A solid-state, snapshot full-stokes parametric measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of full solid, snapshot type full stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhanced sensor device, including microlens array module, liquid crystal phase modulation module, polarization grating array module and image sensor module.Microlens array module is composed of many small lens two-dimensional arrangement, focusing on the photodiode of each pixel on incident light.Liquid crystal phase modulation module is composed of two high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder, realize the polarization state of incident light active phase modulation.Polarization grating array module only needs single shooting to obtain four polarization directions of polarized light information.Image sensor module calculates the full stokes parameter polarization characteristics of incident light.The application only needs single exposure to realize the full polarization information measurement of incident light, and after completing measurement, it turns into polarization enhancement mode, greatly improves the imaging efficiency of sensor in weak contrast target detection and other dark light scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of all-polarization detection imaging, specifically relating to an all-solid-state, snapshot-type all-Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device. Background Technology

[0002] Stokes parameters can completely describe the polarization state of light, and their measurement is an important research direction in the field of optics. Since the 1970s, different measurement methods and techniques have been developed to adapt to various application scenarios, from weak light signal detection to real-time polarization analysis. The total Stokes parameter (…) , , , The measurement of Stokes parameters is of great significance in optical material property analysis, biomedical imaging and diagnosis, remote sensing and environmental monitoring, as well as nano-optics and subwavelength structure analysis. Thanks to the rapid development of imaging technology, it is now possible not only to measure all Stokes parameters but also to achieve polarization imaging. Compared with traditional intensity images, polarization information provides additional scene information, improves target contrast, and is crucial for applications such as the detection and identification of weak-contrast targets.

[0003] Traditional full Stokes parametric polarization imaging typically requires moving parts or segmented imaging systems, leading to reduced temporal or spatial resolution. All-solid-state, snapshot-based full Stokes parametric measurement and imaging technology offers a method to acquire complete polarization information of a scene in a single shot, significantly improving measurement efficiency and dynamic range. This all-solid-state, snapshot-based full Stokes parametric measurement and imaging technology avoids moving parts, resulting in greater system stability and enabling more portable applications in airborne and aerospace fields.

[0004] Document (Shaochun Xie, Haiyan Luo, Xiong Wei, et al. "Design and verification of fast-rotating polarization imaging system in dynamic scenes," Proc. SPIE 12963, AOPC 2023) designs a time-sharing polarization imaging system based on a rotating polarizer. The polarizer is placed on a fast-rotating hollow turntable, and a camera is used to take pictures while the polarizer is rotating, thereby improving the polarization imaging frame rate of the rotating polarizer time-sharing imaging system. The imaging system will be affected by the polarization effects of the lens, polarizer and CMOS camera in polarization measurement, resulting in errors between the measured information and the true polarization information of the target scene. The polarization imaging rate is limited by the mechanical rotating device, and only the linear polarization information of the incident light can be measured, and the full Stokes parameter information cannot be obtained.

[0005] Document (Yang Wei. Research on Dual-camera Polarization Imaging Technology Based on Stokes Vector[D]. Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2021.) proposes a dual-camera polarization imaging system design, and the core device of the system is two LCVRs, a polarization beam splitter prism and two CMOS cameras. In order to measure the full Stokes parameter information of the incident light, six sets of voltage information are sent to the two LCVRs in turn to obtain the corresponding six phase delay combinations, and finally two CMOS cameras are used to collect two orthogonal images to solve the incident polarization information. This measurement method needs a long time to complete the full polarization measurement of the incident light, and the time resolution is poor, which is only suitable for polarization imaging of static targets, but not suitable for dynamic scenes such as airborne and space.

[0006] Patent CN119676547A proposes a full Stokes camera system based on aperture polarization imaging, in which the polarization filter uses a combination of 50% gray filter, 0° linear polarizer, 45° linear polarizer and right circular polarizer. For each frame of four images or videos, the corresponding Stokes vector of each image point is obtained by operation, and a polarization imaging process is completed. The polarization camera changes the filter with different polarization characteristics to adapt to different image acquisition requirements. However, the replacement speed and type of the filter are limited by the mechanical device in actual use, and it cannot be completely applied to weak contrast target detection scenes.

