Air conditioner

Abstract

The invention discloses an air conditioner which comprises a controller, and the controller is configured to obtain a set temperature and determine a set temperature difference according to an indoor environment temperature and the set temperature; when the air conditioner starts non-first refrigeration operation, the estimated target frequency of the target temperature interval is obtained, and the air conditioner is controlled to execute the estimated frequency control stage of the refrigeration operation; the estimated frequency control stage comprises the steps that the compressor is controlled to operate according to the estimated target frequency; in the fuzzy frequency control stage, after the set temperature is changed, the estimated target frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor environment temperature and the first stable operation frequency, and after a compressor is controlled to operate for a first preset time according to the corrected estimated target frequency, the air conditioner is controlled to execute the refrigeration operation; the fuzzy frequency control stage comprises the step of controlling the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency, the use experience of a user is improved, meanwhile, the energy-saving effect is improved, and efficient utilization of energy is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, and in particular to an air conditioner. Background Art

[0002] The temperature control of air conditioners usually adopts fuzzy algorithm control. When using fuzzy algorithm control, the set temperature difference (that is, the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature) and the rate of change of the temperature difference are monitored in real time. Then, the preset fuzzy control table is queried based on this information to dynamically adjust the target operating frequency of the air conditioner to quickly adjust the indoor ambient temperature to close to the set temperature.

[0003] However, when the actual load of the room is relatively small, in the initial stage of air conditioner operation, the system often calculates an overly high target frequency, causing the compressor to run at a high frequency. In fact, the energy efficiency ratio of the compressor operation will be significantly lower than that of medium and low frequencies. This not only reduces energy efficiency, but may also cause large and long-lasting overshoots in indoor ambient temperature, causing users to feel uncomfortable, thereby reducing the user experience and causing unnecessary energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art. To this end, the object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner.

[0005] The present invention provides an air conditioner, comprising: A refrigerant circulation loop, wherein the refrigerant undergoes a refrigeration cycle in a loop consisting of a compressor, a condenser, a throttling assembly, and an evaporator, wherein one of the condenser and the evaporator is an outdoor heat exchanger and the other is an indoor heat exchanger; Indoor ambient temperature sensor, used to detect indoor ambient temperature; Outdoor ambient temperature sensor, used to detect outdoor ambient temperature; A controller configured to: Obtaining a set temperature, and determining a set temperature difference according to the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; When the air conditioner starts a non-initial cooling operation, an estimated target frequency within a target temperature range is obtained, the estimated target frequency being calculated by the controller based on operating data of the air conditioner during a previous cooling operation in a fuzzy frequency control phase, the operating data including: the time when the compressor first reaches temperature, a first stable operating frequency of the compressor after reaching the set temperature, a first cooling rate, an energy-saving coefficient, and a frequency revision coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed; each cooling operation of the air conditioner includes an estimated frequency control phase and a fuzzy frequency control phase; Controlling the air conditioner to perform the estimated frequency control phase of this cooling operation; The estimated frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency; When the set temperature changes, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, and the compressor is controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time, and then the air conditioner is controlled to perform the fuzzy frequency control stage of the current cooling operation; The fuzzy frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency.

[0006] In addition, the air conditioner according to the embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features: Furthermore, when obtaining the estimated target frequency of the target temperature range, the controller is configured to: obtain the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner in the fuzzy frequency control stage in the last cooling operation; and obtain the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner when performing this cooling operation based on the product of the estimated target frequency of the fuzzy frequency control stage in the last cooling operation of the air conditioner and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0007] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: it takes into account the previous operating data of the air conditioner and incorporates the influence of energy efficiency optimization, thereby achieving efficient refrigeration control and an optimal balance between refrigeration efficiency and energy consumption.

