A method and system for non-destructive evaluation of complex component grain size phased array ultrasound

Abstract

The application provides a complex component grain size phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation method and system, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. The method comprises the following steps: adopting a liquid immersion method to cooperate with a phased array ultrasonic probe array to detect a workpiece with multiple curved surfaces, and dividing different structure types of to-be-detected areas according to the shape characteristics of the workpiece; designing a sound beam focusing rule and a sound beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, designing phased array ultrasonic detection parameters for different structure types of to-be-detected areas according to the size parameters of the workpiece; detecting the grain size of different structure types of to-be-detected areas of the workpiece, collecting phased array ultrasonic signals of each to-be-detected area through the phased array ultrasonic probe array; calibrating the collected phased array ultrasonic signals of each to-be-detected area, and respectively calculating the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signals of each to-be-detected area; and calculating the grain size of the to-be-detected area through a pre-constructed grain size phased array ultrasonic evaluation model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology, and in particular to a phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace, energy, and intelligent manufacturing, high-end equipment is moving towards greater structural complexity and performance limits. High-end equipment, represented by aero-engines, nuclear reactor components, and deep-sea equipment, features components with multiple curved surface characteristics, such as convex-convex, convex-concave, concave-concave, convex-sloping, and concave-sloping surfaces. Examples include the rounded corners, chamfers, raceways, and reinforcing ribs of key components like turbine blades, aircraft casings, and nuclear fuel cladding tubes. This structural complexity presents unprecedented challenges to manufacturing processes and quality control. Under extreme conditions (high temperature, high pressure, strong radiation), the microcrystalline structure of the material directly determines the mechanical properties and service life of the component. For example, casing ring materials have a narrow forging temperature range and are highly sensitive to hot working parameters; during repeated reheating, coarse grains or mixed grains are more likely to occur. Therefore, grain size evaluation is an essential and crucial step in the production and manufacturing of complex components for high-end equipment. If microscopic grain structure problems are not detected and addressed in a timely manner, they will severely damage the mechanical properties of the components, threaten the service safety of related equipment, and pose significant safety hazards.

[0003] Currently, ultrasonic testing of grain size in metallic materials mainly involves incident longitudinal waves perpendicularly onto the workpiece, utilizing the attenuation coefficient of the reflected echo from the bottom surface for non-destructive evaluation of the grain structure. Ultrasonic waves scatter and attenuate more severely in coarse-grained materials. By analyzing the energy loss and attenuation of the reflected echo signal from the bottom surface of a ring component, the grain structure of a rectangular cross-section ring component can be indirectly evaluated. However, complex components in high-end equipment often possess multi-curved complex structures where both the incident interface and the reflecting bottom surface are curved. Conventional probes have fixed beam directions, making it difficult to incident on curved interfaces. Furthermore, transmitted sound waves undergo severe scattering and total internal reflection at curved surfaces, preventing the probe from receiving the bottom surface echo signal. Therefore, conventional ultrasonic technology is difficult to apply to the microscopic grain size detection of high-end equipment components with multi-curved complex structures. Currently, grain size detection of complex components still relies on destructive sampling methods such as metallography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), which suffer from long waiting times, significant material waste, and inability to achieve full coverage.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the trend of increasingly complex structures in high-end equipment, it is necessary to provide a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive testing method for the grain size of complex components. This method aims to address the lack of reliable ultrasonic non-destructive testing for grain size detection of complex components with multiple curved surfaces, thereby ensuring the mechanical properties and service life of related equipment. This is not only a core requirement for ensuring the reliability of complex components, but also an essential path to promote manufacturing quality towards a new stage of "microscopic controllability". Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes an ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation method and system for grain size phased array of complex components with multiple curved surface structures that can reliably receive ultrasonic reflected echo signals.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of the grain size of complex components, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: The liquid immersion method is used in conjunction with a phased array ultrasonic probe array to detect workpieces with multiple curved surfaces, and the test areas of different structural types are divided according to the shape characteristics of the workpiece;

[0008] S2: Construct phased array ultrasonic testing models for test areas of different structural types. By designing the beam focusing law and beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, the sound beam is incident from the upper surface of the workpiece, reflected by the bottom surface of the workpiece, and received by the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Based on the size parameters of the workpiece, design phased array ultrasonic testing parameters for test areas of different structural types.

[0009] S3: Based on the acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array and the phased array ultrasonic detection parameters, the grain size of the test area of ​​different structural types of the workpiece is detected, and the phased array ultrasonic signal of each test area is collected through the phased array ultrasonic probe array.

[0010] S4: Pre-construct phased array ultrasonic probe array beam attenuation calibration models for different structural types of test areas, calibrate the phased array ultrasonic signals collected from each test area, and calculate the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal for each test area.

[0011] S5: Substitute the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal of each test area into the pre-constructed phased array ultrasonic evaluation model of grain size to calculate the grain size of the test area.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the division of the test area into different structural types according to the shape characteristics of the workpiece in step S1 is to divide the shape characteristics of the workpiece into test areas of convex-convex structure type, concave-concave structure type, convex-concave structure type, convex-sloping structure type and concave-sloping structure type according to the shape of the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece.

[0013] Preferably, the design of the acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array in step S2 is as follows: the acoustic beam of the transmitting aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is incident on the upper surface interface of the workpiece, and then propagates to the bottom surface of the workpiece. After the acoustic beam is reflected by the center point of the bottom surface, the signal is collected through the receiving aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array.

[0014] For workpieces with convex-convex or convex-concave structures in the test area, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin. The radius of the incident convex arc, the radius of the bottom arc, and the distance between the centers of the two arcs are defined. The interface equation of the convex surface of the workpiece near the phased array ultrasonic probe array is constructed. The beam focusing rule is: given the first... i The center point coordinates of the group of emission apertures are obtained to obtain the first i The coordinates of the incident point of the sound beam emitted by the group of emission apertures at the workpiece interface and the coordinates of the interface intersection point on the reflection path are used to calculate the propagation path of the sound beam in liquids and workpieces with convex-convex structures.

