Method for mixed planting of roughhaired holly, liquidambar formosana hance and poria cocos

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for mixed planting of roughhaired holly, sweetgum and poria cocos. The method is a new under-forest economic compound management afforestation mode with mixed arbor and shrub, intercropping of forest, fungi and drugs and combination of short, medium and long. Pine forest cutting slash is selected, holly root and sweetgum are planted in an arbor-shrub mixed mode according to the proportion of 1: 1, the density is 260-400 plants per mu, early vegetation coverage of the afforestation land can be accelerated, the amount of fallen leaves on the forest land can be increased, soil fertility can be improved, and forest growth can be promoted; 130-200 plants of roughhaired holly are intercropped and intercropped per mu and can be harvested as a traditional Chinese medicinal material after 5 years, and the economic income per mu is increased by 2000-3000 yuan; poria cocos fungi are planted in pine stumps, the production cycle is 1-2 years, the economic income can be increased by about 2000 yuan per mu, and the Poria cocos fungi accelerate rotting and decomposing of the stumps, increase the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil structure and promote growth of roughhaired holly and sweetgum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of planting technology, and specifically relates to a mixed afforestation method, and is particularly suitable for a mixed planting technology of Rhapis fasciata, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos. Background Art

[0002] Ilexa spreng (Ilexa spreng), also known as plum-leaf holly and scale star tree, is a deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Ilex in the Aquifoliaceae family. It is primarily distributed in hilly and low mountainous areas of subtropical climates, often growing in sparse mountain forests at altitudes of 300 to 800 meters or in valley roadside thickets. It is primarily found in Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi provinces, where it is a common shrub found in sparse woodlands and evergreen broad-leaved forests throughout Fujian's counties and cities. Ilexa spreng has high medicinal value and is listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, the Guangdong Provincial Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Fujian Materia Medica. Its roots and stems are used as medicine, boasting properties such as clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, relieving sore throats and swelling, and relieving pain. It is used to treat colds, fevers, coughs caused by lung heat, thirst due to loss of fluid due to fever, sore throats, and painful injuries caused by trauma. It is a key ingredient in formulas such as 999 Ganmaoling Granules and Wanglaoji, and is in high demand. Currently, it relies primarily on wild resources, but with these resources becoming increasingly scarce, raw Ilexa spreng cannot meet market demand. For a long time, there has been a lack of in-depth and systematic research on the artificial cultivation of Prunus armeniaca. There are few existing artificial afforestations, and most of them are pure forests planted in flat dry land or farmland. There are very few mixed afforestations with tree species on forest land.

[0003] Liquidambar formosana Hance is a deciduous tree in the Hamamelidaceae family, reaching heights of up to 30 meters, with a maximum diameter at breast height of 1 meter. Its bark is gray-brown and it is highly resistant to wind, rain, snow, and toxic gases. It is an important native tree species in southern my country. Its round, straight trunk, lush branches and foliage, and rapid growth produce a large annual drop of deadwood and leaves, which are easily decomposed and contribute significantly to soil fertility. Liquidambar formosana wood is not only used for furniture and packaging, but also as an excellent raw material for cultivating edible fungi. Its entire plant is used as a medicinal plant, and its leaves, which turn red in autumn, also make it a landscape tree. Existing mixed plantings of Liquidambar formosana are primarily with other tree species, while mixed plantings with the shrub species, Cibotium barbatum, are rarely reported. Mixed plantings of Cibotium barbatum and Liquidambar formosana represent a new ecological afforestation model that combines mixed plantings of trees and shrubs with intercropping of medicinal plants. This not only expands the scope of Cibotium barbatum plantations but also enriches Liquidambar formosana afforestation models. This can accelerate forest cover, reduce soil erosion, increase biodiversity in planted forests, and enhance forest ecological functions.

