All-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient driven interface dissociation and recycling method of waste heterogeneous composite materials

Abstract

The application provides a full-spectrum photothermal synergistic and microwave gradient driven waste heterogeneous composite material interface dissociation and recovery method, comprising the following steps: pretreating and online analyzing the waste heterogeneous composite material to obtain a structured data set; preparing a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer to obtain a coated particle; collecting electromagnetic-optical properties of the structured data and the coated particle to obtain physical field data and an optimal process parameter set; using a preheating system to perform overall preheating operation on the coated particle to obtain a photothermal activated intermediate; performing deep penetration microwave and synchronous photothermal coupling heating to obtain an interface weakening body; performing interface dissociation to obtain dissociation products; based on the dissociation products, performing airflow separation, corona-electrostatic separation and metal purification to obtain multi-flow high-purity resources. The application greatly improves interface dissociation efficiency, dissociation component purity and resource output quality, and realizes low-carbon, intelligent, accurate and efficient recovery of waste heterogeneous composite materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of resource recycling and waste treatment technology, and in particular to a method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient. Background Technology

[0002] Heterogeneous composite materials refer to materials composed of two or more materials with different physical / chemical properties and structures, such as metal-plastic, ceramic-polymer, and multilayer films, which exhibit a clear phase interface on a macroscopic scale. Separating these tightly bonded materials, especially by decomposing or peeling off the interfaces in the composite structure, allows for the efficient and pure recycling of each component, achieving resource regeneration and reducing negative environmental impacts.

[0003] Existing dissociation technologies suffer from the following limitations: 1) Traditional mechanical crushing: High interfacial bonding strength makes precise component separation difficult and can easily cause secondary pollution. 2) Pyrolysis: Requires high temperatures (>500℃), consumes a lot of energy, and can easily lead to the pyrolysis failure of polymer materials. 3) Chemical solvent methods: Poor selectivity, low reactivity to specific interfaces, and can easily generate toxic waste liquids. 4) Photothermal or microwave technologies: Photothermal technology usually relies on a single wavelength, has low energy utilization, and is difficult to penetrate complex structures. Microwave heating has a weak effect on non-polar materials and can easily cause local overheating, leading to material degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the interface dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials using full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient driving, which significantly improves the interface dissociation efficiency, the purity of dissociated components, and the quality of resource output, thereby achieving low-carbon, intelligent, precise, and efficient recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient, comprising:

[0006] Waste heterogeneous composite materials were obtained, pretreated, and analyzed online to obtain a structured dataset.

[0007] A photothermal sol with a core-shell structure was prepared, and electrostatic spraying and multi-segment low-temperature baking curing were performed on the photothermal sol to prepare a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer, resulting in coated particles.

[0008] The structured data and the electromagnetic-optical properties of the coated particles are collected to obtain physical field data. Based on the physical field data, physical field coupling simulation and AI model training are performed to obtain the optimal set of process parameters.

[0009] The coated particles are preheated as a whole using a preheating system to achieve the surface plasma activation effect of black phosphorus quantum dots and obtain a photothermal activation intermediate.

[0010] Based on the aforementioned photothermal activation intermediate, deep-penetrating microwave and synchronous photothermal coupling heating are performed, and real-time monitoring is conducted to determine whether the binder interface is weakened. If so, an interface-weakened body is obtained.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned interface weakened body, a simultaneous interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle are performed to achieve interface dissociation. AI-PID-reinforcement learning is used for interface monitoring and interface peeling determination to complete the gradient coupling heating operation and obtain the dissociation product.

[0012] Based on the dissociation products, airflow separation, corona-electrostatic separation, and metal purification are performed to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources.

[0013] Optionally, waste heterogeneous composite materials are obtained, pretreated, and analyzed online to obtain a structured dataset, including:

[0014] Based on the obtained waste heterogeneous composite material, a double-toothed roller shearing device is used for shearing and crushing, a turbine impact mill and an air classifier module are used for secondary impact crushing, and then a vibrating fluidized bed and an online microwave moisture meter are used for hot air coupled drying to obtain waste material.

[0015] Based on the waste material, multimodal data is obtained by simultaneous acquisition using an X-ray fluorescence probe and a hyperspectral NIR probe. The multimodal data is then intelligently analyzed using an instant classification model based on a convolutional neural network to obtain a structured dataset.

[0016] The structured dataset includes the ratio of polar to nonpolar components, the total metal content and classification, and the types and distribution of adhesives.