[0015] For workpieces with a concave-concave structure in the test area, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin. The radius of the incident concave arc, the radius of the bottom arc, and the distance between the centers of the two arcs are defined to construct the interface equation of the concave surface of the workpiece near the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Referring to the beam focusing law for convex-convex structures, the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the group of emission apertures are used to obtain the first... i The propagation path of the sound beam emitted by the set of emission apertures in liquids and concave-concave structure workpieces;

[0016] For workpieces with convex-sloping or concave-sloping structures in the area to be tested, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin to obtain the coordinate system equation for the bottom slope; the beam focusing rule is: given the first... i The center point coordinates of the group of emission apertures are obtained. i The coordinates of the incident point of the emitted sound beam at the workpiece interface, the coordinates of the interface intersection point on the reflection path, the coordinates of the reflection point of the sound beam on the inclined surface of the workpiece, and the center coordinates of the array receiving aperture are used to obtain the first... i The propagation path of the sound beam emitted by the group of emission apertures in a convex-concave structure type.

[0017] Preferably, the step S2, which involves designing phased array ultrasonic testing parameters for different structural types of the test area based on the workpiece's dimensional parameters, specifically includes: based on the workpiece's width... L and length S Define the height of the liquid through which the ultrasonic wave is transmitted. h Number of elements in a phased array ultrasonic probe array N Array element spacing p and total width D N The sequence of transmitting and receiving apertures of the phased array ultrasonic probe array was determined.

[0018] Preferably, determining the transmitting and receiving aperture sequences of the phased array ultrasonic probe array specifically involves: determining the array element aperture and the number of array elements of the phased array ultrasonic probe array. B The array aperture electronic scanning step is step The sequence of the emission apertures of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is ( N - B ) / step Find the incident point at the coordinate interface of the center point of the transmitting aperture and obtain the range of the center coordinate position of the transmitting aperture; then, according to the sequence position of the transmitting aperture and the propagation path of the sound beam, set the coordinate position of the receiving aperture and the sequence of the receiving aperture so that the receiving aperture receives the echo signal reflected from the bottom surface of the workpiece.

[0019] Preferably, the pre-construction of phased array ultrasonic probe array beam attenuation calibration models for different structural types of test areas in step S4, and the calibration of the phased array ultrasonic signals collected from each test area, is based on calculating the longitudinal wave energy transmittance of the sound beam in the liquid-workpiece configuration according to the beam incident angle of the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Based on the incident angle of the sound beam from the phased array ultrasonic probe array on the bottom surface of the workpiece, calculate the reflectivity of the sound beam on the bottom surface of the workpiece. Let the acoustic beam signal acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe array be P j The calibrated sound beam signal For sound beam signal P j Divided by longitudinal wave energy transmittance With ability reflectivity It is obtained by multiplying the products.

[0020] Preferably, the step S4, which involves calculating the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal for each region to be tested, is performed by having the phased array ultrasonic probe array acquire... J After calibrating the acoustic beam signals, the attenuation coefficient of each calibrated acoustic beam signal is obtained. The attenuation coefficients are then summed and averaged to obtain the final value. JThe average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal.

[0021] Preferably, the pre-constructed grain size phased array ultrasonic evaluation model mentioned in step S5 specifically includes: using the same material as the workpiece to be tested with multiple curved surfaces, designing and fabricating comparative test blocks of convex-convex structure type, concave-concave structure type, convex-concave structure type, convex-sloping structure type, and concave-sloping structure type respectively. n One, processed by different heating temperatures n A comparison test block was obtained. n Comparative test blocks with different grain sizes; obtained using metallographic testing. n The actual grain sizes of the comparison test blocks were as follows: Obtain according to the content of steps S1-S4 n The acoustic beam signals acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe array of one comparison test block were used to obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal. The phased array ultrasonic evaluation model for grain size is defined as follows: ,in f The frequency of the ultrasonic probe, K These are the function coefficients.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention provides a phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation system for grain size of complex components, used to implement the method, comprising:

[0023] The test area classification module divides the test areas into different structural types based on the shape characteristics of the workpiece.

[0024] The acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path module is used to design the acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, and to design phased array ultrasonic detection parameters for the test area of ​​different structural types according to the size parameters of the workpiece.

[0025] The phased array ultrasonic probe array is configured with multiple array elements according to the phased array ultrasonic detection parameters. It is used to incident the sound beam through the emission aperture onto the upper surface interface of the workpiece, and then propagate to the bottom surface of the workpiece. After the sound beam is reflected by the center point of the bottom surface, it is again collected by the receiving aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array for each area to be tested.

[0026] The beam attenuation calibration model construction module is used to construct beam attenuation calibration models for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of different structural types in the test area, calibrate the phased array ultrasonic signals collected in each test area, and obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signals in each test area.

[0027] The phased array ultrasonic evaluation model construction module for grain size calculates the grain size of the test area based on the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal in each test area.

[0028] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that the computer program implements the method when executed by a processor.

[0029] The present invention provides a phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0030] (1) The present invention classifies complex components into complex structural types with different structures such as convex-convex, concave-concave, convex-concave, convex-sloping, and concave-sloping. By designing the beam focusing law and propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, the invention controls the incident sound beam on the curved surface and the reflection on the bottom surface, so that the array aperture receives the reflected signal from the bottom surface. This avoids the insufficiency of the ultrasonic probe being unable to receive the echo signal from the bottom surface due to the scattering of ultrasonic waves on the curved surface and total reflection on the bottom surface.

[0031] (2) A parameter design method for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays for different types of workpiece test areas is proposed. The design basis such as water layer height, transmitting aperture and receiving aperture position, and probe parameters is given. It can ensure that the array sound beams of each aperture of the phased array probe can be incident and reflected on the bottom surface within the complex component. By selecting reasonable detection parameters and probe parameters, the ultrasonic incident energy of the array sound beam and the intensity of the bottom reflected signal are improved, thereby enhancing the detection sensitivity of grain size of complex components.

