Safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of surface layer rock mass of open-pit mine slope

Abstract

The application discloses a safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of a surface layer rock mass of an open-pit mine slope, which comprises a hollow frame, slope panels installed on the left and right side outer walls of the hollow frame and inclined downward, a flow discharge groove fixed on the top end of the slope panels along the Y-axis direction, and a plurality of downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide edges installed in parallel on the upper surface of the hollow frame along the X-axis direction, wherein a V-shaped drainage groove is arranged between two adjacent downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide edges. The self-tightening heat preservation covering structure inside the hollow frame is tightly attached to the surface layer for further heat preservation by means of a ratchet wheel anti-backup lock, and rainwater and snowmelt water are guided into the flow discharge groove of the slope panels at the left and right ends of the hollow frame through the V-shaped drainage groove by the downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, until the rainwater and snowmelt water are discharged away from the surface layer of the open-pit mine slope through the flow discharge groove. While ensuring the stability of the slope structure, the reasonable guidance and discharge of the rainwater and snowmelt water are considered, so that the damage of the water pressure to the rock mass of the slope is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine slope construction, in particular to a safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of surface layer rock mass of open-pit mine slope. BACKGROUND

[0002] The freeze-thaw damage of surface layer rock mass of open-pit mine slope is a typical geological disaster in cold regions, and its essence is the physical weathering process under the repeated freeze-thaw cycle after water intrusion into rock fissures. Water seeps into the pores and joints of the rock mass through precipitation or snowmelt, and when the temperature drops below freezing point, it freezes and expands, producing a huge pressure on the rock mass structure, causing the original fissures to expand and new cracks to emerge. After the temperature rises, the ice melts, and the rock mass structure becomes loose and broken due to repeated expansion and contraction, and the mechanical strength deteriorates significantly, eventually inducing the surface layer rock mass to peel off and collapse. This damage process is particularly prominent in areas with weak rock, developed joints, or large diurnal temperature differences; the safety protection against such damage requires a comprehensive management strategy. The primary task is to cut off the water source by building a complete water interception ditch on the slope top, a drainage network on the slope surface, and an underground drainage system to minimize water penetration into the rock mass. Secondly, the anti-freezing capacity of the rock mass itself needs to be improved, and means such as shotcrete sealing, anchor rod netting, or grouting cementation are used to strengthen the surface integrity. In severe cold areas, an insulation layer can be added to inhibit the freezing depth, such as laying high-efficiency thermal insulation materials or seasonal coverings. At the same time, combined with engineering protection measures, active protection nets are set on the slope surface to intercept falling rocks, and retaining walls or lattice beam systems are built at the slope foot to enhance the overall stability;