[0004] Poria cocos belongs to the genus Poria of the family Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes. It is commonly known as pine ling, poria rabbit, pine cypress jade, etc. It is saprophytic or parasitic on the roots of Pinus massoniana or Pinus densiflora, plants of the Pinaceae family. It was first recorded in the "Shennong Bencao Jing" and listed as a top-grade product. It tastes sweet and light, is neutral in nature, and enters the heart and spleen meridians. It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dispelling dampness, strengthening the spleen and calming the mind. It is mainly used to treat symptoms such as dysuria, edema, spleen and stomach qi deficiency, poor appetite and loose stools, fatigue, restlessness, palpitations and insomnia. According to estimates by the medical department, the country needs about 30,000 to 40,000 tons of dried Poria cocos each year, and it takes about 20m3 to produce 1 ton of dried Poria cocos. 3 The production of Poria cocos requires a large amount of pine wood each year, increasing the burden on ecological conservation. Using pine stumps leftover from logging to grow Poria cocos can turn waste into treasure, reducing pine felling and increasing Poria cocos production. Poria cocos fungi can also accelerate the decomposition of stumps, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and promote forest growth.

[0005] After searching patents and cultivation research literature related to methods for mixed planting of holly, sweetgum, and poria, CN202411538688.9 announced "An ecological planting method for holly", CN202311813637.8 announced "A cultivation method for holly", CN201910423533.3 announced "A planting method for sweetgum medicinal materials", and CN201210481386.3 announced "A method for planting poria using pine tree stumps". However, the relevant literature only found patents for mixed afforestation methods of holly and fir, sweetgum with fir, masson pine, etc., as well as patents for methods for planting poria using pine tree stumps. There are no related patents or cultivation research literature reports on methods for mixed planting of holly, sweetgum, and poria. The mixed planting of holly, sweetgum, and poria has significant economic, social, and ecological benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a method for mixed planting of Chinese rhododendron chinense, Liquidambar formosana, and Poria cocos in pine felled areas. The method expands the range of tree species selection for mixed planting of Chinese rhododendron chinense and Liquidambar formosana, adopts an ecological planting model of mixed planting of trees and shrubs and intercropping of forest fungi and medicinal herbs, effectively improves the utilization rate of forest land space, innovatively develops the forest economy, effectively utilizes pine felling residues, reduces the damage caused by pine wood nematode disease, and well solves the problems of Chinese rhododendron chinense Chinese medicinal material planting competing with grain for land and poor stress resistance of single-species afforestation stands. The method is used to construct mixed multi-layer stands of Chinese rhododendron chinense, Liquidambar formosana, and Poria cocos for composite management, which can effectively tap and cultivate the "four reservoirs" functions of forests.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana, and Poria cocos comprises the following steps: 1) Planting site selection: Select pine forest felling sites with an altitude of 300-800m, a slope of less than 30°, a mid-to-low slope, and a site quality grade of III or above; 2) Forest land clearing and land preparation: From September to December, the forest land should be cleared by burning or harrowing. The pit preparation method is to dig open holes with a planting spacing of 1.3-1.6m×1.3-1.6m (density 260-400 holes / mu). The hole size is 40cm×30cm×30cm. Apply 0.25kg of compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 45% (N: 15%, P2O5: 15%, K2O: 15%) to each hole as base fertilizer. After fertilization, mix the topsoil evenly. The backsoil should be arched and 10cm higher than the hole surface. 3) Seedling Selection: Choose one-year-old seedlings of safflower and sweetgum. The root systems must be intact, undamaged, and free of pests and diseases. Specifications for safflower seedlings: Seedling height ≥ 35 cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.35 cm; specifications for sweetgum seedlings: Seedling height ≥ 55 cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.55 cm. Before planting, the roots of bare-root seedlings must be dipped in a slurry made from yellow heart soil. 4) Mixed planting method and proportion selection: For mixed planting of Prunus mume and Liquidambar formosana, choose a vertical row inter-row mixed planting method with a ratio of 1:1; 5) Planting of Rhus chinensis and Liquidambar formosana: Choose cloudy or lightly rainy days from January to March for planting. When planting, first dig holes and place the seedlings in them. Plant them squarely, cover with soil, and compact them tightly. Plant at an appropriate depth so that the roots are not buried. The ideal planting depth is so that the rootstock is slightly above the ground. 