[0017] Optionally, a photothermal sol with a core-shell structure is prepared, and electrostatic spraying and multi-segment low-temperature baking curing are performed based on the photothermal sol to obtain coated particles, including:

[0018] In an argon glove box, black phosphorus and methylpyrrolidone solution were mixed at a ratio of 1:10 and pulsed for 2 hours using a 600W ultrasonic instrument. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 8000rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected and 0.1 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to obtain black phosphorus quantum dots.

[0019] Ti3AlC2MAX phase was used as raw material, and the aluminum layer was etched with hydrofluoric acid to obtain Ti3C2Tx. Ti3C2Tx was dispersed in water, and tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia were added. After adjusting the pH to 9.5, the mixture was stirred to form a silica coating layer on the surface of Ti3C2Tx, resulting in Ti3C2Tx-SiO2 with a core-shell structure.

[0020] The black phosphorus quantum dots, Ti3C2Tx-SiO2 and ethanol were mixed in a ratio of 3:5:2, and 0.5wt% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to obtain a photothermal sol with a core-shell structure.

[0021] Based on the photothermal sol, electrostatic spraying is performed, and then the photothermal sol is divided into a first region, a second region and a third region for partitioned low-temperature baking and curing to prepare a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer, resulting in coated particles.

[0022] Optionally, the first region is used to remove solvent, and the low-temperature baking method of the first region is 80℃-3min;

[0023] The second region is used to enhance the crosslinking of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stabilize the shell layer. The low-temperature baking method for the second region is 120℃-7min.

[0024] The third region is used for stress relief, and the low-temperature baking method for the third region is 70℃-1min.

[0025] Optionally, the structured data and the electromagnetic-optical properties of the coated particles are collected to obtain physical field data. Based on the physical field data, physical field coupling simulation and AI model training are performed to obtain the optimal set of process parameters, including:

[0026] Based on the structured data and the coated particles, dielectric constant spectrum and optical absorption coefficient spectrum are measured to obtain original attribute parameters. The original attribute parameters are interpolated into a standard discrete grid and data planning is performed to obtain physical field data.

[0027] Based on the physical field data, electromagnetic field-optical field distribution simulation, energy deposition / heat source term mapping, and transient heat-conduction simulation are performed to obtain a digital twin model, which outputs the original parameters; the original parameters include microwave distribution, illumination distribution, microwave loss, heat source distribution, and heat flux spatiotemporal distribution.

[0028] A deep neural network is trained using the original parameters to obtain an AI model. The AI ​​model is then used to fit the overall temperature distribution and interface temperature dynamics. An optimization objective function and a multi-objective genetic algorithm based on NSGA-II reinforcement learning are set to assist the AI ​​model in searching for the optimal light intensity-microwave duration, thereby obtaining the optimal set of process parameters.

[0029] Optionally, the preheating system includes a reaction chamber and a light-microwave-temperature control assembly disposed inside the reaction chamber. The light-microwave-temperature control assembly includes a spherical concentrator array for emitting both solar and xenon lamp light sources, a coaxial array of frequency conversion microwave sources, an infrared thermal imaging array for locating abnormal areas, a microwave point thermal probe for regional temperature measurement, and an AI main control module for coordinated temperature regulation. The AI ​​main control module is implemented by combining PID algorithm and reinforcement learning algorithm.

[0030] Optionally, the coated particles are preheated as a whole to achieve the surface plasma activation effect of black phosphorus quantum dots, resulting in a photothermal activation intermediate, comprising:

[0031] The coated particles are moved into the reaction chamber, the preheating system is turned on, the spherical concentrator array is used to concentrate light across the entire spectrum, and the frequency conversion microwave source is turned off to complete the full photothermal heating operation.

[0032] The surface plasma absorption signal of black phosphorus quantum dots is monitored in real time to determine whether the preset photothermal activation target range has been reached. If so, the current process parameters are recorded and the preheating is marked as complete, the photothermal activation intermediate is obtained, and a batch report of the photothermal activation intermediate is output.

[0033] The batch report for photothermal activated intermediates includes heating curves at each point, energy consumption, changes in plasma absorption, and batch data of the materials.

[0034] Optionally, based on the photothermal activation intermediate, deep-penetrating microwave and synchronous photothermal coupling heating are performed, and real-time monitoring is conducted to determine whether the binder interface is weakened. If so, an interface-weakened body is obtained, comprising:

[0035] Based on the aforementioned photothermal activation intermediate, the preheating system is activated to provide continuous irradiation with 915 MHz deep-penetrating microwaves and full-spectrum focused light.

[0036] A temperature control target is set, and the infrared thermal imaging array and the microwave hot spot probe are used to collect temperature data streams of representative particles. The interface layer, bulk core and coating layer of the coated particles are scanned to obtain the zoned temperature field.