[0007] In summary, the current full polarization measurement sensor has the problems of rate limited by mechanical rotating device, low measurement accuracy for dynamic targets, inability to obtain full Stokes parameters, low integration, and low imaging efficiency. SUMMARY

[0008] To solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a full solid-state, snapshot full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhanced sensor device. The device does not have mechanical moving parts, actively phase modulates by changing the control voltage of the liquid crystal variable phase retarder, and realizes the acquisition of complete polarization information in the scene in a single shooting. At the same time, the imaging efficiency in scenes such as weak contrast target detection can be improved.

[0009] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a full solid-state, snapshot full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhanced sensor device, the device comprising:

[0010] A microlens array module composed of a two-dimensional array of a plurality of pixel-level size microlens units, used for focusing incident light onto an image sensor module;

[0011] A liquid crystal phase modulation module composed of high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders LCVR1 and LCVR2, used for actively phase modulating incident polarization information and switching the sensor to a polarization enhanced imaging mode after completing polarization measurement;

[0012] A polarization grating array module composed of a two-dimensional array of a plurality of polarization grating superpixels, used for encoding and sampling incident polarization information; wherein each polarization grating superpixel acts as a calculation unit to sample polarization information in four polarization directions of the light energy returned from the target object to be measured region;

[0013] An image sensor module for photoelectric conversion and signal processing, which calculates the original polarization parameter information of incident light by reading the electrical signal of each pixel.

[0014] Further, the size area, array period and lens focal length of the microlens unit in the microlens array module are matched with the pixel size in the image sensor module. The size, arrangement and shape of the microlens array module are optimized to reduce light interference between adjacent pixels on the image sensor and ensure accurate projection of light to the corresponding pixel area in the image sensor.

[0015] Further, the shape of the microlens unit in the microlens array module uses a plano-convex spherical lens for scenes with low aberration requirements, or a aspherical lens for correcting the aberration of the microlens.

[0016] Further, the liquid crystal phase modulation module is placed between the microlens array module and the polarization grating array module; wherein LCVR1 is a high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder with the same size as the image sensor module, and LCVR2 is a two-dimensional high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCOPA with the same size as the image sensor module.

[0017] Further, the working area of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCVR1 and LCVR2 is divided into multiple area units with the same size as the pixel size of the image sensor according to the loaded phase delay amount, and 2x2 adjacent area units are taken as a liquid crystal phase modulation unit.

[0018] Further, the microlens units in the microlens array module correspond one by one to the sub-areas of the phase modulation units of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder in the liquid crystal phase modulation module.

[0019] Further, the liquid crystal fast axis direction of LCVR1 is 0° direction, and the phase delay amounts of area 1, area 2, area 3 and area 4 of LCVR1 are set to 0 or 2 ; the liquid crystal fast axis direction of LCVR2 is set to 45° direction, and the phase delay amounts of area 1, area 2 and area 3 of LCVR2 are set to 0 or 2 , and the phase delay amount of area 4 is set to .

[0020] Further, the control voltages of the area units of the two high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders are adjusted according to the incident polarization information measured by the imaging enhancement sensor, so that the imaging enhancement sensor is converted from the polarization measurement mode to the polarization imaging enhancement mode.

[0021] Further, the polarization grating array module is placed between the liquid crystal phase modulation module and the image sensor module; each super pixel in the polarization grating array is composed of 2x2 four polarization grating areas with the same area and different angles, and each polarization grating area only allows linear polarization in a specific direction to pass through.

[0022] Further, the area 1, area 2, area 3 and area 4 of the phase modulation unit of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder in the liquid crystal phase modulation module are precisely aligned with the area 1, area 2, area 3 and area 4 of the polarization grating super pixel in the polarization grating array module.