6) Poria cocos planting: From May to October, select pine stumps with a ground diameter of more than 14 cm and not rotten. Peel the bark and dry it in the sun to prevent ants. Saw a new cut about 5 to 8 cm from the top of the stump, leaving a quarter below the mountain. Split the cut to form the inoculation surface. Select a high-quality Poria cocos strain made with corn kernels as the cultivation medium. Score a 1 cm wide and 10 cm long inoculation seam in the fungus bag. Press the seam downwards on the inoculation surface of the stump and secure it with plastic tape. Determine the strain of fungus, use a plastic bag filled with soil to cover the top of the felled stump and the strain, and cover the plastic bag with branches, weeds and wood blocks to prevent wind and rain. The dosage of Poria cocos strain is: 350g for felled stumps with a diameter of less than 20cm, 700g for those with a diameter of 20-30cm, and 1050g for those over 30cm. After inoculating Poria cocos, strengthen inspection and management to prevent damage by insects, ants and animals, and promptly cover the cracks in the soil around the felled stump or any Poria cocos exposed on the soil surface with soil. 7) Nurturing and Management: After planting, the Chinese honeysuckle and liquidambar formosana should be tended continuously for four years. In the first and second years, tending should be done twice a year, from April to June and from August to October, by enlarging the holes, building up the soil, weeding, and loosening the soil, and taking care to protect the Poria cocos. In the third and fourth years, tending should be done once a year, from July to September, by weeding and chopping weeds. In the first four years after planting, topdress the Chinese honeysuckle once a year in conjunction with tending. Dig a half-moon ditch about 20 to 40 cm long near the roots of the plants, cover the soil promptly after fertilization, and apply 0.10 to 0.25 kg of compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 45% (N: 15%, P2O5: 15%, K2O: 15%) to each plant each time. The amount of fertilizer applied should be gradually increased each year. 8) Shaping and Pruning: In the autumn and winter of the second to fifth year after planting, use hacksaws and pruning shears to remove branches less than one-third of the height of the sweetgum tree and any side branches that affect the growth of the sweetgum. Remove diseased, dead, and weak branches from the sweetgum tree, and prune appropriately to control the height of the sweetgum tree to 2.0 to 2.5 meters. 9) Pest Control: Liquidambar leaf spot, loopers, and oak caterpillars are the primary targets for control; Amaranth is primarily targeted at deadwood, stem rot, loopers, and tortoise shell moths; and Poria cocos is primarily targeted at termites. Control methods adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive management," employing a combination of agricultural, physical, biological, and chemical measures. 10) Poria cocos harvesting: From March to May of the second year after planting, dig up mature Poria cocos around the pine tree stumps. After the first harvest, promptly backfill the soil and harvest all the plants again after 4 to 6 months. Be careful to protect the seedlings and saplings during the harvesting process. 11) Harvesting of Chinese honeysuckle: Chinese honeysuckle can be harvested 5 years after planting, with the stems and branches above ground and the roots underground harvested in autumn and winter. Liquidambar trees should continue to be cultivated according to the "Technical Regulations for Liquidambar Cultivation" LY / T 2459-2015. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. Improved ecological benefits. Planting mixed trees, shrubs, and poria cocos with pine trees can increase biodiversity and improve the health and stability of forest ecosystems compared to traditional tree-based mixed or pure forest plantings. Planting mixed trees with pine trees at a density of 260 to 400 plants per mu (approximately 1:1) can accelerate early vegetation cover, enhance soil water conservation, and promote tree growth. As a broadleaf deciduous shrub with a relatively shallow root system, planting mixed trees with poria cocos can increase leaf fall, fully utilize nutrients from different soil layers, improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, and significantly enhance forest ecological functions. Planting poria cocos on pine stumps reduces pine deforestation, transforming waste into valuable resources and conserving forest resources. Mixed plantings of pine trees with poria cocos can also enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of forest stands. The pine trees produce abundant flowers and fruits in spring and summer, interspersed with the poria cocos, and their red maple leaves in autumn create a diverse and beautiful landscape.