[0037] Based on the partitioned temperature field, characteristic peaks of infrared or Raman spectra are monitored online. When binder softening and molecular chain slippage occur, acoustic emission microarrays are used to listen to the acoustic signals of microcracks and breakpoints at the dissociation interface to determine whether the binder has gone from softening to instability. If so, the interface is weakened, resulting in an interface-weakened body.

[0038] Optionally, based on the interface weakened body, a simultaneous interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle are performed to achieve interface dissociation. AI-PID-reinforcement learning is then used for interface monitoring and interface peeling determination to complete the gradient coupling heating operation and obtain dissociation products, including:

[0039] Based on the aforementioned interface weakening body, the preheating system switches the 915 MHz deep penetration microwave mode to a 2.45 GHz high-selectivity surface stimulation mode, while simultaneously performing a 30 Hz pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle to complete the microwave frequency jump, thereby accumulating alternating stress at the interface and rapidly raising the local temperature by 150℃-200℃, instantly forming an interface-bulk phase temperature jump.

[0040] Switching the full-spectrum focusing light to 5 Hz square wave dimming and switching to a low-frequency pulse working mode to achieve photothermal synchronous pulses, generate shallow strong thermal shock, and stimulate thermal expansion-contraction cycle.

[0041] Under the conditions of interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle, the polar layer undergoes micro-physical fracture and shear dissociation, so that microcracks propagate directionally from the interface into the layer, thereby achieving dynamic control of interface dissociation.

[0042] MEMS-piezoelectric acoustic emission array is used to listen to elastic wave signals, capture interface microcracks and detachment events, and upload the sensing data to the AI ​​main control module in real time to calculate the signal quantity and initial total quantity of the unfractured interface and obtain the fracture rate.

[0043] If the pyrolysis rate is greater than 90% for 3 consecutive minutes, it is determined that the interface peeling is successful, the gradient coupling heating operation is completed, and the dissociation product is obtained.

[0044] Optionally, based on the dissociation products, airflow separation, corona-electrostatic separation, and metal purification are performed to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources, including:

[0045] The dissociation products are conveyed to the airflow sorting zone for preliminary separation by a high-frequency vibration feeding system, so that the light plastic components are conveyed to the top collector by the rising airflow, and the heavy components fall to the downstream sorting zone.

[0046] The heavy components are vibratory shaped into a single-layer thin material using a pre-shaping device, and then the single-layer thin material is separated into metal and ceramic by high-voltage corona charging, rotating drum pushing, and electrostatic force difference.

[0047] By using magnetic separation and eddy current separation systems, residual ferromagnetism in metals is removed to improve metal purity and obtain purified metal streams.

[0048] Using XRF profile analysis and density gradient, the purity of lightweight plastic components, purified metal streams, and ceramics is detected, and it is determined whether the purity is lower than the preset threshold. If so, the components are re-sorted to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources including high-purity metals, high-purity plastics, and high-purity ceramics.

[0049] This invention discloses the following technical effects by providing a method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials using full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient driving:

[0050] 1. Intelligent pretreatment of waste heterogeneous composite materials: This method integrates physical treatment methods such as shearing, impact milling, and airflow drying with synchronous acquisition of hyperspectral NIR / XRF data and intelligent data analysis based on CNN models. This enables efficient, accurate, and automated pretreatment and composition analysis of waste materials, and rapidly obtains structured datasets. This provides quantitative basis for subsequent process parameter optimization and recycling strategies, breaking through the bottleneck of existing reliance on manual experience and lagging analysis.

[0051] 2. High conversion efficiency of core-shell structured photothermal sol: By proposing a special sol that combines black phosphorus quantum dots with core-shell MAX phase photothermal materials, a full-spectrum high-efficiency photothermal conversion layer is obtained through electrostatic spraying and three-stage low-temperature baking. This enables the covering material to absorb the full spectrum and achieve high stability and synergistic energy conversion, providing ideal materials for subsequent light-microwave-thermal composite heating, and improving processing energy efficiency and material adaptability.

[0052] 3. Optimal Process Parameter Extraction: By collecting multi-mode physical properties and integrating AI deep learning and multi-objective genetic algorithms into a digital twin model, the optimal process solution is searched. This enables rapid simulation and intelligent optimization of the linkage between material properties, process, and dissociation behavior, ensuring that optimal parameters can be found for each batch of materials to adapt to variations. This significantly improves the personalization and intelligence of the process, substantially reduces energy consumption and material loss, and makes recycling methods greener and more refined.

[0053] 4. Strong Adaptability: By employing full-spectrum focusing, dynamic temperature control, and AI-PID control, plasma activation of the black phosphorus surface is achieved, which can be flexibly matched with subsequent microwave-photothermal coupling. This enables efficient surface energy excitation, uniform preheating, and reduces local overheating and material damage. Intelligent monitoring effectively ensures batch consistency and process controllability. It significantly improves the energy response and selectivity of the interface.

