Green high-yield cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and discloses a green high-yield coix lacryma-jobi cultivation method which at least comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a planting land; s2, seed treatment; s3, deep ploughing and fertilization; s4, sowing and seedling raising; s5, field management; s6, disease and pest control; and S7, harvesting and storing. According to the method, soil which is deep and thick in soil layer, good in drainage and appropriate in pH value is optimized, soil improvement is carried out, a good growth foundation is provided for coix lacryma-jobi, occurrence of diseases and insect pests is reduced, development and nutrient absorption of coix lacryma-jobi root systems are facilitated, seeds with the high germination rate are selected, and warm water seed soaking and beneficial bacterium coating are carried out, so that the survival rate of coix lacryma-jobi is improved. According to the method, field seedlings are neat and robust, the stress resistance of the seeds is enhanced, the yield and quality of the coix lacryma-jobi are improved, meanwhile, a scientific fertilization formula and a water and fertilizer integrated technology are adopted, accurate supply is conducted according to the water and fertilizer requirement rules of the coix lacryma-jobi in different growth periods, resource waste is avoided, and meanwhile the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a green and high-yield cultivation method for coix seed. Background Art

[0002] Coix is ​​an important economic crop in my country with both edible and medicinal value. It is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates and various vitamins and minerals. Coix rice is widely used in food, health products and medicine, and the market demand is growing. However, traditional coix planting methods have many problems: for example, the selection of planting sites is unscientific, and soil conditions and the influence of previous crops are often ignored, resulting in frequent diseases and insect pests, poor growth and low yield. In the seed treatment process, farmers often use seeds that have not been screened and treated, resulting in uneven seedling emergence, missing seedlings and broken ridges, which affect the group yield. Pest and disease control relies too much on chemical pesticides, which can easily cause environmental pollution, excessive pesticide residues and increased pest resistance. There is a lack of scientific formula for fertilization, and excessive or unreasonable fertilization often occurs, which not only wastes resources but also destroys the soil ecological balance. Irrigation mostly adopts extensive methods such as flooding, with low water resource utilization rate, and cannot accurately meet the water requirements of coix in different growth stages. The present invention aims to solve these problems and provide a green and high-yield cultivation method for coix. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green and high-yield cultivation method for coix seed to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions: a green and high-yield cultivation method of coix seed, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Preparation of planting site;

[0006] S2, seed treatment;

[0007] S3, deep plowing and fertilization;

[0008] S4, sowing and raising seedlings;

[0009] S5. Field management;

[0010] S6. Pest and disease control;

[0011] S7. Harvesting and storage.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation of the planting site in S1 includes the following specific operations:

[0013] S1-1. Soil optimization and improvement: Select sandy loam or clay loam with a soil depth of ≥30 cm and good drainage, and control the soil pH to 5.5-7.0. Avoid previous crops made from grasses to reduce pests and diseases. For plots with continuous cropping problems, use green manure rotation or inoculate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for soil improvement.

[0014] S1-2. Soil disinfection and land preparation: Before sowing, deep plow the soil 25-30 cm and expose it to the sun for disinfection to break up the soil compaction layer, enhance air permeability and water permeability, and use ultraviolet rays to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil.

[0015] Preferably, the seed processing in S2 includes the following specific operations:

[0016] S2-1. Select seeds with full grains and a germination rate of ≥85% to ensure uniform and strong seedlings in the field after sowing. The germination rate of ≥85% is required to ensure that a high proportion of seeds can germinate normally after sowing, ensuring uniform and strong seedlings in the field, laying the foundation for subsequent high-yield cultivation;

[0017] S2-2. Soaking seeds in warm water: Soak the seeds in 50-55℃ warm water for 6-8 hours to soften the seed coat and kill surface pathogens, thus promoting seed absorption and germination. Warm water at an appropriate temperature can also kill pathogens and insect eggs attached to the seed surface to a certain extent, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases.

[0018] S2-3. Use a composite bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis for seed coating, where the number of effective live bacteria is ≥ 200 million / g, to enhance stress resistance and optimize the soil microecological environment. In addition, other beneficial microorganisms in the composite bacterial agent may also have the functions of promoting seed germination, improving the soil microecological environment, etc., further creating favorable conditions for the growth of coix seeds.