[0008] 2. Increased economic benefits. The mixed planting of sweetgum, liquidambar and poria can realize a forest compound management model that combines short, medium and long-term management. Poria can be harvested after 1-2 years of planting, and can generate economic benefits of 1,500-2,000 yuan per mu; sweetgum can be harvested again after 5 years of planting and sold as a Chinese medicinal material. It can be dug up with the roots in one go to obtain a higher profit, or the above-ground stems and root stumps can be harvested to continue sprouting and renewing for multiple rounds of harvesting, and continuous benefits can be obtained in batches. Planting 130 to 200 sweetgum plants per mu can generate economic benefits of 2,000 to 3,000 yuan. The growth cycle of liquidambar is relatively long. After mixed planting with sweetgum, the density of liquidambar can be appropriately reduced (130 plants / mu to 200 plants / mu). Pruning of liquidambar during young forest tending can provide space for the growth of sweetgum and is more conducive to cultivating large-diameter, knot-free sweetgum wood, thereby improving the quality and value of sweetgum wood. Mixed planting of sweetgum, liquidambar and poria can achieve multiple harvests of timber and medicinal materials, effectively tap and cultivate the "four reservoirs" functions of forests, and greatly improve the utilization rate and comprehensive benefits of forest land.

[0009] 3. Improvement of forest stand quality. Mixed planting of Chinese hawthorn, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos, each growing at different levels, can make full use of light, nutrients and water, and can build a multifunctional high-quality forest stand that is mutually beneficial, symbiotic and mutually reinforcing. First, it can promote the early closure of newly planted forests (the closure degree can reach above 0.3 in the second year, and all can be converted into forests in the third year); Liquidambar formosana grows faster and occupies the upper layer of the canopy, which can provide a certain shade environment for Chinese hawthorn, which is conducive to the early growth of Chinese hawthorn. Chinese hawthorn is located in the middle and lower layers of the canopy, which can improve the microclimate under the forest, reduce weeds and promote tree growth; Poria cocos can accelerate the decay and decomposition of stumps, increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil structure, promote the growth of Chinese hawthorn and Liquidambar formosana, and significantly improve the quality of the forest stand and its multifunctional benefits. Therefore, mixed planting of Chinese hawthorn, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos has significant advantages in ecology, economy, carbon sequestration and landscape. It can effectively improve forest quality, enhance the health and stability of forest ecosystems, and is conducive to the realization of sustainable forest management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0011] Example 1: A method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana, and Poria cocos comprises the following steps: 1) Planting site selection: In 2021, a pine forest felling site at the Fanyuan Mountain Farm in Songkou, Tianyuan Management Station, Qingliu State-owned Forest Farm was selected (forestry management sub-groups are 046 forest group, 01 large group, 100 small group, 07 large group, 100 small group, and 048 forest group, 07 large group, 020 small group, 030 small group, and 060 small group). The site is located at 116°51′42″ east longitude and 52°05′26″ north latitude, with an altitude of 310m to 375m, a slope of 25°C, a medium-low slope, and a site quality grade of III, i.e., medium fertility (site quality grades are classified according to the "Forest Site Quality Classification and Site Quality Grades" (DB35T-169-2022), taking into account the site sub-region, landform type, slope position, soil thickness, and humus thickness of the forest land). The area is 16.8 hm. 2 .

[0012] 2) Forest Land Clearing and Land Preparation: In November, the forest land was cleared using the mountain-burning method. Using the pit-shaped land preparation method, open holes were dug with a spacing of 1.3-1.6 m and a density of 260-400 holes per mu. The hole specifications were 40 cm wide, 30 cm deep, and 30 cm wide. A basal fertilizer of 0.25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N: 15%, P2O5: 15%, K2O: 15%) with a total nutrient content of 45% was applied to each hole. After fertilization, the topsoil was mixed thoroughly and the soil was formed into a bow shape, 10 cm above the hole surface.

[0013] 3) Stock Selection: Stock Type and Specifications: Select one-year-old bare-root seedlings of Chinese plum and sweetgum. The root systems should be intact, undamaged, and free of pests and diseases. Sweetgum is sourced from the Guanzhuang State Forest Farm's guaranteed nursery, with a base diameter ≥ 0.55 cm and an average height ≥ 55 cm. Chinese plum is sourced from a local nursery in Qingliu, with base diameter ≥ 0.35 cm and a height ≥ 35 cm. Before planting, dip the bare-root seedlings in a slurry made from yellow heart soil.

[0014] 4) Selection of mixed planting method and proportion: For mixed planting of Rhapis dasyphylla and Liquidambar formosana, choose a mixed planting method with vertical columns between rows along vertical contour lines, and the mixed planting ratio should be 1:1.