[0054] 5. Gradient-coupled heating enhances dissociation efficiency: By utilizing 915MHz deep-penetrating microwaves combined with full-spectrum photothermal technology, along with infrared / Raman monitoring and acoustic emission arrays to determine interface softening and microcrack initiation, large-volume through-heating and surface-oriented heating can be achieved simultaneously. Multi-mode monitoring intelligently identifies the interface state, maximizing the accuracy and safety of dissociation. This overcomes the technical bottlenecks of traditional heat treatment, such as overheating leading to carbonization and difficulty in effective dissociation, enabling the effective separation of complex interfaces.

[0055] 6. High dissociation purity: By employing microwave frequency pulse jumps and a full-spectrum pulse synchronization mode, a rapid interface-bulk phase temperature difference is created. Combined with AI and MEMS acoustic closed-loop monitoring, the dissociation rate is dynamically controlled. This makes dissociation more precise, controllable, and efficient, avoiding runaway and waste caused by local material inhomogeneity. Real-time feedback control of the process significantly improves safety and dissociation purity.

[0056] 7. High-efficiency purification and sorting, efficient resource utilization: By introducing multi-effect airflow, corona-electrostatic-magnetic separation, and density gradient composite sorting, combined with XRF, it achieves automatic high-purity output of multiple streams and autonomous circulation sorting. It can efficiently and accurately direct the three major components of metals, plastics, and ceramics to high-purity applications, while closed-loop detection prevents abnormal purity of the output stream. This ensures the value and sustainability of the recovered materials.

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the interface dissociation process provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dissociation and purification process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials using full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient driving, characterized by comprising:

[0065] Step 1: Obtain waste heterogeneous composite materials, preprocess and analyze them online to obtain a structured dataset. Specifically, this includes:

[0066] 1.1 Based on the obtained waste heterogeneous composite material, a double-toothed roller shearing device is used for shearing and crushing, a turbine impact mill and an air classifier module are used for secondary impact crushing, and then a vibrating fluidized bed and an online microwave moisture meter are used for hot air coupled drying to obtain waste material.

[0067] Double-toothed roller shearing device: feed ≤300 mm, shearing speed about 18 rpm, gap set 10 mm, coarse crushing to 20~30 mm, improving downstream processing efficiency.

[0068] Vibrating fluidized bed: Input hot air at 0.5 MPa, dynamic control of bed temperature ≤80 ℃.

[0069] Online microwave moisture meter: multi-point measurement, automatic linkage of hot air temperature and flow rate to ensure dynamic and constant particle moisture content <0.5 wt%.

[0070] Drying time: <20 min, to avoid premature heat loss or component volatilization of the material due to high temperature.

[0071] 1.2 Based on the waste material, multimodal data is obtained by synchronously acquiring X-ray fluorescence probe and hyperspectral NIR probe. The multimodal data is then intelligently analyzed using an instant classification model based on convolutional neural network to obtain a structured dataset.

[0072] The structured dataset includes the ratio of polar to nonpolar components, the total metal content and classification, and the types and distribution of adhesives.

[0073] Step 2: Prepare a photothermal sol with a core-shell structure. Based on this photothermal sol, perform electrostatic spraying and multi-segmented low-temperature baking curing to prepare a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer, resulting in coated particles. Specifically, this includes:

[0074] 2.1 In an argon glove box, black phosphorus and methylpyrrolidone solution were mixed at a ratio of 1 mg: 10 mL and subjected to pulse treatment for 2 hours using a 600W ultrasonic instrument. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected. 0.1 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to obtain black phosphorus quantum dots.

[0075] 2.2 Using Ti3AlC2MAX phase as raw material, the aluminum layer was etched with hydrofluoric acid to obtain Ti3C2Tx. Ti3C2Tx was dispersed in water, and tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia were added. After adjusting the pH to 9.5, the mixture was stirred to form a silica coating layer on the surface of Ti3C2Tx, thus obtaining Ti3C2Tx-SiO2 with a core-shell structure.

[0076] 2.3 The black phosphorus quantum dots, Ti3C2Tx-SiO2 and ethanol were mixed in a ratio of 3:5:2, and 0.5 wt% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to obtain a photothermal sol with a core-shell structure.

[0077] 2.4 Based on the photothermal sol, electrostatic spraying is performed, and then the photothermal sol is divided into a first region, a second region and a third region for partitioned low-temperature baking and curing to prepare a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer and obtain coated particles.