[0032] (3) The phased array ultrasonic array beam signal calibration model can be used to correct the energy attenuation caused by oblique incidence of the array beam at different angles of the curved surface, and avoid the influence of beam energy attenuation on the scattering energy attenuation of the complex component material grains.

[0033] (4) A method for calculating the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic beam is proposed. It comprehensively considers the propagation and attenuation of each array beam in the workpiece, including the grain scattering information of a larger area of ​​the component and the scattering information of the array beam at different angles. The proposed average attenuation coefficient can better reflect the grain size information of complex components.

[0034] (5) A phased array ultrasonic evaluation model for grain size of different types of multi-curved surface structures was constructed. Based on the theoretical relationship between grain size of metal materials and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, the grain size evaluation mathematical model obtained by fitting the actual grain size of multiple comparative test blocks and the average attenuation coefficient of the array sound beam has higher reliability. By constructing phased array ultrasonic evaluation models for grain size of different types of structures, the grain size evaluation accuracy of complex components can be effectively improved. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the phased array ultrasonic zoning detection method and system for evaluating the grain size of complex components according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of phased array ultrasonic testing of a test area of ​​a planar-planar structure type, according to the present invention, a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of phased array ultrasonic testing of the test area of ​​a convex-convex structure type in the present invention, which is a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of phased array ultrasonic testing of the test area of ​​a concave-concave structure type in the present invention, which is a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of phased array ultrasonic testing of the test area of ​​a convex-concave structure type in the present invention, which is a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of phased array ultrasonic testing of a test area of ​​a convex-sloping structure type, which is a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of phased array ultrasonic testing of a test area of ​​a concave-sloping structure type, which is a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components according to the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of different types of curved surface structure simulation test blocks for a phased array ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for grain size of complex components according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sound beam propagation path for different types of curved surface structures in the ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method and system for the grain size of complex components according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, on one hand, the present invention provides a method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of the grain size of complex components, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1: The liquid immersion method is used in conjunction with a phased array ultrasonic probe array to detect workpieces with multiple curved surfaces, and the test areas of different structural types are divided according to the shape characteristics of the workpiece.

[0048] Specifically, based on the shapes of the workpiece's top and bottom surfaces, the shape features of the workpiece are divided into test areas of planar-planar structure type, convex-convex structure type, concave-concave structure type, convex-concave structure type, convex-sloping structure type, and concave-sloping structure type. It should be noted that the test areas of different structure types can be on the same workpiece or located on different workpieces. Figure 1 The workpiece described is merely an example and does not limit the content of this embodiment to this workpiece structure type.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, when detecting the grain size of the test area in a planar-planar structure, the sound beam is incident perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, reflected perpendicularly from the bottom plane of the workpiece, and then the array aperture receives the reflected signal from the bottom surface. For planar-planar structures, the array sound beam uses perpendicular incident and perpendicular reflection, and does not involve the design of the array sound beam propagation path or the sound beam deflection calibration, so this invention will not elaborate on these aspects. The analysis focuses only on the test areas for five types of structures: convex-convex, concave-concave, convex-concave, convex-sloping, and concave-sloping. A phased array ultrasonic probe array has multiple array elements, and several array elements form an aperture, resulting in a series of consecutive apertures in the phased array ultrasonic probe array; each aperture is used to emit or receive a corresponding sound beam.

[0050] S2: Construct phased array ultrasonic testing models for different structural types of test areas. By designing the beam focusing law and beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, the sound beam is incident from the upper surface of the workpiece, reflected by the bottom surface of the workpiece, and then received by the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Based on the size parameters of the workpiece, design phased array ultrasonic testing parameters for different structural types of test areas.

[0051] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the design of the acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array in step S2 is as follows: the acoustic beam of the transmitting aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is incident on the upper surface interface of the workpiece, and then propagates to the bottom surface of the workpiece. After the acoustic beam is reflected by the center point of the bottom surface, the signal is collected through the receiving aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array.

[0052] For workpieces with convex-convex or convex-concave structures in the test area, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin. The radius of the incident convex arc, the radius of the bottom arc, and the distance between the centers of the two arcs are defined. The interface equation of the convex surface of the workpiece near the phased array ultrasonic probe array is constructed. The beam focusing rule is: given the first... i The center point coordinates of the group of emission apertures are obtained to obtain the first i The coordinates of the incident point of the sound beam emitted by the group of emission apertures at the workpiece interface and the coordinates of the interface intersection point on the reflection path are used to calculate the propagation path of the sound beam in liquids and workpieces with convex-convex structures.

[0053] For workpieces with a concave-concave structure in the test area, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin. The radius of the incident concave arc, the radius of the bottom arc, and the distance between the centers of the two arcs are defined to construct the interface equation of the concave surface of the workpiece near the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Referring to the beam focusing law for convex-convex structures, the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the group of emission apertures are used to obtain the first... i The propagation path of the sound beam emitted by the set of emission apertures in liquids and concave-concave structure workpieces;

[0054] For workpieces with convex-sloping or concave-sloping structures in the area to be tested, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin to obtain the coordinate system equation for the bottom slope; the beam focusing rule is: given the first... i The center point coordinates of the group of emission apertures are obtained. i The coordinates of the incident point of the emitted sound beam at the workpiece interface, the coordinates of the interface intersection point on the reflection path, the coordinates of the reflection point of the sound beam on the inclined surface of the workpiece, and the center coordinates of the array receiving aperture are used to obtain the first... iThe propagation path of the sound beam emitted by the group of emission apertures in a convex-concave structure type.

[0055] Step S2, which describes designing phased array ultrasonic testing parameters for different structural types of the test area based on the workpiece's dimensional parameters, specifically involves: based on the workpiece's width... L and length S Define the height of the liquid through which the ultrasonic wave is transmitted. h Number of elements in a phased array ultrasonic probe array N Array element spacing p and total width D N The sequence of transmitting and receiving apertures of the phased array ultrasonic probe array was determined.