[0015] 5) Planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae and Liquidambar formosana: Planting should be carried out on cloudy or lightly rainy days in March 2022. When planting, first dig holes and place the seedlings in the holes. Plant them properly, cover with soil, and compact them tightly. The planting depth should be appropriate and should not bury the roots. The ideal planting depth should be such that the rootstock is slightly above the ground.

[0016] 6) Poria cocos Planting: From May to October 2022, select unrotten pine stumps with a ground diameter of at least 14 cm. Peel the bark and dry it in the sun to prevent termites. Saw a new cut horizontally about 5-8 cm from the top of the stump, leaving a quarter uncut below the slope. Split the cut to form the inoculation surface. Select a high-quality Poria cocos fungus strain grown with corn kernels. Score a 1 cm wide and 10 cm long inoculation slit in the fungus bag. Press the bag down onto the stump, securing the slit with plastic tape. Cover the stump and the slit with soil in a plastic bag. Cover the bag with branches, weeds, and wood to protect it from wind and rain. The dosage of Poria cocos fungus is 350 g for stumps under 20 cm in diameter, 700 g for those 20-30 cm in diameter, and 1050 g for those over 30 cm in diameter. After inoculating Poria cocos, strengthen inspection and management to prevent damage from insects, ants and animals, and promptly cover the soil cracks around the felled stumps where sclerotia grow.

[0017] 7) Nurturing and management: After planting, the Chinese honeysuckle and liquidambar formosana should be nurtured continuously for 4 years: from 2022 to 2023, they should be nurtured twice a year from April to June and from August to October, and the methods of expanding holes, fertilizing, weeding and loosening the soil should be adopted, and attention should be paid to protecting the Poria cocos; from 2024 to 2025, they should be nurtured once from July to September; from the 1st to 4th year after planting, the Chinese honeysuckle should be fertilized once a year in combination with nurturing, and a half-moon shaped ditch about 20 to 40 cm long should be dug near the roots of the plants. After fertilization, the soil should be covered in time, and 0.10 to 0.25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer (N: 15%, P2O5: 15%, K2O: 15%) with a total nutrient content of 45% should be applied to each plant each time. The amount of fertilizer should be increased gradually year by year according to 0.10 kg / plant, 0.15 kg / plant, 0.20 kg / plant and 0.25 kg / plant.

[0018] 8) Shaping and pruning: Starting from 2023, every autumn and winter, use hacksaws and pruning shears to prune branches that are less than one-third of the height of the liquidambar tree and side branches that affect the growth of the sweetgum; cut off diseased, dead and weak branches of the sweetgum, and prune appropriately to control the tree trunk height to 2.0-2.5m.

[0019] 9) Pest Control: Liquidambar leaf spot, geometrids, and oak caterpillars are the primary targets for control; sedge blight, stem rot, geometrids, and scutellaria are the primary targets for control; and Poria cocos cultivation focuses on termites. Control methods adhere to the principle of "prevention first, integrated management," employing conventional agricultural, physical, biological, and chemical control measures.

[0020] 10) Poria cocos harvesting: From March to May 2023, harvest mature Poria cocos around pine tree stumps. Cover the area with soil promptly after the first harvest. Harvest all of the Poria cocos again from August to October 2023. Protect young trees and seedlings during the harvesting process.

[0021] 11) Harvesting: Prunus mume can be harvested five years after planting, with the stems and roots collected in autumn and winter. Liquidambar formosana continues to be cultivated according to the "Liquidambar formosana Cultivation Technical Regulations" LY / T 2459-2015.

[0022] Comparative Example 1: The only difference from Example 1 is that in step 2), 0.15 kg of base fertilizer is applied to each hole.

[0023] Comparative Example 2: The only difference from Example 1 is that no basal fertilizer is applied in step 2).

[0024] Comparative Example 3: The only difference from Example 1 is that in step 4), the interplanting method adopts interplanting.

[0025] Comparative Example 4: The only difference from Example 1 is that in step 7), topdressing is performed by broadcasting.

[0026] Comparative Example 5: The only difference from Example 1 is that in step 8), the Liquidambar formosana is not pruned.

[0027] Comparative Example 6: The only difference from Example 1 is that a pure Liquidambar formosana forest is planted.