[0008] Furthermore, when obtaining the energy-saving coefficient, the controller is configured to: determine a first cooling rate based on the set temperature difference and the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time; determine the energy-saving coefficient based on the first cooling rate, wherein there is a pre-calibrated correspondence between the first cooling rate and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0009] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: the user can determine the energy-saving coefficient based on the first cooling rate, thereby meeting different comfort and energy-saving requirements.

[0010] Further, after the set temperature changes, when the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, the controller is configured to: determine an exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, wherein the exchange coefficient is used to quantify the heat exchange efficiency or rate caused by the temperature difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature after the compressor reaches the stable operating frequency; determine a second stable operating frequency when the compressor reaches the changed set temperature based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature and the exchange coefficient; determine a frequency increase based on the first stable operating frequency and the second stable operating frequency; and correct the first stable operating frequency based on the frequency increase.

[0011] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: ensuring that the compressor can more efficiently reach and maintain the set temperature after the change, thereby achieving more accurate temperature control and energy efficiency management.

[0012] Further, when determining the exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, the controller is configured to: determine a first temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; and obtain the exchange coefficient according to a ratio of the first stable operating frequency and the first temperature difference.

[0013] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: it can more accurately describe the operating characteristics of the compressor under different outdoor ambient temperatures and set temperatures, thereby providing a more accurate basis for subsequent frequency adjustment.

[0014] Further, when determining the second stable operating frequency of the compressor reaching the changed set temperature based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature and the exchange coefficient, the controller is configured to: determine a second temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the changed set temperature; and obtain the second stable operating frequency based on the product of the second temperature difference and the exchange coefficient.

[0015] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: by combining the changes in outdoor ambient temperature and the regulating effect of the exchange coefficient, the operating frequency of the compressor can be accurately predicted and adjusted, and then the second stable operating frequency can be determined to ensure that it can operate in a stable and efficient state when the set temperature after the change is reached.

[0016] Furthermore, when the air conditioner starts cooling operation for the first time, the controller is configured to: obtain a maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range; and use the maximum target operating frequency as the estimated target frequency.

[0017] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: it can quickly respond to cooling needs and quickly reduce the indoor ambient temperature to the comfort range set by the user, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner and shortening the time to reach the set temperature, thereby improving the user's overall usage experience.

[0018] Furthermore, when obtaining the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range, the controller is configured to: obtain a preset initial maximum operating frequency; determine the target temperature range based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference; determine a first temperature difference center value and a set temperature difference center value based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference in the target temperature range respectively; determine the estimated target frequency coefficient based on the first temperature difference center value and the set temperature difference center value; obtain the maximum target operating frequency based on the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0019] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: it can improve the accuracy of the calculation of the maximum target operating frequency, and can also flexibly calculate the maximum target operating frequency based on the change of the first temperature difference.

[0020] Furthermore, when obtaining the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range, the controller is configured to: obtain a preset initial maximum operating frequency; determine the target temperature range based on the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference; determine the outdoor ambient temperature center value and the set temperature difference center value respectively based on the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference in the target temperature range; determine the estimated target frequency coefficient based on the outdoor ambient temperature center value and the set temperature difference center value; obtain the maximum target operating frequency based on the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0021] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: it can improve the accuracy of the calculation of the maximum target operating frequency, and can also flexibly calculate the maximum target operating frequency based on changes in the outdoor ambient temperature.

