Microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system and method based on cell deformation image

Abstract

The invention belongs to the related technical field of micro-fluidic cell sorting, and discloses a micro-fluidic flow cell sorting system and method based on a cell deformation image, and the micro-fluidic flow cell sorting system comprises a micro-fluidic chip, the micro-fluidic chip comprises an inertia focusing structure, a cross-shaped cell stress deformation runner structure, a cross-shaped liquid drop generation structure, a liquid drop electrostatic separation structure and a liquid drop collection structure which are connected in sequence; the inertial focusing structure is used for focusing cells, so that the cells orderly enter the cross-shaped cell stress deformation runner structure; the cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure is used for enabling cells to deform through tensile shear force of fluid in a flow channel on the cells; the cross-shaped liquid drop generation structure is used for completely wrapping cells in liquid drops to form a completely closed liquid environment; the liquid drop electrostatic sorting structure is used for charging liquid drops as required, so that cell sorting is realized through a deflection electric field; and the liquid drop collecting structure is used for collecting the separated liquid drops. According to the invention, the integration level is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microfluidic cell sorting technology, and more specifically, relates to a microfluidic cell sorting system and method based on cell deformation images. Background Technology

[0002] Microfluidics technology enables precise manipulation of microfluidics within micrometer-scale channels, offering advantages such as integration, portability, and ease of high-throughput analysis. These unique advantages have rapidly made microfluidics a research hotspot in biomedicine, disease diagnosis, and drug development. In biomedicine, it is driving the development of single-cell analysis techniques. Traditional population cell measurement methods cannot identify intercellular heterogeneity, while microfluidic platforms can achieve the capture, culture, stimulation, and real-time monitoring of individual cells. In drug development, microfluidic chips are used to construct biomimetic organ-on-a-chip systems, simulating the microphysiological environment of human organs, significantly improving the efficiency and predictive accuracy of drug screening. In disease diagnosis, microfluidic-based liquid biopsy technology helps to gain a deeper understanding of cancer from different perspectives, enabling comprehensive cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring within a single chip.

[0003] Among the many research directions in microfluidics, the study of cellular mechanical properties is an important branch of single-cell microfluidic analysis. Cellular elasticity, as a core parameter for characterizing cellular mechanics, is a biophysical marker reflecting changes in cell structure and physiological state. Unlike traditional molecular markers, cellular elasticity can reflect changes in cytoskeleton remodeling and cell adhesion in real time; these mechanical properties are closely related to the pathological state of cells. For example, the metastatic ability of cancer cells is directly related to their reduced elasticity; softer cells are more prone to deformation and metastasis through blood vessel walls. The differentiation process of stem cells is accompanied by significant elastic changes. These changes in mechanical properties provide new evidence for the early diagnosis of diseases. To efficiently and accurately measure cellular elasticity, cellular elasticity microfluidics has emerged as an important branch of microfluidics technology. Currently, most research on microfluidic technologies targeting cellular elastic deformation focuses on applying different forces to cells through different flow channel structures, thereby detecting cell deformation under stress and analyzing its mechanical properties. Few studies combine cellular mechanical deformation detection with sorting to form a cell sorting system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the existing technology, the present invention provides a microfluidic flow cell sorting system and method based on cell deformation images, which aims to solve the problem of low integration of existing cell sorting systems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a microfluidic flow-based cell sorting system based on cell deformation images is provided. The sorting system includes a microfluidic chip, comprising, in sequence, an inertial focusing structure, a cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure, a cross-shaped droplet generation structure, a droplet electrostatic sorting structure, and a droplet collection structure. The inertial focusing structure focuses the cells, causing them to enter the cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure in an orderly manner. The cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure causes cell deformation through the tensile and shear forces exerted by the fluid in the channel. The cross-shaped droplet generation structure completely encapsulates the cells within droplets, forming a completely closed liquid environment. The droplet electrostatic sorting structure charges the droplets on demand, thereby achieving cell sorting through a deflection electric field. The droplet collection structure collects the sorted droplets.