[0003] As disclosed in the application publication No. CN119163039A, a kind of open-pit mine slope supporting structure, including steel wire rope net, two first anchor rods respectively used to fix the both ends of steel wire rope net bottom end portion, two second anchor rods respectively used to fix the both ends of steel wire rope net top end portion, first anchor rod is threadedly connected with first threaded rod, the top end of first threaded rod is provided with hook that can be detachably connected with steel wire rope net;Second anchor rod is threadedly connected with second threaded rod, the top end of second threaded rod is connected with fixed block, the same rotating rod is rotatably connected between two fixed blocks, the same winding roller is connected on rotating rod, one end of steel wire rope net is connected on winding roller, it can realize the unfolding and storage of steel wire rope net by the setting of transmission rod and winding roller, by the setting of first threaded rod and hook, when the slope rock mass structure changes, only need to change the connection position of hook and steel wire rope net, however, the above technical solution in the use process, rainwater, snowmelt water can directly pass through steel wire rope net mesh, or along the water flow path formed on the surface of steel wire, quickly lead into the shallow rock mass of slope, compared with the slope surface without protection, the net body itself becomes the "artificial fissure system" that collects and guides water, expands the range of water contacting rock mass, and the steel wire rope net needs to be suspended on the slope surface by anchor rod, there is a certain gap between the net body and the surface layer of rock mass, this gap also becomes a hidden channel for water retention and migration, in the process of repeated freezing and thawing, the low-temperature microenvironment is formed under the net body due to the shading effect, which makes the freezing front stay in the shallow layer for a long time, the water in the unfrozen area continuously migrates to the frozen zone, forming thick ice lens at the interface between the net and the rock, generating frost heaving stress far beyond the natural state, causing the rock mass to peel off in a sheet shape. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a kind of open-pit mine slope shallow layer rock mass freeze-thaw damage safety protection structure, the left and right outer walls of hollow frame are provided with steel sleeve, double-buckle type lap fitting for connecting and forming covering surface, adjacent two hollow frames are connected by using steel sleeve and double-buckle type lap fitting, after the hollow frame is covered on the shallow layer of open-pit mine slope by double-cone type penetrator, the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure inside the hollow frame is tightly attached to the surface layer by using ratchet stopper to further insulate, the upper surface of hollow frame is provided with a plurality of lower bending inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, V-shaped drainage groove is formed between adjacent two lower bending inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, rainwater, snowmelt water and the like are guided into the drainage groove of hollow frame left and right end slope panel by V-shaped drainage groove through lower bending inverted V-shaped flow guide edge, to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of surface rock mass of open-pit mine slope, comprising a hollow frame, a slope plate installed on the left and right side outer walls of the hollow frame and inclined downward, a drainage groove fixed on the top end of the slope plate along the Y-axis direction, and a plurality of downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edges installed in parallel on the upper surface of the hollow frame along the X-axis direction, a V-shaped drainage groove is arranged between two adjacent downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, a through hole is arranged on the outer wall of the drainage groove at the end of the downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edge, two symmetrical double-cone type piercers are installed on the front and rear outer walls of the hollow frame, a grid is slidingly inserted at the open position of the lower end of the hollow frame, a self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure is installed inside the hollow frame above the grid, ratchet stoppers for locking the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure are installed on both sides of the surface of the hollow frame, four steel sleeves are installed on the outer wall of the hollow frame on one side of the ratchet stopper, and double-buckle type lap connectors for connecting two of the steel sleeves are fixed on the back of the hollow frame.

[0006] Preferably, Z-shaped ribs are installed at the front and rear side positions of the bottom end of the hollow frame.

[0007] Preferably, the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure comprises four T-shaped edge seats fixed on the front and rear inner walls of the hollow frame, a square short beam fixed on the outer wall of one side of the T-shaped edge seat close to the vertical center reference surface of the hollow frame, an L-shaped base elastically installed at the lower end of the square short beam, and an axle load shell fixed on one end of the surface of the square short beam, support rollers are rotatably installed between two axle load shells in the same Y-axis direction, a heat preservation pad is installed between two support rollers in the X-axis direction, the lower surface of the heat preservation pad is in contact with the upper surface of the grid, and the ratchet stopper is installed on the other side outer wall of the T-shaped edge seat.

[0008] Preferably, a limiting spring is fixed at the lower end of the square short beam, the bottom end of the limiting spring is fixedly connected with the top end of the L-shaped base, and a semicircular connecting beam is integrally formed between two L-shaped bases in the same Y-axis direction, the lower surface of the semicircular connecting beam is in contact with the upper surface of the heat preservation pad.

[0009] Preferably, the ratchet stopper comprises an outer shell fixed on the outer wall of one side of the T-shaped edge seat through a pin column, a connecting shaft rotatably installed inside the outer shell, a ratchet single body fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting shaft, and a pawl elastically installed on one side inside the outer shell, the lower end of the pawl is in abutment with a pawl groove on the outer wall of the ratchet single body, and one end of the connecting shaft penetrates to the outside of the outer shell and is fixedly connected with one end of the support roller.

[0010] Preferably, the other end of the connecting shaft also penetrates to the outside of the shell and is fixed with an internal hexagonal shaft head, the inside of the shell is provided with a concave cavity, the top of the concave cavity is provided with a helical spring, and the lower end of the helical spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of the pawl.

[0011] Preferably, the double-buckle type lap connector comprises a lug plate fixed on the outer wall of one side of the hollow frame, a C-shaped seat fixed on both ends of the lug plate, and a U-shaped notch portion provided at the end of the C-shaped seat away from the lug plate, and a bolt assembly is mounted in the inside of the U-shaped notch portion.

