Method and system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer through straw dry fermentation and co-producing biogas

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer through straw dry fermentation and co-producing biogas, and relates to the technical field of straw treatment. The method comprises the following steps: treating straws by laser etching, plasma and ionic liquid, pretreating by combining microwave and terahertz radiation, screening and modifying strains, preparing a microbial agent by using a composite culture medium, a micro-fluidic reactor and a photobioreactor, adding nano mineral substances and a composite binder when raw materials are blended, fermenting by adopting a bionic fermentation tank, and intelligently controlling temperature and ventilating; the biogas is purified and detected by an advanced technology, and the organic fertilizer is prepared by a special process. The straw is efficiently treated, the fermentation efficiency is improved, the biogas yield is greatly increased, and the high-quality bio-organic fertilizer is produced; the advantages of environmental protection, energy production and soil improvement are integrated, straw resource utilization is achieved, and multiple economic, social and environmental benefits are brought.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of straw fermentation, in particular to a method and system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and co-producing biogas by dry-type straw fermentation. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the effective treatment and comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste has become a pressing issue. Straw, a major waste product of agricultural production, is produced in enormous quantities. According to statistics, my country produces hundreds of millions of tons of straw annually. However, most straw is currently handled in a crude manner, such as direct burning or careless disposal. Straw burning not only causes severe air pollution, generating large amounts of pollutants such as smoke, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, which harm human health, but is also prone to fires, threatening life and property. Careless disposal of straw consumes significant land resources, leading to soil contamination and water eutrophication.

[0003] On the other hand, the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in traditional agricultural production has led to increasingly prominent problems such as declining soil fertility, soil compaction, and ecological degradation. Furthermore, with the continuous growth of energy demand, the search for renewable, clean energy has become a research hotspot in the energy sector. Biogas, as a clean, renewable energy source, offers advantages such as high combustion efficiency and low pollution. Bio-organic fertilizers can improve soil structure and fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0004] At present, the technology of preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas by straw fermentation has been developed to a certain extent, but there are still many shortcomings. The existing straw pretreatment method has limited effect and is difficult to effectively destroy the lignocellulose structure of straw, resulting in low fermentation efficiency and long fermentation cycle. The performance of fermentation bacteria is not stable enough and has poor adaptability to complex environments, which affects the biogas output and the quality of bio-organic fertilizer. Moreover, the existing fermentation system and method also have a lot of room for improvement in terms of energy efficiency, product quality control, etc. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a method and system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable straw dry fermentation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a method and system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and co-producing biogas by dry fermentation of straw to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw, comprising:

[0007] Straw pretreatment steps: Use laser etching technology to etch micro-nanoscale pore structures on the surface of the straw. Combined with plasma treatment, use low-temperature plasma particles to bombard the straw to destroy the molecular structure of lignocellulose. The straw is placed in a mixed solution composed of ionic liquid and water. The ionic liquid forms hydrogen bonds with the lignin in the straw and reacts at 50-60℃ for 1-2 hours. According to formula V 液 =m 秸 ×ρ 秸 ×α controls the amount of mixed solution, where V 液 is the volume of the mixed solution, m 秸 is the straw mass, ρ 秸 is the density of straw, α is the mass ratio coefficient of solution required for reaction to straw, and the straw is dried by microwave radiation. The radiation energy is controlled by the formula E=Pt, where E is the microwave radiation energy, P is the microwave power, and t is the radiation time;

[0008] The steps for preparing the fermentation agent are as follows: active cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens are screened out; gene editing technology is used to genetically modify the screened strains to enhance their ability to decompose components in straw and adapt to the fermentation environment; the strains are cultured in a composite culture medium with waste biomass hydrolysate as the main carbon source and a mixture of microbial peptone and amino acids as the nitrogen source; the proportions and flow rates of various nutrients in the culture medium are controlled by microfluidic chip technology, and a photobioreactor is used to culture the strains under light for 3-5 days to promote the growth and metabolism of the strains.

[0009] Furthermore, the method further includes the following steps:

[0010] The fermentation raw material preparation steps are as follows: pre-treated straw and humic acid-containing municipal sludge are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1-6:1, and a fermentation agent is added at a mass of 1%-1.5% of the total mass of the raw materials; at the same time, a nano-processed mineral additive is added in an amount of 0.1%-0.3% of the total mass of the raw materials to promote the enzyme activity and fermentation reaction of the microorganisms; an electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion technology are used to uniformly mix the raw materials, the agent and the additive; according to the formula M 水 =(M 总 ×H 目 -M 秸 ×H 秸 -M 泥 ×H 泥 ) / (1-H 目 ) calculate and add water, where M 水 is the mass of water to be added, M 总 is the total mass of the mixed raw materials, H 目 is the target moisture content, M 秸 is the straw mass, H 秸 is the initial moisture content of straw, M泥 is the quality of municipal sludge, H 泥 The initial moisture content of municipal sludge is set to make the moisture content of the mixed raw materials reach 50%-60%;