[0019] Preferably, the deep plowing and fertilizing in S3 includes the following specific operations:

[0020] S3-1. Deep tillage of the soil to a depth of 25-30cm is required to improve soil structure and promote root development. In addition, deep tillage can also bury surface weeds, pest and disease residues, etc. deep into the soil, reducing the breeding and spread of pests and diseases;

[0021] S3-2. Apply base fertilizer: 2000-2500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to provide comprehensive nutrients and improve soil aggregate structure. At the same time, add 30-40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) to meet the stage-by-stage nutrient needs, promote the growth of stems and leaves, root development and grain formation of Job's tears, and help improve the yield and quality of Job's tears.

[0022] Preferably, the sowing and raising of seedlings in S4 includes the following specific operations:

[0023] S4-1. Sowing can be done in rows or in holes, with a row spacing of 40-50 cm, a plant spacing of 25-30 cm, and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm.

[0024] S4-2. Environmental regulation during the seedling stage: maintain soil moisture at 60-70% and temperature at 20-25°C during the seedling stage to promote seed germination and healthy growth of seedlings.

[0025] Preferably, the field management in S5 includes the following specific operations:

[0026] S5-1. When the coix seedlings grow to a certain stage, remove the overcrowded, weak or poorly growing seedlings to ensure that the remaining seedlings are evenly distributed and have sufficient growth space and nutrient supply to ensure that the individual plants grow healthily and the group structure is reasonable;

[0027] S5-2. During the growth period of Job's tears, the shallow soil is turned to increase soil aeration, which is beneficial to the root system's absorption of nutrients and water. At the same time, intertillage can cut the capillaries in the soil surface, reduce water evaporation, and play a role in moisture conservation. Weeding prevents weeds from competing with Job's tears for nutrients, water, and light, and reduces the breeding grounds and hosts for pests and diseases. During the growth process of Job's tears, the soil around the roots of the plant is raised to form a mound. Mounding can promote the growth of the Job's tears root system, increase the depth and range of the root system in the soil, and improve the plant's resistance to lodging. In addition, it can protect the base of the stem to prevent infection by pathogens. It is also beneficial to field drainage to prevent waterlogging that causes root rot.

[0028] S5-3. During the heading stage, apply 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer to promote the reproductive growth of coix, increase the fruit setting rate and grain fullness. Foliar fertilization can allow the fertilizer to be directly absorbed by the leaves, quickly replenish the nutrients needed by the plant, and avoid nutrient fixation and loss caused by soil fertilization. If drought occurs, irrigation should be carried out in time, and water and fertilizer integration technology should be adopted. According to the water and fertilizer requirements of coix in different growth stages, precise irrigation and fertilization should be implemented. In this way, water and fertilizer can be accurately supplied according to the water and nutrient requirements of coix at different growth stages, avoiding water and nutrient waste and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0029] Preferably, the following green control measures are preferably adopted in S6 pest control:

[0030] S6-1. Biological control: releasing ladybugs to control aphids, and using biological agents such as matrine and polyoxin when diseases occur;

[0031] S6-2. Physical control: Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to kill adult moths, use sex attractant traps to monitor pest population dynamics and initiate control procedures.

[0032] Preferably, the harvesting and storage in S7 includes the following specific operations:

[0033] S7-1. Harvesting standard: Harvest when the lower leaves of the plant turn yellow and more than 80% of the kernels appear dark gray;