[0012] Preferably, the bolt assembly comprises a bolt penetratingly mounted in the inside of the U-shaped notch portion and a nut mounted at one end of the bolt, one end of the surface of the bolt is sleeved with a circular ring, the end of the circular ring away from the C-shaped seat is integrally formed with a T-shaped pin, and the inside of the steel sleeve is provided with a convex lower groove for hanging the T-shaped pin.

[0013] Preferably, the double-tapered piercer comprises a back frame fixedly connected on the outer wall of one side of the hollow frame, a sliding table slidingly mounted on the outer wall of one side of the back frame, and a connecting arm fixedly connected at the bottom end of the sliding table, and taper rods are fixedly connected at the bottom end of both sides of the connecting arm.

[0014] Preferably, a threaded shaft is threadedly mounted at the top end of the back frame, and the lower end of the threaded shaft is rotatably connected with the top end of the sliding table.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the open-pit mine slope surface layer rock mass freeze-thaw damage safety protection structure has the beneficial effects that: the hollow frame, the double-tapered piercer, the slope panel, the drainage groove, the plurality of parallel downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, the steel sleeve at the bottom end of the hollow frame, the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure, the ratchet stop locking device and the like are cooperated with each other, the steel sleeve and the double-buckle type lap connector are arranged on the left and right outer walls of the hollow frame and are used for connecting and forming a covering surface, the adjacent two hollow frames are connected by the steel sleeve and the double-buckle type lap connector, after the hollow frame is covered on the open-pit mine slope surface layer by the double-tapered piercer, the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure in the hollow frame is tightly attached to the surface layer by the ratchet stop locking device to further preserve heat, the plurality of downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edges are arranged on the upper surface of the hollow frame, V-shaped drainage grooves are formed between the adjacent two downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, the rainwater and the snowmelt water are guided to the drainage grooves of the slope panels at the left and right ends of the hollow frame by the downward inverted V-shaped flow guide edges, and the rainwater and the snowmelt water are guided away from the open-pit mine slope surface layer by the drainage grooves, so that the overall scheme not only ensures the stability of the slope structure, but also considers the reasonable guidance and discharge of the rainwater and the snowmelt water, thereby reducing the damage of the water pressure to the slope rock mass.

[0016] The bidirectional drainage system formed by the downward inverted V-shaped guide rib converts the planar water receiving of the traditional protective structure into linear flow guide. After the rainwater and snowmelt water contact the slope surface, they quickly flow into the V-shaped drainage groove along the inclined surface of the guide rib. The water flow direction is forced to change by the physical form. Compared with the "permeation channel" effect of the steel wire rope net, the water flow is captured before it contacts the rock surface, and is directed away from the slope through the drainage groove, thereby blocking the water infiltration into the rock fissures from the source. The hollow frame directly covers the slope surface through the double-tapered penetrator. The ratchet stopper drives the self-tensioning thermal insulation covering structure inside the hollow frame to adhere to the rock mass, eliminating the air layer between the traditional protective net and the slope surface. The close-fitting state eliminates the retention, evaporation, condensation cycle and ice bridge formation of water in the hidden gap, and eliminates the frost heaving force amplification effect caused by the gap microenvironment.

[0017] Secondly, the self-tensioning thermal insulation covering structure continuously adheres to the slope surface under the pressure of the ratchet stopper. Even if the rock mass deforms by millimeters due to frost heaving, the elastic material can still maintain the contact pressure, avoiding the separation cracks caused by the deformation of the traditional rigid covering (such as concrete), and overcoming the defect that the loose thermal insulation layer is easily eroded and falls off, forming a continuous heat barrier without cavity. The thermal insulation layer adhering to the rock mass significantly reduces the temperature fluctuation amplitude of the superficial layer, making it difficult for the rock mass to reach below freezing point. In the low temperature season, the thermal insulation layer delays the transfer of cold energy to the deep part, inhibits the migration of water in the unfrozen area to the freezing front, and destroys the water and heat conditions for the growth of ice lenses from the thermodynamic level, avoiding the occurrence of sheet peeling.

