A protection structure for energy dissipation area of hydroelectric and hydraulic engineering

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of energy dissipation of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a water conservancy and hydropower engineering energy dissipation area protection structure, which comprises a dam, a long drainage channel with a concave cross section is connected to the bottom end of the drainage slope on the dam, a long auxiliary water channel with a concave cross section is arranged below the long drainage channel, an energy dissipation slope for throwing water flow into the air, an energy dissipation pool with a square groove shell, a row hole plate, a water collector and a monitoring water tank shell are arranged on the long drainage channel, the water flow is thrown into the air to realize primary energy dissipation through the energy dissipation slope, then the water flow falls into the energy dissipation pool and collides with the stored water in the energy dissipation pool to realize secondary energy dissipation, if the sediment accumulates at the bottom corner position of the water inlet end of the energy dissipation slope, the sediment cleaning mechanism is automatically triggered, the row hole plate sprays water flow upward to impact the sediment accumulated above, at the same time, the energy dissipation slope swings to be flat so that the sediment flows away smoothly, after the sediment cleaning is completed, the energy dissipation slope swings to be inclined again to continue energy dissipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy dissipation in water conservancy projects, in particular to a protective structure for energy dissipation areas in hydropower and water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] Energy dissipation in water conservancy projects is achieved by consuming and dispersing water flow energy to prevent or reduce scouring and damage to hydraulic structures and downstream channels. Energy dissipation methods include bottom flow energy dissipation, diversion flow energy dissipation, surface flow energy dissipation and scoop flow energy dissipation. Among them, diversion flow energy dissipation is achieved by projecting high-speed water flow into the air through the diversion nose, and using air resistance and the impact of the downstream water cushion to dissipate energy.

[0003] Water flows through the slope and is ejected to achieve flow diversion and energy dissipation. If the bottom of the slope adopts an arc design to be tangent to the ground, although the retention of sediment can be reduced, the slope with an arc design at the bottom will slow down the interception and energy dissipation of the water flow. The slope can be designed as a straight slope, but sediment is easily accumulated at the bottom corner of the slope. Raising the height of the bottom corner of the slope and gradually forming an arc base bed will also reduce the interception and energy dissipation of the water flow. It is necessary to effectively remove the sediment at the bottom corner of the straight slope. For this purpose, the present invention provides a protective structure for the energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a protective structure for the energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a protective structure for an energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project, comprising a dam, wherein the bottom end of the drainage slope on the dam is connected to a long drainage channel with a concave cross-section, a long auxiliary water channel with a concave cross-section is provided below the long drainage channel, an energy dissipation slope for projecting water into the air is provided on the long drainage channel, the energy dissipation slope is installed in a square hole opened in the long drainage channel, the energy dissipation slope comprises an interception inclined plate protruding above the long drainage channel, an arc-shaped baffle fixed at one end of the interception inclined plate, flat baffles fixed at both sides of the interception inclined plate, and a cylinder fixed at the other end of the interception inclined plate, and the cylinder of the energy dissipation slope is movably connected to a horizontal axis fixed on the long drainage channel;

[0006] The long drainage channel is penetrated by a square trough shell-shaped energy dissipation pool, which is arranged at one end of the energy dissipation slope, and the notch on the energy dissipation pool is flush with the long drainage channel. The water flow ejected in the air falls and hits the water stored in the energy dissipation pool to perform secondary energy dissipation.

[0007] A perforated plate is embedded in the upper surface of the long drainage channel. The perforated plate is arranged at the other end of the energy dissipation slope. Part of the sediment in the flowing water is retained at the bottom of the slope on the energy dissipation slope, and the sediment covers the perforated plate.

[0008] A water collector is provided on the long drainage channel, which is connected to the square cavity opened in the orifice plate, and the water supplied to the square cavity of the orifice plate will be sprayed out through the numerous water holes opened on the surface of the orifice plate;

[0009] A monitoring water tank shell is provided on one end of the energy dissipation pool away from the energy dissipation slope, and brackets are provided on both sides of the long drainage channel to support the monitoring water tank shell, leaving a water flow path between the suspended monitoring water tank shell and the long drainage channel;

[0010] A full-water brake box is provided between the long drainage channel and the long auxiliary water channel, a hard conduit is connected between the monitoring water tank shell and the box, a conversion integration is established between the energy dissipation slope and the energy dissipation pool, and a cross-frame device is provided for transmission on one side of the conversion integration. The cross-frame device transmits the water collector, and the other end of the cross-frame device transmits the box.