[0028] Comparative Example 7: The only difference from Example 1 is that a pure forest of Prunus mume was planted.

[0029] Comparative Example 8: The only difference from Example 1 is that no Poria cocos was planted.

[0030] In December 2023, Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were investigated and measured. Three sample plots were set up for each case, and the area of ​​each sample plot was 20m×20m. The growth of Prunus mume and Liquidambar formosana in the sample plot was investigated for each tree, and the ground diameter, tree height, crown width, and survival rate (the percentage of surviving plants in a certain afforestation area to the original total number of plants) were investigated respectively. The survey data were statistically analyzed, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1 The survival rate, ground diameter, tree height, crown width and other growth conditions of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae and Liquidambar formosanae planted for 2 years From the data in Table 1 we can see that: 1) Compared with Comparative Example 1, the average preservation rate of Example 1 increased by 1.2 percentage points, the average ground diameter increased by 32.9%, the average tree height increased by 12.4%, and the average crown width increased by 7.8%. The average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana increased by 2.1 percentage points, the average ground diameter increased by 10.5%, the average tree height increased by 12.9%, and the average crown width increased by 13.0%.

[0032] 2) Compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 1 showed an average preservation rate of 3.9 percentage points higher than that of Comparative Example 2, an average ground diameter higher than that of 62.6%, an average tree height higher than that of 42.6%, and an average canopy width higher than that of 47.1%. The average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana increased by 2.8 percentage points, an average ground diameter higher than that of 19.5%, an average tree height higher than that of 27.3%, and an average canopy width higher than that of 25.0%.

[0033] 3) Compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 1 showed an average preservation rate of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae increased by 1.7 percentage points, an average ground diameter increased by 40.8%, an average tree height increased by 14.1%, and an average crown width increased by 8.7%. The average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana increased by 3.0 percentage points, an average ground diameter increased by 12.6%, an average tree height increased by 4.7%, and an average crown width increased by 7.4%.

[0034] 4) Compared with Comparative Example 4, Example 1 showed an average preservation rate of Rhapis chinensis increased by 1.3 percentage points, an average ground diameter increased by 29.8%, an average tree height increased by 16.7%, and an average crown width increased by 10.6%. The average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana increased by 2.3 percentage points, an average ground diameter increased by 11.7%, an average tree height increased by 12.0%, and an average crown width increased by 16.1%.

[0035] 5) Compared with Comparative Example 5, Example 1 showed an average preservation rate of 0.7 percentage points higher, an average ground diameter higher by 57.3%, an average tree height higher by 33.9%, and an average crown width higher by 16.8%. The average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana increased by 1.9 percentage points, an average ground diameter higher by 11.5%, an average tree height higher by 6.3%, and an average crown width lower by -3.7%.

[0036] 6) Compared with Comparative Example 6, the average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana in Example 1 increased by 3.3 percentage points, the average ground diameter increased by 24.4%, the average tree height increased by 25.10%, and the average crown width increased by 18.2%.

[0037] 7) Compared with Comparative Example 7, the average preservation rate of Example 1 increased by 3.4 percentage points, the average ground diameter increased by 65.0%, the average tree height increased by 31.6%, and the average crown width increased by 5.9%.

[0038] 8) Compared with Comparative Example 8, the average preservation rate of Example 1 increased by 0.6 percentage points, the average ground diameter increased by 27.4%, the average tree height increased by 17.6%, and the average crown width increased by 15.7%. The average preservation rate of Liquidambar formosana increased by 1.5 percentage points, the average ground diameter increased by 11.2%, the average tree height increased by 13.3%, and the average crown width increased by 15.0%.