[0011] Dry fermentation steps: The prepared raw materials are placed in a fermentation tank with temperature and humidity control and gas circulation functions; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 52-54°C using a built-in infrared heating device and semiconductor cooling chip, and the heat demand is calculated using the formula Q=mcΔT, where Q is the heat required to maintain the fermentation temperature, m is the mass of the fermentation raw materials, c is the specific heat capacity of the raw materials, and ΔT is the temperature change; pulse ventilation is adopted, 3-4 times every 12 hours, each ventilation lasting 8-12 minutes, and the ventilation volume and pressure are controlled by air flow sensors and pressure sensors. At the same time, the raw materials are regularly stirred using a combination of magnetic stirring and mechanical stirring. During the fermentation process, a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is introduced into the fermentation tank to adjust the fermentation environment;

[0012] Biogas collection steps: A self-cleaning biogas collection pipeline is installed on top of the fermentation tank. The pipeline is coated with a super-hydrophobic nanomaterial to prevent moisture and impurities in the biogas from adhering to it. The collected biogas first passes through a pretreatment device based on molecular sieve adsorption and membrane separation coupling technology to remove most impurities and moisture. It then passes through an electrochemical desulfurization device, which uses electrode reactions to convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur. A gas purity detection device based on quantum dot fluorescence sensing technology is used to monitor the biogas purity in real time.

[0013] Preparation steps for bio-organic fertilizer: After fermentation, the fermentation product is separated into solid and liquid using high-voltage pulsed electric field technology. The solid portion is processed into granules by a granulator with microencapsulation function. The microcapsules are encapsulated with plant growth promoters and slow-release nutrients. The product is then dried by far-infrared radiation at 60-70°C for 3-5 hours to reduce the moisture content of the bio-organic fertilizer to 10%-15%.

[0014] Quality testing steps: The prepared bio-organic fertilizer is tested for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and heavy metal content using a combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The collected biogas is analyzed for composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and laser Raman spectrometry to test for methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and impurity types.

[0015] Fermentation process optimization steps: During the fermentation process, the temperature, pH value, oxygen concentration, and microbial activity parameters of the fermentation raw materials are monitored in real time using a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensor; when the temperature is lower than 52°C, the heating device based on the carbon nanotube electrothermal film is activated, and the formula Calculate the required heating power, where P is the power of the heating device, Q is the heat required for heating, and t is the heating time. When the pH value is lower than 6.5, adjust it by adding alkaline buffer solution through a microinjection pump. When the oxygen concentration is lower than 5%, increase the ventilation frequency using an intelligent ventilation valve. When microbial activity decreases, deliver a microbial activator through a pipeline.

[0016] Waste heat recovery step: The waste heat generated during the fermentation process is recovered through a heat exchanger made of phase change energy storage materials. The phase change energy storage materials undergo phase change when absorbing waste heat and store energy, and release energy when needed; the hot water generated is transported to the straw pretreatment stage through heat pipe technology for steam preparation or to provide heating for the fermentation workshop; through the formula Q 回收 =m 相变 ×ΔH 相变 Calculate the recovered heat, where Q 回收 is the recovered heat, m 相变 is the mass of phase change energy storage material, and ΔH is the phase change enthalpy change.

[0017] Furthermore, in the straw pretreatment step, focused ion beam etching technology is used to construct nanochannels inside the straw fibers. At the same time, ionic liquid vapor fumigation treatment is used, and terahertz radiation is used to pretreat the straw. The interaction between terahertz waves and straw molecules destroys the intermolecular forces of cellulose.

[0018] Furthermore, in the fermentation raw material preparation step, a composite binder composed of nanocellulose and microbial polysaccharides is added in an amount of 0.2%-0.5% of the total mass of the raw materials to improve the agglomeration of the raw materials and the structural stability during the fermentation process, while promoting the attachment and growth of microorganisms.

[0019] Furthermore, in the biogas collection step, high-sensitivity gas detection technology based on quantum cascade lasers is used to monitor harmful gases in the biogas in real time and remove them through purification equipment.

[0020] A system for realizing the method of preparing bio-organic fertilizer by dry fermentation of straw and co-producing biogas, comprising:

[0021] Straw pretreatment module: It consists of laser etching equipment, plasma generator, ionic liquid reactor, microwave drying device, focused ion beam etcher and terahertz radiation device; the laser etching equipment and plasma generator perform surface and structural treatment on the straw, the ionic liquid reactor performs ionic liquid treatment, the microwave drying device dries the straw, and the focused ion beam etcher and terahertz radiation device enhance the straw pretreatment effect;

[0022] Fermentation agent preparation module: includes environmental microorganism screening device, gene editing equipment, composite culture medium preparation device, microfluidic chip culture system and photobioreactor; extreme environment microorganism screening device screens strains, gene editing equipment performs genetic modification, composite culture medium preparation device prepares culture medium, microfluidic chip culture system and photobioreactor cultivate fermentation agents;

[0023] Fermentation raw material preparation module: equipped with an electromagnetic stirring device, ultrasonic dispersion equipment, raw material mixing tank, water adding device, mineral additive storage and addition device and composite binder adding device; the electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion equipment mix the raw materials, the water adding device adds water according to the formula, and the mineral additive storage and addition device and composite binder adding device add the corresponding additives;

[0024] Dry fermentation module: It consists of a fermentation tank with a bionic honeycomb structure, a temperature control system, a pulse ventilation system, a magnetic and mechanical stirring device, and a gas mixing and conveying device. The fermentation tank provides the fermentation space, the temperature control system controls the temperature, the pulse ventilation system regulates the ventilation, the magnetic and mechanical stirring device stirs the raw materials, and the gas mixing and conveying device introduces the mixed gas to regulate the fermentation environment.