[0011] The conversion integration includes a gathering device installed under the energy dissipation pool, an introduction shaft with one end transmitting the gathering device, a connecting device transmitting the other end of the introduction shaft, and a spreading device that establishes a transmission between the connecting device and the energy dissipation slope. The spreading device is connected to the cross frame device in a transmission manner, and the connecting device is connected to the box.

[0012] The gathering device includes a water wheel, a plurality of L-shaped bottom pipes evenly arranged around the outside of the water wheel, a wheel and worm gear fixed vertically in the middle of the water wheel, and a wheel frame for supporting the upper shaft of the wheel and worm gear. The end of the wheel frame is fixed on the energy dissipation pool, one end of the L-shaped bottom pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the energy dissipation pool, and the other end of the L-shaped bottom pipe rotates the water wheel by spraying water to impact the blades on the water wheel. The end of the introduction shaft is engaged with the wheel and worm gear for transmission through a fixed gear.

[0013] The coupling device includes a tail shaft with one end transmitting perpendicularly to the introduction shaft, a head shaft provided with a coaxial center at the other end of the tail shaft, a coupling frame for simultaneously limiting and supporting the head shaft and the tail shaft, an L-shaped direction rod sliding through a column hole provided on the coupling frame, a waist tube gear movably sleeved on the outside of the L-shaped direction rod, and a tail gear fixed on the tail shaft. The end of the head shaft is meshed with the waist tube gear through a fixed gear, and the waist tube gear establishes a temporary meshing transmission with the tail gear through axial movement.

[0014] The dispersion device includes an end frame and a front frame fixed on the long drainage channel, a row of branch worms supported between the end frame and the front frame, a reduction shaft and a multi-control worm also supported on the front frame, and a reduction gear fixedly sleeved on the reduction shaft. The multi-control worm and the head shaft are vertically transmitted. One end of the branch worm is meshed with the helical teeth on the multi-control worm through a fixed gear. The end of the multi-control worm is meshed with the reduction gear through a fixed shaft gear. The spiral teeth arranged at the other end of the branch worm are meshed with the arc-shaped teeth arranged on the energy dissipation slope cylinder. The lap frame and the front frame are fixedly connected.

[0015] The cross frame device includes a fixed point seat fixed on the end frame, three control columns sliding through a square hole opened on the fixed point seat, a movable seat fixed on the three control columns, and a tension spring connected between the fixed point seat and the movable seat. The three control columns are provided with a rack to engage with the gear provided at the end of the reduction shaft for transmission.

[0016] The water collector includes a nozzle box that is raised and lowered in a plate hole opened on the long drainage channel, a row of lifting pipes that are fixedly connected below the nozzle box, a corresponding outlet fixed pipe that is slidably plugged into the lower end of each lifting pipe, and an L-shaped lifting frame fixed on the nozzle box. The L-shaped lifting frame is provided with an axial rod to be inserted into the V-shaped plate hole opened at one end of the three-control column. The outlet fixed pipe is fixedly connected to the fixed seat. The nozzle box collects water flow on the long drainage channel by opening a plate groove.

[0017] The water tank door comprises an outer water tank fixed below the long drainage channel, a water flipping box arranged inside the outer water tank, a C-shaped spring fixed on the inner wall of the outer water tank, a water pressure nozzle connected to the bottom of the outer water tank, a water tank door arranged on one side of the water pressure nozzle, a pressure frame fixedly connected to the water tank door, and a compression spring for pushing the water tank door to reset. One end of the hard conduit is fixedly connected to the monitoring water tank shell, and the other end of the hard conduit drains water into the flipping box. The three-control column moves the pressure frame by pushing the inclined surface arranged on the pressure frame, and the outside of the outer water tank is slidably inserted into the prismatic hole opened on the pressure frame by setting a guide frame. The water tank door comprises a back frame and a row of door arc plates fixed on the back frame, and the door arc plates block the arc plate holes opened at the bottom of the outer water tank. The end of the water tank door back frame is a rod body, and the rod body slides through the sliding hole opened on the protrusion at the bottom of the outer water tank. The compression spring is sleeved on the rod body of the water tank door back frame, and an interception plate is provided at the end of the rod body of the water tank door back frame.