[0056] Specifically, determining the transmitting and receiving aperture sequences of the phased array ultrasonic probe array involves: determining the element aperture and number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array. B The array aperture electronic scanning step is step The sequence of the emission apertures of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is ( N - B ) / step Find the incident point at the coordinate interface of the center point of the transmitting aperture and obtain the range of the center coordinate position of the transmitting aperture; then, according to the sequence position of the transmitting aperture and the propagation path of the sound beam, set the coordinate position of the receiving aperture and the sequence of the receiving aperture so that the receiving aperture receives the echo signal reflected from the bottom surface of the workpiece.

[0057] The specific process will now be discussed for each of the different structural types of the test area.

[0058] A. For workpieces with a convex-convex structure in the area to be measured, the sound beam propagation path is obtained as follows: (e.g., ...) Figure 3 As shown, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin, and the horizontal extension direction of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the coordinate system. x axial direction, perpendicular to x axial direction y Direction, defined as the radius of the incident convex arc. R 1. The radius of the raised arc on the bottom surface is R 2. The distance between the centers of the two arcs is d The center coordinates are respectively O 1(0, R 1+h) and O 2(0, R 1+ h + d Then the interface equation of the workpiece near the convex surface of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is: , The angle of incidence of the sound beam at the workpiece interface. The angle of refraction of the sound beam in the workpiece. The angle of reflection of the sound beam in the workpiece. c 1 and c 2 represents the sound velocity of the sound beam in the liquid and the workpiece, respectively. By setting the sound beam focusing law of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, the deflection direction of the sound beam is controlled so that the sound beam is reflected at the center of the bottom surface of the workpiece and received by the phased array ultrasonic probe. In this embodiment, the given liquid is water and the workpiece material is steel.

[0059] The calculation method for the beam focusing law of a phased array ultrasonic probe array for a workpiece with a convex-convex structure is as follows: Taking the first... i Taking the group of emission apertures as an example, let the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the group of emission apertures are The coordinates of the incident point of its emitted sound beam at the workpiece interface are: The coordinates of the interface intersection point on the corresponding reflection path are According to the interface equation of the convex surface, the coordinates of the reflection point on the bottom surface are: ,in Based on geometric relationships, the propagation paths of the sound beam in the liquid and the workpiece are calculated as follows: , The propagation time of the sound beam in the liquid-workpiece dual-medium is: There is a unique unknown in the formula. According to Fermat's principle, the propagation of sound waves in a two-dielectric curved medium follows the principle of shortest time; the derivative of the propagation time is zero, i.e. The x-coordinate of the sound beam at the interface intersection point can be obtained. The parameters are obtained from the propagation time formula. Therefore, the first i The delay time of each element in the array of emission apertures is The coordinates of the refraction point at the other workpiece-liquid interface are... Connect the points in sequence. , , , and This forms a sound beam propagation path.

[0060] The parameter design method for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of convex-convex structure workpieces includes the following:

[0061] (1) Determine the liquid height h The workpiece length satisfies the following relationship: The minimum distance from the phased array ultrasonic probe array to the workpiece surface is the liquid height, and the limiting condition for the liquid height is... ;

[0062] (2) Selection of the number of probe array elements and the spacing between array elements: Based on the characteristics of the workpiece with a convex-convex structure, the total width of the phased array ultrasonic probe array shall not exceed the width of the workpiece. The total width is determined by the number of array elements and the spacing between array elements. , e The width of a single array element;

[0063] (3) Determine the sequence of transmitting and receiving apertures of the probe: Based on the transmitting aperture sequence, use the center coordinates of the transmitting apertures... For example, calculate the coordinates of the launch aperture center. x i The range of values ​​for; when When the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece is located below the center of the interface arc, the definition point is... The point where the arc of the sound beam intersects the tangent (tangent point) when the sound beam is incident; the sound beam angle. The equation of the line connecting the point of incidence and the point of tangency is... x Angle along the positive axis, angle For the incident normal and x Given the angle between the positive direction of the axis and a point on the circle, and the equation of the circle, find the equation of the tangent line passing through that point of tangency. ,in Since the incident point of the sound beam at the workpiece interface cannot exceed the workpiece boundary, it satisfies... The coordinates of the launch aperture center can be calculated using geometric relationships. x i for: ,in The location range of the center coordinates of the launch aperture is: ;

[0064] when When the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece is located above the center of the interface arc, the sound beam angle is... The following relationship must be satisfied: At the same time, the incident point cannot exceed the boundary between the convex and convex workpieces, that is, there is Based on the x-coordinate of the interface intersection point Based on the geometric relationship with the center coordinates of the launch aperture, calculate the center coordinates of the launch aperture. x i The setting range.

[0065] In one embodiment, given the radius of the incident convex arc... R 1 is 35mm, and the radius of the bottom arc is... R 2 is 35mm, the distance between the centers of the two arcs. d The workpiece width is 10mm. L The length of the workpiece is 70mm. SThe minimum distance from the center of the phased array ultrasonic probe array to the workpiece surface is 80mm. h =25mm. Speed ​​of sound in water. c 1 is the propagation speed in the workpiece, which is 1483 m / s. c 2 is 5900 m / s. In a coordinate system established with the midpoint of the phased array probe as the origin, the coordinates of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece are... F i (0, 105), with the coordinates of the center of a certain launch aperture I Taking (-16.2, 0) as an example, the sound beam propagation path is calculated. According to Fermat's principle, the coordinates of the incident point of the sound beam at the workpiece interface are calculated as follows: x 2i ≈-9.7, y 2i ≈26.37; According to reflection symmetry, the coordinates of the intersection point of the reflection interface are... Q j1 (9.7, 26.37), connect the points in sequence. I (-16.2, 0) Q i1 (-9.7, 26.37) F i (0, 105) Q j1 (9.7, 26.37) and J (16.2, 0) yields a sound beam propagation path in a workpiece with a convex-convex structure. The total number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array is selected. N The width of the array element is 64. e The element spacing is 0.5mm. p The total width of the probe is 0.6mm. D N The value is 38.3 mm. For the example workpiece shown, the selected phased array ultrasonic probe array satisfies the conditions for array beam incident and reflection for the convex-convex structure.