[0039] Table 2 Example 1 Poria cocos output value statistics From the above, it can be seen that the mixed forest planting method of the present invention not only promotes the growth of Rhapis dasyphylla and Liquidambar formosana, but also can obtain greater economic benefits in the short term, realizing a composite management model combining short, medium and long term.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all possible implementations here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana, and Poria cocos, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Planting site selection: Choose a pine forest felling site with an altitude of 300-800m and a slope of less than 30°; 2) Forest land clearing and land preparation: From September to December, clear the forest land by burning or harrowing. Using the pit preparation method, dig open holes with a spacing of 1.3-1.6m x 1.3-1.6m between rows and plants. Apply basal fertilizer, then mix the topsoil thoroughly. The topsoil should be arched and 10cm above the hole surface. 3) Seedling Selection: Choose one-year-old seedlings of safflower and sweetgum. The root systems must be intact, undamaged, and free of pests and diseases. Specifications for safflower seedlings: Seedling height ≥ 35 cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.35 cm; specifications for sweetgum seedlings: Seedling height ≥ 55 cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.55 cm. Before planting, the roots of bare-root seedlings must be dipped in a paste made with yellow heart soil. 4) Mixed planting method and proportion selection: Mixed planting of Prunus mume and Liquidambar formosana in a 1:1 ratio; 5) Planting of Rhus chinensis and Liquidambar formosana: Choose cloudy or lightly rainy days from January to March for planting. First, dig a hole and place the seedling in it. Plant it squarely, cover with soil, and compact it tightly. Plant at an appropriate depth so that the roots are not buried. Ideally, plant at a depth where the rootstock is slightly above the ground. 6) Poria cocos planting: From May to October, select unrotten pine stumps with a ground diameter of at least 14 cm. Peel the bark and dry it in the sun to prevent termites. Saw a new cut horizontally about 5-8 cm from the top of the stump, leaving a quarter uncut below the slope. Split the cut to form the inoculation surface. Select a high-quality Poria cocos fungus strain. Score a 1 cm wide and 10 cm long inoculation slit in the fungus bag. Press the slit down onto the stump inoculation surface. Secure the fungus strain with plastic tape. Cover the top of the stump and the strain with soil in a plastic bag. Cover the bag with branches, weeds, and wood to protect it from wind and rain. The amount of Poria cocos fungus used is: 350 g for stumps under 20 cm in diameter, 700 g for those 20-30 cm in diameter, and 1050 g for those over 30 cm. After inoculation with Poria cocos, strengthen inspection and management to prevent damage from insects, ants, and animals. Promptly cover any cracks in the soil around the stump where sclerotia are growing. 7) Nurturing and Management: After planting, the holly and sweetgum trees should be tended continuously for four years. In the first two years, tend twice a year, from April to June and from August to October, by enlarging the holes, building up the soil, weeding, and loosening the soil, while also protecting the Poria cocos. In the third and fourth years, tend once a year, from July to September, by weeding and cutting. In the first four years after planting, apply topdressing fertilizer to the holly once a year in conjunction with tending, and cover the soil promptly after fertilization. 8) Shaping and pruning: During the second to fifth year after planting, prune the sweetgum and cyperus rotundus every autumn and winter. 9) Pest control: Pest control methods adhere to the principle of "prevention first, integrated management" and include agricultural, physical, chemical, and biological control measures. 10) Poria cocos harvesting: From March to May of the second year after planting, dig up mature Poria cocos around the pine tree stumps. Cover the soil promptly after the first harvest, and harvest all of the plants again after 4-6 months. Be careful to protect young trees and saplings during the harvesting process. 11) Harvesting of sweetgum: Sweetgum can be harvested 5 years after planting, with the stems and branches above the ground and the roots underground harvested in autumn and winter; Liquidambar trees continue to be cultivated.

2. The method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos according to claim 1, wherein: The slope of the pine forest felling site is medium to low slope and the site quality is good.

3. The method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos according to claim 1, wherein: The specifications of the open holes are 40 cm in width × 30 cm in depth × 30 cm in bottom width, and 0.25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer to each hole.

4. The method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos according to claim 1, wherein: The mixed planting adopts the method of inter-row mixing of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae and Liquidambar formosana in vertical columns perpendicular to the contour lines.

5. The method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana and Poria cocos according to claim 1, wherein: The topdressing is to open a half-moon ditch 20 to 40 cm long near the root of the plant and cover the soil in time after fertilization.

6. The method for mixed planting of Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae, Liquidambar formosana, and Poria cocos according to claim 1, wherein: The shaping and pruning is to remove branches below one-third of the tree height and side branches that affect the growth of sweetgum, and to cut off diseased branches, dead branches, weak branches of sweetgum and perform appropriate pruning to control the height of the sweetgum tree trunk to 2.0~2.5m.

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