[0023] Further, the linear grating structure in the polarization grating super pixel is composed of periodically arranged metal wires, and the period, duty cycle and line width parameters of the metal wire grating are optimized to improve the extinction ratio. Metal or deep trench isolation (DTI) can be set between each polarizing sheet in the polarization grating array module to suppress light leakage between adjacent polarization channels.

[0024] Further, each polarizing sheet in the polarization grating array module can use aluminum / tungsten nanowires to achieve high extinction ratio. For large-angle incident polarization measurement, the inclination angle of the polarizing sheet is adjusted to maintain the extinction ratio.

[0025] Further, the image sensor module is placed at the focal plane of the microlens array module, and in the image sensor module, 2x2 adjacent pixels are taken as one calculation pixel, and each calculation pixel corresponds to a polarization grating super-pixel, a liquid crystal phase modulation unit and a 2x2 microlens unit.

[0026] Further, the polarization grating regions of the polarization grating super-pixels in the polarization grating array module are accurately aligned with the pixel units in the image sensor module.

[0027] Further, the full solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device can also realize full polarization measurement of the Stokes vector by using the defocus method of two adjacent super-pixels for single exposure.

[0028] Traditional full Stokes parameter polarization imaging usually needs to move parts or divide the imaging system, which will cause the reduction of time resolution or spatial resolution, and the polarization information of the test target is limited by the inherent polarization filtering of the wire grid polarization layer, and 50% of the light cannot be utilized, which is not suitable for weak contrast target polarization detection and imaging field.

[0029] Unlike traditional linear polarization measurement and imaging sensors, the full solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhanced sensor of the application provides a method for obtaining complete polarization information of a scene in a single shot, greatly improving the measurement efficiency and dynamic range, replacing the traditional mechanical rotating parts with electrically controlled phase modulation, and there is no moving part inside, effectively avoiding the problems of time resolution reduction and low imaging light utilization, making the system have higher stability and measurement frequency, solving the mechanical delay and resolution loss problem of the traditional time-sharing polarization system, and can be applied to airborne and space fields in a more portable way.

[0030] The full solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The double-layer high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder can actively phase modulate the incident polarization information, realize full solid-state measurement without mechanical rotating device, and obtain the full polarization characteristic parameters of the incident light.

[0032] (2) After completing the measurement, the double-layer high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder can actively phase modulate the incident polarization information to improve the polarization imaging efficiency, and is suitable for weak contrast target detection and identification field.

[0033] (3) The microlens array module is placed above the polarization grating module, which can reduce the crosstalk caused by the polarization information detected by the adjacent pixels when the light is obliquely incident.

[0034] (4) The light tracing analysis is used to set different pixel sizes for each layer of the sensor, high-precision processing and adjustment are combined, high-precision alignment is realized, and high-precision Stokes parameter full polarization measurement can be performed under large-angle incidence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the full solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present application is shown.

[0037] Figure 2 The single pixel structure schematic diagram of the full solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present application is shown.

[0038] Figure 3 The phase modulation unit schematic diagram of the double-layer high-speed liquid crystal phase variable retarder of the liquid crystal phase modulation module of the present application is shown.

[0039] Figure 4 The phase modulation unit schematic diagram of another double-layer high-speed liquid crystal phase variable retarder of the liquid crystal phase modulation module of the present application is shown.

[0040] Figure 5 The polarization grating area configuration schematic diagram of a single super-pixel in the polarization grating array module of the present application is shown.

[0041] Figure 6 The polarization grating area configuration schematic diagram of another single super-pixel in the polarization grating array module of the present application is shown.