[0018] Finally, several hollow frames are assembled into a continuous covering surface through a steel sleeve and a double-buckle type lap joint fitting, thereby dispersing the local load to the overall structure, avoiding the rock mass damage caused by stress concentration at the anchoring point, and allowing independent replacement when a single frame is damaged, achieving in-situ maintenance with much higher maintenance efficiency than the overall protective net. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0024] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application Figure 5 ;

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application after the grid is removed

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure of the second embodiment of the present application

[0027] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the present application Figure 8

[0028] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the ratchet stop locking device of the second embodiment of the present application

[0029] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the two hollow frames in the connected state of the third embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the present application Figure 11

[0031] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the two hollow frames in the connected state of the third embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the double-tapered piercer of the third embodiment of the present application

[0033] In the figure: 1, hollow frame; 101, Z-shaped rib edge; 2, slope panel; 3, flow discharge groove; 4, downward bent inverted V-shaped flow guide rib; 5, V-shaped drainage groove; 6, through hole; 7, grid; 8, self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure; 801, T-shaped edge seat; 802, shaft load shell; 803, support roller; 804, heat preservation pad; 805, square short beam; 806, L-shaped base; 807, semicircular connecting beam; 808, limiting spring; 9, ratchet stop locking device; 901, shell; 9011, cavity; 9012, spiral spring; 902, connecting shaft; 903, inner hexagonal shaft head; 904, ratchet single body; 905, pawl; 10, double-tapered piercer; 1001, back frame; 1002, threaded shaft; 1003, sliding table; 1004, connecting arm; 1005, taper rod; 11, steel sleeve; 1101, convex lower groove; 12, double-buckle type lapping hardware; 1201, convex plate; 1202, C-shaped seat; 1203, U-shaped notch part; 1204, circular ring; 1205, T-shaped pin; 1206, bolt assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] ​​The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present application.

[0035] Embodiment one, by Figures 1 to 7 It is given that the present application comprises a hollow frame 1, a slope panel 2 installed on the left and right side outer walls of the hollow frame 1 and inclined downward, a drainage groove 3 fixed at the top end of the slope panel 2 along the Y-axis direction, and a plurality of downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide ribs 4 installed in parallel along the X-axis direction on the upper surface of the hollow frame 1, a V-shaped drainage groove 5 is arranged between two adjacent downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide ribs 4, a through hole 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the drainage groove 3 at the end of the downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide rib 4, the downward-bent inverted V-shaped flow guide rib 4 constitutes the first line of defense of the slope surface, after the rainwater and snowmelt water contact the inclined surface of the rib body, they are collected into the V-shaped drainage groove 5 along the physical guiding path, the through hole 6 makes the water flow in the V-shaped drainage groove 5 enter the drainage groove 3, and the water flow is quickly discharged away from the slope body through the drainage groove 3 of the slope panel 2, so that the water flow is guided out without contacting the rock mass, and the possibility of water seepage into the fissure is completely avoided;

[0036] Two double-cone type penetrators 10 in a symmetrical structure are installed on the front and rear outer walls of the hollow frame 1, the double-cone type penetrators 10 on the left and right outer walls of the hollow frame 1 can be vertically inserted into the predetermined anchor points, the double-cone structure is expanded under impact to lock the rock mass fissure and form a basic bearing point;

[0037] A grating 7 is slidingly inserted at the open position of the lower end of the hollow frame 1, the grating 7 is made of a component of plastic material and can adapt to the uneven changes of the shallow layer rock mass of the open-pit mine slope;

[0038] A self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure 8 is installed inside the hollow frame 1 above the grating 7, ratchet stoppers 9 for locking the self-tensioning heat preservation covering structure 8 are installed on both sides of the surface of the hollow frame 1, four steel sleeves 11 are installed on the outer wall of the hollow frame 1 on one side of the ratchet stopper 9, and a double-buckle type lap joint fitting 12 for connecting two of the steel sleeves 11 is fixed on the back of the hollow frame 1;

[0039] Z-shaped rib edges 101 are installed at the front and rear side edge positions of the bottom end of the hollow frame 1, the grating 7 is slidingly inserted between the two Z-shaped rib edges 101 in the Y-axis direction, the design of the hollow frame 1 provides a solid support platform, the internal structure can form a good heat insulation and waterproof layer, which helps to slow down the damage of freeze-thaw cycle to the slope rock mass, and the grating 7 slidingly inserted at the bottom end of the hollow frame 1 through the Z-shaped rib edges 101 can block the mud and sundries, prevent water from accumulating between the structure and the rock mass, and thus reduce the risk of crack expansion and rock mass collapse caused by freeze-thaw.