[0022] Furthermore, when controlling the air conditioner to perform the estimated frequency control stage of this cooling operation, the controller is also configured to: obtain the initial indoor ambient temperature and the operating time of the compressor; determine a second cooling rate based on the initial indoor ambient temperature, the operating time of the compressor and the indoor ambient temperature; when the second cooling rate does not exceed the preset cooling rate threshold, correct the estimated target frequency based on the estimated target frequency, the energy-saving coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0023] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: ensuring that the air conditioner can quickly respond to load changes, speed up the cooling speed, and make the indoor ambient temperature reach the set temperature as soon as possible without affecting the comfort.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the air conditioner starts a non-initial cooling operation, an estimated target frequency for the target temperature range is calculated based on the operating data of the air conditioner during the fuzzy frequency control phase of the previous cooling operation. The controller then controls the compressor to operate at the estimated target frequency to control the air conditioner to execute the estimated frequency control phase of the current cooling operation, thereby avoiding large and prolonged overshoots of the indoor ambient temperature. Furthermore, after the indoor ambient temperature reaches the set temperature and the compressor operates stably, a determination is made as to whether the set temperature has changed. If the user has readjusted the set temperature, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature. The compressor is controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time, and then the air conditioner is controlled to switch to the fuzzy frequency control phase. This reduces significant fluctuations in the compressor caused by sudden changes in the set temperature, improves the operating efficiency and stability of the compressor, thereby better meeting the user's temperature requirements, ensuring that the user can enjoy a comfortable cooling experience, and improving the user's user experience. It also improves energy efficiency and energy conservation, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments with reference to the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a structural diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a structural diagram of an air conditioner according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a change curve in the estimated frequency control stage and the fuzzy frequency control stage according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of changes in the operating frequency of the compressor before and after a set temperature changes according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a change in the estimated target frequency corrected according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a flow chart of a method for controlling an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a flow chart for obtaining an estimated target frequency according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is a flow chart of correcting an estimated target frequency according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is a flowchart of correcting the estimated target frequency according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides an air conditioner 10, referring to Figure 1The air conditioner 10 includes a refrigeration system for exchanging heat with indoor air to meet cooling or heating needs.

[0032] The refrigeration system includes a compressor, a condenser, an electronic expansion valve, and an evaporator. In the present invention, the air conditioner 10 performs a refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner 10 by using the compressor, the condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the evaporator. The refrigeration cycle includes a series of processes involving compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation, and supplies refrigerant to the conditioned and heat-exchanged air.

[0033] The compressor compresses high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas and discharges the compressed gas. The discharged refrigerant gas flows into the condenser. The condenser condenses the compressed refrigerant into a liquid phase, releasing heat into the surrounding environment through the condensation process.

[0034] The electronic expansion valve expands the high-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser into a low-pressure liquid refrigerant. The evaporator evaporates the refrigerant expanded in the electronic expansion valve and returns the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas to the compressor.

[0035] The evaporator can achieve a cooling effect by utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of the refrigerant to exchange heat with the material to be cooled. In the entire cycle, the air conditioner 10 can adjust the temperature of the indoor space.

[0036] The outdoor unit 2 of the air conditioner 10 refers to a portion of a refrigeration cycle including a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger, the indoor unit 1 of the air conditioner 10 includes an indoor heat exchanger, and an electronic expansion valve may be provided in the indoor unit 1 or the outdoor unit 2 .

[0037] The indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger function as a condenser or an evaporator. When the indoor heat exchanger functions as a condenser, the air conditioner 10 functions as a heater in a heating mode, and when the indoor heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, the air conditioner 10 functions as a cooler in a cooling mode.

[0038] The air conditioner 10 of the present invention includes an indoor unit 1 and an outdoor unit 2. The indoor unit 1 and the outdoor unit 2 can be configured as an integrated unit or a split unit. The indoor unit 1 can be configured as a wall-mounted unit, a ceiling unit, a duct unit, etc., and the indoor unit 1 is installed at the top or ceiling of the indoor room.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 Taking an indoor hanging machine as an example, the indoor hanging machine is usually installed at a location such as an indoor wall. For another example, an indoor cabinet machine (not shown in the figure) is also a form of the indoor machine 1 .

[0040] Taking a split unit as an example, the air conditioner 10 includes an indoor unit 1 and an outdoor unit 2, wherein the outdoor unit 2 is usually set outdoors for heat exchange with the indoor environment.