[0042] Figure 7 The full polarization measurement and polarization enhanced imaging schematic diagram of the full solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear and apparent, the preferred embodiments of the present application will be given below in combination with the drawings to describe the technical solutions of the present application in detail. It should be understood that the specific implementation examples described here are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0044] As Figure 1As shown, the present application discloses a kind of full solid, snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device, by microlens array module 1, liquid crystal phase modulation module 2, polarization grating module 3 and image sensor module 4 composition.Wherein, microlens array module 1 is used to focus incident light beam and imaging, located in the uppermost layer of sensor, can be focused into the photodiode of each pixel in image sensor module 4 incident light, reduce light scattering loss, improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.Liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 is located in the next layer of microlens array module, by first high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder 21 and second high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder 22 composition, liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 to the polarization information of incident light focused by microlens array module 1 active phase modulation, complete multiple incident polarization information phase control in single exposure time.Polarization grating module 3 different direction polaroid respectively to the incident polarization information after phase control coding sampling, obtain multi-direction polarization data, located in the next layer of liquid crystal phase modulation module.Each pixel photodiode in image sensor module 4 will be converted into electrical signal by the incident polarized light signal after processing of polarization grating module 3, record incident polarized light intensity distribution information, located in the next layer of polarization grating array module, by a plurality of photodiode two-dimensional arrangement composition.Different from traditional full Stokes parameter polarization imaging sensor, the sensor involved in the present application can realize full Stokes parameter polarization measurement of incident signal within single exposure, effectively avoid the emergence of slow speed, low efficiency, poor precision problem of full polarization imaging technology.

[0045] As Figure 2 As shown, the present application provides a full solid, snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device in each described microlens unit 11 corresponding liquid crystal phase modulation module in two layer area unit 211 and 221, polarization grating module in grating area unit 311 and image sensor module of each pixel unit 411.Microlens unit 11 will focus incident light, after liquid crystal phase modulation area unit 221 and 211, polarization grating area unit 311, finally focus on image element 411 of image sensor module.

[0046] The shape of microlens unit 11 can be plano-convex spherical lens, which can realize beam focusing function and is easy to process;The size of microlens unit 11 needs to be consistent with the size of image sensor pixel 411 to avoid light spot overflow to adjacent pixels;The array period of microlens unit 11 needs to match the target wavelength and focal length to avoid high-order diffraction interference;The arrangement mode of microlens unit 11 can be hexagonal dense arrangement to maximize the fill factor and reduce light energy loss;It can also be rectangular arrangement mode to simplify manufacturing process;Microlens unit 11 should select isotropic manufacturing materials to avoid additional polarization modulation interference.

[0047] One embodiment of the liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parametric measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it consists of a first high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder (LCVR1) and a second high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder (LCVR2). For the incident polarized signal, it is focused by the microlens array module and reaches the liquid crystal phase modulation module. Each liquid crystal phase modulation unit 23 in the liquid crystal variable phase retarder is divided into a 2×2 region. Each region 231 corresponds one-to-one with the microlens units 11 arranged in the upper array, and together with the polarization grating region 311 in the lower polarization grating superpixel, they form a polarization measurement imaging unit. LCVR1 is a liquid crystal fast-axis direction... A liquid crystal variable phase delay transformer (LCVR1) with an area of ​​0° equal to the size of the image sensor target surface can have its phase delay in different regions adjusted by actively controlling the applied voltage of the LCVR1. Set to 0 or Where i takes values ​​of 1, 2, 3, and 4, representing region 1, region 2, region 3, and region 4, respectively. LCVR2 is a liquid crystal display with a fast axis direction... The LCVR2 is a 45° two-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA). The applied voltage of LCVR2 can be actively adjusted to reduce the phase delay of regions 1, 2, and 3 in LCVR2. , and It can be set to 0 or Phase delay in region 4 of LCVR2 Set as The phase delay is set to 0 or... The selection can be made based on the actual phase modulation depth of the liquid crystal variable phase delayer.