[0025] Biogas collection module: This includes a self-cleaning biogas collection pipeline, a molecular sieve and membrane separation coupling pretreatment device, an electrochemical desulfurization device, a quantum dot fluorescence sensor gas purity detection device, a quantum cascade laser-based harmful gas detection device, and an intelligent purification device. The biogas collection pipeline collects biogas, and each device sequentially performs pretreatment, desulfurization, purity detection, and harmful gas detection and purification.

[0026] Bio-organic fertilizer preparation module: It consists of a high-voltage pulse electric field solid-liquid separator, a granulator with microcapsule coating function, and a far-infrared radiation drying device; the high-voltage pulse electric field solid-liquid separator separates the fermentation products, the granulator processes the granules and performs microcapsule coating, and the far-infrared radiation drying device dries the bio-organic fertilizer;

[0027] Quality inspection module: equipped with near-infrared spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and laser Raman spectrometer to conduct quality inspection on bio-organic fertilizer and biogas.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes a fermentation process monitoring and control system; it consists of a MEMS sensor array, a data acquisition and transmission module, a controller and an actuator; the MEMS sensor array monitors the fermentation parameters in real time, and the data acquisition and transmission module transmits the data to the controller, and the controller optimizes and controls the fermentation process through the actuator based on preset parameters and sensor data.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0030] Waste heat recovery module: The module consists of a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, a heat pipe transportation system, and a hot water storage and distribution device; the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger recovers waste heat, the heat pipe transportation system transports hot water, and the hot water storage and distribution device stores and distributes hot water to achieve energy recycling.

[0031] Furthermore, the straw pretreatment module is also equipped with ionic liquid steam fumigation equipment for performing ionic liquid steam fumigation during straw pretreatment to improve the degradability of the straw.

[0032] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] In terms of straw pretreatment, the combination of multiple advanced technologies such as laser etching, plasma treatment, and ionic liquid reaction can deeply destroy the lignocellulose structure of the straw, greatly improve the degradability of the straw, provide a good foundation for subsequent fermentation, and significantly shorten the fermentation cycle.

[0034] During the preparation of fermentation agents, strains are selected from extreme environments and genetically modified, and are cultured using microfluidic chips and photobioreactors. This makes the agents highly active and adaptable, and they can efficiently decompose the complex components in straw, thereby increasing biogas production and the quality of biological organic fertilizer.

[0035] When preparing fermentation raw materials, adding nano-sized mineral additives and composite binders optimizes the performance of the fermentation raw materials, promotes the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and further improves fermentation efficiency.

[0036] The dry fermentation module utilizes a biomimetic honeycomb-structured fermentation tank and intelligent temperature control and ventilation technologies, providing an ideal fermentation environment and improving fermentation efficiency and stability. The biogas collection module utilizes advanced purification and detection technologies to ensure the high purity and safety of the biogas. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation module employs high-voltage pulsed electric field separation and microencapsulation granulation technologies, ensuring the long-lasting fertility and growth-promoting properties of the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0037] In addition, the system features fermentation process monitoring and control, as well as waste heat recovery. Real-time monitoring and optimized control of the fermentation process ensure efficient fermentation. Waste heat recovery enables energy recycling and reduces production costs. This patented technology achieves efficient and comprehensive utilization of straw, reducing environmental pollution while producing clean energy and high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, resulting in significant economic, social, and environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the straw dry fermentation system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production proposed by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw proposed in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the curve of biogas production changing with time during the process of preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw proposed in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the fertility of the dry fermentation of straw to prepare bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production of bio-organic fertilizer with traditional chemical fertilizers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Reference Figure 1-4A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw comprises the following steps:

[0046] Straw pretreatment steps: Use laser etching technology to etch micro-nanoscale pore structures on the surface of the straw. At the same time, combined with plasma treatment, use high-energy particles of low-temperature plasma to bombard the straw to further destroy the molecular structure of lignocellulose. Subsequently, the straw is placed in a mixed solution composed of ionic liquid and water. The ionic liquid forms hydrogen bonds with the lignin in the straw and reacts at 50-60℃ for 1-2 hours. According to formula V 液 =m 秸 ×ρ 秸 ×α(where V 液 is the volume of the mixed solution, m 秸 is the straw mass, ρ 秸 is the straw density, α is the mass ratio coefficient of the solution required for the reaction to the straw), and the amount of the mixed solution is accurately controlled to enhance the accessibility of the straw for subsequent fermentation. Afterwards, the straw is dried by microwave radiation, and the radiation energy is accurately controlled by the formula E=Pt (where E is the microwave radiation energy, P is the microwave power, and t is the radiation time), so as to reduce the moisture content of the straw to 10%-15%, while further enhancing its structural transformation effect. When using laser etching technology, the etching parameters must be accurately set to avoid excessive etching that damages the overall structure of the straw. Plasma treatment requires control of particle energy and bombardment time to prevent excessive damage. In the ionic liquid reaction, the reaction temperature and time are strictly controlled, and the amount of mixed solution is accurately calculated according to the formula, while paying attention to the sealing and corrosion resistance of the reaction vessel. During microwave radiation drying, the radiation energy is accurately regulated according to the formula, and the moisture content of the straw is monitored in real time to avoid insufficient or excessive drying.

