Power generation system and power generation method based on distributed hydrogen energy

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy power generation, in particular to a power generation system and method based on distributed hydrogen energy. The power generation system comprises a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen combustion power generation module and a heat recovery power generation module, the hydrogen production module comprises a deionized water unit, a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit, a gas-water separator and a hydrogen purification unit which are communicated in sequence, and the energy storage module comprises a compressor and a hydrogen containing grid. The hydrogen-fired power generation module comprises a fuel mixing chamber, a gas turbine, a flue gas heat exchanger and a power generator, the fuel mixing chamber and a combustion chamber of the gas turbine are communicated and integrated together, the flue gas heat exchanger is installed on a smoke exhaust channel of the gas turbine, and the power generator is fixedly connected with the gas turbine; the heat recovery power generation module comprises a semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and an SMA power generation module which are integrated in the flue gas heat exchanger and is used for recovering flue gas waste heat for power generation. The semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and the SMA power generation module are arranged, low-grade heat energy can be recycled, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen power generation, and in particular to a power generation system and a power generation method based on distributed hydrogen energy. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of the economy and society, people have paid more and more attention to environmental protection. Although traditional thermal power generation still occupies a dominant position, new energy power generation methods such as wind power and photovoltaics have also developed rapidly, and their proportion in the power generation energy structure has continued to increase. Among the new energy power generation methods, wind power and hydropower are more common, while hydrogen power generation is relatively rare. However, hydrogen energy, as an ideal clean fuel, has the advantages of high energy density, high conversion efficiency, zero pollution and zero carbon emissions in power generation, providing a new option for the energy supply of new power systems. However, traditional hydrogen power generation methods have a relatively low energy conversion rate. For example, fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxidants into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. However, pollutants in the air and the purity of hydrogen will affect this, and the production cost of fuel cells is high. Similarly, the conversion efficiency of traditional hydrogen-fired power generation equipment is also low, and there is a problem of heat loss. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system, which is equipped with a semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and an SMA power generation module, which can recover low-grade thermal energy and further improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a power generation system based on distributed hydrogen energy, including a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen combustion power generation module and a heat recovery power generation module, the hydrogen production module, the hydrogen storage module and the hydrogen combustion power generation module are connected in sequence, and the heat recovery power generation module is arranged in the hydrogen combustion power generation module; the hydrogen production module includes a deionized water unit, a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit, a gas-water separator and a hydrogen purification unit connected in sequence, the energy storage module includes a compressor and a hydrogen container, the air inlet of the compressor is connected to the hydrogen purification unit, and the compressor The outlet of the machine is connected to the hydrogen container. The hydrogen-fired power generation module includes a fuel mixing chamber, a gas turbine, a flue gas heat exchanger and a generator. The fuel mixing chamber is connected to and integrated with the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The flue gas heat exchanger is installed on the exhaust channel of the gas turbine. The generator is fixedly connected to the gas turbine, and the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity; the heat recovery power generation module includes a semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and an SMA power generation module. The semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and the SMA power generation module are both integrated in the flue gas heat exchanger for recovering flue gas waste heat to generate electricity.

[0005] Furthermore, a hydrogen flow control module is provided between the hydrogen storage module and the hydrogen-fired power generation module. The hydrogen flow control module includes a cold dryer, a pressure reducing valve, a regulator, a flow controller and a check valve. The cold dryer is arranged on the pipeline between the hydrogen container and the fuel mixing chamber. The pressure reducing valve, the regulator and the flow controller are installed in sequence on the pipeline between the cold dryer and the fuel mixing chamber to control the flow and pressure of hydrogen. The check valve is installed at the air inlet of the fuel mixing chamber to prevent hydrogen backflow.

[0006] Furthermore, a swirl disk is provided in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.