[0048] Another embodiment of the liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parametric measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it consists of a liquid crystal variable phase retarder (LCVR1) and a liquid crystal variable phase retarder (LCVR2). Each liquid crystal phase modulation unit 24 in the LCVR1 is divided into a 1×2 region. Each region 241 corresponds to a 2×2 microlens unit arranged in the upper array and corresponds one-to-one with a polarization grating superpixel 31 in the lower layer. The size of each region is equivalent to the size of a 2×2 subpixel in the polarization grating superpixel, collectively forming a polarization measurement imaging unit. LCVR1 is a liquid crystal fast-axis... A liquid crystal variable phase delay transformer (LCVR1) with an area of ​​0° equal to the size of the image sensor target surface can have its phase delay in different regions adjusted by actively controlling the applied voltage of the LCVR1. and Set to 0 or LCVR2 is a liquid crystal display with a fast axis direction. A one-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA) with a 45° angle can have its phase delay in region 1 of LCVR2 adjusted by actively controlling the applied voltage. Set to 0 or Phase delay in region 2 of LCVR2 Set as The phase delay is set to 0 or... The selection can be made based on the actual phase modulation depth of the liquid crystal variable phase delayer.

[0049] One embodiment of the polarization grid module 3 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parametric measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it is composed of a two-dimensional arrangement of multiple polarization grating superpixels. Each polarization grating superpixel 31 consists of a 2×2 polarization grating region 311, and the polarizer directions corresponding to the four polarization grating regions are... With polarization angles of 0°, 60°, 120°, and 0° respectively, the polarization grating array module can acquire polarized light information in four different polarization directions after a single shot. In the first polarization grating region (0°), and the regions at 60° and 120°, the phase delay generated by LCVR1 and LCVR2 is set to 0 or 0. In the fourth 0° polarization grating region, the phase delay of LCVR1 is 0 or... The phase delay of LCVR2 is .

[0050] Another embodiment of the polarization grid module 3 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parametric measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, each polarization grating superpixel 31 is composed of 2×2 polarization grating regions 311, and the polarizer directions corresponding to the four polarization grating regions are... These are 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, respectively. In these three polarization grating regions (0°, 45°, and 90°), the phase delay generated by LCVR1 and LCVR2 is set to 0 or... In the fourth 135° polarization grating region, the phase delay of LCVR1 is 0 or... The phase delay of LCVR2 is .

[0051] like Figure 7As shown, the image sensor module of the all-solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present application comprises two-dimensionally arranged photodiode pixel units 411, taking every 2x2 adjacent pixel units 411 as a calculation super-pixel 41, the incident polarized signal is focused on four different photodiode pixel units 411 in the super-pixel of the image sensor module 4 after passing through the microlens array module 1, the liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 and the polarization grating module 3, and the azimuth angle, ellipticity, Stokes parameter and other polarization information of the incident polarization are calculated through the correlation between different direction polarizers and the light intensity data measured by the image sensor. At this time, the light intensity received by sub-pixel 1, sub-pixel 2, sub-pixel 3 and sub-pixel 4 in each super-pixel of the image sensor is respectively 、 , if the Stokes parameter of the incident polarization is , they satisfy the following relationship:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Among them, sub-pixel 1, sub-pixel 2 and sub-pixel 3 are responsible for measuring and calculating the linear polarization component information in the incident polarization 、 、 , and sub-pixel 4 is responsible for measuring and calculating the circular polarization component information in the incident polarization , and the image sensor can measure the full polarization Stokes parameter information in the incident light only once.

[0057] As shown in Figure 7 , after the all-solid-state snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present application completes the polarization measurement of the incident light, the liquid crystal variable phase retarder 21 and 22 in the phase modulation module 2 are loaded with appropriate voltages 、 , so as to realize the switching of the imaging sensor from the polarization measurement mode to the polarization enhanced imaging mode. If the Stokes parameter of the incident polarization is , they satisfy the following relationship:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, Phase delay amount of LCVR1 and LCVR2 respectively. According to the voltage-phase delay curve of LCVR1 and LCVR2, the corresponding loading voltage of LCVR1 and LCVR2 can be obtained 、 .