[0041] Furthermore, as shown in the figure, the air conditioner 10 includes a controller 71 for controlling the operation of various components within the air conditioner 10, thereby enabling the various components of the air conditioner 10 to operate and realize various predetermined functions of the air conditioner 10. Furthermore, the air conditioner 10 is also provided with a control device 200. For example, the control device 200 is specifically configured as a remote control that is capable of communicating with the controller 71 using, for example, infrared or other communication methods. The remote control is used by the user to control the air conditioner 10 in various ways, thereby enabling interaction between the user and the air conditioner 10.

[0042] The indoor unit 1 of the air conditioner 10 in the embodiment of the present invention is arranged at the top or upper part of the room. Generally speaking, the installation height of the indoor unit 1 is higher than the user activity area. The indoor unit 1 includes a return air inlet and an air outlet connected to the room. The indoor air passes through the indoor unit 1 in the return air inlet and flows back to the room through the air outlet.

[0043] The refrigerant circulation circuit of the present invention circulates refrigerant through a loop consisting of a compressor, condenser, electronic expansion valve, and evaporator. One of the condenser and evaporator functions as an outdoor heat exchanger, while the other functions as an indoor heat exchanger. The indoor heat exchanger exchanges heat with the air in indoor unit 1, while the outdoor unit 2 heat exchanger exchanges heat with the air in outdoor unit 2, thereby achieving the cooling or heating requirements of air conditioner 10.

[0044] The indoor unit 1 also includes an indoor fan, which is arranged near the return air port or the air outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and is used to deliver the heat-exchanged air into the room. The indoor fan includes multiple gears for changing the outlet air flow speed of the outlet.

[0045] An air guide plate is provided at the position of the air outlet. The air guide plate adjusts the outflow direction of the air flowing through the air outlet by changing the relative rotation angle between the air guide plate and the air outlet, thereby affecting the indoor air temperature stratification.

[0046] In the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner 10 further includes a controller 71. Controller 71 is a device that generates an operation control signal based on an instruction opcode and a timing signal, thereby instructing the air conditioner 10 to execute the control instruction. For example, in response to a power-on or power-off instruction received from a user, controller 71 may execute an operation associated with the object selected by the power-on or power-off instruction.

[0047] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a hardware structure diagram of a controller 71, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the controller 71 includes a processor 83 and, optionally, a memory 82 and a communication interface 84 connected to the processor 83. The processor 83, the memory 82 and the communication interface 84 are connected via a bus 81.

[0048] The processor 83 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor (GP), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor (MCU), a microcontroller (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or any combination thereof. The processor 83 may also be any other device having processing functionality, such as a circuit, a device, or a software module. The processor 83 may also include multiple CPUs, and the processor 83 may be a single-core (single CPU) processor 83 or a multi-core (multi CPU) processor 83. The processor 83 herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0049] The memory 82 may be a read-only memory 82 (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory 82 (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory 82 (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM) or other optical disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compact disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer. The embodiment of the present invention does not impose any restrictions on this. The memory 82 may exist independently or be integrated with the processor 83. The memory 82 may contain computer program code. The processor 83 is used to execute the computer program code stored in the memory 82, thereby implementing the air conditioner control method provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] The communication interface 84 can be used to communicate with other devices or communication networks (such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.). The communication interface 84 can be a module, a circuit, a transceiver or any device that can achieve communication.

[0051] The bus 81 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 81 or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus 81. The bus 81 may be divided into an address bus 81, a data bus 81, a control bus 81, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 2 Only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus 81 or one type of bus 81.

[0052] Reference below Figure 3-Figure 10 An air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0053] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, an air conditioner 10 includes: a refrigerant circulation loop 11, an indoor ambient temperature sensor 12, an outdoor ambient temperature sensor 13 and a controller 71.

[0054] Among them, the refrigerant circulation loop 11 allows the refrigerant to undergo a refrigeration cycle in the loop composed of a compressor, condenser, throttling component, and evaporator. One of the condenser and the evaporator is an outdoor heat exchanger, and the other is an indoor heat exchanger; the indoor ambient temperature sensor 12 is used to detect the indoor ambient temperature; the outdoor ambient temperature sensor 13 is used to detect the outdoor ambient temperature.