[0018] Drain holes are provided on both sides of the shell at the bottom of the water-turning box, and shafts are provided at both ends of the water-turning box. The shaft of the water-turning box passes through the through hole provided on the shell of the outer water tank and extends to the outside of the outer water tank. The box device also includes a convex weight fixed on the end of the shaft of the water-turning box.

[0019] The water pressure nozzle includes a fixed nozzle tube with a top fixedly connected to an external water tank, a lifting nozzle barrel with a sliding cover at the bottom end of the fixed nozzle tube, a small spring on the outer cover of the lifting nozzle barrel, a lifting plate fixed on the upper end of the lifting nozzle barrel, and an intercepting small frame fixed on the fixed nozzle tube. The lifting nozzle barrel also slides through a circular hole opened on the intercepting small frame. The small spring is supported between the lifting plate and the intercepting small frame. A small drainage port is opened in the middle of the bottom plate of the lifting nozzle barrel. The lifting plate is fixedly connected to the L-shaped direction rod.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The water flow is ejected into the air through the energy dissipation slope to achieve primary energy dissipation, and then falls into the energy dissipation pool and collides with the water stored in the energy dissipation pool to achieve secondary energy dissipation. If there is sediment accumulated at the bottom corner of the water inlet end of the energy dissipation slope, the sediment cleaning mechanism will be automatically triggered, and the perforated plate will spray water upward to impact the sediment accumulated above. At the same time, the energy dissipation slope will swing flat to allow the sediment to flow away smoothly. After the sediment is cleaned, the energy dissipation slope will swing and tilt again to continue energy dissipation.

[0022] 2. After the energy dissipation slope swings flat, the transmission path that drives the energy dissipation slope to swing is automatically interrupted, the water collector absorbs part of the water flowing on the long drainage channel, and the absorbed water is then sprayed upward through the perforated plate. The water flow directly impacts the retained sediment so that the sediment is effectively dispersed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the long drainage channel structure.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the location of the energy dissipation slope.

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the energy dissipation slope structure.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipation pool structure.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated gear.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the joint structure.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the scattered motion tool.

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-frame device structure.

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the water collector structure.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the positions of the three control columns.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the external water tank structure.

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the water tank structure.

[0036] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the water pressure nozzle structure.

[0037] In the figure: dam 1, long drainage channel 2, long auxiliary water channel 3, energy dissipation slope 4, energy dissipation pool 5, drainage plate 6, water collector 7, monitoring water tank shell 8, box 9, hard conduit 10, conversion integration 11, cross frame device 12, collection device 13, introduction shaft 14, bridging device 15, dispersion device 16, wheel frame 17, wheel worm 18, water wheel 19, L-shaped bottom pipe 20, head shaft 21, L-shaped direction rod 22, waist cylinder gear 23, tail gear 24, tail shaft 25, bridging frame 26, down-stroke shaft 27, Down-stroke gear 28, multi-control worm 29, end frame 30, front frame 31, branch worm 32, fixed point seat 33, tension spring 34, floating seat 35, three-control column 36, nozzle box 37, lifting tube 38, outlet fixed tube 39, L-shaped lifting frame 40, external water tank 41, water tank 42, C-shaped spring 43, water pressure nozzle 44, water tank door 45, convex weight 46, pressure frame 47, compression spring 48, lifting plate 49, fixed nozzle tube 50, small spring 51, intercepting small frame 52, lifting nozzle barrel 53. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the technical solutions in the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 14 The present invention provides a technical solution: a protective structure for the energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project, comprising a dam 1, wherein the bottom end of the drainage slope on the dam 1 is connected to a long drainage channel 2 with a concave cross-section, a long auxiliary water channel 3 with a concave cross-section is provided below the long drainage channel 2, and an energy dissipation slope 4 for projecting water into the air is provided on the long drainage channel 2, the energy dissipation slope 4 is installed in a square hole opened on the long drainage channel 2, and the energy dissipation slope 4 includes an interception inclined plate protruding above the long drainage channel 2, an arc-shaped baffle fixed at one end of the interception inclined plate, flat baffles fixed at both sides of the interception inclined plate, and a cylinder fixed at the other end of the interception inclined plate, and the cylinder of the energy dissipation slope 4 is movably sleeved with a horizontal axis fixed on the long drainage channel 2;

[0040] The long drainage channel 2 is penetrated by a square trough shell-shaped energy dissipation pool 5, which is set at one end of the energy dissipation slope 4, and the notch on the energy dissipation pool 5 is flush with the long drainage channel 2. The water flow ejected in the air falls and hits the water stored in the energy dissipation pool 5 to perform secondary energy dissipation.