[0060] The conventional full Stokes parametric polarization imaging sensor can only realize polarization detection and image acquisition of a signal. Compared with the conventional image sensor, 50% of light energy cannot be utilized due to the inherent polarization filtering property of the polarization grating layer, leading to low imaging efficiency and limiting the application of the imaging sensor in the weak contrast target detection and identification field.

[0061] Different from the conventional full Stokes parametric polarization imaging device, the full solid-state snapshot Stokes parametric measurement and imaging sensor device of the application realizes measurement of full Stokes parameters by adopting a double-layer high-speed liquid crystal phase modulation, and is converted into a polarization enhancement mode after the measurement is completed. The image acquisition system can be actively adjusted according to the measured polarization signal, the signal can be enhanced, and more technical tools are provided for carrying out weak contrast target detection and identification.

[0062] The remaining matters of the application are known technologies.

[0063] The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the application and implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the application shall be covered within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A fully solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parametric measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device, characterized in that, The device comprises: a microlens array module composed of a two-dimensional arrangement of a plurality of pixel-level-sized microlens units for focusing incident light onto an image sensor module; a liquid crystal phase modulation module composed of high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders LCVR1 and LCVR2, the fast axis direction of the liquid crystal of LCVR1 is 0°, the phase retardation of region 1, region 2, region 3 and region 4 of LCVR1 is set to 0 or 2π; the fast axis direction of the liquid crystal of LCVR2 is set to 45°, the phase retardation of region 1, region 2 and region 3 of LCVR2 is set to 0 or 2π, and the phase retardation of region 4 is set to π / 2; the working area of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCVR1 and LCVR2 is divided into a plurality of region units with a size equal to the pixel size of the image sensor module, and 2×2 adjacent region units are used as a liquid crystal phase modulation unit for actively phase modulating incident polarization information, and after polarization measurement, the control voltage of each region unit of the two high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders is adjusted according to the incident polarization information measured by the image sensor module, so that the image sensor module is converted from the polarization measurement mode to the polarization imaging enhancement mode; a polarization grating array module composed of a two-dimensional array of a plurality of polarization grating superpixels for encoding and sampling incident polarization information; wherein each polarization grating superpixel serves as a calculation unit for sampling polarization information in four polarization directions of the back light energy of the target object to be measured; an image sensor module for photoelectric conversion and signal processing, and the incident light original polarization parameter information is calculated by reading the electrical signal of each pixel.

2. The all-solid, snapshot, full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging enhanced sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The size, area, array period and lens focal length of the microlens unit in the microlens array module are matched with the pixel size in the image sensor module.

3. The all-solid, snapshot, full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging enhanced sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The shape of the microlens unit in the microlens array module uses a plano-convex spherical lens; or a non-spherical lens is used to correct the aberration of the microlens.

4. The all-solid, snapshot, full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging enhanced sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The liquid crystal phase modulation module is placed between the microlens array module and the polarization grating array module; wherein LCVR1 is a high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder with an area equal to the size of the image sensor module, and LCVR2 is a two-dimensional high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCOPA with an area equal to the size of the image sensor module.

5. The all-solid, snapshot, full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging enhanced sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The polarization grating array module is placed between the liquid crystal phase modulation module and the image sensor module; each superpixel in the polarization grating array is composed of 2×2 four blocks of polarization grating regions with the same area and different angles, and each polarization grating region only allows linearly polarized light of a specific direction to pass through.

6. The all-solid, snapshot, full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging augmentation sensor apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The wire grid structure in the polarization grating superpixel is composed of periodically arranged metal wires, and the period, duty cycle and line width parameters of the wire grid structure are optimized to improve the extinction ratio.

7. The all-solid, snapshot, full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging augmentation sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The image sensor module is placed at the focal plane of the microlens array module, and 2×2 adjacent pixels in the image sensor module are used as a calculation pixel, each calculation pixel corresponds to a polarization grating superpixel, a liquid crystal phase modulation unit and a group of 2×2 microlens units.

Images