[0055] The controller 71 is configured to: obtain a set temperature and determine a set temperature difference based on the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; when the air conditioner 10 starts a non-first cooling operation, obtain an estimated target frequency for the target temperature range, the estimated target frequency is calculated by the controller 71 based on the operating data of the air conditioner 10 in the fuzzy frequency control stage in the previous cooling operation, the operating data including: the time when the compressor first reaches the temperature, the first stable operating frequency after the compressor reaches the set temperature, the first cooling rate, the energy saving coefficient, and the frequency revision coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed; each cooling operation of the air conditioner 10 includes an estimated frequency control stage and a fuzzy frequency control stage; the air conditioner 10 is controlled to execute the estimated frequency control stage of this cooling operation; the estimated frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate at the estimated target frequency; when the set temperature changes, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, and the compressor is controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time, and then the air conditioner 10 is controlled to execute the fuzzy frequency control stage of this cooling operation; the fuzzy frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate at the estimated target frequency.

[0056] The throttling element includes, for example, an expansion valve, a capillary tube, or a throttle valve; the estimated target frequency refers to the frequency value that the air conditioner 10 needs to operate in order to reach the set temperature.

[0057] For example, the set temperature difference is recorded as E, the indoor ambient temperature is recorded as Tin, and the set temperature is recorded as Ts; the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time is recorded as tw1, the first stable operating frequency is recorded as Fw, the first cooling rate is recorded as ε1, the energy saving coefficient is recorded as σ (σ>0), and the frequency correction coefficient based on the fan speed calibration is recorded as λ; the first preset time is recorded as t1.

[0058] In an embodiment, the set temperature Ts and the indoor ambient temperature Tin set by the user are obtained, and the set temperature difference E is determined according to the difference between the indoor ambient temperature Tin and the set temperature Ts, that is, E=Tin-Ts.

[0059] When the air conditioner 10 starts a non-first cooling operation, the target temperature range is first determined based on the operating data of the fuzzy frequency control stage of the air conditioner 10 in the last cooling operation, that is, the time tw1 when the compressor of the air conditioner 10 reaches the temperature for the first time in the last cooling operation, the first stable operating frequency Fw after the compressor reaches the temperature, the first cooling rate ε1, the energy-saving coefficient σ and the frequency revision coefficient λ calibrated based on the fan speed are obtained to calculate the estimated frequency control stage of this cooling operation. After that, the controller 71 controls the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency.

[0060] After the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts and the compressor operates stably, the set temperature is obtained again to determine whether the set temperature has changed. If the user has readjusted the set temperature, the first stable operating frequency Fw will be re-determined, that is, the first stable operating frequency Fw will be corrected.

[0061] For example, if the set temperature Ts is 26°C and the estimated target frequency is 24Hz. If the set temperature changes to 24°C and the outdoor ambient temperature Tout does not change, a frequency increment is calculated based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout, and the first stable operating frequency Fw. The first stable operating frequency Fw is then corrected based on the frequency increment. That is, the frequency increment is added to the first stable operating frequency Fw to obtain the corrected first stable operating frequency. The compressor is then controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time t1, for example, 120 seconds. The air conditioner 10 is then controlled to execute the fuzzy frequency control phase of the current cooling operation. That is, during the fuzzy frequency control phase, the compressor is controlled to operate at the estimated target frequency. This can reduce significant compressor fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the set temperature, improve the compressor's operating efficiency and stability, and thus better meet user temperature requirements.