[0007] Furthermore, the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module includes multiple groups of semiconductor refrigeration plates, which are installed in the flue gas heat exchanger. The front of the semiconductor refrigeration plate contacts the waste heat of the flue gas, and the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate contacts the cold energy generated by the SMA power generation module and is provided with an evaporator. The conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved based on the temperature difference at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the SMA power generation module includes a heat source collector, an SMA drive device, a generator and a refrigeration device. The heat source collector is arranged in the flue gas heat exchanger for collecting low-grade thermal energy. The SMA drive device includes a pre-stressed SMA array and a bidirectional transmission mechanism. The SMA array is connected to the heat source collector, and the generator and the refrigeration device are both connected to the bidirectional transmission mechanism. During operation, the SMA array receives heat collected by the heat source collector. Under the action of heat, the pre-stressed SMA array triggers a phase change, and the SMA material expands due to heat. The thermal expansion is converted into mechanical stress loading on the SMA array through the bidirectional transmission mechanism. The bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the rotor of the generator to rotate to generate electricity, and the bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the refrigeration device to work to deliver cold air to the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the refrigeration device includes an SMA refrigeration unit and a heat exchanger. The SMA refrigeration unit and the heat source collector are arranged in the same space. The SMA refrigeration unit is provided with preload stress. When the bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the refrigeration device to work, the SMA refrigeration unit absorbs heat and cools, and the heat exchanger absorbs cold energy and transmits it to the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the SMA array is composed of parallel arranged SMA wires, and the bidirectional transmission mechanism includes a transmission rod, a connecting rod, a driving gear block, a driving gear, a guide gear block and a bracket. The driving gear block is fixedly set on the connecting rod, and the driving gear is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod. The transmission rod and the connecting rod are both slidably set on the bracket, and the guide gear block is fixedly installed on the inner side of the bracket. The driving gear is respectively engaged with the driving gear block and the guide gear block. The top end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the SMA array, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the SMA component of the SMA refrigeration unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat source collector is a tubular corrugated heat exchanger.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature range of the low-grade thermal energy is 100-200° C., the material of the SMA array and the SMA refrigeration unit is nickel-titanium alloy, and the preload stress of the SMA array and the SMA refrigeration unit is 300-500 MPa.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for generating electricity based on distributed hydrogen energy. The method is implemented based on the above-mentioned power generation system and includes the following steps: S01. Purified water is obtained through deionized water treatment, and then hydrogen is produced through a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit. The produced hydrogen is treated in a gas-liquid separator and then filtered in a hydrogen purification unit; S02. The filtered and purified hydrogen is compressed by a compressor and stored in a hydrogen container. During power generation, the hydrogen flows into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, where it is burned, driving the turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. The burned hydrogen turns into water vapor, flows into the flue gas heat exchanger, and then passes through the condenser to become condensed water, which is then transported to the hydrogen production module for recycling; S03. In the flue gas heat exchanger, the SMA power generation module and the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module absorb heat. The heat source collector of the SMA power generation module absorbs the heat in the flue gas heat exchanger and then transmits it to the SMA drive device. The SMA drive device is deformed by heat, driving the bidirectional drive mechanism to move. The bidirectional drive mechanism simultaneously drives the generator to rotate. The generator SMA component deforms and absorbs heat. The SMA component absorbs heat and cools down. The heat is transmitted to the evaporator of the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module through the fluid in the heat exchanger, cooling the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate and increasing the temperature of the front and back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate. According to the Seebeck effect, the heat energy at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate flows from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side and drives the movement of charge carriers. The movement of charge carriers forms an electric current at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate, realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and the SMA power generation module are provided, which can recycle low-grade thermal energy and further improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0015] 2. The power generation system is based on distributed hydrogen energy and has the advantages of miniaturization, modularization, and high flexibility. It is suitable for upgrading and transforming old gas-fired power generation turbines and has high adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation system described in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a functional block diagram of the power generation system described in Example 1; Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the swirl disk; Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a bidirectional transmission mechanism; In the figure: 1. Hydrogen production module, 11. Hydrolysis hydrogen production unit, 12. Gas-liquid separator, 13. Hydrogen purification unit; 2. Hydrogen storage module, 21. Compressor, 22. Hydrogen container; 3. Hydrogen combustion power generation module, 31. Cold dryer, 32. Gas turbine, 33. Flue gas heat exchanger, 34. Condenser; 4. Heat recovery power generation module, 41. Heat source collector, 42. SMA power generation module, 43. Semiconductor refrigeration power generation module, 321. Swirl disk, 421. Transmission rod, 422. Connecting rod, 423. Drive gear block, 424. Drive gear, 425. Guide gear block, 426. Bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as "first", "second" and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0018] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system, such as Figure 1 、 2As shown, it includes a hydrogen production module 1, a hydrogen storage module 2, a hydrogen combustion power generation module 3 and a heat recovery power generation module 4. The hydrogen production module 1, the hydrogen storage module 2, and the hydrogen combustion power generation module 3 are connected in sequence through pipelines and solenoid valves. The heat recovery power generation module 4 is arranged in the hydrogen combustion power generation module 3 for recovering heat.