[0040] Embodiment two, on the basis of embodiment one, byFigure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 It is given that the self-tensioning thermal insulation covering structure 8 comprises four T-shaped edge seats 801 fixed on the front and rear inner walls of the hollow frame 1, a square short beam 805 fixed on the side outer wall of the T-shaped edge seat 801 close to the vertical center reference surface of the hollow frame 1, an L-shaped base 806 elastically mounted at the lower end of the square short beam 805, and an axle load shell 802 fixed on one end of the surface of the square short beam 805. Two axle load shells 802 in the same Y-axis direction are rotatably mounted with a supporting roller 803, and two supporting rollers 803 in the X-axis direction are mounted with a thermal insulation pad 804. The lower surface of the thermal insulation pad 804 is in contact with the upper surface of the grid 7. The ratchet anti-back locking device 9 is installed on the other side outer wall of the T-shaped edge seat 801. The thermal insulation pad 804 is in close contact with the grid 7. The thermal insulation pad 804 and the grid 7 weaken the temperature fluctuation of the shallow rock mass, i.e. reduce the heat energy transmission in summer to reduce the weathering rate, and delay the penetration of cold energy in winter to inhibit the migration of freezing front;

[0041] The lower end of the square short beam 805 is fixed with a limiting spring 808, the bottom end of the limiting spring 808 is fixedly connected with the top end of the L-shaped base 806, and the two L-shaped bases 806 in the same Y-axis direction are integrally formed with a semicircular connecting beam 807. The lower surface of the semicircular connecting beam 807 is in contact with the upper surface of the thermal insulation pad 804. The end of the thermal insulation pad 804 is fixedly connected with one of the supporting rollers 803. The limiting spring 808 at the bottom end of the square short beam 805 generates elastic force, so that the L-shaped base 806 is always away from the square short beam 805. At this time, the limiting spring 808 generates downward pressure on the L-shaped base 806, the semicircular connecting beam 807 and the thermal insulation pad 804, so as to make the thermal insulation pad 804 adhere to the upper surface of the grid 7, so as to compensate for the small gap caused by the frost heaving deformation or settlement of the rock mass, so as to slow down the freezing speed of rainwater, snowmelt water and surface water, thereby reducing the frequency and intensity of freeze-thaw action, and overcoming the defects of easy cracking of rigid covering layer and easy falling off of loose thermal insulation layer, forming a cavity-free thermal insulation barrier;

[0042] The ratchet retreat locking device 9 comprises an outer shell 901 fixed on one side of the outer wall of the T-shaped side seat 801 through a pin column, a connecting shaft 902 rotatably installed inside the outer shell 901, a ratchet single body 904 fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting shaft 902, and a pawl 905 elastically installed on one side inside the outer shell 901, the lower end of the pawl 905 abuts against the pawl groove on the outer wall of the ratchet single body 904, one end of the connecting shaft 902 penetrates to the outside of the outer shell 901 and is fixedly connected with one end of the supporting roller 803, the other end of the connecting shaft 902 also penetrates to the outside of the outer shell 901 and is fixedly provided with an inner hexagonal shaft head 903, the inside of the outer shell 901 is provided with a recessed cavity 9011, the top of the recessed cavity 9011 is provided with a spiral spring 9012, the lower end of the spiral spring 9012 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the pawl 905, and the lower end of the pawl 905 is always embedded in the pawl groove of the ratchet single body 904 through the spiral spring 9012;