[0062] The first preset time t1 is, for example, 2 or more calculation cycles of the fuzzy frequency control stage. For example, if one calculation cycle is 40 seconds and the first preset time t1 is 3 calculation cycles, then the first preset time t1 is 120 seconds.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the estimated target frequency of the target temperature range, the controller 71 is configured to: obtain the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner 10 in the fuzzy frequency control stage in the last cooling operation; and obtain the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner 10 when performing this cooling operation based on the product of the estimated target frequency of the fuzzy frequency control stage in the last cooling operation of the air conditioner 10 and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0064] For example, the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner 10 during the previous cooling operation in the fuzzy frequency control phase is recorded as F0(x,y)(n-1), and the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner 10 during the current cooling operation is recorded as F0(x,y)(n). Then, based on the energy-saving coefficient σ, the product of the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n-1) during the previous cooling operation in the fuzzy frequency control phase and the energy-saving coefficient σ is calculated. Thus, the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) during the current cooling operation in the air conditioner 10 is obtained, i.e., F0(x,y)(n)=F0(x,y)(n-1)×σ. This process ensures that when the air conditioner 10 is estimated, the target frequency F0(x,y)(n) during the current cooling operation in the air conditioner 10 is considered, the previous operating data of the air conditioner 10 is taken into account while also incorporating the influence of energy efficiency optimization, thereby achieving efficient cooling control and an optimal balance between cooling efficiency and energy consumption. Where n is a natural number greater than 1.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, when the air conditioner 10 reaches the set temperature, the room load ƒ(Tin, Rh, Tout) is equal to the output capacity Q of the air conditioner 10. 空调 , that is, Q 空调 = ƒ(Tin,Rh,Tout) = ƒ(Ts,Rhs,Tout) (Equation 1). Here, Ts is the set temperature, Rhs is the set relative humidity, Tin is the indoor ambient temperature, and Rh is the real-time relative humidity. When the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, that is, Ts ≈ Tin, the set relative humidity Rhs is approximately equal to the relative humidity Rh, that is, RHs ≈ Rh.

[0066] The total load integral J required for the air conditioner 10 to reach the set temperature Ts within the time tw 房间=∫[0,tw2]Q(t)dt, controls the compressor to use the preset maximum operating frequency Fmax as the maximum target operating frequency of the estimated frequency control stage, tw1 is the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time, in the medium and low load areas, the indoor ambient temperature Tin drops rapidly, and continues to drop after reaching the set temperature Ts. The indoor ambient temperature Tin appears to be lower than the set temperature Ts for a long time. As time goes by, the fuzzy frequency control stage will control the indoor ambient temperature Tin back to the set temperature Ts. At this time, the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the second time is tw2, and after multiple smaller adjustments, the indoor ambient temperature Tin eventually stabilizes and completely reaches the set temperature Ts.

[0067] If the room load can be estimated, the estimated target frequency is the maximum target operating frequency that needs to be calculated in the fuzzy frequency control stage. The time tw2 obtained last time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the second time is used as the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time this time. ∫[0,tw1]Q(t)dt is the maximum target operating frequency calculated in the fuzzy frequency control stage with the preset maximum operating frequency Fmax as the capacity integral corresponding to the first temperature reaching of the compressor this time. ∫[0,tw2]Q(t)dt is the maximum target operating frequency calculated with the estimated target frequency as the fuzzy frequency, the capacity integral corresponding to the second temperature reaching of the compressor. Assuming that ∫[0,tw1]Q(t)dt≈∫[0,tw2]Q(t)dt (Equation 2), that is, the output capacity and energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner 10 unit frequency are the same, then Equation 2 can be equivalent to the frequency integral, that is, ∫[0,tw1]F(t)dt=∫[0,tw2]F(t)dt (Equation 3), where the frequency range of the integral ∫[0,tw1]F(t)dt is Fmin~Fmax, The frequency range of the integral ∫[0,tw2]F(t)dt) is Fmin~F0(n), where Fmin is the preset minimum operating frequency and F0(n) is the maximum target operating frequency.