[0034] S7-2. Storage conditions: After drying the seeds until the moisture content is ≤13%, store them in a low-temperature drying warehouse with a temperature ≤15°C and a humidity ≤50 to ensure the stable quality of the Job's tears rice.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention provides a good growth foundation for coix by preferably selecting soil with a deep soil layer, good drainage and suitable pH value, and improving the soil, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, being beneficial to the development of the root system and nutrient absorption of coix, and selecting seeds with a high germination rate and soaking them in warm water and coating them with beneficial bacteria, which not only ensures that the seedlings emerge neatly and healthily in the field, but also enhances the stress resistance of the seeds, and helps to improve the yield and quality of coix. At the same time, a scientific fertilization formula and water-fertilizer integration technology are adopted to accurately supply water and fertilizer according to the water and fertilizer requirements of coix in different growth periods, thereby avoiding waste of resources and improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0037] 2. In the process of disease and insect pest control, the present invention gives priority to biological and physical control measures, such as releasing ladybugs, using biological agents, installing insecticidal lamps, etc., which reduces the use of chemical pesticides, reduces the risk of environmental pollution and pesticide residues in agricultural products, and through reasonable soil improvement measures, such as rotating green manures, inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, etc., and scientific fertilization methods, avoids the damage to soil structure caused by excessive fertilization and maintains the ecological balance of the soil.

[0038] 3. The present invention makes full use of land resources by deep tillage, reasonable dense planting and other measures, thereby increasing the yield per unit area. At the same time, it abandons the traditional flooding method and adopts water-fertilizer integration technology to accurately irrigate according to the water demand of coix, thereby improving the utilization rate of water resources.

[0039] 4. The present invention increases the depth and range of the root system into the soil and improves the plant's resistance to lodging through reasonable soil-building and stump-covering measures. The beneficial bacteria in the seed coating can optimize the soil microecological environment, enhance the stress resistance of coix seed, and make it more adaptable to different environmental conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, unmodified nouns and nouns modified by "the" include singular and plural referents.

[0041] As used in the specification and claims, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "having," "may," "containing," and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to open transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of specified ingredients / steps and permit the presence of other ingredients / steps. However, such descriptions should be interpreted as also describing compositions or methods as "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" the recited ingredients / steps, which permits the presence of only the specified ingredients / steps and any unavoidable impurities that may result therefrom, and excludes other ingredients / steps.

[0042] The numerical values ​​in the specification and claims of this application should be understood to include the same value when reduced to the same number of significant figures and values ​​that differ from the stated value by less than the experimental error of ordinary measurement techniques of the type described in this application for determining the stated value.

[0043] All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the stated endpoints and are independently combinable (eg, the range of "2 grams to 10 grams" includes the endpoints 2 grams and 10 grams, and all intermediate values).

[0044] The terms "about" and "approximately" can be used to include any value that can vary without changing the basic function of the value. When used in conjunction with a range, "about" and "approximately" also disclose the range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints, for example, "about 2 to about 4" also discloses a range of "2 to 4". In general, the terms "about" and "approximately" can refer to ±10% of the indicated number. However, for temperature, the term "approximately" refers to ±1°C.

[0045] Unless expressly stated otherwise, percentages of elements are to be considered as percentages by weight of the alloy in question.

[0046] The present disclosure may refer to temperatures for certain method steps. It should be noted that these specifications generally refer to the temperature set by the heat source (such as a furnace), and not necessarily the temperature that the heated material must reach.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] A green and high-yield cultivation method for coix seed comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. Preparation of planting site;

[0050] S1-1. Choose sandy loam or clay loam with a soil depth of ≥30cm and good drainage, control the soil pH value to 5.5-7.0, avoid gramineous crops as the previous crop to reduce diseases and insect pests, and for plots with continuous cropping obstacles, adopt the method of rotating green manure. Rotating green manure, such as milk vetch and sweet potato, can fix nitrogen in the air during growth and increase the nitrogen content in the soil. At the same time, their root secretions and residues can improve soil structure and soil fertility. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can also be used. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of coix, enhance the root system's ability to absorb nutrients such as phosphorus and zinc, improve the plant's resistance to stress, improve the soil microecological environment, and promote the growth of coix. Generally, green manure is sown 1-2 months before sowing, and it is turned over after the green manure grows to a certain stage. When inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, follow the product instructions and evenly mix the fungal agent into the soil during the land preparation process;

[0051] S1-2. Before sowing, deep plow the soil 25-30 cm and expose it to the sun for disinfection to break the soil compaction layer, enhance air permeability and water permeability, and use ultraviolet rays to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil. At the same time, dig drainage ditches according to the planned planting area to ensure smooth drainage and avoid water accumulation that affects the growth of coix. The drainage ditch is generally 30-40 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide.