[0041] After the energy dissipation slope 4 is swung and laid flat, water is ejected upward from the orifice plate 6 to impact the sediment above it, and the dispersed sediment is directly carried away by the water flow.

[0042] A water collector 7 is provided on the long drainage channel 2. The water collector 7 is connected to the square cavity opened in the orifice plate 6, and the water supplied to the square cavity of the orifice plate 6 will be ejected through the numerous water holes opened on the surface of the orifice plate 6;

[0043] A monitoring water tank shell 8 is provided on one end of the energy dissipation pool 5 away from the energy dissipation slope 4, and brackets are provided on both sides of the long drainage channel 2 to support the monitoring water tank shell 8, leaving a water flow path between the suspended monitoring water tank shell 8 and the long drainage channel 2;

[0044] A full-water brake tank 9, a hard conduit 10 connected between the monitoring water tank shell 8 and the tank 9, a conversion integration 11 for transmission between the energy dissipation slope 4 and the energy dissipation pool 5, and a cross-frame device 12 for transmission on one side of the conversion integration 11 are provided between the long drainage channel 2 and the long auxiliary water channel 3. The cross-frame device 12 transmits the water collector 7, and the other end of the cross-frame device 12 transmits the tank 9.

[0045] refer to Figure 5 It is understood that the conversion integration 11 includes a gathering device 13 installed under the energy dissipation pool 5, an introduction shaft 14 that is driven by the gathering device 13 at one end, a connecting device 15 that is driven by the other end of the introduction shaft 14, and a dispersing device 16 that establishes a transmission between the connecting device 15 and the energy dissipation slope 4. The dispersing device 16 is connected to the cross frame device 12 in a transmission manner, and the connecting device 15 is connected to the box 9.

[0046] refer to Figure 6It is understood that the gathering device 13 includes a water wheel 19, a plurality of L-shaped bottom pipes 20 evenly arranged around the outside of the water wheel 19, a worm gear 18 vertically fixed in the middle of the water wheel 19, and a wheel frame 17 for supporting the upper shaft of the worm gear 18. The end of the wheel frame 17 is fixed on the energy dissipation pool 5, one end of the L-shaped bottom pipe 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 5, and the other end of the L-shaped bottom pipe 20 rotates the water wheel 19 by spraying water to impact the blades on the water wheel 19. The end of the introduction shaft 14 is engaged with the worm gear 18 through a fixed gear for transmission, and the shaft on the worm gear 18 is movably sleeved in the through hole opened in the middle of the wheel frame 17.

[0047] refer to Figure 7 It is understood that the connector 15 includes a tail shaft 25 with one end vertically transmitted to the introduction shaft 14, a head shaft 21 coaxially arranged at the other end of the tail shaft 25, a connecting frame 26 for simultaneously limiting and supporting the head shaft 21 and the tail shaft 25, an L-shaped direction rod 22 sliding through a column hole opened on the connecting frame 26, a waist tube gear 23 movably sleeved on the outside of the L-shaped direction rod 22, and a tail gear 24 fixed on the tail shaft 25. The end of the head shaft 21 is meshed with the waist tube gear 23 through a fixed gear, and the waist tube gear 23 establishes a temporary meshing transmission with the tail gear 24 through axial movement. The tail shaft 25 and the head shaft 21 are respectively movably sleeved in two through holes opened on the connecting frame 26, and the end of the tail shaft 25 is meshed with the bevel gear fixed at the end of the introduction shaft 14 through a fixed bevel gear.

[0048] refer to Figure 8 It is understood that the disperser 16 includes an end frame 30 and a front frame 31 fixed on the long drainage channel 2, a row of branch worms 32 supported between the end frame 30 and the front frame 31, a drop shaft 27 and a multi-control worm 29 supported on the front frame 31, and a drop gear 28 fixedly sleeved on the drop shaft 27. The multi-control worm 29 and the head shaft 21 are vertically driven, and one end of the branch worm 32 is meshed with the helical teeth on the multi-control worm 29 through a fixed gear. The end of the multi-control worm 29 is fixed The shaft gear is engaged with the step-down gear 28 for transmission, the spiral teeth provided at the other end of the shunt worm 32 are engaged with the arc-shaped teeth provided on the cylinder of the energy dissipation slope 4 for transmission, the lap frame 26 and the front frame 31 are fixedly connected, and the multi-control worm 29 is engaged with the bevel gear fixed at the end of the head shaft 21 through a fixed annular bevel gear. The shunt worm 32 is movably sleeved in the through hole opened on the end frame 30, and the multi-control worm 29 and the wheel frame 17 are respectively movably sleeved in different through holes opened on the front frame 31.