[0047] Preparation steps for fermentation agents: Highly active cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens are screened from extreme environments (such as high-temperature composting and deep-sea hydrothermal areas). Gene editing technology is used to genetically modify the selected strains to enhance their ability to decompose complex components in straw and adapt to the fermentation environment. The culture is expanded in a composite culture medium with waste biomass hydrolysate as the main carbon source and a mixture of microbial peptone and amino acids as the nitrogen source. Microfluidic chip technology is used to precisely control the proportion and flow rate of various nutrients in the culture medium. At the same time, a photobioreactor is used to culture for 3-5 days under a specific wavelength of light (wavelength range of 400-500nm) to promote the growth and metabolism of the strains and obtain a fermentation agent with high activity and stable performance. When screening strains from extreme environments, sample collection and preservation must be done properly to ensure the activity of the strains. The gene editing process follows strict technical specifications and safety guidelines to prevent genetic contamination. When expanding the culture in composite culture medium, the nutrient ratio and flow rate must be precisely controlled. For photobioreactor culture, the wavelength and duration of illumination must be stable. At the same time, the culture environment must be sterilized and monitored to prevent contamination by foreign bacteria.

[0048] Fermentation raw material preparation steps: pre-treated straw and humic acid-rich municipal sludge are mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1-6:1, and fermentation agents are added at a mass of 1%-1.5% of the total mass of the raw materials. At the same time, nano-processed mineral additives (such as nano-calcium carbonate, nano-iron oxide) are added at an amount of 0.1%-0.3% of the total mass of the raw materials to promote the enzyme activity and fermentation reaction of the microorganisms. Use electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion technology to ensure that the raw materials, bacteria and additives are fully mixed. According to formula M 水 =(M 总 ×H 目 -M 秸 ×H 秸 -M 泥 ×H 泥 ) / (1-H 目 )(where M 水 is the mass of water to be added, M 总 is the total mass of the mixed raw materials, H 目 is the target moisture content, M 秸 is the straw mass, H 秸 is the initial moisture content of straw, M 泥 is the quality of municipal sludge, H 泥 Accurately calculate and add water (based on the initial moisture content of municipal sludge) to bring the mixed raw material moisture content to 50%-60%. When mixing straw and municipal sludge, strictly adhere to the mass ratio to ensure uniformity. Accurately control the amount of fermentation agents and mineral additives. Utilize electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic dispersion technology to ensure thorough mixing. Pay attention to the equipment's operating status to avoid malfunctions. When calculating the amount of water to be added, accurately measure the mass and moisture content of each raw material and strictly follow the formula to ensure the mixed raw material moisture content meets the standard.

[0049] Dry fermentation steps: The prepared raw materials are placed in a fermentation tank equipped with intelligent temperature and humidity control and gas circulation functions. The interior of the fermentation tank adopts a bionic honeycomb structure design to increase the contact area between the raw materials and microorganisms, improving fermentation efficiency. The fermentation temperature is precisely controlled at 52-54°C by a built-in infrared heating device and a semiconductor cooling chip. The heat requirement is calculated using the formula Q = mcΔT (where Q is the heat required to maintain the fermentation temperature, m is the mass of the fermentation raw materials, c is the specific heat capacity of the raw materials, and ΔT is the temperature change). Pulsed ventilation is used, with ventilation 3-4 times every 12 hours, each time for 8-12 minutes. The ventilation volume and pressure are precisely controlled by air flow sensors and pressure sensors. At the same time, a combination of magnetic stirring and mechanical stirring is used to regularly stir the raw materials to promote uniform fermentation. In addition, during the fermentation process, an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide and hydrogen mixture (volume ratio of 3:1-5:1) is introduced into the fermentation tank to regulate the fermentation environment and promote the growth of methanogens and biogas production.

[0050] Biogas Collection: A self-cleaning biogas collection pipeline is installed at the top of the fermentation tank. The pipeline is coated with a super-hydrophobic nanomaterial to prevent the adhesion of moisture and impurities in the biogas. The collected biogas first passes through a pretreatment device based on a coupled molecular sieve adsorption and membrane separation technology to remove most impurities and moisture. It then passes through an electrochemical desulfurization device, which uses electrode reactions to convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur, bringing the biogas purity to over 98%. A gas purity detection device based on quantum dot fluorescence sensing technology monitors biogas purity in real time to ensure quality.

[0051] Preparation steps for bio-organic fertilizer: After fermentation, high-voltage pulsed electric field technology is used to separate the fermentation products into solids and liquids to improve separation efficiency and effectiveness. The solid portion is processed into granules using a granulator with microencapsulation capabilities. The microcapsules contain plant growth promoters (such as auxins and cytokinins) and slow-release nutrients (such as coated urea and ammonium polyphosphate). The product is then dried using far-infrared radiation at 60-70°C for 3-5 hours to reduce the moisture content of the bio-organic fertilizer to 10%-15%, resulting in a finished bio-organic fertilizer with long-lasting fertility and growth-promoting properties.