[0066] B. For workpieces with a concave-concave structure in the area to be tested, the sound beam propagation path is obtained as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the radius of the incident concave arc is also defined as... R 1. The radius of the concave arc at the bottom is R 2. The distance between the centers of the two circles is d The center coordinates are respectively and , with the first i Taking the group of emission apertures as an example, let the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the group of emission apertures are The coordinates of the incident point of its emitted sound beam at the workpiece interface are: The interface equation for the workpiece near the concave surface of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is: The coordinates of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece are The center ordinate of the concave bottom surface is The propagation path of the sound beam in the liquid and workpiece is calculated based on geometric relationships. Using Fermat's principle, the delay time for each aperture can be calculated. Based on the axisymmetric characteristics of the sound beam propagation path through the liquid and workpiece, the coordinates of the refraction points can be easily obtained as follows: and The aperture center coordinates of the receiving array element are Connect the points in sequence , , , and This forms a sound beam propagation path.

[0067] The parameter design method for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of concave-concave structure workpieces includes the following:

[0068] (1) Determine the liquid height h For the concave-concave structure parameters of the workpiece, the workpiece length can be obtained based on geometric relationships. S for: In a concave-concave structure workpiece, the minimum distance from the probe to the workpiece surface is: The liquid height also meets the limiting conditions. ;

[0069] (2) Selection of the number of probe array elements and the spacing between array elements: Similar to the parameter design of convex-convex structure type workpieces, the total width of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is determined by the number of array elements and the spacing between array elements: ;

[0070] (3) Determine the sequence of probe transmitting and receiving apertures: at the liquid height h Under the condition of determining the value, the coordinates of the center of the emission aperture are used. For example, to ensure that the array sound beam is reflected on the bottom surface of the workpiece, the center position of the aperture... x i There exists a range of extreme values. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the focal point of the reflection is known. Only when the incident refraction point is on the incident arc between the two tangent points can the refracted ultrasonic wave be focused on the midpoint of the bottom surface of the workpiece. The point where the arc of the sound beam intersects the tangent (tangent point) when the sound beam is incident; the sound beam angle. The equation of the line connecting the point of incidence and the point of tangency is... x Angle along the positive axis, angle For the incident normal andx The angle in the positive direction of the axis, relative to the beam angle Find the derivative and make the derivative zero. The center position of the launch aperture can be determined. x i The limit can be obtained based on the axial symmetry property. x i The range of values ​​for , the slope of the tangent line at a point on the circle is At the same time, the point of incidence cannot exceed the two extreme tangent points. , Let x be the x-coordinate of the limit point of tangency, that is, The range of coordinates of the center of the launch aperture is: .

[0071] In one embodiment, given the radius of the incident concave arc... R 1 is 35mm, and the radius of the bottom arc is... R 2 is 35mm, the distance between the centers of the two arcs. d The workpiece width is 10mm. L The length of the workpiece is 80mm. S The minimum distance from the center of the phased array ultrasonic probe array to the workpiece surface is 80mm. h =45mm. In a coordinate system established with the midpoint of the phased array probe as the origin, the coordinates of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece are: F i (0, 85), with the coordinates of the center of a certain launch aperture I Taking (-7.8, 0) as an example, the sound beam propagation path is calculated. According to Fermat's principle, the coordinates of the incident point of the sound beam at the workpiece interface are calculated as follows: x 2i ≈-19.27, y 2i ≈39.21; According to reflection symmetry, the coordinates of the intersection point of the reflection interface are... Q j1 (19.27, 39.21), the center coordinates of the receiving aperture are J (7, 8, 0), connect the points in sequence. I (-7.8, 0) Q i1 (-19.27, 39.21) F i (0, 85) Q j1 (19.27, 39.21) and J (7.8, 0) represents the sound beam propagation path in a workpiece with a concave-concave structure. The total number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array is selected. N The width of the array element is 64. eThe element spacing is 0.3mm. p The total width of the probe is 0.05mm. D N The value is 19.15 mm. For the example workpiece shown, the selected phased array ultrasonic probe array satisfies the conditions for array acoustic beam incident and reflection for the concave-concave structure.

[0072] C. For workpieces with a convex-concave surface structure in the area to be measured, such as Figure 5 As shown, the radius of the incident convex surface arc is defined as... R 1. The radius of the concave arc at the bottom is R 2. The distance between the centers of the two circles is d The center coordinates are respectively and The calculation method for the sound beam propagation path and the parameter design method for the phased array ultrasonic probe array of this structural type are exactly the same as those for the workpiece of the convex-convex structure type in Part A.

[0073] In one embodiment, given the radius of the incident convex arc... R 1 is 35mm, and the radius of the bottom arc is... R 2 is 35mm, the distance between the centers of the two arcs. d The workpiece width is 10mm. L The length of the workpiece is 50mm. S The minimum distance from the center of the phased array ultrasonic probe array to the workpiece surface is 80mm. h =25mm. In a coordinate system established with the midpoint of the phased array probe as the origin, the coordinates of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece are: F i (0, 75), the calculated coordinate range of the center position of the transmitting and receiving aperture is -60.5231mm ≤ x i ≤60.5831mm; based on the center coordinates of a certain emission aperture I Taking (-16.2, 0) as an example, calculate the key points in the sound beam propagation path. I (-16.2, 0) Q i1 (-9.4, 26.28) F i (0, 75) Q j1 (9.4, 26.28) and J (16.2, 0) yields the sound beam propagation path in a workpiece with a convex-concave structure. The total number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array is selected. N The width of the array element is 64. e The element spacing is 0.5mm. p The total width of the probe is 0.6mm.D N The value is 38.3 mm. For the example workpiece shown, the selected phased array ultrasonic probe array satisfies the conditions for array beam incident and reflection for the convex-concave structure.

[0074] D. For workpieces with a convex-sloping surface structure in the area to be tested, the sound beam propagation path is obtained as follows: (e.g.) Figure 6 As shown, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin, and the radius of the incident convex arc is... R 1. The angle of inclination of the bottom slope is... , The coordinate equation of the inclined plane is y = g ( x The expression for ) is The interface equation for the workpiece near the convex surface of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is: .