[0049] refer to Figure 9It is understood that the horizontal rack device 12 includes a fixed point seat 33 fixed on the end rack 30, a three-control column 36 sliding through the square hole of the fixed point seat 33, a movable seat 35 fixed on the three-control column 36, and a tension spring 34 connected between the fixed point seat 33 and the movable seat 35. The three-control column 36 is meshed and driven by the gear provided on the end of the descending shaft 27 through the rack provided thereon. After the driving force of the descending gear 28 disappears, the tension spring 34 retracts the movable seat 35 to translate the three-control column 36 back to the original position.

[0050] The water collector 7 includes a nozzle box 37 lifted in the plate hole of the long drain 2, a row of lifting pipes 38 fixed and communicated below the nozzle box 37, a guide fixed pipe 39 correspondingly slidingly inserted at the lower end of each lifting pipe 38, an L-shaped lifting frame 40 fixed on the nozzle box 37, the L-shaped lifting frame 40 is inserted into the V-shaped plate hole provided at one end of the three-control column 36 through the shaft rod provided thereon, the guide fixed pipe 39 is fixed and communicated with the fixed point seat 33, and the nozzle box 37 collects the water flow on the long drain 2 through the plate slot provided thereon.

[0051] The tank device 9 includes an outer water tank 41 fixed below the long drain 2, a turnover water tank 42 provided inside the outer water tank 41, a C-shaped spring 43 fixed on the inner wall of the outer water tank 41, a water pressure nozzle 44 connected at the bottom of the outer water tank 41, a water tank door 45 provided at one side of the water pressure nozzle 44, a pressure frame 47 fixedly connected with the water tank door 45, and a compression spring 48 for pushing the water tank door 45 back to the original position. One end of the hard pipe 10 is fixedly communicated with the monitoring sink shell 8, and the other end of the hard pipe 10 is arranged to drain water into the turnover water tank 42. The three-control column 36 moves the pressure frame 47 by pushing the inclined surface provided on the pressure frame 47. The outer water tank 41 is slidingly inserted into the prismatic hole provided on the pressure frame 47 through the guide frame provided outside the outer water tank 41. The water tank door 45 includes a back frame and a row of door arc plates fixed on the back frame, and the door arc plates block the arc plate holes provided at the bottom of the outer water tank 41. The end of the back frame of the water tank door 45 is a rod body, the rod body slidingly passes through the sliding hole provided on the protrusion at the bottom of the outer water tank 41, the compression spring 48 is sleeved on the rod body of the back frame of the water tank door 45, and the end of the rod body of the back frame of the water tank door 45 is provided with an intercepting disc.

[0052] The turnover water tank 42 is provided with a shaft body at both ends, and the shaft body of the turnover water tank 42 extends to the outside of the outer water tank 41 after passing through the through hole provided on the shell of the outer water tank 41. The tank device 9 further includes a convex weight 46 fixed at the end of the shaft body of the turnover water tank 42.

[0053] Reference Figure 12 And Figure 13It is understood that there is a missing space on one side of the top opening of the water tank 42, so that the weight of the two sides of the water tank 42 is different. As the water tank 42 is gradually filled with water, the center of gravity in the water tank 42 will gradually rise. When the center of gravity is higher than the height of the axis of the water tank 42, the water tank 42 will automatically swing toward the heavier side, so that all the water in the water tank 42 is poured out. At this time, the convex weight block 46 is in an inverted state, and then the convex weight block 46 automatically flips and resets, controlling the water tank 42 to complete the flipping, and the top opening of the water tank 42 is facing upward again. The C-shaped spring piece 43 is used to flip the water tank 42 back so that after the water in the water tank 42 is poured out, the water tank 42 can immediately flip back and reset.