[0078] The first region is used to remove solvent, and the low-temperature baking method of the first region is 80℃-3min.

[0079] The second region is used to enhance the crosslinking of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stabilize the shell. The low-temperature baking method for the second region is 120℃-7min.

[0080] The third region is used for stress relief, and the low-temperature baking method for the third region is 70℃-1min.

[0081] Step 3: Collect the structured data and the electromagnetic-optical properties of the coated particles to obtain physical field data. Based on the physical field data, perform physical field coupling simulation and AI model training to obtain the optimal set of process parameters. Specifically, this includes:

[0082] 3.1 Based on the structured data and the coated particles, the dielectric constant spectrum and the optical absorption coefficient spectrum are measured to obtain the original attribute parameters. The original attribute parameters are interpolated into a standard discrete grid to be compatible with the subsequent multi-physics modeling interface. Data planning processing is then performed to obtain physical field data.

[0083] 3.2 Based on the physical field data, electromagnetic field-light field distribution simulation, energy deposition / heat source term mapping and transient heat-conduction simulation are performed to obtain a digital twin model to output the original parameters; the original parameters include microwave distribution, illumination distribution, microwave loss, heat source distribution and heat flux spatiotemporal distribution.

[0084] 3.3 A deep neural network is trained using the original parameters to obtain an AI model. The AI ​​model is then used to fit the output of the overall temperature distribution and interface temperature dynamics. An optimization objective function and a multi-objective genetic algorithm based on NSGA-II reinforcement learning are set to assist the AI ​​model in searching for the optimal light intensity-microwave duration and obtaining the optimal set of process parameters.

[0085] Step 4, as follows Figure 2 As shown, a preheating system is used to preheat the coated particles as a whole, achieving a surface plasma activation effect on black phosphorus quantum dots to obtain a photothermal activation intermediate. Specifically, this includes:

[0086] 4.1 Preheating System

[0087] The system includes a reaction chamber and a light-microwave-temperature control assembly disposed inside the reaction chamber. The light-microwave-temperature control assembly includes a spherical concentrator array for emitting both solar and xenon lamp light sources, a coaxial array of frequency conversion microwave sources, an infrared thermal imaging array for locating abnormal areas, a microwave point thermal probe for regional temperature measurement, and an AI main control module for coordinated temperature regulation. The AI ​​main control module is implemented by combining PID and reinforcement learning algorithms, with a temperature control error ≤ ±2℃ and a dynamically controllable temperature gradient range of 50~180℃.

[0088] 4.2 The coated particles are moved into the reaction chamber, the preheating system is turned on, the full spectrum of light is focused using the spherical concentrator array, and the frequency conversion microwave source is turned off to complete the full photothermal heating operation.

[0089] 4.3 Monitor the surface plasma absorption signal of black phosphorus quantum dots in real time to determine whether the preset photothermal activation target range has been reached. If so, record the current process parameters and mark the preheating as complete, obtain the photothermal activation intermediate, and output the photothermal activation intermediate batch report.

[0090] For photothermal activation, the target range is defined as follows: plasma peak gain > 1.5, and temperature remains stable within the target range for ≥ 2 minutes. The batch report for photothermal activation intermediates includes the heating curve for each point, energy consumption, plasma absorption changes, and batch data.

[0091] Step 5, as follows Figure 2As shown, based on the photothermal activation intermediate, deep-penetrating microwave and synchronous photothermal coupling heating are performed, and real-time monitoring is conducted to determine whether the binder interface is weakened. If so, an interface-weakened body is obtained. Specifically, this includes:

[0092] 5.1 Based on the aforementioned photothermal activation intermediate, the preheating system is activated to perform continuous irradiation with 915 MHz deep-penetrating microwaves and full-spectrum focused light.

[0093] 915 MHz deep-penetrating microwave: constant output power 2 kW, duration 60 s. This frequency preferentially excites polar molecules and interface regions with high dielectric loss, realizing internal heating of the bulk phase and interface of the material.

[0094] Full-spectrum (280-2500 nm) focused light continuous irradiation: The photothermal layer continues to achieve surface heating, ensuring that the surface temperature of the particles is maintained or rises slowly, forming a three-dimensional coupling of "surface + interior" heat source distribution.

[0095] 5.2 Set the temperature control target, use the infrared thermal imaging array and the microwave hot spot probe to collect temperature data streams of representative particles, and scan the interface layer, bulk core and coating layer of the coated particles to obtain the zoned temperature field.

[0096] 5.3 Based on the aforementioned partitioned temperature field, the characteristic peaks of infrared or Raman spectra (hydroxyl, ester, C–N, etc. of epoxy resin) are monitored online. When the binder softens and molecular chain slips, the acoustic emission microarray is used to listen to the acoustic signals of the microcracks and breakpoints at the dissociation interface to determine whether the binder has gone from softening to instability. If so, the interface is weakened, and an interface-weakened body is obtained.