[0052] S2, seed treatment;

[0053] S2-1. Select seeds with plump grains and a germination rate of ≥85% to ensure that the seedlings emerge neatly and robustly in the field after sowing;

[0054] S2-2. Soak the seeds in 50-55℃ warm water for 6-8 hours. Stir every 1-2 hours during the soaking process to ensure that the seeds are heated evenly, soften and kill surface pathogens, and promote water absorption and germination of the seeds;

[0055] S2-3. Use a composite bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis for seed coating, where the number of effective live bacteria is ≥ 200 million / gram, to enhance stress resistance and optimize the soil microecological environment.

[0056] S3, deep plowing and fertilization;

[0057] S3-1. Deeply till the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm to improve soil structure and promote root development. At the same time, surface weeds and pest residues are buried deep in the soil to reduce the breeding and spread of pests and diseases. Deep tillage is generally performed 1-2 weeks before sowing.

[0058] S3-2. Apply 2000-2500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to provide comprehensive nutrients and improve soil aggregate structure. Organic fertilizer can be fully decomposed pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and other farmyard manure, or commercial organic fertilizer. At the same time, add 30-40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) to meet the nutrient needs of the stage. After fertilization, use a harrow again to mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly.

[0059] S4, sowing and raising seedlings;

[0060] S4-1. Use row sowing or hole sowing with a row spacing of 40-50cm and a plant spacing of 25-30cm. Control the sowing depth to 3-4cm. Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole and then cover with fine soil with a thickness of 2-3cm to ensure that each coix plant has enough growth space and nutrient supply.

[0061] S4-2. After sowing, use sprinkler irrigation equipment or drip irrigation system to maintain soil moisture at 60-70%. By installing soil moisture sensors, monitor soil moisture in real time. When the humidity is below 60%, irrigate in time; when the humidity is above 70%, reduce the amount of irrigation appropriately to avoid excessive moisture in the soil, which may cause seed rot or seedling elongation. Irrigation is generally done in the morning or evening, when water evaporation is small and water utilization rate can be effectively improved. During the seedling period, if the outside temperature is low, you can use a plastic arch shed to increase the temperature. By adjusting the size of the vents in the arch shed, the temperature can be controlled at 20-25°C. If the temperature is too high, open the vents in time to ventilate and cool down to avoid damage to the seedlings caused by high temperature.

[0062] S5. Field management;

[0063] S5-1. When the coix seedlings grow to a certain stage, remove the overcrowded, weak or poorly growing seedlings so that the remaining seedlings are evenly distributed and have sufficient growth space and nutrient supply;

[0064] S5-2. During the growth period of Job's tears, carry out 2-3 intertillages according to the soil compaction and weed growth conditions. Use a cultivator or hoe to turn the shallow soil. The intertillage depth is generally 5-8cm. Intertillage increases soil aeration, which is beneficial to the root system's absorption of nutrients and water. At the same time, it cuts off the capillaries on the soil surface, reduces water evaporation, and plays a role in moisture conservation. Weeding prevents weeds from competing with Job's tears for nutrients, water and light, and reduces The breeding grounds and hosts of pests and diseases, when Job's tears grows to a certain stage, generally around the jointing stage, the soil around the roots of the plant should be raised to form a mound with a height of 10-15cm. Mounding the roots can promote the growth of the Job's tears root system, increase the depth and range of the root system into the soil, and improve the plant's resistance to lodging. In addition, it can also protect the base of the stem to prevent infection by pathogens, and at the same time facilitate field drainage to avoid waterlogging that causes root rot.

[0065] S5-3. During the heading period of Job's tears, choose sunny and windless weather, and use a sprayer to evenly spray 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer on both sides of the leaves. Foliar fertilization can allow the fertilizer to be directly absorbed by the leaves, quickly replenish the nutrients needed by the plants, promote the reproductive growth of Job's tears, and increase the fruit set rate and grain fullness. Generally, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously. At the same time, if drought occurs, irrigate in time, keep the soil moist, use water and fertilizer integrated technology, and implement precise irrigation and fertilization according to the water and fertilizer requirements of Job's tears in different growth stages.