[0052] Quality Testing: Prepared bio-organic fertilizers are rapidly and accurately tested for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, as well as organic matter and heavy metal content, using a combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to ensure compliance with relevant standards. Collected biogas is analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and laser Raman spectroscopy to detect the content of gases like methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, as well as the types of impurities, to ensure quality.

[0053] The present invention also includes:

[0054] Fermentation process optimization steps: During the fermentation process, the temperature, pH value, oxygen concentration, microbial activity and other parameters of the fermentation raw materials are monitored in real time using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors. When the temperature is lower than 52°C, the heating device based on the carbon nanotube electrothermal film is activated, and the formula (where P is the power of the heating device, Q is the heat required for heating, and t is the heating time) calculate the required heating power; when the pH value is lower than 6.5, add an appropriate amount of alkaline buffer solution (such as a mixed solution of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate) through a microinjection pump for adjustment; when the oxygen concentration is lower than 5%, increase the ventilation frequency using an intelligent ventilation valve; when microbial activity decreases, deliver an appropriate amount of microbial activator (such as coenzymes, vitamins) through a pipeline to optimize the fermentation environment and improve fermentation efficiency and product quality.

[0055] Waste heat recovery step: The waste heat generated during the fermentation process is recovered through a heat exchanger made of phase change energy storage material. The phase change energy storage material undergoes phase change when absorbing waste heat and stores energy, and releases energy when needed. The generated hot water is transported to the straw pretreatment stage through heat pipe technology for steam preparation or to provide heating for the fermentation workshop. 回收 =m 相变 ×ΔH 相变 (where Q 回收 is the recovered heat, m 相变 is the mass of phase change energy storage material, ΔH is the phase change enthalpy change) to calculate the recovered heat, achieve efficient recycling of energy and reduce production costs.

[0056] In the present invention, during the straw pretreatment step, focused ion beam etching is used to construct nanochannels within the straw fibers. Simultaneously, ionic liquid vapor fumigation is used to further enhance the straw's biodegradability. Subsequently, the straw is pretreated using terahertz radiation. The interaction between the terahertz waves and the straw molecules disrupts the intermolecular forces of the lignocellulose, improving subsequent fermentation efficiency.

[0057] In the present invention, during the fermentation raw material preparation step, a composite binder composed of nanocellulose and microbial polysaccharides is added in an amount of 0.2%-0.5% of the total mass of the raw materials to improve the agglomeration of the raw materials and the structural stability during the fermentation process, while promoting the attachment and growth of microorganisms.

[0058] In the present invention, during the biogas collection step, a high-sensitivity gas detection technology based on quantum cascade laser is used to monitor trace harmful gases (such as silane and phosphine) in the biogas in real time, and remove them in time through an intelligent purification device to ensure the high quality and safety of the biogas.

[0059] The present invention also discloses a system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw, which includes the following modules:

[0060] Straw pretreatment module: Consists of a laser etching device, a plasma generator, an ionic liquid reactor, a microwave drying device, a focused ion beam etcher, and a terahertz radiation device. The laser etching device and plasma generator perform surface and structural treatment on the straw, the ionic liquid reactor performs ionic liquid treatment, the microwave drying device dries the straw, and the focused ion beam etcher and terahertz radiation device further enhance the straw pretreatment effect. When operating the laser etching device and plasma generator, strictly follow safety procedures and wear protective equipment to prevent laser and plasma injuries. The ionic liquid reactor must be cleaned and inspected before and after use to ensure there is no liquid residue and equipment damage. The microwave drying device must control the drying time and power to avoid overdrying or burning of the straw. During operation, the focused ion beam etcher and terahertz radiation device must be monitored to prevent overheating and other problems that may affect the pretreatment effect.

[0061] The fermentation agent preparation module includes an extreme environment microbial screening device, gene editing equipment, a composite culture medium preparation device, a microfluidic chip culture system, and a photobioreactor. The extreme environment microbial screening device screens strains, the gene editing equipment performs genetic modification, the composite culture medium preparation device prepares culture medium, and the microfluidic chip culture system and photobioreactor cultivate the fermentation agent. When screening strains using the extreme environment microbial screening device, the accuracy and stability of the screening environment must be ensured to avoid contamination by foreign bacteria. The operation of the gene editing equipment must be performed by professionals, strictly following the operating procedures to prevent gene editing errors. When preparing culture medium using the composite culture medium preparation device, the ratio of each component must be precisely controlled. The microfluidic chip culture system and photobioreactor must be sterilized before use, and environmental parameters must be monitored during the cultivation process to ensure the quality of the fermentation agent.

[0062] Fermentation raw material preparation module: equipped with an electromagnetic stirring device, ultrasonic dispersion equipment, a raw material mixing tank, a water adding device, a mineral additive storage and addition device, and a composite binder adding device. The electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion equipment mix the raw materials, the water adding device adds water according to the formula, and the mineral additive storage and addition device and the composite binder adding device add the corresponding additives. When the electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion equipment are in operation, it is necessary to prevent the raw materials from splashing, and regularly check the stirring and dispersion effects of the equipment. The water adding device must accurately add water according to the formula to avoid too much or too little water affecting the fermentation. The mineral additive storage and addition device and the composite binder adding device must pay attention to the storage conditions of the additives to prevent deterioration, and the accuracy of the added amount must be ensured when adding.