[0097] Step 6, as follows Figure 2 As shown, based on the interface weakened body, a simultaneous interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle are performed to achieve interface dissociation. AI-PID-reinforcement learning is used for interface monitoring and interface peeling determination to complete the gradient coupling heating operation and obtain the dissociation products. Specifically, this includes:

[0098] 6.1 Based on the aforementioned interface weakening body, the 915 MHz deep penetration microwave mode is switched to a 2.45 GHz high-selectivity surface stimulation mode through the preheating system, while a 30 Hz pulse mode with a duty cycle of 50% is performed to complete the microwave frequency jump, so that the alternating stress at the interface accumulates and the local temperature rises rapidly by 150℃-200℃, forming an instantaneous interface-bulk phase temperature jump.

[0099] A highly selective surface stimulation at 2.45 GHz targets polar coatings and interface-rich regions. The duty cycle is 50%, meaning 30 stimulations are generated every 1 second, with microwave on / off cycles of 15 ms.

[0100] 6.2 Switch the full-spectrum focusing to 5 Hz square wave dimming and switch to low-frequency pulse working mode to achieve photothermal synchronous pulse, generate shallow strong thermal shock, and stimulate thermal expansion-contraction cycle.

[0101] Switching to 5 Hz square wave dimming: alternating between high light intensity (100 ms per cycle) and low light intensity (100 ms), with a peak light intensity limit of about 3 kW / m², ensuring that the interface is in a "thermal shock-slow release-re-impact" state, stimulating thermal expansion and contraction stress.

[0102] 6.3 Under the conditions of interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle, the polar layer undergoes microscopic physical fracture and shear dissociation, so that microcracks propagate directionally from the interface into the layer, thereby achieving dynamic control of interface dissociation.

[0103] 6.4 The MEMS-piezoelectric acoustic emission array is used to listen to elastic wave signals, capture interface microcracks and detachment events, and upload the sensing data to the AI ​​main control module in real time to calculate the signal quantity and initial total quantity of the unfractured interface and obtain the fracture rate.

[0104] 6.5 Determine whether the pyrolysis rate is greater than 90% for 3 consecutive minutes. If so, the interface peeling is considered successful, the gradient coupling heating operation is completed, and the dissociation product is obtained.

[0105] Step 7, as follows Figure 3 As shown, based on the dissociation products, airflow separation, corona-electrostatic separation, and metal purification are performed to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources. Specifically, this includes:

[0106] 7.1 The dissociation products are conveyed to the airflow sorting zone for preliminary separation by a high-frequency vibration feeding system, so that the light plastic components are conveyed to the top collector by the rising airflow, and the heavy components fall to the downstream sorting zone.

[0107] Air classifier: This method separates materials of different densities and particle sizes based on the differences in air resistance and gravity experienced by material particles in an airflow. Its working principle is that when a mixture of materials enters the air classifier, the airflow generated by the fan carries lighter materials upwards or blown further away, while heavier materials fall due to gravity or accumulate nearby, thus achieving the separation of light and heavy materials.

[0108] 7.2 The heavy components are vibrated and shaped into a single-layer thin material using a pre-shaping device, and then separated into metal and ceramic by high-voltage corona charging, rotating drum pushing, and electrostatic force difference.

[0109] By using high-voltage corona discharge, rotating drum pushing the metal, and applying electrostatic force differences, metals and ceramics exhibit different motion trajectories due to their varying conductivity, ultimately achieving efficient separation. This process integrates principles of electrostatics, materials mechanics, and mechanical transmission, and is commonly used in industrial settings requiring high-purity separation.

[0110] 7.33 Magnetic separation and eddy current separation systems are used to remove residual ferromagnetism from metals to improve metal purity and obtain purified metal streams.

[0111] Magnetic separation and eddy current separation systems are a combination of two technologies that achieve material separation based on different physical principles, and are often used in fields such as resource recovery and mineral processing.

[0112] 7.4 Using XRF profile analysis and density gradient, the purity of lightweight plastic components, purified metal streams, and ceramics is detected, and it is determined whether the purity is lower than the preset threshold. If so, the components are re-sorted to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources including high-purity metals, high-purity plastics, and high-purity ceramics.

[0113] Therefore, this invention provides a method for the interface dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials using full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient drive, which significantly improves the interface dissociation efficiency, the purity of dissociated components, and the quality of resource output, thereby achieving low-carbon, intelligent, precise, and efficient recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials.