[0006] Furthermore, the inertial focusing structure is wave-shaped, with one end connected to the cell suspension sample inlet through a sample inlet anti-blocking structure, and the two connectors at the other end connected to the cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure is located downstream of the inertial focusing structure, with its upper and lower inlets connected to the two outlets of the inertial focusing structure, the right outlet connected to the downstream cross-shaped droplet generating structure, and the left outlet connected to the blockage clearing port.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-shaped droplet generation structure includes a droplet generation channel, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the cross-shaped stress-deformation channel structure and the droplet electrostatic sorting structure; oil phase channels are provided on both sides of the droplet generation channel, each oil phase channel is provided with an oil phase inlet, and the two oil phase inlets are symmetrically arranged relative to the droplet generation channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the droplet electrostatic sorting structure includes a first grounding electrode, a second grounding electrode, a deflecting negative electrode, a deflecting positive electrode, and a sorting channel. One end of the sorting channel is connected to the droplet generating channel, and the other end is connected to the droplet collecting structure. The first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are symmetrically arranged at one end of the sorting channel adjacent to the droplet generating channel, and the deflecting negative electrode and the deflecting positive electrode are symmetrically arranged at the other end of the sorting channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the droplet collection structure includes two droplet collection chambers and two pressure balancing ports located between the two droplet collection chambers. One end of each of the two droplet collection chambers is connected to one of the two outlets of the droplet electrostatic sorting structure, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the droplet collection area. The two pressure balancing ports are connected to the two outlets of the droplet electrostatic sorting structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the sorting system also includes a liquid injection module and an image acquisition module. The liquid injection module includes a first injection pump and a second injection pump, which are respectively connected to the cell suspension sample inlet and the oil phase inlet. The image acquisition module includes an inverted fluorescence microscope for fixing and mounting the microfluidic chip, a programmable camera, and an image signal processing computer. The camera is connected to the image signal processing computer. The camera is used to capture images of cell deformation morphology and transmit the captured images to the image signal processing computer. The image signal processing computer is used to process the received images to obtain control signals.

[0012] Furthermore, the sorting system also includes a droplet charging and sorting module, which includes a signal generator for outputting a charging signal, a signal amplifier for amplifying the signal output by the signal generator, and a positive constant voltage source and a negative constant voltage source for providing a deflection electric field. The positive constant voltage source and the negative constant voltage source are respectively connected to the positive deflection electrode and the negative deflection electrode, so that after the droplets pass through the deflection electric field, different droplets enter different channels according to their charging needs. The signal amplifier is connected to the inlet of the cell suspension sample to realize on-demand electrostatic induction charging of the droplets. The signal generator is used to send a charging signal to the signal amplifier according to the control signal.

[0013] The present invention also provides a microfluidic cell sorting method based on cell deformation images, wherein the sorting method uses the microfluidic cell sorting system based on cell deformation images as described above for cell sorting.

[0014] In summary, compared with the prior art, the microfluidic cell sorting system and method based on cell deformation images provided by the present invention have the following advantages: 1. The sorting system provided by this invention employs a label-free sorting method. Since different cell types have varying degrees of rigidity, the cell's own deformability is used as a physical marker. Cells are classified into different types using a combination of camera-captured images and algorithmic processing, facilitating sorting in subsequent processes. This sorting system eliminates the need for additional detection equipment, reducing the overall complexity of the system and allowing for further reduction in equipment size. Furthermore, the system eliminates the need for fluorescent labeling of cells, minimizing cell damage and reducing post-processing steps, making it convenient to operate.

[0015] 2. The microfluidic chip first employs an inertial focusing structure for cell focusing, allowing cells to enter the cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure at a high flow rate, improving image recognition accuracy. Then, the cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure deforms the cells, and an external camera detects the degree of deformation to analyze cell performance. Next, a water-in-oil cross-shaped droplet generation structure completely encapsulates the cells within the droplets, creating a fully enclosed liquid environment. This prevents direct contact between the cells and the external environment, avoiding contamination and improving cell activity. Finally, based on the principle of electrostatic induction, the droplets encapsulating the cells are charged, and after passing through a deflection electric field, cell sorting and enrichment are completed. This microfluidic chip integrates cell mechanical property detection and sorting functions, providing greater possibilities for reducing the overall size of the instrument, and the large-scale production of disposable chips can significantly reduce usage costs.

