium has grown all over the bags for 7-15 days. The cultivation rack is surrounded by a cultivation shed to form an independent cultivation space. Step 4: Intelligently manage the temperature, humidity, light intensity, and oxygen content in the cultivation shed to meet the set requirements for each stage, and use the intelligent control system to manage the stability of the intelligent environmental conditions for mushroom induction and fruiting; Step 5: Harvesting.

2. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea with Euryale ferox shells according to claim 1, wherein: In the step 1, the raw material pretreatment includes: soaking the gorgon fruit shells for not less than 24 hours, and crushing the oil tea fruit shells to an average particle size of 15 mm, and particles smaller than 2.5 mm not exceeding 10%.

3. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea with Euryale ferox shells as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, a plurality of cultivation racks are provided in the cultivation shed, each cultivation rack is assembled from a plurality of cultivation units, the cultivation units are prefabricated in a modular factory, and the cultivation rack can be provided as a single-layer or multi-layer cultivation unit according to the size of the cultivation site. The cultivation unit is a frame structure and includes a top plate of the top layer, a middle partition in the middle of at least one layer, and a plurality of support legs connecting the top plate and the middle partition as a whole. The top plate and the middle partition are arranged in parallel, and the spacing between the middle partition and the top plate, the adjacent middle partition, and the lowest middle partition and the bottom of the support leg is 50-6 0cm, multiple supporting legs are evenly spaced and vertically symmetrically arranged along the outer periphery of the top plate, and a fixed base is also correspondingly arranged at the bottom of each cultivation rack, which includes multiple fixed legs and a fixed plate. The fixed plate is parallel to the top plate of the cultivation unit and has the same size and is arranged correspondingly up and down. The multiple fixed legs and the multiple supporting legs are also arranged one by one up and down. The cultivation rack is fixed to the ground through the fixed base at the bottom, and then at least one cultivation unit is assembled on the fixed base to complete the assembly of the cultivation rack; multiple cultivation racks are arranged in a horizontal and vertical layout according to the size of the cultivation shed.

4. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea with Euryale ferox shells as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed plate of the fixed base and the top plate of the cultivation unit are both provided with multiple slide rails, which are arranged along the width direction of the fixed plate and the top plate, and the multiple slide rails are evenly spaced along the length direction of the fixed plate and the top plate. The bottom of the support legs of the cultivation unit are both provided with rollers, and a pair of support legs along the width direction of the top plate are correspondingly slidably set on a slide rail, and multiple pairs of support legs along the length direction of the top plate are just correspondingly slidably set on multiple slide rails; a baffle is correspondingly provided in the height direction of any support leg or fixed leg, and its two ends extend to the fixed leg and the corresponding support leg to connect the fixed seat and the cultivation unit as a whole through bolts, and the baffles on the support legs of the upper and lower cultivation units extend to the upper and lower support legs respectively to connect the upper and lower cultivation units as a whole through bolts.

5. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The top plate and the bottom surface of the middle partition facing the mushroom bag are both provided with nozzles and LED light strips along the length direction. The nozzles are provided with multiple spray heads, which are used to regulate the humidity in the cultivation shed, and the LED light strips are used to regulate the light in the cultivation shed; the cultivation shed is arranged to be double-layered, with a hollow space formed between the two layers, and the distance between the inner cultivation shed and the top of the uppermost cultivation unit is 20-30 cm. The outer cultivation shed is provided with a blowing device, which selectively introduces hot air or cold air into the hollow space to regulate the temperature in the cultivation shed; the side of the cultivation shed is also provided with multiple ventilation holes, which have opening and closing doors for ventilating the cultivation shed, and the ventilation holes of the inner and outer cultivation sheds are partially staggered to adjust the ventilation volume; the opening and opening size of the spray head are controlled by an intelligent control system, and the opening and opening size of the LED light strip are controlled at the same time, and the opening of the blowing device and the introduction of hot air or cold air are controlled at the same time.

6. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sunshade net is installed on the top of the cultivation shed. The specific process of the intelligent control system to stabilize the temperature is as follows: multiple temperature sensors are installed at different heights, horizontal and vertical positions in the cultivation shed. The temperature values ​​monitored by multiple temperature sensors are transmitted to the temperature control module of the intelligent control system; When there is no ventilation, the temperature control module obtains the average value of multiple monitored temperature values ​​and compares it with the set temperature adjustment range. If it exceeds the set temperature adjustment range, the blowing device is controlled to slowly introduce hot air or cold air into the hollow space of the cultivation shed so that the average value of the monitored temperature values ​​is within the set temperature adjustment range; the temperature adjustment range is a subset of the temperature range; When ventilating, the temperature compensation is calculated in advance according to the external temperature. At the same time, hot air or cold air is slowly introduced into the hollow space of the cultivation shed for a set time to perform temperature compensation so that the average value of the monitored temperature value is within the set temperature adjustment range.

7. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control humidity is as follows: multiple humidity sensors are installed at different heights, horizontal and vertical positions in the cultivation shed, and the humidity values ​​monitored by the multiple humidity sensors are transmitted to the humidity control module of the intelligent control system; When there is no ventilation, the spray nozzle of the nozzle conducts a steady spray in the cultivation shed so that the humidity in the cultivation shed is within the set humidity range. After obtaining the average value of the monitored humidity value through the humidity control module, it is compared with the set humidity adjustment range. If it exceeds the set humidity adjustment range, the opening size of the spray nozzle is controlled to increase or decrease the spray in the cultivation shed to control the humidity so that the average value of the monitored humidity value is within the set humidity adjustment range. The humidity adjustment range is a subset of the humidity range. When ventilating, calculate humidity compensation in advance according to the external humidity, control the opening size of the spray head to increase or decrease the spray in the cultivation shed, and control the humidity so that the average value of the monitored humidity value is within the set humidity adjustment range.

8. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sunshade net is installed on the top of the cultivation shed. The specific process of the intelligent control system to stably control the light intensity is as follows: multiple light sensors are installed at different positions in each cultivation unit. The light values ​​monitored by the multiple light sensors in each cultivation unit are transmitted to the light control module of the intelligent control system; By combining the natural light on the top with the cultivation units at the bottom that do not receive natural light, the LED lights at the corresponding positions are controlled to turn on and the degree of on-time, so that the light intensity of each cultivation unit is within the set light range; After obtaining the average light value corresponding to each monitored cultivation unit through the light control module, it is compared with the set light range. If it exceeds the set light range, the LED light is controlled to turn on and turn on the size so that the average light value is within the set light range.

9. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells according to claim 6, wherein: When ventilation is in progress, the temperature compensation is as follows: if the outside temperature is greater than the maximum value of the temperature range and is more than 5°C higher, cold air will be continuously introduced during ventilation; if the outside temperature is greater than the maximum value of the temperature range and is no more than 5°C higher, cold air will be continuously introduced for two-thirds of the ventilation time; if the outside temperature is less than the minimum value of the temperature range and is less than 3°C higher, hot air will be continuously introduced during ventilation; If the outside temperature is lower than the minimum value of the temperature adjustment range and is not lower than the minimum value of the temperature range by more than 3°C, the time for continuous ventilation of hot air shall be two-thirds of the ventilation time. If the external temperature is not within the above set range, the temperature in the cultivation shed will be monitored during the ventilation process, and the temperature will be adjusted in real time according to the monitored temperature value.

10. The intelligent management and cultivation method for cultivating Ceratitis oleracea using Euryale ferox shells according to claim 7, wherein: Humidity compensation is specifically as follows: if the external humidity is less than 50%, the spray head is controlled to open to twice its original size during the entire ventilation process, and the humidity is continuously increased to maintain the humidity in the cultivation shed within the set humidity range; if the external humidity is between 50%-65%, the spray head is controlled to open to 1 times its original size during the entire ventilation process, and the humidity is continuously increased to maintain the humidity in the cultivation shed within the set humidity range; when it is within the rest of the humidity range, the humidity in the cultivation shed is monitored during the ventilation process, and humidity adjustment is performed in real time based on the monitored humidity value.

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