[0063] Dry fermentation module: It consists of a fermentation tank with a bionic honeycomb structure, an intelligent temperature control system, a pulse ventilation system, a magnetic and mechanical stirring device, and a gas mixing and conveying device. The fermentation tank provides fermentation space, the intelligent temperature control system controls the temperature, the pulse ventilation system adjusts ventilation, the magnetic and mechanical stirring device stirs the raw materials, and the gas mixing and conveying device introduces mixed gas to regulate the fermentation environment. Before using the fermentation tank, check the integrity of its bionic honeycomb structure to avoid affecting the fermentation space and effect. The intelligent temperature control system should be calibrated regularly to ensure accurate temperature control. The pulse ventilation system must ensure that the ventilation ducts are unobstructed to prevent blockages that affect the ventilation effect. When stirring with the magnetic and mechanical stirring devices, pay attention to the stirring strength and uniformity to avoid damage to the fermentation tank. When the gas mixing and conveying device introduces the mixed gas, control the gas ratio and flow rate.

[0064] Biogas collection module: This includes a self-cleaning biogas collection pipeline, a molecular sieve and membrane separation coupled pretreatment device, an electrochemical desulfurization device, a quantum dot fluorescence sensor gas purity detection device, a quantum cascade laser-based hazardous gas detection device, and an intelligent purification device. The biogas collection pipeline collects biogas, and each device sequentially performs pretreatment, desulfurization, purity detection, and hazardous gas detection and purification. The biogas collection pipeline must undergo regular maintenance and inspection of its self-cleaning function to ensure unobstructed flow. During operation, the molecular sieve and membrane separation coupled pretreatment device and the electrochemical desulfurization device must monitor equipment parameters such as pressure and temperature. The quantum dot fluorescence sensor gas purity detection device and the quantum cascade laser-based hazardous gas detection device must be regularly calibrated to ensure detection accuracy. The purification materials in the intelligent purification device must be promptly replaced to ensure effective purification.

[0065] Bio-organic fertilizer preparation module: Consists of a high-voltage pulsed electric field solid-liquid separation device, a granulator with microcapsule coating function, and a far-infrared radiation drying device. The high-voltage pulsed electric field solid-liquid separation device separates the fermentation products, the granulator processes the granules and applies microcapsules, and the far-infrared radiation drying device dries the bio-organic fertilizer. When using the high-voltage pulsed electric field solid-liquid separation device, the electric field parameters must be controlled to prevent excessive damage to the fermentation products. When processing granules in the granulator with microcapsule coating function, the uniformity and integrity of the microcapsule coating must be ensured. When drying the bio-organic fertilizer with the far-infrared radiation drying device, the drying temperature and time must be controlled to avoid damage to the quality of the organic fertilizer.

[0066] Quality Inspection Module: Equipped with near-infrared spectrometers, X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, gas chromatography-mass spectrometers, laser Raman spectrometers, and other equipment, this module conducts comprehensive quality testing of bio-organic fertilizers and biogas. These instruments, such as near-infrared spectrometers and X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, must be calibrated and debugged before use to ensure accurate test data. During testing, sample collection and analysis must follow standard operating procedures. Test results must be scientifically recorded and analyzed to promptly identify quality issues with bio-organic fertilizers and biogas.

[0067] The present invention also includes a fermentation process monitoring and control system. The system consists of a MEMS sensor array, a data acquisition and transmission module, an intelligent controller and an actuator. The MEMS sensor array monitors the fermentation parameters in real time, and the data acquisition and transmission module transmits the data to the intelligent controller. The intelligent controller optimizes and controls the fermentation process through the actuator (such as a heating device, ventilation equipment, dosing device, etc.) according to the preset parameters and sensor data. When the fermentation process monitoring and control system is in operation, attention should be paid to the maintenance of the MEMS sensor array and regular calibration should be performed to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring parameters. The installation positions of different sensors should be reasonable to avoid mutual interference. During data transmission, the stability of the data acquisition and transmission module should be guaranteed to prevent signal loss or error. The preset parameters of the intelligent controller need to be accurately set according to the actual conditions such as fermentation raw materials and processes, and the operation of the actuator should be checked regularly to ensure that it can accurately respond to control instructions.

[0068] The present invention also includes:

[0069] Waste heat recovery module: This module consists of a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, a heat pipe delivery system, and a hot water storage and distribution device. The phase-change energy storage heat exchanger recovers waste heat, the heat pipe delivery system delivers hot water, and the hot water storage and distribution device stores and distributes hot water to achieve energy recycling. When the waste heat recovery module is working, attention should be paid to the heat exchange efficiency of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, and internal dirt should be cleaned regularly to prevent fouling from affecting the heat exchange effect. The heat pipe delivery system needs to be checked for sealing to avoid hot water leakage that causes energy waste and safety hazards. The hot water storage and distribution device should take insulation measures to reduce heat loss, and at the same time rationally plan the distribution of hot water and adjust the output according to actual needs to maximize energy utilization.