[0020] The hydrogen production module 1 includes a deionized water unit, a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit 11, a gas-water separator 12, and a hydrogen purification unit 13. The deionized water unit and the hydrolysis hydrogen production unit 11 are integrated together, and the gas-water separator 12 and the hydrogen purification unit 13 are connected in sequence. The deionized water unit is used to produce pure water. The hydrolysis hydrogen production unit 11 is integrated with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer for electrolyzing pure water to generate hydrogen. The gas-water separator 12 is used to separate hydrogen and water. The hydrogen purification unit 13 is used to purify the hydrogen. In this embodiment, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) adopts an electrolyzer hydrogen production method. The electrolyzer power is 10kW and the rated hydrogen production capacity is 2Nm 3 / h.

[0021] The hydrogen storage module 2 includes a compressor 21 and a hydrogen storage grid 22. The hydrogen storage module 2 is connected to the hydrogen production module 1 and is used to store the generated hydrogen. Specifically, the air inlet of the compressor 21 is connected to the air outlet of the hydrogen purification unit 13, and the air outlet of the compressor 21 is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen storage grid 22.

[0022] The hydrogen storage module 2 adopts a gaseous hydrogen storage route with a hydrogen storage capacity of 5 kg. This embodiment adopts 15 hydrogen containers 22 and uses a compressor 21 for pressurized storage. The storage pressure can be adjusted according to actual needs and is generally controlled at 10 MPa. During actual use, when the hydrogen container 22 is overpressured, the control system automatically feeds back to the hydrogen production module 1 to reduce hydrogen production or stop hydrogen production.

[0023] The hydrogen combustion power generation module 3 includes a fuel mixing chamber, a gas turbine 32, a flue gas heat exchanger 33, and a generator. The fuel mixing chamber is connected to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 32 and is integrated together. The flue gas heat exchanger 33 is installed in the exhaust channel of the gas turbine 32. The generator is fixedly connected to the gas turbine 32, and the gas turbine 32 drives the generator rotor to rotate to generate electricity.

[0024] The heat recovery power generation module 4 includes a semiconductor refrigeration power generation module 43 and an SMA power generation module 42. The semiconductor refrigeration module 43 and the SMA power generation module 42 are both integrated in the flue gas heat exchanger 33 for absorbing waste heat to generate electricity.

[0025] A hydrogen flow control module is also installed between the hydrogen storage module 2 and the hydrogen-fired power generation module 3. This module includes a cold dryer 31, a pressure reducing valve, a regulator, a flow controller, and a check valve. The cold dryer 31 is installed in the pipeline between the hydrogen container 22 and the gas turbine 32. It can further reduce the moisture content in the compressed hydrogen, that is, by lowering the dew point temperature, ensuring the dryness of the hydrogen and meeting the gas purity requirements. The pressure reducing valve, regulator, and flow controller are installed in sequence between the cold dryer and the fuel mixing chamber to control the flow and pressure of the hydrogen. The check valve is installed at the gas mixing chamber's air inlet to prevent gas backflow.

[0026] The combustion chamber of the gas turbine 32 is provided with a swirl disk, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the swirl disk reduces the propagation speed of the hydrogen flame through disturbance, guides the flame to spread around the combustion chamber, makes the combustion distribution more uniform, and thus improves the stability of the gas turbine 32.

[0027] The semiconductor cooling power generation module 43 primarily consists of semiconductor cooling panels. Multiple panels are installed within the flue gas heat exchanger 33. One side is exposed to waste heat from the flue gas, absorbing it and improving energy utilization. The other side is a closed space housing an evaporator. This receives the cooling energy generated by the SMA power generation module and creates a temperature differential across the semiconductor cooling panels. In actual use, a significant temperature differential forms across the semiconductor cooling panels. Due to the Seebeck effect, thermal energy flows from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side of the panels, driving the movement of charge carriers. This movement generates a current across the panels, converting some of the thermal energy into electrical energy. The generated electricity can power small devices.