[0066] S6. Pest and disease control;

[0067] S6-1. Release ladybugs to control aphids. Generally, 500-1000 ladybugs are released per acre. When diseases occur, biological agents such as matrine and polyoxin are used. Biological agents have the advantages of low toxicity, low residue, and are environmentally friendly. They can effectively control diseases and reduce the pollution of chemical pesticides to the ecological environment.

[0068] S6-2. Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to kill adult noctuid moths. Arrange them at a density of 1-2 lamps per acre. The lamps should be 1.5-2 meters above the ground. Turn them on in the evening and off in the morning. Combined with sex attractant traps, monitor the dynamics of pest populations and initiate prevention and control procedures. Place 3-5 traps per acre. When the number of noctuid pests trapped exceeds 10 for three consecutive days, take chemical control measures or increase biological control measures in a timely manner to effectively control pest damage.

[0069] S7, harvesting and storage;

[0070] S7-1. Harvest when the lower leaves of the plant turn yellow and more than 80% of the grains appear dark gray;

[0071] S7-2. After drying the seeds until the moisture content is ≤13%, store them in a low-temperature drying warehouse with a temperature ≤15°C and a humidity ≤50 to ensure the stable quality of the Job's tears rice.

[0072] Specific steps: First, you need to give priority to sandy loam or clay loam with a soil layer of 30 cm or more and good drainage performance, and at the same time control the soil pH value within the range of 5.5-7.0. The previous crop should avoid choosing gramineous crops to reduce the chance of disease and insect pests. For plots with continuous cropping obstacles, you can adopt the method of rotating green manure to improve it. Common rotation green manure crops include milk vetch, sweet potato, etc. These green manures can fix nitrogen in the air during growth and increase the nitrogen content in the soil. Their root secretions and residues can also optimize soil structure and enhance soil fertility. In addition, you can also use the method of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can also be used. The fungus can build a symbiotic body with the root system of Job's tears, strengthen the root system's ability to absorb nutrients such as phosphorus and zinc, enhance the plant's resistance to stress, improve the soil microecological environment, and promote the growth of Job's tears. Green manure sowing is usually carried out 1-2 months before sowing, and the green manure is turned over after it grows to a specific stage. When inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, according to the product instructions, the fungal agent is evenly mixed into the soil during the land preparation process, and the soil is plowed to a depth of 25-30cm. This helps to improve the soil structure and promote root development. At the same time, it can bury the weeds, pest and disease residues on the surface deep into the soil, reducing the breeding source and spread of pests and diseases. Deep plowing is generally carried out 1-2 weeks before sowing. Use ultraviolet rays to irradiate the soil to kill pathogens and insect eggs. Dig drainage ditches according to the pre-planned planting area to ensure smooth drainage and prevent water accumulation from adversely affecting the growth of coix. The depth of the drainage ditch is generally 30-40cm and the width is 20-30cm. Then select seeds with full grains and a germination rate of 85% or more to ensure that the seedlings in the field are neat and strong after sowing. Soak the seeds in warm water at 50-55℃ for 6-8 hours. During the soaking period, stir them every 1-2 hours to ensure that the seeds are heated evenly, which can not only soften the seeds, but also kill the pathogens on their surface and accelerate the water absorption and germination of the seeds. Then use the water containing withered grass sprouts to soak the seeds for 6-8 hours. Seeds are coated with a compound bacterial agent containing Bacillus spores, with an effective live bacterial count of no less than 200 million per gram, which can enhance seed resistance and optimize the soil microecological environment. Row sowing or hole sowing is then adopted, with row spacing maintained at 40-50 cm and plant spacing at 25-30 cm. The sowing depth is controlled at 3-4 cm, and 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole. The seeds are then covered with fine soil with a thickness of 2-3 cm to ensure that each coix plant has sufficient growth space and nutrient supply. After sowing, the soil moisture is maintained at 60%-70% with the help of sprinkler irrigation equipment or drip irrigation