[0016] 3. The fluid in the cross-shaped cell stress-deformation flow channel structure applies tensile and shear forces to the cells, causing them to deform. Since this method of applying force does not have any direct hard contact with the cells themselves, the cross-shaped cell stress-deformation flow channel structure can enable the cells to undergo significant stress deformation while maintaining cell viability, and can also achieve higher detection throughput.

[0017] 4. The sorting system based on the principle of electrostatic induction allows cells to be deflected under a deflection voltage of several hundred volts and the number of deflection droplets can be precisely controlled, further reducing the influence of the deflection electric field on cell activity and improving cell activity.

[0018] 5. The sorting system uses image recognition detection, employing a target detection and classification image processing algorithm to identify and label different types of cells and generate signals through autonomous classification.

[0019] 6. The sorting system is based on an inverted fluorescence microscope, which greatly reduces the complexity and cost of the sorting system and facilitates its widespread application. Furthermore, the sorting system can be widely used in various applications such as single-cell mechanical property analysis, disease diagnosis, and sorting and enrichment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microfluidic chip in a microfluidic flow cell sorting system based on cell deformation images provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a microfluidic cell sorting method based on cell deformation images provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a microfluidic cell sorting system based on cell deformation images.

[0021] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-cell suspension sample inlet, 2-blockage and unblocking port, 3-cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure, 4-oil phase inlet, 5-first ground electrode inlet, 6-second ground electrode inlet, 7-first deflection positive electrode inlet, 8-second deflection positive electrode inlet, 9-inertial focusing structure, 10-third ground electrode inlet, 11-fourth ground electrode inlet, 12-first deflection negative electrode inlet, 13-second deflection negative electrode inlet, 14-droplet collection area outlet, 15-balanced pressure port, 16-sample inlet anti-blocking structure, 17-first injection pump, 18-second injection pump, 19-microfluidic chip, 20-positive constant voltage source, 21-negative constant voltage source, 22-camera, 23-image signal processing computer, 24-signal generator, 25-signal amplifier. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 This invention provides a microfluidic cell sorting system based on cell deformation images. It employs an image recognition detection strategy to capture and record cell morphology in the deformed area, processes the captured image results using an algorithm, and transmits the processed signal to a signal generator 24. The signal is then amplified by a signal amplifier 25 to charge the droplets as needed. The sorting system has a simple structure, requires no additional expansion equipment, further reduces the overall size of the sorting system, and achieves good sorting results.

[0024] The sorting system includes a microfluidic chip 19 that integrates cell mechanical deformation and electrostatic induction for on-demand charging, a liquid injection module, an image acquisition module, and a cell charging and sorting module.

[0025] The microfluidic chip 19 includes an inertial focusing structure 9, a cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure 3, a cross-shaped droplet generation structure, a droplet electrostatic sorting structure, and a droplet collection structure connected in sequence. The inertial focusing structure 9 focuses the cells, allowing them to enter the cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure 3 in an orderly manner. The cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure 3 uses the tensile and shear forces exerted by the fluid in the channel to deform the cells. The cross-shaped droplet generation structure completely encapsulates the cells in droplets, forming a completely closed liquid environment, preventing direct contact between the cells and the external environment, avoiding contamination, and improving cell activity. The droplet electrostatic sorting structure charges the droplets on demand, thereby achieving cell sorting through a deflection electric field. The droplet collection structure collects the sorted droplets. The microfluidic chip 19 integrates cell detection and sorting functions, providing greater possibilities for reducing the overall size of the instrument.

[0026] The inertial focusing structure 9 is wave-shaped, with one end connected to the cell suspension sample inlet 1 via a sample inlet anti-clogging structure 16. Two connectors at the other end are connected to the cross-shaped cell stress-deformation flow channel structure 3. The sample inlet anti-clogging structure 16 is connected to the liquid injection module via a hollow steel needle and a flexible tube. During operation, the cell suspension sample inlet 1 is used for injecting the cell suspension, and the sample inlet anti-clogging structure 16 prevents impurities from clogging the flow channel.

[0027] The cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure 3 is located downstream of the inertial focusing structure 9. Its upper and lower inlets are connected to the two outlets of the inertial focusing structure 9, respectively. The right outlet is connected to the downstream cross-shaped droplet generation structure, and the left outlet is connected to the blockage and unblocking port 2. The left outlet needs to be blocked during normal operation of the microfluidic chip 19. The cells deform in the cross-shaped cell deformation channel structure 3, and this deformation is recorded by a high-speed programmable camera 22 for subsequent sorting. The tensile and shear forces exerted by the fluid in the channel cause the cells to deform at the cross-shaped cell deformation structure. This non-contact force application method minimizes cell damage and maximizes throughput.