[0028] The SMA power generation module includes a heat source collector 41, an SMA drive device, a power generation device and a refrigeration device. The heat source collector 41 is connected to the SMA drive device. The power generation device is a small generator. The refrigeration device includes an SMA refrigeration unit and a heat exchanger. The power generation device and the refrigeration device are both connected to the connecting rod of the SMA drive device. The heat source collector 41 and the refrigeration device are arranged in the same space.

[0029] The heat source collector 41 is a tubular corrugated heat exchanger made of copper alloy, which has high thermal conductivity, good shear corrosion resistance, and can collect low-grade thermal energy. Shape memory alloy (SMA) has a unique shape memory effect and superelastic properties, which has obvious advantages in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy and can further improve energy utilization efficiency. The SMA drive device includes a pre-loaded SMA array and a bidirectional transmission mechanism. The SMA array is composed of parallel SMA wires, such as Figure 4As shown, the bidirectional transmission mechanism includes a transmission rod 421, a connecting rod 422, a drive gear block 423, a drive gear 424, a guide gear block 425, and a bracket 426. The drive gear block 423 is fixedly mounted on the connecting rod 422, and the drive gear 423 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod 421. The transmission rod 421 and the connecting rod 422 are both slidably mounted on the bracket. The guide gear block 425 is fixedly mounted on the inside of the bracket, and the drive gear 424 meshes with the drive gear block 423 and the guide gear block 425, respectively. The top end of the transmission rod 421 is fixedly connected to the SMA array, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 422 is fixedly connected to the SMA assembly of the SMA refrigeration unit. The SMA array is driven to alternately load and unload stress by utilizing thermal expansion differences, and the connecting rod 422 is driven to perform cyclic reciprocating motion via the transmission rod 421. The SMA refrigeration unit is an SMA component, which is also provided with preload stress. Driven by a bidirectional transmission mechanism, it can absorb heat and cool down. The provided heat exchanger can absorb the cold energy and transmit it to the evaporator of the semiconductor refrigeration module, thereby cooling the back space of the semiconductor refrigeration plate, increasing the temperature difference of the semiconductor refrigeration plate, and thus generating more electricity.

[0030] Specifically, the SMA power generation module utilizes low-grade thermal energy: first, a bellows-type heat exchanger installed within the flue gas heat exchanger 33 collects low-grade thermal energy, namely the heat from hydrogen combustion in the gas turbine, and transfers this heat to the preloaded stress SMA array in the SMA driver module. Then, under the action of the low-grade thermal energy, the preloaded stress reduces the critical phase transition temperature of the preloaded stress SMA array, triggering an austenite-to-martensite phase transformation. The SMA material expands due to the heat, and this thermal expansion energy is converted into mechanical stress on the SMA array via a bidirectional transmission mechanism. The bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the rotor of the small generator to rotate and generate electricity. Simultaneously, the bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the SMA assembly, which is a shape memory alloy. When the SMA assembly is driven by the preloaded stress, the SMA deforms and absorbs heat when the stress is unloaded. The ambient temperature around the dynamic corrugated heat exchanger decreases, and the phase change fluid inside flows to the evaporator, absorbing heat and vaporizing. This cools the back of the semiconductor cooling plate, thereby increasing the temperature difference across the semiconductor cooling plate and improving power generation efficiency.

[0031] In this embodiment, the temperature range of low-grade thermal energy is 100-200°C, the material of SMA is nickel-titanium alloy, and the SMA array and SMA refrigeration assembly apply a preloaded mechanical stress of 300-500 MPa to reduce the critical temperature of phase change. The preloaded stress is applied by stretching or rolling using equipment, and the preloaded mechanical stress is applied during the manufacturing process of the SMA array and SMA refrigeration assembly.