system. Soil moisture sensors are installed to monitor soil moisture in real time. When the moisture is below 60%, irrigation is carried out in a timely manner.When the humidity is higher than 70%, reduce the amount of irrigation appropriately to prevent the soil from being too wet, causing seeds to rot or seedlings to grow too long. Irrigation time is usually chosen in the morning or evening, when water evaporation is small, which can effectively improve water utilization rate. During the seedling period, if the outside temperature is low, build a plastic arch to increase the temperature. By adjusting the size of the arch vents, control the temperature at 20-25°C. If the temperature is too high, open the vents in time for ventilation and cooling to avoid damage to the seedlings caused by high temperature. When conducting field management, when the coix seedlings grow to a certain stage, remove the seedlings that are too dense, thin or poorly grown, so that the remaining seedlings are evenly distributed, and During the growth period of Job's tears, carry out 2-3 intertillages according to the soil compaction condition and weed growth situation. Use an intertillage machine or hoe to turn the shallow soil. The intertillage depth is generally 5-8cm. Intertillage can increase soil aeration, which is beneficial to the root system's absorption of nutrients and water. At the same time, it cuts off the capillaries on the surface of the soil, reduces water evaporation, and plays a role in moisture conservation. Weeding can prevent weeds from competing with Job's tears for nutrients, water and light, and reduce the places and hosts for the breeding of pests and diseases. In addition, when Job's tears grows to a certain stage, generally around the jointing stage, the soil around the roots of the plant is raised to form a mound. The height of the mound is 10-15cm, and the mound is used to cover the roots. It can promote the growth of coix root system, increase the depth and range of root system in the soil, and improve the lodging resistance of the plant. In addition, it can protect the base of the stem and prevent infection by pathogens. It is also beneficial to field drainage to avoid waterlogging and root rot. At the same time, during the heading period of coix, choose sunny and windless weather and use a sprayer to spray 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer evenly on the front and back of the leaves. Foliar fertilization can make the fertilizer directly absorbed by the leaves, quickly replenish the nutrients needed by the plants, promote the reproductive growth of coix, and increase the fruit setting rate and seed fullness. Generally, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously. In case of drought, Irrigate promptly to keep the soil moist. Use integrated water and fertilizer technology, implementing precise irrigation and fertilization according to the water and fertilizer requirements of coix seed at different growth stages. Furthermore, during the growth process, pay close attention to pest and disease conditions and take timely and effective prevention and control measures. Specific prevention and control methods should be selected based on the actual pest and disease types. Harvest when the lower leaves of the plant turn yellow and more than 80% of the kernels appear dark gray. After harvesting, air the kernels until the moisture content drops to 13% or less. Then, store them in a low-temperature drying room. The temperature should be controlled at or below 15°C, and the humidity should not exceed 50%. This ensures the stable quality of the coix seed rice.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and high-yield cultivation method for coix lachryma-jobi, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of planting site; S2, seed treatment; S3, deep plowing and fertilization; S4, sowing and raising seedlings; S5. Field management; S6. Pest and disease control; S7. Harvesting and storage.

2. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the S1 planting site includes the following specific operations: S1-1. Soil optimization and improvement: Select sandy loam or clay loam with a soil depth of ≥30 cm and good drainage, and control the soil pH to 5.5-7.

0. Avoid previous crops made from grasses to reduce pests and diseases. For plots with continuous cropping problems, use green manure rotation or inoculate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for soil improvement. S1-2. Soil disinfection and land preparation: Before sowing, deep plow the soil 25-30 cm and expose it to the sun for disinfection to break up the soil compaction layer, enhance air permeability and water permeability, and use ultraviolet rays to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil.

3. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 seed processing includes the following specific operations: S2-1. Select seeds with full grains and a germination rate of ≥85% to ensure uniform and strong seedlings in the field after sowing. The germination rate of ≥85% is required to ensure that a high proportion of seeds can germinate normally after sowing, ensuring uniform and strong seedlings in the field, laying the foundation for subsequent high-yield cultivation; S2-2. Soaking seeds in warm water: Soak the seeds in 50-55℃ warm water for 6-8 hours to soften the seed coat and kill surface pathogens, thus promoting seed absorption and germination. Warm water at an appropriate temperature can also kill pathogens and insect eggs attached to the seed surface to a certain extent, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases. S2-3. Use a composite bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis for seed coating, where the number of effective live bacteria is ≥ 200 million / g, to enhance stress resistance and optimize the soil microecological environment. In addition, other beneficial microorganisms in the composite bacterial agent may also have the functions of promoting seed germination, improving the soil microecological environment, etc., further creating favorable conditions for the growth of coix seeds.

4. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep plowing and fertilizing in S3 includes the following specific operations: S3-1. Deep tillage of the soil to a depth of 25-30cm is required to improve soil structure and promote root development. In addition, deep tillage can also bury surface weeds, pest and disease residues, etc. deep into the soil, reducing the breeding and spread of pests and diseases; S3-2. Apply base fertilizer: 2000-2500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to provide comprehensive nutrients and improve soil aggregate structure. At the same time, add 30-40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) to meet the stage-specific nutrient needs, promote the growth of stems and leaves, root development, and seed formation of Job's tears, and help improve the yield and quality of Job's tears.

5. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing and seedling raising in S4 includes the following specific operations: S4-1. Sowing can be done in rows or in holes, with a row spacing of 40-50 cm, a plant spacing of 25-30 cm, and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm. S4-2. Environmental regulation during the seedling stage: maintain soil moisture at 60-70% and temperature at 20-25°C during the seedling stage to promote seed germination and healthy growth of seedlings.

6. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management in S5 includes the following specific operations: S5-1. When the coix seedlings grow to a certain stage, remove the overcrowded, weak or poorly growing seedlings to ensure that the remaining seedlings are evenly distributed and have sufficient growth space and nutrient supply to ensure that the individual plants grow healthily and the group structure is reasonable; S5-2. During the growth period of Job's tears, the shallow soil is turned to increase soil aeration, which is beneficial to the root system's absorption of nutrients and water. At the same time, intertillage can cut the capillaries in the soil surface, reduce water evaporation, and play a role in moisture conservation. Weeding prevents weeds from competing with Job's tears for nutrients, water, and light, and reduces the breeding grounds and hosts for pests and diseases. During the growth process of Job's tears, the soil around the roots of the plant is raised to form a mound. Mounding can promote the growth of the Job's tears root system, increase the depth and range of the root system in the soil, and improve the plant's resistance to lodging. In addition, it can protect the base of the stem to prevent infection by pathogens. It is also beneficial to field drainage to prevent waterlogging that causes root rot. S5-3. During the heading stage, apply 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer to promote the reproductive growth of coix, increase the fruit setting rate and grain fullness. Foliar fertilization can allow the fertilizer to be directly absorbed by the leaves, quickly replenish the nutrients needed by the plant, and avoid nutrient fixation and loss caused by soil fertilization. If drought occurs, irrigation should be carried out in time, and water and fertilizer integration technology should be adopted. According to the water and fertilizer requirements of coix in different growth stages, precise irrigation and fertilization should be implemented. In this way, water and fertilizer can be accurately supplied according to the water and nutrient requirements of coix at different growth stages, avoiding water and nutrient waste and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

7. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following green control measures are preferred in S6 pest control: S6-1. Biological control: releasing ladybugs to control aphids. When diseases occur, biological agents such as matrine and polyoxin are used. S6-2. Physical control: Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to kill adult moths, use sex attractant traps to monitor pest population dynamics and initiate control procedures.

8. The green and high-yield cultivation method of coix lachryma-jobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvesting and storage in S7 includes the following specific operations: S7-1. Harvesting standard: Harvest when the lower leaves of the plant turn yellow and more than 80% of the kernels appear dark gray; S7-2. Storage conditions: After drying the seeds until the moisture content is ≤13%, store them in a low-temperature drying warehouse with a temperature ≤15°C and a humidity ≤50 to ensure the stable quality of Job's tears rice.