[0114] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0115] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient, characterized in that, include: Waste heterogeneous composite materials were obtained, pretreated, and analyzed online to obtain a structured dataset. A photothermal sol with a core-shell structure is prepared, and electrostatic spraying and multi-segment low-temperature baking curing are performed on the photothermal sol to prepare a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer, resulting in coated particles; including: In an argon glove box, black phosphorus and methylpyrrolidone solution were mixed at a ratio of 1:10 and pulsed for 2 hours using a 600W ultrasonic instrument. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 8000rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected and 0.1 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to obtain black phosphorus quantum dots. Ti3AlC2 MAX phase was used as raw material. The aluminum layer was etched with hydrofluoric acid to obtain Ti3C2Tx. Ti3C2Tx was dispersed in water, and tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia were added. After adjusting the pH to 9.5, the mixture was stirred to form a silica coating layer on the surface of Ti3C2Tx, resulting in Ti3C2Tx-SiO2 with a core-shell structure. The black phosphorus quantum dots, Ti3C2Tx-SiO2 and ethanol were mixed in a ratio of 3:5:2, and 0.5 wt% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to obtain a photothermal sol with a core-shell structure. Based on the photothermal sol, electrostatic spraying is performed, and then the photothermal sol is divided into a first region, a second region and a third region for partitioned low-temperature baking and curing to prepare a full-spectrum photothermal conversion layer and obtain coated particles. The structured data and the electromagnetic-optical properties of the coated particles are collected to obtain physical field data. Based on the physical field data, physical field coupling simulation and AI model training are performed to obtain the optimal set of process parameters. The coated particles are preheated as a whole using a preheating system to achieve the surface plasma activation effect of black phosphorus quantum dots and obtain a photothermal activation intermediate. Based on the aforementioned photothermal activation intermediate, deep-penetrating microwave and synchronous photothermal coupling heating are performed, and real-time monitoring is conducted to determine whether the binder interface is weakened. If so, an interface-weakened body is obtained. Based on the aforementioned interface weakened body, a simultaneous interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle are performed to achieve interface dissociation. AI-PID-reinforcement learning is used for interface monitoring and interface peeling determination to complete the gradient coupling heating operation and obtain the dissociation product. Based on the dissociation products, airflow separation, corona-electrostatic separation, and metal purification are performed to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources.

2. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Waste heterogeneous composite materials were acquired, pretreated, and analyzed online to obtain a structured dataset, including: Based on the obtained waste heterogeneous composite material, a double-toothed roller shearing device is used for shearing and crushing, a turbine impact mill and an air classifier module are used for secondary impact crushing, and then a vibrating fluidized bed and an online microwave moisture meter are used for hot air coupled drying to obtain waste material. Based on the waste material, multimodal data is obtained by synchronously acquiring X-ray fluorescence probe and hyperspectral NIR probe. Then, the multimodal data is intelligently analyzed by an instant classification model based on convolutional neural network to obtain a structured dataset. The structured dataset includes the ratio of polar to nonpolar components, the total metal content and classification, and the types and distribution of adhesives.

3. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The first region is used to remove solvent, and the low-temperature baking method of the first region is 80℃-3min; The second region is used to enhance the crosslinking of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stabilize the shell layer. The low-temperature baking method for the second region is 120℃-7min. The third region is used for stress relief, and the low-temperature baking method for the third region is 70℃-1min.

4. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The structured data and the electromagnetic-optical properties of the coated particles are collected to obtain physical field data. Based on the physical field data, physical field coupling simulation and AI model training are performed to obtain the optimal set of process parameters, including: Based on the structured data and the coated particles, dielectric constant spectrum and optical absorption coefficient spectrum are measured to obtain original attribute parameters. The original attribute parameters are interpolated into a standard discrete grid and data planning is performed to obtain physical field data. Based on the physical field data, electromagnetic field-optical field distribution simulation, energy deposition / heat source term mapping, and transient heat-conduction simulation are performed to obtain a digital twin model, which outputs the original parameters; the original parameters include microwave distribution, illumination distribution, microwave loss, heat source distribution, and heat flux spatiotemporal distribution. A deep neural network is trained using the original parameters to obtain an AI model. The AI ​​model is then used to fit the overall temperature distribution and interface temperature dynamics. An optimization objective function and a multi-objective genetic algorithm based on NSGA-II reinforcement learning are set to assist the AI ​​model in searching for the optimal light intensity-microwave duration, thereby obtaining the optimal set of process parameters.

5. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The preheating system includes a reaction chamber and a light-microwave-temperature control assembly disposed inside the reaction chamber. The light-microwave-temperature control assembly includes a spherical concentrator array for emitting both solar and xenon lamp light sources, a coaxial array of frequency conversion microwave sources, an infrared thermal imaging array for locating abnormal areas, a microwave point thermal probe for regional temperature measurement, and an AI main control module for coordinated temperature regulation. The AI ​​main control module is implemented by combining PID algorithm and reinforcement learning algorithm.

6. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The coated particles are preheated as a whole to achieve the surface plasma activation effect of black phosphorus quantum dots, resulting in a photothermal activation intermediate, comprising: The coated particles are moved into the reaction chamber, the preheating system is turned on, the spherical concentrator array is used to concentrate light across the entire spectrum, and the frequency conversion microwave source is turned off to complete the full photothermal heating operation. The surface plasma absorption signal of black phosphorus quantum dots is monitored in real time to determine whether the preset photothermal activation target range has been reached. If so, the current process parameters are recorded and the preheating is marked as complete, the photothermal activation intermediate is obtained, and a batch report of the photothermal activation intermediate is output. The batch report for photothermal activated intermediates includes heating curves at each point, energy consumption, changes in plasma absorption, and batch data of the materials.

7. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned photothermal activation intermediate, deep-penetrating microwave and synchronous photothermal coupling heating are performed, and real-time monitoring is conducted to determine whether the binder interface is weakened. If so, an interface-weakened body is obtained, comprising: Based on the aforementioned photothermal activation intermediate, the preheating system is activated to provide continuous irradiation with 915 MHz deep-penetrating microwaves and full-spectrum focused light. A temperature control target is set, and the infrared thermal imaging array and the microwave hot spot probe are used to collect temperature data streams of representative particles. The interface layer, bulk core and coating layer of the coated particles are scanned to obtain the zoned temperature field. Based on the partitioned temperature field, characteristic peaks of infrared or Raman spectra are monitored online. When binder softening and molecular chain slippage occur, acoustic emission microarrays are used to listen to the acoustic signals of microcracks and breakpoints at the dissociation interface to determine whether the binder has gone from softening to instability. If so, the interface is weakened, resulting in an interface-weakened body.

8. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned interface weakened body, a simultaneous interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle are performed to achieve interface dissociation. AI-PID-reinforcement learning is then used for interface monitoring and interface peeling determination to complete the gradient-coupled heating operation, yielding dissociation products, including: Based on the aforementioned interface weakening body, the preheating system switches the 915 MHz deep penetration microwave mode to a 2.45 GHz highly selective surface stimulation mode, while simultaneously performing a 30 Hz pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle to complete the microwave frequency jump, thereby accumulating alternating stress at the interface and rapidly raising the local temperature by 150℃-200℃, instantly forming an interface-bulk phase temperature jump. Switching the full-spectrum focusing light to 5 Hz square wave dimming and switching to a low-frequency pulse working mode to achieve photothermal synchronous pulses, generate shallow strong thermal shock, and stimulate thermal expansion-contraction cycle. Under the conditions of interface-bulk phase temperature jump and thermal expansion-contraction cycle, the polar layer undergoes micro-physical fracture and shear dissociation, so that microcracks propagate directionally from the interface into the layer, thereby achieving dynamic control of interface dissociation. MEMS-piezoelectric acoustic emission array is used to listen to elastic wave signals, capture interface microcracks and detachment events, and upload the sensing data to the AI ​​main control module in real time to calculate the signal quantity and initial total quantity of the unfractured interface and obtain the fracture rate. If the pyrolysis rate is greater than 90% for 3 consecutive minutes, it is determined that the interface peeling is successful, the gradient coupling heating operation is completed, and the dissociation product is obtained.

9. The method for interfacial dissociation and recycling of waste heterogeneous composite materials driven by full-spectrum photothermal synergy and microwave gradient as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the dissociation products, airflow separation, corona-electrostatic separation, and metal purification are performed to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources, including: The dissociation products are conveyed to the airflow sorting zone for preliminary separation by a high-frequency vibration feeding system, so that the light plastic components are conveyed to the top collector by the rising airflow, and the heavy components fall to the downstream sorting zone. The heavy components are vibratory shaped into a single-layer thin material using a pre-shaping device, and then the single-layer thin material is separated into metal and ceramic by high-voltage corona charging, rotating drum pushing, and electrostatic force difference. By using magnetic separation and eddy current separation systems, residual ferromagnetism in metals is removed to improve metal purity and obtain purified metal streams. Using XRF profile analysis and density gradient, the purity of lightweight plastic components, purified metal streams, and ceramics is detected, and it is determined whether the purity is lower than the preset threshold. If so, the components are re-sorted to obtain multi-stream high-purity resources including high-purity metals, high-purity plastics, and high-purity ceramics.

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