[0032] Working principle of the present invention: The distributed hydrogen power generation system provided by the present invention first uses hydrogen production module 1 to produce hydrogen. This process involves deionizing water to obtain pure water. Hydrogen is then produced using hydrolysis hydrogen production unit 11. The produced hydrogen is treated in gas-liquid separator 12 and then filtered through hydrogen purification unit 13. The filtered and purified hydrogen is pressurized by compressor 21 and stored in hydrogen storage compartment 22. During power generation, hydrogen storage compartment 22 is opened via an electronic valve and, in conjunction with pressure reducing valves, regulators, and flow controllers, flows into the combustion chamber of gas turbine 32. The hydrogen burns in the combustion chamber, driving the turbine and, in turn, the generator. The resulting hydrogen vapor is converted into water vapor, which flows into flue gas heat exchanger 33. Finally, it is converted into condensed water by condenser 34 and transported to hydrogen production module 1 for recycling.

[0033] In the flue gas heat exchanger 33, the SMA power generation module 42 and the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module 43 absorb heat. The heat source collector 41 of the SMA power generation module 42 absorbs the heat in the flue gas heat exchanger 33 and then transmits it to the SMA drive device. The SMA drive device will drive the bidirectional transmission mechanism to move, that is, the bidirectional transmission mechanism simultaneously drives the generator to rotate to generate electricity and the SMA component to deform and absorb heat. The SMA component absorbs heat and cools down. The heat is transmitted to the evaporator of the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module through the fluid in the heat exchanger, and the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate is cooled to increase the temperature difference. The SMA drive device can realize cyclic power generation and cyclic refrigeration.

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a method for power generation based on distributed hydrogen energy. This method is implemented based on the power generation system described in Example 1 and includes the following steps: S01. Purified water is obtained through deionized water treatment, and then hydrogen is produced through a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit. The produced hydrogen is treated in a gas-liquid separator and then filtered in a hydrogen purification unit; S02. The filtered and purified hydrogen is compressed by a compressor and stored in a hydrogen container. During power generation, the hydrogen flows into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, where it is burned, driving the turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. The burned hydrogen turns into water vapor, flows into the flue gas heat exchanger, and then passes through the condenser to become condensed water, which is then transported to the hydrogen production module for recycling; S03. In the flue gas heat exchanger, the SMA power generation module and the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module absorb heat. The heat source collector of the SMA power generation module absorbs the heat in the flue gas heat exchanger and then transmits it to the SMA drive device. The SMA drive device is deformed by heat, driving the bidirectional drive mechanism to move. The bidirectional drive mechanism simultaneously drives the generator to rotate. The generator SMA component deforms and absorbs heat. The SMA component absorbs heat and cools down. The heat is transmitted to the evaporator of the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module through the fluid in the heat exchanger, cooling the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate and increasing the temperature of the front and back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate. According to the Seebeck effect, the heat energy at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate flows from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side and drives the movement of charge carriers. The movement of charge carriers forms an electric current at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate, realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0035] Based on the above-mentioned ideal embodiments of this application, and in accordance with the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical scope of this application. The technical scope of this application is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system, characterized by: It includes a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen combustion power generation module and a heat recovery power generation module. The hydrogen production module, the hydrogen storage module and the hydrogen combustion power generation module are connected in sequence, and the heat recovery power generation module is arranged in the hydrogen combustion power generation module; the hydrogen production module includes a deionized water unit, a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit, a gas-water separator and a hydrogen purification unit which are connected in sequence. The energy storage module includes a compressor and a hydrogen container. The air inlet of the compressor is connected to the hydrogen purification unit, and the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the hydrogen container. The hydrogen combustion power generation module includes a fuel mixing chamber, a gas turbine, a flue gas heat exchanger and a generator. The fuel mixing chamber is connected to and integrated with the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The flue gas heat exchanger is installed on the exhaust channel of the gas turbine. The generator is fixedly connected to the gas turbine, and the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity. The heat recovery power generation module includes a semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and an SMA power generation module. The semiconductor refrigeration power generation module and the SMA power generation module are both integrated in the flue gas heat exchanger for recovering flue gas waste heat for power generation.

2. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen flow control module is also provided between the hydrogen storage module and the hydrogen-fired power generation module. The hydrogen flow control module includes a cold dryer, a pressure reducing valve, a regulator, a flow controller and a check valve. The cold dryer is arranged on the pipeline between the hydrogen container and the fuel mixing chamber. The pressure reducing valve, the regulator and the flow controller are installed in sequence on the pipeline between the cold dryer and the fuel mixing chamber to control the flow and pressure of hydrogen. The check valve is installed at the air inlet of the fuel mixing chamber to prevent hydrogen backflow.

3. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A swirl disk is provided in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.

4. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semiconductor refrigeration power generation module includes multiple groups of semiconductor refrigeration plates, which are installed in the flue gas heat exchanger. The front of the semiconductor refrigeration plate contacts the waste heat of the flue gas, and the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate contacts the cold energy generated by the SMA power generation module and is equipped with an evaporator. The conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved based on the temperature difference at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate.

5. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The SMA power generation module includes a heat source collector, an SMA drive device, a generator and a refrigeration device. The heat source collector is arranged in the flue gas heat exchanger for collecting low-grade thermal energy. The SMA drive device includes a pre-stressed SMA array and a bidirectional transmission mechanism. The SMA array is connected to the heat source collector, and the generator and the refrigeration device are both connected to the bidirectional transmission mechanism. During operation, the SMA array receives heat collected by the heat source collector. Under the action of heat, the pre-stressed SMA array triggers a phase change, and the SMA material expands due to heat. The thermal expansion is converted into mechanical stress loading on the SMA array through the bidirectional transmission mechanism. The bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the rotor of the generator to rotate to generate electricity, and the bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the refrigeration device to work to deliver cold air to the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate.

6. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The refrigeration device includes an SMA refrigeration unit and a heat exchanger. The SMA refrigeration unit and the heat source collector are arranged in the same space. The SMA refrigeration unit is provided with preload stress. When the bidirectional transmission mechanism drives the refrigeration device to work, the SMA refrigeration unit absorbs heat and cools, and the heat exchanger absorbs the cold energy and transmits it to the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate.

7. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The SMA array is composed of parallel SMA wires. The bidirectional transmission mechanism includes a transmission rod, a connecting rod, a driving gear block, a driving gear, a guide gear block and a bracket. The driving gear block is fixedly set on the connecting rod, and the driving gear is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod. The transmission rod and the connecting rod are both slidably set on the bracket, and the guide gear block is fixedly installed on the inner side of the bracket. The driving gear is respectively engaged with the driving gear block and the guide gear block. The top end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the SMA array, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the SMA assembly of the SMA refrigeration unit.

8. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat source collector is a tubular corrugated heat exchanger.

9. The distributed hydrogen energy-based power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature range of the low-grade thermal energy is 100-200°C, the material of the SMA array and the SMA refrigeration unit is nickel-titanium alloy, and the preload stress of the SMA array and the SMA refrigeration unit is 300-500 MPa.

10. A method for power generation based on distributed hydrogen energy, characterized by: This method is implemented based on the power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps: S01. Purified water is obtained through deionized water treatment, and then hydrogen is produced through a hydrolysis hydrogen production unit. The produced hydrogen is treated in a gas-liquid separator and then filtered in a hydrogen purification unit; S02. The filtered and purified hydrogen is compressed by a compressor and stored in a hydrogen container. During power generation, the hydrogen flows into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, where it is burned, driving the turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. The burned hydrogen turns into water vapor, flows into the flue gas heat exchanger, and then passes through the condenser to become condensed water, which is then transported to the hydrogen production module for recycling; S03. In the flue gas heat exchanger, the SMA power generation module and the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module absorb heat. The heat source collector of the SMA power generation module absorbs the heat in the flue gas heat exchanger and then transmits it to the SMA drive device. The SMA drive device is deformed by heat, driving the bidirectional drive mechanism to move. The bidirectional drive mechanism simultaneously drives the generator to rotate to generate electricity and the SMA component to deform and absorb heat. The SMA component absorbs heat and cools down. The heat is transmitted to the evaporator of the semiconductor refrigeration power generation module through the fluid in the heat exchanger, cooling the back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate and increasing the temperature of the front and back of the semiconductor refrigeration plate. According to the Seebeck effect, the heat energy at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate flows from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side and drives the movement of charge carriers. The movement of charge carriers forms an electric current at both ends of the semiconductor refrigeration plate, realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.

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