[0054] The water pressure nozzle 44 includes a fixed nozzle tube 50 with a top fixedly connected to the outer water tank 41, a lifting nozzle barrel 53 with a sliding cover at the bottom end of the fixed nozzle tube 50, a small spring 51 on the outer cover of the lifting nozzle barrel 53, a lifting plate 49 fixed to the upper end of the lifting nozzle barrel 53, and an intercepting frame 52 fixed on the fixed nozzle tube 50. The lifting nozzle barrel 53 also slides through a circular hole opened on the intercepting frame 52. The small spring 51 is supported between the lifting plate 49 and the intercepting frame 52. A small drainage port is opened in the middle of the bottom plate of the lifting nozzle barrel 53. The lifting plate 49 and the L-shaped direction rod 22 are fixedly connected.

[0055] During normal drainage, water flows down the slope on the dam 1, then flows horizontally on the long drainage channel 2 with momentum, and then passes through the straight slope on the energy dissipation slope 4. The water flow is ejected and rises to achieve the first energy dissipation. Then the water falls and hits the water stored in the energy dissipation pool 5, offsetting each other to achieve the second energy dissipation. Part of the water in the energy dissipation pool 5 can fall and flow away through the long auxiliary waterway 3.

[0056] As the energy dissipation time of the flowing water increases, silt will gradually be retained at the bottom of the slope on the energy dissipation slope 4, that is, silt will gradually accumulate at the corner of the energy dissipation slope 4 and the perforated plate 6. The silt will lift the water flow, so that the water flow will be more easily ejected through the energy dissipation slope 4, and the energy dissipation effect of the water flow will decrease. In addition, the angle between the water flow being thrown up and falling down gradually increases, the arc of the water flow ejection slows down, and the landing point of the water flow gradually moves forward. In the end, the water flow will not fall into the energy dissipation pool 5, but into the monitoring water tank shell 8. The water collected in the monitoring water tank shell 8 will be transferred through the hard conduit 10 and injected into the water transfer tank 42.

[0057] The water level in the water tank 42 gradually rises. When the water volume is sufficient, the water tank 42 is turned over and a large amount of water is directly poured into the outer water tank 41. The water in the outer water tank 41 is discharged through the water pressure nozzle 44. In this process, the water pressure in the outer water tank 41 acts on the lifting nozzle barrel 53. The lifting nozzle barrel 53 overcomes the obstruction of the small spring 51 and descends. The lifting nozzle barrel 53 drives the lifting plate 49, and then drives the waist cylinder gear 23 through the L-shaped direction rod 22. After the waist cylinder gear 23 descends, it meshes with the tail gear 24, thus establishing a new transmission. The specific moving path is: part of the water in the energy dissipation pool 5 is discharged through the L-shaped bottom pipe 20, and the discharged water impacts the water wheel 19, which drives the wheel worm 18 to rotate. Next, the tail shaft 25 is driven through the introduction shaft 14, and then the head shaft 21 is driven through the waist tube gear 23, and then all the branch worms 32 are distributed and driven through the multi-control worm 29. The branch worm 32 rotates to control the swing of the energy dissipation slope 4. After swinging, the straight slope on the energy dissipation slope 4 is flush with the upper surface of the long drainage channel 2, so that the mud and sand impacted are directly discharged along the long drainage channel 2.

[0058] When the energy dissipation slope 4 is about to swing flat, the perforated plate 6 will directly spray multiple streams of water upward to impact the sediment. The specific process is: the multi-control worm 29 rotates to drive the reduction gear 28 to rotate, and then the reduction shaft 27 rotates to cause the three control columns 36 to translate, overcoming the tension of the tension spring 34 in the process. Figure 10 It is understood that the rightward movement of the three-control column 36 will cause the L-shaped lifting frame 40 to rise, and the nozzle box 37 will rise synchronously. The nozzle box 37 will gradually protrude from the upper surface of the long drainage channel 2. The water flowing on the long drainage channel 2 will flow into the nozzle box 37, and then be injected into the outlet fixed pipe 39 through the lifting pipe 38, and then be sprayed upward through the orifice plate 6.

[0059] After the energy dissipation slope 4 swings flat, the path used to drive the energy dissipation slope 4 to swing is interrupted. Specifically, the L-shaped direction rod 22 drives the waist tube gear 23 to rise, and the transmission between the waist tube gear 23 and the tail gear 24 is disconnected. The L-shaped direction rod 22 rises because the water pressure borne by the water pressure nozzle 44 disappears, and the small spring 51 rebounds to reset the lifting plate 49 and rise. The water pressure disappears because the water in the outer water tank 41 is discharged at one time. Specifically, the translation of the three control columns 36 corresponds to the energy dissipation slope 4 gradually swinging flat. When the energy dissipation slope 4 swings flat, the end of the three control columns 36 is against the pressure frame 47, and the pressure frame 47 translates to drive the water tank door 45 to expose multiple arc plate holes at the bottom of the outer water tank 41, so that the water in the outer water tank 41 is discharged at one time.