[0028] The cross-shaped droplet generation structure includes a droplet generation channel, with its two ends connected to the cross-shaped stress-deformation channel structure and the droplet electrostatic sorting structure, respectively. Oil phase channels are provided on both sides of the droplet generation channel, each oil phase channel having an oil phase inlet 4. The two oil phase inlets 4 are symmetrically arranged relative to the droplet generation channel. The two oil phase inlets 4 are connected by two hollow steel needles to form a flexible tube. A filter micro / nano structure is provided at the inlet to prevent clogging of the droplet generation port.

[0029] The electrostatic droplet sorting structure includes a first grounding electrode, a second grounding electrode, a deflecting negative electrode, a deflecting positive electrode, and a sorting channel. One end of the sorting channel is connected to the droplet generating channel, and the other end is connected to the droplet collecting structure. The first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are symmetrically arranged at one end of the sorting channel adjacent to the droplet generating channel, and the deflecting negative electrode and the deflecting positive electrode are symmetrically arranged at the other end of the sorting channel. The first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are used to shield the deflection electric field generated by the deflecting negative electrode and the deflecting positive electrode. The end of the sorting channel adjacent to the droplet collecting structure has two outlets of equal width.

[0030] In this embodiment, the first grounding electrode is provided with a first grounding electrode injection port 5 and a second grounding electrode injection port 6 at its end, and the second grounding electrode is provided with a third grounding electrode injection port 10 and a fourth grounding electrode injection port 11 at its end; the deflection negative electrode is provided with a first deflection negative electrode injection port 12 and a second deflection negative electrode injection port 13 at its end; and the deflection positive electrode is provided with a first deflection positive electrode injection port 7 and a second deflection positive electrode injection port 8 at its end; during the fabrication of the microfluidic chip 19, the electrode is fabricated by injecting liquid metal into the injection port and waiting for the liquid metal to solidify.

[0031] The droplet collection structure includes two droplet collection chambers and two pressure balancing ports 15 located between the two droplet collection chambers. One end of each droplet collection chamber is connected to one of the two outlets of the electrostatic droplet sorting structure, and the other end is connected to the droplet collection area outlet 14. The two pressure balancing ports 15 are respectively connected to the two outlets of the electrostatic droplet sorting structure. Because the internal flow channel size of the entire chip is small, the internal pressure is relatively high. Therefore, to ensure the normal operation of the entire chip, two large openings need to be opened at the rear to balance the internal pressure.

[0032] The microfluidic chip 19 is assembled from a transparent glass plate and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by thermocompression bonding.

[0033] The liquid injection module includes a first injection pump 17 and a second injection pump 18, which are respectively connected to the cell suspension sample inlet 1 and the oil phase inlet 4.

[0034] The image acquisition module includes an inverted fluorescence microscope for fixing the microfluidic chip 19, a programmable high-speed camera 22, and an image signal processing computer 23. The camera 22 is connected to the image signal processing computer 23. The image acquisition module uses a target detection and classification image processing algorithm to identify and label different types of cells, and performs autonomous classification to generate signals. The obtained signals are then transmitted to the droplet charging and sorting module to provide power to the droplets encapsulating cells on demand.

[0035] The droplet charging and sorting module includes a signal generator 24 for outputting a charging signal, a signal amplifier 25 for amplifying the signal output by the signal generator 24, and a positive constant voltage source 20 and a negative constant voltage source 21 for providing a deflection electric field. The positive constant voltage source 20 and the negative constant voltage source 21 are respectively connected to the positive deflection electrode and the negative deflection electrode, so that after the droplets pass through the deflection electric field, different droplets enter different channels according to their charging needs. The signal amplifier 25 is connected to the cell suspension sample inlet 1 to realize on-demand electrostatic induction charging of droplets.