[0075] With the first i Taking the group of emission apertures as an example, let the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the group of emission apertures are The coordinates of the incident point of its emitted sound beam at the workpiece interface are: The coordinates of the interface intersection point on the corresponding reflection path are The coordinates of the sound beam's reflection point on the bottom surface are The propagation path of the array's sound beam can be calculated, and the x-coordinate of the sound beam at the interface intersection can be obtained according to Fermat's principle. x 2i The delay time for each aperture is calculated. Because the sound waves propagate within the workpiece, they are reflected at the bottom surface. Perform mirror reflection to obtain The equation of the straight line is: Through calculation The intersection of the straight line and the convex circular arc gives the coordinates of the refraction point in the sound beam reflection path. ,according to The equation of the normal to the interface between the straight line and the circular arc is used to obtain the incident angle of the reflected sound beam. According to the law of refraction, the angle of refraction of the reflected sound beam at the interface can be calculated. Based on the coordinates of the intersection point of the reflected sound beams at the interface and the refraction angle, the center coordinates of the array receiving aperture are calculated. for Connect the points in sequence. , , , and This forms a sound beam propagation path.

[0076] The parameter design method for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of workpieces with convex-sloping surface structures includes the following:

[0077] (1) Determine the liquid height h The liquid height also meets the limiting conditions. ;

[0078] (2) Selection of the number of probe array elements and the spacing between them: The total width of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is determined by the number of array elements and the spacing between them. ;

[0079] (3) Determine the sequence of the probe's transmitting aperture and receiving aperture: coordinates of the center point of the transmitting aperture, and the incident point at the interface. Must meet Referring to the array beam path calculation method for the convex-convex structure type in Part A, the center coordinates of the emission aperture can be calculated. x i The range is determined; then, based on the position of the transmitting aperture sequence and the propagation path of the sound beam, the coordinate position of the receiving aperture and the array element sequence are set to ensure that the array aperture can receive the echo signal reflected from the bottom surface of the workpiece.

[0080] In one embodiment, given the radius of the incident convex arc... R 1 is 35mm, workpiece width L The length of the workpiece is 70mm. S The minimum distance from the center of the phased array ultrasonic probe array to the workpiece surface is 80mm. h =25mm. First, determine the x-coordinate of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece. x 3i =17.5, then the ordinate of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece is y 3i ≈90.37, therefore the coordinates of the sound beam propagation reflection point are... F i (17.5, 90.37), with emission aperture I Taking (-16.2, 0) as an example, calculate the sound beam propagation path. x 2i ≈-5.188, y 2i ≈25.386. The coordinates of the intersection point of the reflection interface can be calculated by solving a system of simultaneous equations based on mathematical relationships. x 2j ≈4.013, y 2j ≈25.23, therefore the coordinates of the intersection point of the reflecting interface are... Q j1 (4.013, 25.23), the abscissa of the aperture center of the receiving array element can be calculated according to the mathematical equation. x j≈6.7, that is, the point is obtained. J (6.7,0). Connect the key points in sequence. I (-16.2, 0) Q i1 (-5.188, 25.386) F i (17.5, 90.37) Q j1 (4.013, 25.23) and J (6.7,0) yields a sound beam propagation path in a workpiece with a convex-sloping structure. The total number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array. N Array element width e Array element spacing p and total probe width D N The setup can be referenced from the example in Part A.

[0081] E. For workpieces with a concave-sloping surface structure in the area to be measured, the sound beam propagation path is obtained as follows: (e.g., ...) Figure 7 As shown, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin, assuming the radius of the incident concave arc is... The coordinates of the center of the circle are The angle of inclination of the inclined plane is The coordinate equation of the inclined plane is y = g ( x The expression for ) is ,in The minimum distance from the probe to the workpiece surface is D 0, the equation in the concave circular arc coordinate system is With the first i Taking the group of emission apertures as an example, calculate the sound beam propagation path of the concave-sloping structure, the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the aperture group are The coordinates of the incident point on the concave interface of the workpiece are The coordinates of the interface intersection point on the corresponding reflection path are The coordinates of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece are Because the sound waves propagate within the workpiece, they are reflected and focused at the bottom surface. Based on the mirror reflection of the base normal, we obtain The equation of the line is: ,straight line The line of intersection with the incident concave surface is the exit refraction point. Similar to the calculation method for workpieces with convex-sloping structures mentioned above, the coordinates of the refraction point along the reflection path can be calculated in a similar manner. and receiving aperture center coordinates Connect the points in sequence , , , and This forms a sound beam propagation path.

[0082] The parameter design method for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of concave-sloping structure workpieces is exactly the same as that for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of convex-sloping structure workpieces.

[0083] In one embodiment, given the radius of the incident convex arc... R 1 is 35mm, workpiece width L The length of the workpiece is 80mm. S The minimum distance from the center of the phased array ultrasonic probe array to the workpiece surface is 80mm. h =45mm. First, determine the x-coordinate of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece. x 3i =0, then the ordinate of the reflection point on the bottom surface of the workpiece is y 3i ≈94.28, therefore the coordinates of the sound beam propagation reflection point are... F i (0, 94.28), with emission aperture I Taking (-7.8, 0) as an example, calculate the sound beam propagation path. x 2i ≈-21.45, y 2i ≈37.65. The coordinates of the intersection point of the reflection interface can be calculated by solving a system of simultaneous equations based on mathematical relationships. x 2j ≈-5.38, y 2j ≈44.58, therefore the coordinates of the intersection point of the reflecting interface are... Q j1 (-5.38, 44.58), the abscissa of the aperture center of the receiving array element can be calculated according to the mathematical equation. x j ≈1.57, that is, the point is obtained. J (1.57,0). Connect the key points sequentially. I (-7.8, 0) Q i1 (-21.45, 37.65) F i (0, 94.28) Q j1 (-5.38, 44.58) and J (1.57,0) yields a sound beam propagation path in a workpiece with a concave-sloping surface structure. The total number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array.N Array element width e Array element spacing p and total probe width D N The setup can be referenced in the example provided in Part B.