[0060] After the energy dissipation slope 4 swings and lies flat, the mud and sand between the energy dissipation slope 4 and the orifice plate 6 are washed away by the water flow, and the energy dissipation slope 4 automatically swings back and resets. The power source of the process is the pullback of the tension spring 34, and the three-control column 36 translates in the opposite direction and resets, causing the down-stroke gear 28 to reverse and reset, and then all the branch worms 32 are driven by the multi-control worm 29. The reverse rotation of the branch worm 32 causes the energy dissipation slope 4 to swing up, and finally the energy dissipation slope 4 re-establishes a straight slope on the long drainage channel 2.

[0061] Drain holes are provided on both sides of the bottom of the water-turning box 42 to cope with the impact of short-term water injection in the monitoring water tank shell 8. After the mud and sand at the corners of the energy dissipation slope 4 and the orifice plate 6 are washed away, the energy dissipation slope 4 swings back and rises again. There will be a stage when the water flow ejected through the energy dissipation slope 4 falls into the monitoring water tank shell 8 for the second time. At this time, the amount of water is small. After this small amount of water is injected into the water-turning box 42, it will slowly fall into the outer water tank 41 through the drain holes and then be discharged through the water pressure nozzle 44. This part of the trickle cannot affect the water pressure nozzle 44.

[0062] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A protective structure for the energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project, comprising a dam, wherein the bottom end of the drainage slope on the dam is connected to a long drainage channel with a concave cross-section, characterized in that: A long auxiliary water channel with a concave cross-section is provided below the long drainage channel. An energy dissipation slope for projecting water into the air is provided on the long drainage channel. The energy dissipation slope is installed in a square hole opened on the long drainage channel. The energy dissipation slope includes an interception inclined plate protruding above the long drainage channel, an arc-shaped baffle plate fixed at one end of the interception inclined plate, flat baffle plates fixed at both sides of the interception inclined plate, and a cylinder fixed at the other end of the interception inclined plate. The cylinder of the energy dissipation slope is movably connected to the horizontal axis fixed on the long drainage channel. The long drainage channel is penetrated by a square trough shell-shaped energy dissipation pool, which is arranged at one end of the energy dissipation slope, and the notch on the energy dissipation pool is flush with the long drainage channel. The water flow ejected in the air falls and hits the water stored in the energy dissipation pool to perform secondary energy dissipation. A perforated plate is embedded in the upper surface of the long drainage channel. The perforated plate is arranged at the other end of the energy dissipation slope. Part of the sediment in the flowing water is retained at the bottom of the slope on the energy dissipation slope, and the sediment covers the perforated plate. A water collector is provided on the long drainage channel, which is connected to the square cavity opened in the orifice plate, and the water supplied to the square cavity of the orifice plate will be sprayed out through the numerous water holes opened on the surface of the orifice plate; A monitoring water tank shell is provided on one end of the energy dissipation pool away from the energy dissipation slope, and brackets are provided on both sides of the long drainage channel to support the monitoring water tank shell, leaving a water flow path between the suspended monitoring water tank shell and the long drainage channel; A full-water brake tank is provided between the long drainage channel and the long auxiliary water channel, a hard conduit is connected between the monitoring water tank shell and the tank, a conversion integration is established between the energy dissipation slope and the energy dissipation pool, and a horizontal frame device is provided on one side of the conversion integration. The horizontal frame device drives the water collector, and the other end of the horizontal frame device drives the tank; The conversion integration includes a gathering device installed below the energy dissipation pool, an introduction shaft with one end driving the gathering device, a connecting device with the other end driving the introduction shaft, and a spreading device that establishes a transmission between the connecting device and the energy dissipation slope, the spreading device is connected to the cross frame device, and the connecting device is connected to the box; The driving device includes a water wheel, a plurality of L-shaped bottom tubes evenly arranged around the outside of the water wheel, a wheel worm fixed vertically in the middle of the water wheel, and a wheel frame for supporting the upper shaft of the wheel worm, the end of the wheel frame is fixed to the energy dissipation pool, one end of the L-shaped bottom tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the energy dissipation pool, and the other end of the L-shaped bottom tube rotates the water wheel by spraying water to impact the blades on the water wheel, and the end of the introduction shaft is meshed with the wheel worm through a fixed gear for transmission; The splicer comprises a tail shaft with one end perpendicularly transmitting to the introduction shaft, a head shaft coaxially arranged at the other end of the tail shaft, a splicing frame for simultaneously limiting and supporting the head shaft and the tail shaft, an L-shaped direction rod sliding through a column hole provided in the splicing frame, a waist gear movably sleeved on the outside of the L-shaped direction rod, and a tail gear fixed to the tail shaft, wherein the end of the head shaft is meshed with the waist gear through a fixed gear, and the waist gear is temporarily meshed with the tail gear through axial movement; The dispersion device includes an end frame and a front frame fixed on the long drainage channel, a row of branch worms supported between the end frame and the front frame, a reduction shaft and a multi-control worm also supported on the front frame, and a reduction gear fixedly sleeved on the reduction shaft. The multi-control worm and the head shaft are vertically transmitted, one end of the branch worm is meshed with the helical teeth on the multi-control worm through a fixed gear, the end of the multi-control worm is meshed with the reduction gear through a fixed shaft gear, the spiral teeth provided at the other end of the branch worm are meshed with the arc-shaped teeth provided on the energy dissipation slope cylinder, and the lap frame is fixedly connected to the front frame; The tank device includes an outer water tank fixed below the long drainage channel, a water turning box arranged inside the outer water tank, a C-shaped spring fixed on the inner wall of the outer water tank, and a water pressure nozzle connected to the bottom of the outer water tank. A shaft is provided at both ends of the water turning box, and the shaft of the water turning box passes through a through hole opened on the outer water tank shell and extends to the outside of the outer water tank. The water pressure nozzle includes a fixed nozzle tube with a top fixedly connected to an external water tank, a lifting nozzle barrel with a sliding cover at the bottom end of the fixed nozzle tube, a small spring on the outer cover of the lifting nozzle barrel, a lifting plate fixed on the upper end of the lifting nozzle barrel, and an intercepting small frame fixed on the fixed nozzle tube. The lifting nozzle barrel also slides through a circular hole opened on the intercepting small frame. The small spring is supported between the lifting plate and the intercepting small frame. A small drainage port is opened in the middle of the bottom plate of the lifting nozzle barrel. The lifting plate is fixedly connected to the L-shaped direction rod.