[0036] The sorting system employs an image recognition detection strategy, capturing and recording the morphological changes of cells in the deformable regions. The system processes the captured images using an algorithm, transmitting the processed signal to a signal generator 24. After passing through a signal amplifier 25, the signal can be used to charge the droplets as needed. Furthermore, the sorting system eliminates the need for fluorescent labeling of cells, utilizing the deformation caused by stress as a physical marker for cell sorting. This method causes minimal cell damage and produces no contamination.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sorting system is mainly based on a modified inverted fluorescence microscope, which is easy to modify and has greater versatility. The camera 22 and the microfluidic chip 19 are integrated into the fluorescence microscope, greatly reducing the size of the sorting system and making it more integrated. The camera 22 is used to collect the morphology of cell deformation under stress. The image signal processing computer 23 quickly analyzes the cell deformation images collected by the camera 22 using an internal algorithm. The signal generator 24 receives the signal generated by the image signal processing computer 23, and the charging signal output by the signal generator 24 is amplified 200 times by the signal amplifier 25 and then directly applied to the position of the cross-shaped droplet generation structure of the microfluidic chip 19, so that the water-in-oil droplets are simultaneously induced with positive charges during the generation process. The positive constant voltage source 20 and the negative constant voltage source 21 achieve a deflection electric field by setting opposite voltages, and the charged droplets are sorted by passing through the deflection electric field.

[0038] The present invention also provides a microfluidic cell sorting method based on cell deformation images, wherein the sorting method uses the microfluidic cell sorting system based on cell deformation images as described above for cell sorting.

[0039] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The sorting method mainly includes the following steps: The S100 microfluidic chip 19 is mounted on an inverted fluorescence microscope.

[0040] Specifically, the microfluidic chip 19 needs to be fixed to the moving platform of the inverted fluorescence microscope using white foam double-sided tape; then, a hollow steel needle with an outer diameter of 0.9 mm is inserted into the cell suspension sample inlet 1, oil phase inlet 4, and droplet collection area outlet 14 of the microfluidic chip 19; next, one end of the tubing is connected to the steel needle, and the other end is connected to a syringe with a filter tip; finally, the syringe is installed on the microinjection pump.

[0041] S101, turn on the device power and set the system parameters.

[0042] Specifically, it is necessary to turn on the signal generator 24, signal amplifier 25, first injection pump 17, second injection pump 18, positive constant voltage source 20 and negative constant voltage source 21, camera 22, image signal processing computer 23, etc., and set the camera 22 to be turned on and directly connected to the signal generator 24; set the amplification factor of the signal amplifier 25 to 200 times; set the injection rate of sample cell suspension and oil phase in the first injection pump 17 and the second injection pump 18; set the positive high voltage DC voltage and negative high voltage DC voltage of the positive constant voltage source 20 and the negative constant voltage source 21 to provide a stable droplet deflection electric field.

[0043] S102, inject cell suspension into sample inlet.

[0044] Specifically, the precision injection pump controlling the cell suspension syringe is turned on, allowing the sample to flow into the microfluidic chip 19.

[0045] S103 is a programmable high-speed camera that acquires cell images of deformed areas of cells.

[0046] Specifically, because the cells are subjected to tensile shear forces at the cross-flow channel due to the action of the fluid, causing them to deform, the camera 22 is used to monitor the image information of the cell deformation structure under force in the cross-flow channel in real time, and transmits it to the image signal processing computer 23 for subsequent analysis.

[0047] S104, Computer processes image information.

[0048] Specifically, the captured image signals are analyzed using the target detection and classification image processing algorithm in the image signal processing computer 23.

[0049] S105, the computer outputs a charging command to the signal generator 24.

[0050] Specifically, after the computer analyzes the image information using a pre-set algorithm, it generates a level pulse signal and outputs it to the signal generator 24 so that the droplets can be charged as needed.

[0051] S106, Signal generator 24 receives external trigger commands and outputs a charging signal.

[0052] Specifically, after receiving the sorting pulse signal output by the image processing computer, the signal generator 24 immediately outputs a charging signal to the signal amplifier 25.

[0053] S107, signal amplifier 25 amplifies the charging signal by 200 times.

[0054] Specifically, the signal amplifier 25 amplifies the signal output by the signal generator 24, and the amplified signal directly acts on the droplet charging position of the microfluidic chip 19 to complete the charging operation of the encapsulated stained cells.