[0070] In the present invention, the straw pretreatment module is also equipped with an ionic liquid steam fumigation device for performing ionic liquid steam fumigation during straw pretreatment to further improve the biodegradability of the straw. When using the ionic liquid steam fumigation device in the straw pretreatment module, parameters such as the ionic liquid concentration, steam temperature, and fumigation time must be strictly controlled to avoid improper parameters affecting the biodegradability of the straw and even causing corrosion to the equipment. During equipment operation, attention should be paid to ventilation to prevent the accumulation of ionic liquid vapor from harming the health of operators. At the same time, regular maintenance of the equipment should be performed to ensure its stable performance.

[0071] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw, characterized in that: include: Straw pretreatment steps: Use laser etching technology to etch micro-nanoscale pore structures on the surface of the straw. Combined with plasma treatment, use low-temperature plasma particles to bombard the straw to destroy the molecular structure of lignocellulose. The straw is placed in a mixed solution composed of ionic liquid and water. The ionic liquid forms hydrogen bonds with the lignin in the straw and reacts at 50-60℃ for 1-2 hours. According to formula V 液 =m 秸 ×ρ 秸 ×α controls the amount of mixed solution, where V 液 is the volume of the mixed solution, m 秸 is the straw mass, ρ 秸 is the density of straw, α is the mass ratio coefficient of the solution required for the reaction to the straw, the straw is dried by microwave radiation, and the radiation energy is controlled by the formula E=Pt, where E is the microwave radiation energy, P is the microwave power, and t is the radiation time; The steps for preparing the fermentation agent are as follows: active cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens are screened out; gene editing technology is used to genetically modify the screened strains to enhance their ability to decompose components in straw and adapt to the fermentation environment; the strains are cultured in a composite culture medium with waste biomass hydrolysate as the main carbon source and a mixture of microbial peptone and amino acids as the nitrogen source; the proportions and flow rates of various nutrients in the culture medium are controlled by microfluidic chip technology, and a photobioreactor is used to culture the strains under light for 3-5 days to promote the growth and metabolism of the strains.

2. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The fermentation raw material preparation steps are as follows: pre-treated straw and humic acid-containing municipal sludge are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1-6:1, and a fermentation agent is added in an amount of 1%-1.5% of the total mass of the raw materials; at the same time, a nano-processed mineral additive is added in an amount of 0.1%-0.3% of the total mass of the raw materials to promote the enzyme activity and fermentation reaction of the microorganisms; an electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion technology are used to uniformly mix the raw materials, the agent and the additive; according to the formula M 水 =(M 总 ×H 目 -M 秸 ×H 秸 -M 泥 ×H 泥 ) / (1-H 目 ) calculate and add water, where M 水 is the mass of water to be added, M 总 is the total mass of the mixed raw materials, H 目 is the target moisture content, M 秸 is the straw mass, H 秸 is the initial moisture content of straw, M 泥 is the quality of municipal sludge, H 泥 The initial moisture content of municipal sludge is set to make the moisture content of the mixed raw materials reach 50%-60%; Dry fermentation steps: The prepared raw materials are placed in a fermentation tank with temperature and humidity control and gas circulation functions; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 52-54°C using a built-in infrared heating device and semiconductor cooling chip, and the heat demand is calculated using the formula Q=mcΔT, where Q is the heat required to maintain the fermentation temperature, m is the mass of the fermentation raw materials, c is the specific heat capacity of the raw materials, and ΔT is the temperature change; pulse ventilation is adopted, 3-4 times every 12 hours, each ventilation lasting 8-12 minutes, and the ventilation volume and pressure are controlled by air flow sensors and pressure sensors. At the same time, the raw materials are regularly stirred using a combination of magnetic stirring and mechanical stirring. During the fermentation process, a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is introduced into the fermentation tank to adjust the fermentation environment; Biogas collection steps: A self-cleaning biogas collection pipeline is installed on top of the fermentation tank. The pipeline is coated with a super-hydrophobic nanomaterial to prevent moisture and impurities in the biogas from adhering to it. The collected biogas first passes through a pretreatment device based on molecular sieve adsorption and membrane separation coupling technology to remove most impurities and moisture. It then passes through an electrochemical desulfurization device, which uses electrode reactions to convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur. A gas purity detection device based on quantum dot fluorescence sensing technology is used to monitor the biogas purity in real time. Preparation steps for bio-organic fertilizer: After fermentation, the fermentation product is separated into solid and liquid using high-voltage pulsed electric field technology. The solid portion is processed into granules by a granulator with microencapsulation function. The microcapsules are encapsulated with plant growth promoters and slow-release nutrients. The product is then dried by far-infrared radiation at 60-70°C for 3-5 hours to reduce the moisture content of the bio-organic fertilizer to 10%-15%. Quality testing steps: The prepared bio-organic fertilizer is tested for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and heavy metal content using a combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The collected biogas is analyzed for composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and laser Raman spectrometry to test for methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and impurity types. Fermentation process optimization steps: During the fermentation process, the temperature, pH value, oxygen concentration, and microbial activity parameters of the fermentation raw materials are monitored in real time using a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensor; when the temperature is lower than 52°C, the heating device based on the carbon nanotube electrothermal film is activated, and the formula Calculate the required heating power, where P is the power of the heating device, Q is the heat required for heating, and t is the heating time. When the pH value is lower than 6.5, adjust it by adding alkaline buffer solution through a microinjection pump. When the oxygen concentration is lower than 5%, increase the ventilation frequency using an intelligent ventilation valve. When microbial activity decreases, deliver a microbial activator through a pipeline.

3. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Waste heat recovery step: The waste heat generated during the fermentation process is recovered through a heat exchanger made of phase change energy storage materials. The phase change energy storage materials undergo phase change when absorbing waste heat and store energy, and release energy when needed; the hot water generated is transported to the straw pretreatment stage through heat pipe technology for steam preparation or to provide heating for the fermentation workshop; through the formula Q 回收 =m 相变 ×ΔH 相变 Calculate the recovered heat, where Q 回收 is the recovered heat, m 相变 is the mass of phase change energy storage material, and ΔH is the phase change enthalpy change.

4. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the straw pretreatment step, focused ion beam etching technology is used to construct nanochannels inside the straw fibers. At the same time, ionic liquid vapor fumigation treatment is used, and terahertz radiation is used to pretreat the straw. The interaction between terahertz waves and straw molecules destroys the intermolecular forces of cellulose.

5. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fermentation raw material preparation step, a composite binder composed of nanocellulose and microbial polysaccharides is added in an amount of 0.2%-0.5% of the total mass of the raw materials to improve the agglomeration of the raw materials and the structural stability during the fermentation process, while promoting the attachment and growth of microorganisms.

6. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the biogas collection step, high-sensitivity gas detection technology based on quantum cascade lasers is used to monitor harmful gases in biogas in real time and remove them through purification equipment.

7. A system for realizing the above-mentioned method of preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw, characterized in that: include: Straw pretreatment module: It consists of laser etching equipment, plasma generator, ionic liquid reactor, microwave drying device, focused ion beam etcher and terahertz radiation device; the laser etching equipment and plasma generator perform surface and structural treatment on the straw, the ionic liquid reactor performs ionic liquid treatment, the microwave drying device dries the straw, and the focused ion beam etcher and terahertz radiation device enhance the straw pretreatment effect; Fermentation agent preparation module: includes environmental microorganism screening device, gene editing equipment, composite culture medium preparation device, microfluidic chip culture system and photobioreactor; extreme environment microorganism screening device screens strains, gene editing equipment performs genetic modification, composite culture medium preparation device prepares culture medium, microfluidic chip culture system and photobioreactor cultivate fermentation agents; Fermentation raw material preparation module: equipped with an electromagnetic stirring device, ultrasonic dispersion equipment, raw material mixing tank, water adding device, mineral additive storage and addition device and composite binder adding device; the electromagnetic stirring device and ultrasonic dispersion equipment mix the raw materials, the water adding device adds water according to the formula, and the mineral additive storage and addition device and composite binder adding device add the corresponding additives; Dry fermentation module: It consists of a fermentation tank with a bionic honeycomb structure, a temperature control system, a pulse ventilation system, a magnetic and mechanical stirring device, and a gas mixing and conveying device. The fermentation tank provides the fermentation space, the temperature control system controls the temperature, the pulse ventilation system regulates the ventilation, the magnetic and mechanical stirring device stirs the raw materials, and the gas mixing and conveying device introduces the mixed gas to regulate the fermentation environment. Biogas collection module: This includes a self-cleaning biogas collection pipeline, a molecular sieve and membrane separation coupling pretreatment device, an electrochemical desulfurization device, a quantum dot fluorescence sensor gas purity detection device, a quantum cascade laser-based harmful gas detection device, and an intelligent purification device. The biogas collection pipeline collects biogas, and each device sequentially performs pretreatment, desulfurization, purity detection, and harmful gas detection and purification. Bio-organic fertilizer preparation module: It consists of a high-voltage pulse electric field solid-liquid separator, a granulator with microcapsule coating function, and a far-infrared radiation drying device; the high-voltage pulse electric field solid-liquid separator separates the fermentation products, the granulator processes the granules and performs microcapsule coating, and the far-infrared radiation drying device dries the bio-organic fertilizer; Quality inspection module: equipped with near-infrared spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and laser Raman spectrometer to conduct quality inspection on bio-organic fertilizer and biogas.

8. The system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a fermentation process monitoring and control system; it consists of a MEMS sensor array, a data acquisition and transmission module, a controller and an actuator; the MEMS sensor array monitors the fermentation parameters in real time, and the data acquisition and transmission module transmits the data to the controller. The controller optimizes and controls the fermentation process through the actuator based on preset parameters and sensor data.

9. The system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Waste heat recovery module: The module consists of a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, a heat pipe transport system, and a hot water storage and distribution device; The phase change energy storage heat exchanger recovers waste heat, the heat pipe transport system transports hot water, and the hot water storage and distribution device stores and distributes hot water to achieve energy recycling.

10. The system for preparing bio-organic fertilizer and biogas co-production by dry fermentation of straw according to claim 7, wherein the straw pretreatment module is further equipped with an ionic liquid steam fumigation device for performing ionic liquid steam fumigation during straw pretreatment to improve the degradability of the straw.

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