[0084] S3: Based on the acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array and the phased array ultrasonic detection parameters, the grain size of the test area of ​​different structural types of the workpiece is detected, and the phased array ultrasonic signal of each test area is collected through the phased array ultrasonic probe array.

[0085] S4: Pre-construct phased array ultrasonic probe array beam attenuation calibration models for different structural types of test areas, calibrate the phased array ultrasonic signals collected from each test area, and calculate the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal for each test area.

[0086] The pre-construction of phased array ultrasonic probe array beam attenuation calibration models for different structural types of test areas in step S4, and the calibration of the phased array ultrasonic signals acquired from each test area, is based on the beam incident angle of the phased array ultrasonic probe array and the calculation of the longitudinal wave energy transmittance of the sound beam in the liquid-workpiece configuration. , ,in The longitudinal wave acoustic pressure transmittance of the arrayed acoustic beam in the liquid-workpiece medium is given by [reference to specific parameters]. , Z 1 represents the acoustic impedance of the liquid. Z 2 represents the acoustic impedance of the workpiece; based on the incident angle of the sound beam from the phased array ultrasonic probe array at the bottom surface of the workpiece, calculate the reflectivity of the sound beam at the bottom surface of the workpiece. , , , Let be the angle of refraction of the sound beam at the bottom surface of the workpiece; let the sound beam signal acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe array be... P j The calibrated sound beam signal For sound beam signal P j Divided by longitudinal wave energy transmittance With ability reflectivity The product of , .

[0087] In one embodiment, the step S4, which involves calculating the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal for each region under test, is performed by having the phased array ultrasonic probe array acquire... J Group-calibrated sound beam signal The attenuation coefficient of each group of calibrated acoustic beam signals is obtained, and the average value of the attenuation coefficients is calculated to obtain the final value.J The average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal. Wherein, the calibrated acoustic beam signal... The attenuation coefficient is ,in The amplitude of the echo signal at the workpiece interface. This represents the amplitude of the echo signal reflected from the bottom surface. J The average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal is .

[0088] S5: Substitute the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal of each test area into the pre-constructed phased array ultrasonic evaluation model of grain size to calculate the grain size of the test area.

[0089] The pre-constructed grain-size phased array ultrasonic evaluation model specifically includes: using the same material as the workpiece to be tested, which has multiple curved surfaces, such as... Figure 8 As shown in (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), comparative test blocks of convex-convex, concave-concave, convex-concave, convex-sloping, and concave-sloping structures were designed and fabricated, respectively. n One, processed by different heating temperatures n A comparison test block was obtained. n Comparative test blocks with different grain sizes; obtained using metallographic testing. n The actual grain sizes of the comparison test blocks were as follows: Obtain according to the content of steps S1-S4 n The acoustic beam signals acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe array of one comparison test block were used to obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal. The phased array ultrasonic evaluation model for grain size is defined as follows: ,in f The frequency of the ultrasonic probe, K These are the function coefficients.

[0090] According to Rayleigh scattering theory, when the grain size is much smaller than the ultrasonic wave length, the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient has the following relationship with the material grain size: Therefore, this invention defines a grain-size phased array ultrasonic evaluation model and introduces function coefficients. K After obtaining the function coefficients K Then, based on the average attenuation coefficient of the acoustic beam signal obtained in step S4 and the frequency of the ultrasonic probe, the actual grain size of the workpiece under test can be obtained.

[0091] On the other hand, the present invention provides a phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation system for grain size of complex components, used to implement the method, comprising:

[0092] The test area classification module divides the test areas into different structural types based on the shape characteristics of the workpiece.

[0093] The acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path module is used to design the acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, and to design phased array ultrasonic detection parameters for the test area of ​​different structural types according to the size parameters of the workpiece.

[0094] The phased array ultrasonic probe array is configured with multiple array elements according to the phased array ultrasonic detection parameters. It is used to incident the sound beam through the emission aperture onto the upper surface interface of the workpiece, and then propagate to the bottom surface of the workpiece. After the sound beam is reflected by the center point of the bottom surface, it is again collected by the receiving aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array for each area to be tested.

[0095] The beam attenuation calibration model construction module is used to construct beam attenuation calibration models for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of different structural types in the test area, calibrate the phased array ultrasonic signals collected in each test area, and obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signals in each test area.

[0096] The phased array ultrasonic evaluation model construction module for grain size calculates the grain size of the test area based on the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal in each test area.

[0097] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of the grain size of complex components using a phased array.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation method for grain size of complex components, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The liquid immersion method is used in conjunction with a phased array ultrasonic probe array to detect workpieces with multiple curved surfaces, and the test areas of different structural types are divided according to the shape characteristics of the workpiece; S2: Construct phased array ultrasonic testing models for test areas of different structural types. By designing the beam focusing law and beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, the sound beam is incident from the upper surface of the workpiece, reflected by the bottom surface of the workpiece, and received by the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Based on the size parameters of the workpiece, design phased array ultrasonic testing parameters for test areas of different structural types. S3: Based on the acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array and the phased array ultrasonic detection parameters, the grain size of the test area of ​​different structural types of the workpiece is detected, and the phased array ultrasonic signal of each test area is collected through the phased array ultrasonic probe array. S4: Pre-construct phased array ultrasonic probe array beam attenuation calibration models for different structural types of test areas, calibrate the phased array ultrasonic signals collected from each test area, and calculate the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal for each test area. S5: Substitute the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal of each test area into the pre-constructed phased array ultrasonic evaluation model of grain size to calculate the grain size of the test area.

2. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S1, which involves dividing the test area into different structural types based on the shape characteristics of the workpiece, is to divide the shape characteristics of the workpiece into test areas of convex-convex structure type, concave-concave structure type, convex-concave structure type, convex-sloping structure type, and concave-sloping structure type according to the shape of the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece.

3. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific content of designing the acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array in step S2 is as follows: the acoustic beam of the transmitting aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is incident on the upper surface interface of the workpiece, and then propagates to the bottom surface of the workpiece. After the acoustic beam is reflected by the center point of the bottom surface, the signal is collected through the receiving aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array. For workpieces with convex-convex or convex-concave structures in the test area, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin. The radius of the incident convex arc, the radius of the bottom arc, and the distance between the centers of the two arcs are defined. The interface equation of the convex surface of the workpiece near the phased array ultrasonic probe array is constructed. The beam focusing rule is: given the first... i The center point coordinates of the group of emission apertures are obtained to obtain the first i The coordinates of the incident point of the sound beam emitted by the group of emission apertures at the workpiece interface and the coordinates of the interface intersection point on the reflection path are used to calculate the propagation path of the sound beam in liquids and workpieces with convex-convex structures. For workpieces with a concave-concave structure in the test area, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin. The radius of the incident concave arc, the radius of the bottom arc, and the distance between the centers of the two arcs are defined to construct the interface equation of the concave surface of the workpiece near the phased array ultrasonic probe array. Referring to the beam focusing law for convex-convex structures, the first... i The coordinates of the center point of the group of emission apertures are used to obtain the first... i The propagation path of the sound beam emitted by the set of emission apertures in liquids and concave-concave structure workpieces; For workpieces with convex-sloping or concave-sloping structures in the area to be tested, a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the phased array ultrasonic probe array as the origin to obtain the coordinate system equation for the bottom slope; the beam focusing rule is: given the first... i The center point coordinates of the group of emission apertures are obtained. i The coordinates of the incident point of the emitted sound beam at the workpiece interface, the coordinates of the interface intersection point on the reflection path, the coordinates of the reflection point of the sound beam on the inclined surface of the workpiece, and the center coordinates of the array receiving aperture are used to obtain the first... i The propagation path of the sound beam emitted by the group of emission apertures in a convex-concave structure type.

4. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2, which describes designing phased array ultrasonic testing parameters for different structural types of test areas based on the workpiece's dimensional parameters, specifically involves: based on the workpiece's width... L and length S Define the height of the liquid through which the ultrasonic wave is transmitted. h Number of elements in a phased array ultrasonic probe array N Array element spacing p and total width D N The sequence of transmitting and receiving apertures of the phased array ultrasonic probe array was determined.

5. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of the transmitting and receiving aperture sequences of the phased array ultrasonic probe array specifically involves: determining the element aperture and number of elements in the phased array ultrasonic probe array. B The array aperture electronic scanning step is step The sequence of the emission apertures of the phased array ultrasonic probe array is ( N - B ) / step Find the incident point at the coordinate interface of the center point of the transmitting aperture and obtain the range of the center coordinate position of the transmitting aperture; then, according to the sequence position of the transmitting aperture and the propagation path of the sound beam, set the coordinate position of the receiving aperture and the sequence of the receiving aperture so that the receiving aperture receives the echo signal reflected from the bottom surface of the workpiece.

6. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pre-construction of phased array ultrasonic probe array beam attenuation calibration models for different structural types of test areas in step S4, and the calibration of the phased array ultrasonic signals acquired from each test area, is based on the beam incident angle of the phased array ultrasonic probe array and the calculation of the longitudinal wave energy transmittance of the sound beam in the liquid-workpiece configuration. Based on the incident angle of the sound beam from the phased array ultrasonic probe array on the bottom surface of the workpiece, calculate the reflectivity of the sound beam on the bottom surface of the workpiece. ; Let the acoustic beam signal acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe array be P j The calibrated sound beam signal For sound beam signal P j Divided by longitudinal wave energy transmittance With ability reflectivity It is obtained by multiplying the products.

7. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step S4, which involves calculating the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal for each region under test, is to allow the phased array ultrasonic probe array to acquire... J After calibrating the acoustic beam signals, the attenuation coefficient of each calibrated acoustic beam signal is obtained. The attenuation coefficients are then summed and averaged to obtain the final value. J The average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal.

8. The method for phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of grain size of complex components according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pre-constructed grain size phased array ultrasonic evaluation model mentioned in step S5 specifically includes: using the same material as the workpiece to be tested with multiple curved surfaces, designing and fabricating comparative test blocks of convex-convex, concave-concave, convex-concave, convex-sloping, and concave-sloping structure types respectively. n One, processed by different heating temperatures n A comparison test block was obtained. n Comparative test blocks with different grain sizes; obtained using metallographic testing. n The actual grain sizes of the comparison test blocks were as follows: Obtain according to the content of steps S1-S4 n The acoustic beam signals acquired by the phased array ultrasonic probe array of one comparison test block were used to obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the calibrated acoustic beam signal. The phased array ultrasonic evaluation model for grain size is defined as follows: ,in f The frequency of the ultrasonic probe, K These are the function coefficients.

9. A phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation system for grain size of complex components, used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The test area classification module divides the test areas into different structural types based on the shape characteristics of the workpiece. The acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path module is used to design the acoustic beam focusing law and acoustic beam propagation path of the phased array ultrasonic probe array, and to design phased array ultrasonic detection parameters for the test area of ​​different structural types according to the size parameters of the workpiece. The phased array ultrasonic probe array is configured with multiple array elements according to the phased array ultrasonic detection parameters. It is used to incident the sound beam through the emission aperture onto the upper surface interface of the workpiece, and then propagate to the bottom surface of the workpiece. After the sound beam is reflected by the center point of the bottom surface, it is again collected by the receiving aperture of the phased array ultrasonic probe array for each area to be tested. The beam attenuation calibration model construction module is used to construct beam attenuation calibration models for phased array ultrasonic probe arrays of different structural types in the test area, calibrate the phased array ultrasonic signals collected in each test area, and obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signals in each test area. The phased array ultrasonic evaluation model construction module for grain size calculates the grain size of the test area based on the average attenuation coefficient of the phased array ultrasonic probe array signal in each test area.

10. A computer storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images