2. A protective structure for energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross frame device includes a fixed point seat fixed on the end frame, three control columns sliding through a square hole opened on the fixed point seat, a movable seat fixed on the three control columns, and a tension spring connected between the fixed point seat and the movable seat. The three control columns are provided with a row of teeth to engage with the reduction gear for transmission.

3. A protective structure for energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water collector includes a nozzle box that is raised and lowered in a plate hole opened on the long drainage channel, a row of lifting pipes that are fixedly connected below the nozzle box, a corresponding outlet fixed pipe that is slidably plugged into the lower end of each lifting pipe, and an L-shaped lifting frame fixed on the nozzle box. The L-shaped lifting frame is provided with an axial rod to be inserted into the V-shaped plate hole opened at one end of the three-control column. The outlet fixed pipe is fixedly connected to the fixed seat. The nozzle box collects water flow on the long drainage channel by opening a plate groove.

4. The protective structure for the energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project according to claim 2, characterized in that: A water tank door is provided on one side of the water pressure nozzle, a pressure frame fixedly connected to the water tank door, and a compression spring is used to push the water tank door to reset. One end of the hard conduit is fixedly connected to the monitoring water tank shell, and the other end of the hard conduit drains water into the water tank. The three control columns move the pressure frame by pushing the inclined surface provided on the pressure frame, and the outside of the outer water tank is slidably inserted into the prismatic hole opened on the pressure frame by providing a guide frame. The water tank door includes a back frame and a row of door arc plates fixed on the back frame, and the door arc plates block the arc plate holes opened at the bottom of the outer water tank. The end of the water tank door back frame is a rod body, and the rod body slides through the sliding hole opened on the protrusion at the bottom of the outer water tank. The compression spring is sleeved on the rod body of the water tank door back frame, and an interception disk is provided at the end of the rod body of the water tank door back frame.

5. The protective structure for the energy dissipation area of ​​a hydropower and water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: Drain holes are provided on both sides of the shell body at the bottom of the water-turning box, and the box device also includes a convex weight block fixed on the end of the shaft body of the water-turning box.

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