[0043] When the thermal insulation pad 804 between the two supporting rollers 803 is actively tensioned by the ratchet retreat locking device 9, the inner hexagonal shaft head 903 at the end of the connecting shaft 902 is rotated by the worker, the connecting shaft 902, the ratchet single body 904 and the supporting roller 803 are driven to rotate by the inner hexagonal shaft head 903, the supporting roller 803 under rotation is used to actively tension the thermal insulation pad 804, so that the thermal insulation pad 804 is tensioned, and in this process, the spiral spring 9012 in the recessed cavity 9011 drives the lower end of the pawl 905 to be inserted into the pawl groove on the outer wall of the ratchet single body 904, so as to prevent the connecting shaft 902, the ratchet single body 904 and the supporting roller 803 from rotating, and ensure that the hollow frame 1 can continuously adhere to the side slope surface after being installed, and will not be loosened due to vibration or temperature change, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the structure.

[0044] In example three, based on example two, Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 and Figure 14 are given, the double-buckle type lap fitting 12 comprises a lug plate 1201 fixed on one side of the outer wall of the hollow frame 1, a C-shaped seat 1202 fixedly bolted at both ends of the lug plate 1201, and a U-shaped notch portion 1203 provided at the end of the C-shaped seat 1202 away from the lug plate 1201, and the U-shaped notch portion 1203 is internally provided with a bolt assembly 1206;

[0045] The bolt assembly 1206 includes a bolt installed through the U-shaped notch portion 1203 inside the U-shaped notch portion 1203, and a nut installed at one end of the bolt, and the surface of the bolt is sleeved with a circular ring 1204, and the circular ring 1204 is integrally formed with a T-shaped pin 1205 away from one end of the C-shaped seat 1202, and the inside of the steel sleeve 11 is provided with a convex lower groove 1101 for hanging the T-shaped pin 1205, when a plurality of hollow frames 1 are arranged in the surface layer of the open-pit mine slope, the adjacent two hollow frames 1 are connected by the steel sleeve 11 and the double-buckle type lapping fittings 12, in this process, the staff makes the U-shaped notch portion 1203 at one end of the T-shaped pin 1205 rotate around the bolt assembly 1206, until the other end of the T-shaped pin 1205 enters the convex lower groove 1101 of the steel sleeve 11, at this time, the adjacent two hollow frames 1 are connected, and the steel sleeve 11 and the double-buckle type lapping fittings 12 can ensure the close combination between the hollow frames 1, and prevent loosening or fracture in severe weather or geological movement;

[0046] When disassembling the adjacent two hollow frames 1, the staff can rotate the T-shaped pin 1205 upward, so that the end of the T-shaped pin 1205 is separated from the convex lower groove 1101, or the bolt assembly 1206 can be removed from the C-shaped seat 1202, so that the bolt assembly 1206 is separated from the C-shaped seat 1202, and then the T-shaped pin 1205 is withdrawn from the U-shaped notch portion 1203, so that when a single hollow frame 1 is damaged, it only needs to remove the surrounding steel sleeve 11 and the double-buckle type lapping fittings 12 for hoisting and replacement, without the need to remove the whole protective surface, which is suitable for the short window period of mine operation;

[0047] The corrosion resistance of the steel sleeve 11 ensures the stability of the structure in long-term exposure to natural environment, and the double-buckle type lapping fittings 12 facilitate construction and later maintenance, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the structure, at this time, the protective system formed by the plurality of hollow frames 1 has stronger anti-seismic, anti-wind and anti-freeze-thaw capabilities, greatly improving the safety of the slope;

[0048] The double-cone type piercer 10 includes a back frame 1001 fixed on one side of the hollow frame 1, a sliding table 1003 slidingly installed on one side of the back frame 1001, and a connecting arm 1004 fixed at the bottom end of the sliding table 1003, and the two sides of the bottom end of the connecting arm 1004 are fixed with taper rods 1005;

[0049] The top end of the back frame 1001 is threadedly installed with a threaded shaft 1002, and the lower end of the threaded shaft 1002 is rotatably connected with the top end of the sliding table 1003, if the threaded shaft 1002 is not provided, the staff can directly hammer the taper rod 1005 into the surface layer of the mine slope through the sliding table 1003;