[0055] S108, the corresponding droplet completes electrostatic induction charging, and flows through the deflection electric field to complete sorting.

[0056] Specifically, the droplets undergo inductive charging based on the droplet induction principle at the droplet generation location. After the droplets flow through the deflection electric field, they are deflected by electrostatic force and enter the sorting channel.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image, characterized in that: The sorting system comprises a microfluidic chip, which comprises an inertial focusing structure, a cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure, a cross-shaped droplet generation structure, a droplet electrostatic sorting structure and a droplet collection structure connected in sequence; the inertial focusing structure is used for focusing cells so that the cells enter the cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure in order; the cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure is used for deforming cells by the tensile shear force of the fluid in the flow channel; the cross-shaped droplet generation structure is used for completely wrapping the cells in droplets to form a completely closed liquid environment; the droplet electrostatic sorting structure is used for charging the droplets on demand, and then realizing the sorting of the cells through the deflection electric field; and the droplet collection structure is used for collecting the sorted droplets.

2. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 1, wherein: The inertial focusing structure is in a wave shape, one end of which is connected to a cell suspension sample inlet through a sample inlet anti-blocking structure, and two connecting heads at the other end are connected to the cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure.

3. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 2, wherein: The cross-shaped cell stress deformation flow channel structure is located downstream of the inertial focusing structure, and the upper and lower input ports thereof are connected to the two outlets of the inertial focusing structure; the right outlet is connected to the cross-shaped droplet generation structure downstream; and the left outlet is connected to a blockage clearing port.

4. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 3, wherein: The cross-shaped droplet generation structure comprises a droplet generation flow channel, two ends of which are connected to the cross-shaped stress deformation flow channel structure and the droplet electrostatic sorting structure respectively; and oil phase channels are arranged on both sides of the droplet generation flow channel, and each oil phase channel is provided with an oil phase inlet, and the two oil phase inlets are symmetrically arranged relative to the droplet generation flow channel.

5. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 4, wherein: The droplet electrostatic sorting structure comprises a first grounding electrode, a second grounding electrode, a deflection negative electrode, a deflection positive electrode and a sorting flow channel; one end of the sorting flow channel is connected to the droplet generation flow channel, and the other end is connected to the droplet collection structure; the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are symmetrically arranged at one end of the sorting flow channel adjacent to the droplet generation flow channel; and the deflection negative electrode and the deflection positive electrode are symmetrically arranged at the other end of the sorting flow channel.

6. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 5, wherein: The droplet collection structure comprises two droplet collection cavities and two balanced pressure ports between the two droplet collection cavities; one end of each of the two droplet collection cavities is connected to an outlet of the droplet electrostatic sorting structure, and the other end is connected to a droplet collection area outlet; and the two balanced pressure ports are connected to the two outlets of the droplet electrostatic sorting structure respectively.

7. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 6, wherein: The sorting system further comprises a liquid sample injection module and an image acquisition module, the liquid sample injection module comprises a first syringe pump and a second syringe pump, the first syringe pump and the second syringe pump are connected to the cell suspension sample inlet and the oil phase inlet respectively; the image acquisition module comprises an inverted fluorescence microscope for fixedly installing the microfluidic chip, a programmable camera and an image signal processing computer, the camera is connected to the image signal processing computer; the camera is used for shooting the image of cell deformation morphology and transmitting the shot image to the image signal processing computer; the image signal processing computer is used for obtaining a control signal according to processing the received image.

8. The microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image of claim 7, wherein: The sorting system further comprises a droplet charging sorting module, the droplet charging sorting module comprises a signal generator for outputting a charging signal, a signal amplifier for amplifying the signal output by the signal generator, a positive constant voltage source and a negative constant voltage source for providing a deflection electric field; the positive constant voltage source and the negative constant voltage source are connected to the deflection positive electrode and the deflection negative electrode respectively, so that different droplets enter different channels according to the charging requirement after passing through the deflection electric field; the signal amplifier is connected to the cell suspension sample inlet to realize electrostatic induction on-demand charging of the droplets; the signal generator is used for sending a charging signal to the signal amplifier according to the control signal.

9. A microfluidic flow cytometry sorting method based on cell deformation images, characterized by: The sorting method is carried out by using the microfluidic flow cytometry sorting system based on cell deformation image according to any one of claims 1-8.

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