[0050] In the process of fixing the hollow frame 1 by using the double-cone type piercer 10, the staff member manually rotates the threaded shaft 1002 to drive the sliding table 1003, the connecting arm 1004 and the conical rod 1005 to move up and down in the extension direction of the back frame 1001 until the conical rod 1005 gradually pierces into the surface layer of the mine slope, and the conical rod 1005 is wedged into the soil and rock fissures, and the double-point distributed anchoring mode uniformly transmits the load to the shallow rock mass, avoiding the stress concentration and deep disturbance caused by the traditional anchor rod, so as to firmly fix the hollow frame 1 on the surface layer of the slope and ensure that the structure does not displace or loosen under the action of wind, rainfall and freeze-thaw.

[0051] In the process of fixing the hollow frame 1 by using the double-cone type piercer 10, the staff member manually rotates the threaded shaft 1002 to drive the sliding table 1003, the connecting arm 1004 and the conical rod 1005 to move up and down in the extension direction of the back frame 1001 until the conical rod 1005 gradually pierces into the surface layer of the mine slope, and the conical rod 1005 is wedged into the soil and rock fissures, and the double-point distributed anchoring mode uniformly transmits the load to the shallow rock mass, avoiding the stress concentration and deep disturbance caused by the traditional anchor rod, so as to firmly fix the hollow frame 1 on the surface layer of the slope and ensure that the structure does not displace or loosen under the action of wind, rainfall and freeze-thaw.

[0052] In the process of fixing the hollow frame 1 by using the double-cone type piercer 10, the staff member manually rotates the threaded shaft 1002 to drive the sliding table 1003, the connecting arm 1004 and the conical rod 1005 to move up and down in the extension direction of the back frame 1001 until the conical rod 1005 gradually pierces into the surface layer of the mine slope, and the conical rod 1005 is wedged into the soil and rock fissures, and the double-point distributed anchoring mode uniformly transmits the load to the shallow rock mass, avoiding the stress concentration and deep disturbance caused by the traditional anchor rod, so as to firmly fix the hollow frame 1 on the surface layer of the slope and ensure that the structure does not displace or loosen under the action of wind, rainfall and freeze-thaw.

[0053] Spray water flow on the upper surface of the hollow frame 1, observe whether the water flow along the V-shaped drainage groove 5 into the slope panel 2 of the drainage groove 3, check whether the water flow into the hollow frame 1 inside, with a thin ruler inserted below the grid 7, to detect the gap between the grid 7 and the rock mass, when local tension is insufficient, supplement the ratchet stopper 9; In the snowmelt period, clean the V-shaped drainage groove 5, drainage groove 3 in the dust ice debris, while checking the pre-tightening force between the steel sleeve 11 and the double buckle type lap fittings 12 and the ratchet stop function, when a single hollow frame 1 is damaged, remove the connection between the peripheral fittings and directly hoist and replace it.

[0054] It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like can be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0055] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the details of the embodiments described, since numerous changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of shallow rock mass on the slope of an open-pit mine, characterized by: The hollow frame (1) comprises a hollow frame (1), a slope panel (2) installed with the outer walls of the left and right sides of the hollow frame (1) tilted downward, a discharge groove (3) fixed at the top of the slope panel (2) along the Y-axis direction, and a plurality of downward-curved inverted V-shaped guide ribs (4) installed in parallel along the X-axis direction on the upper surface of the hollow frame (1), a V-shaped drainage groove (5) is provided between two adjacent downward-curved inverted V-shaped guide ribs (4), a through hole (6) is provided on the outer wall of the discharge groove (3) at the end of the downward-curved inverted V-shaped guide rib (4), and two double-cone-shaped piercing holes with a symmetrical structure are installed on the front and rear outer walls of the hollow frame (1). The hollow frame (10) is provided with a grille (7) slidably inserted at the open position of the lower end of the hollow frame (1), a self-tensioning heat-insulating covering structure (8) is installed inside the hollow frame (1) above the grille (7), ratchet stop lockers (9) for locking the self-tensioning heat-insulating covering structure (8) are installed on both sides of the surface of the hollow frame (1), four steel sleeves (11) are installed on the outer wall of the hollow frame (1) on one side of the ratchet stop locker (9), and a double-buckle-type lap fitting (12) for connecting with two of the steel sleeves (11) is fixed on the back of the hollow frame (1).

2. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the surface layer rock mass of the open-pit mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Z-shaped ribs (101) are installed at the front and rear side positions of the bottom of the hollow frame (1), and the grille (7) is slidably inserted between the two Z-shaped ribs (101) in the Y-axis direction.

3. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-tensioning heat-insulating covering structure (8) comprises four T-shaped side seats (801) fixed on the front and rear inner walls of the hollow frame (1), a square short beam (805) fixed on the outer wall of the T-shaped side seat (801) close to the vertical center reference plane of the hollow frame (1), an L-shaped base (806) elastically mounted at the lower end of the square short beam (805), and an axle-carrying shell (802) fixed at one end of the surface of the square short beam (805), a support roller (803) being rotatably mounted between two of the axle-carrying shells (802) in the same Y-axis direction, a heat-insulating pad (804) being mounted between two of the support rollers (803) in the X-axis direction, the lower surface of the heat-insulating pad (804) being in contact with the upper surface of the grille (7), and the ratchet stop locker (9) being mounted on the outer wall of the other side of the T-shaped side seat (801).

4. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting spring (808) is fixed to the lower end of the square-mouthed short beam (805), and the bottom end of the limiting spring (808) is fixedly connected to the top end of the L-shaped base (806). A semicircular connecting beam (807) is integrally formed between the two L-shaped bases (806) in the same Y-axis direction, and the lower surface of the semicircular connecting beam (807) is in contact with the upper surface of the thermal insulation pad (804).

5. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope shallow layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ratchet lock (9) comprises a shell (901) fixed on one side of the outer wall of the T-shaped side seat (801) through a pin column, a connecting shaft (902) rotatably installed inside the shell (901), a ratchet single body (904) fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting shaft (902), and a pawl (905) elastically installed on one side inside the shell (901), the lower end of the pawl (905) abuts against the pawl groove on the outer wall of the ratchet single body (904), and one end of the connecting shaft (902) penetrates to the outside of the shell (901) and is fixedly connected with one end of the supporting roller (803).

6. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope shallow layer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The other end of the connecting shaft (902) also penetrates to the outside of the shell (901) and is fixedly connected with an internal hexagonal shaft head (903), the inside of the shell (901) is provided with a recess cavity (9011), the top of the recess cavity (9011) is provided with a spiral spring (9012), and the lower end of the spiral spring (9012) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the pawl (905).

7. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope shallow layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-buckle type lapping fitting (12) comprises a lug plate (1201) fixed on one side of the outer wall of the hollow frame (1), C-shaped seats (1202) fixedly connected at both ends of the lug plate (1201), and a U-shaped notch portion (1203) provided at the end of the C-shaped seat (1202) away from the lug plate (1201), and a bolt assembly (1206) is installed in the inside of the U-shaped notch portion (1203).

8. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope shallow layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bolt assembly (1206) comprises a bolt installed in the inside of the U-shaped notch portion (1203) and a nut installed at one end of the bolt, one end of the surface of the bolt is sleeved with a circular ring (1204), the end of the circular ring (1204) away from the C-shaped seat (1202) is integrally formed with a T-shaped pin (1205), and the inside of the steel sleeve (11) is provided with a convex lower recess (1101) for hanging the T-shaped pin (1205).

9. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope shallow layer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The double-tapered piercer (10) comprises a back frame (1001) fixedly connected on one side of the outer wall of the hollow frame (1), a sliding table (1003) slidingly installed on one side of the outer wall of the back frame (1001), and a connecting arm (1004) fixedly connected at the bottom end of the sliding table (1003), and taper rods (1005) are fixedly connected at both sides of the bottom end of the connecting arm (1004).

10. The safety protection structure for freeze-thaw damage of the superficial rock mass of the open-pit mine slope shallow layer according to claim 9, characterized in that: A threaded shaft (1002) is threadedly installed at the top end of the back frame (1001), and the lower end of the threaded shaft (1002) is rotatably connected with the top end of the sliding table (1003).

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