[0068] ∫[0,tw]F(t)dt is the frequency integral of historical operating data during the fuzzy frequency control phase, supported by a proprietary AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip or a Flash chip of equivalent computing power. tw is the time it takes for the compressor to reach the set temperature when operating at the preset initial maximum operating frequency, which is the maximum target frequency calculated during the fuzzy frequency control phase. Fw is the first stable operating frequency after the compressor reaches temperature. Therefore, in the low and medium load range, if a reasonable estimated target frequency exists, the set temperature Ts will be reached at the first cooling rate ε1, as shown in the following example: Figure 4 As shown, no temperature overshoot occurs or only a small short-term temperature overshoot occurs at this time. Following such an operating frequency curve will significantly save energy compared to the operation process with the preset initial maximum operating frequency as the maximum target operating frequency.

[0069] In addition, the preset initial maximum operating frequency of each target temperature range is a preset value, and the actual room load of users varies greatly. There will also be variable situations, such as sunny days, cloudy days, increased number of people, etc., and there is a problem that the preset initial maximum operating frequency is too high or too low. Therefore, when adopting the energy-saving solution of the estimated target frequency, the user's comfort should also be met, and the first cooling rate ε1 should be used to constrain the estimated target frequency.

[0070] During the fuzzy frequency control phase, the changing trend of the indoor ambient temperature Tin is determined based on the set temperature difference E and the first cooling rate ε1. Generally, frequency reduction begins when the indoor ambient temperature Tin approaches the set temperature Ts at the first cooling rate ε1. Clearly, during the fuzzy frequency control phase, the estimated target frequency determines the magnitude of the first cooling rate ε1 = E / tw1, where tw1 is the time it takes the compressor to reach the desired temperature. Therefore, frequency reduction is assumed to begin after the estimated target frequency has been reached for tw1. If the frequency-time product of two consecutive cooling runs is equal, then F0(x,y)(n-1)×tw1(n-1)=F0(x,y)(n)×tw1(n) (Equation 4), and tw1(n) = tw1(n-1) / σ (Equation 5), where F0(x,y) is the estimated target frequency, F0(x,y)(n-1) is the estimated target frequency for the previous cooling run, and F0(x,y)(n) is the estimated target frequency for the current cooling run. Combining Equations 4 and 5, we get F0(x,y)(n)=F0(x,y)(n-1)×σ (Equation 6).

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the energy-saving coefficient, the controller 71 is configured to: determine a first cooling rate based on a set temperature difference and the time it takes for the compressor to reach temperature for the first time; and determine the energy-saving coefficient based on the first cooling rate, wherein there is a pre-calibrated correspondence between the first cooling rate and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0072] In the embodiment, the set temperature difference E is obtained. For example, the set temperature difference E is 5°C, and the time tw1 for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 25 minutes. The ratio of the set temperature difference E and the time tw1 for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is calculated, and the first cooling rate ε1 can be obtained, that is, ε1=E / tw1. Substituting E=5°C and tw1=25min, it can be calculated that ε1=5 / 25=0.2°C / min, and then querying Table 1, the energy saving coefficient σ can be obtained as 0.8.

[0073] Table 1 is a table showing the correspondence between the pre-calibrated first cooling rate and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0074]

[0075] Table 1 σ is the single self-adjustment factor, or energy-saving coefficient. As shown in Table 1, if a first cooling rate of 0.08-0.10°C per minute (example values ​​for illustrative purposes) is used as the first cooling rate for both comfort and energy saving, the energy-saving coefficient σ = 1.00. If the energy-saving coefficient is lower than this value, the first cooling rate ε1 is too slow, reducing user comfort. If σ < 1.00, the calculated estimated target frequency will increase. Conversely, if σ > 1.00, the calculated estimated target frequency will decrease. The first cooling rates ε1 in Table 1 are all parameter settings and can be freely set. Alternatively, the energy-saving coefficient σ can be determined based on the first cooling rate ε1 in Table 2. Clearly, a faster first cooling rate ε1 in Table 2 improves user comfort but reduces energy savings. In practical applications, users can choose between Table 1 or Table 2 to meet different comfort and energy-saving requirements.

[0076] Table 2 is another pre-calibrated correspondence table between the first cooling rate and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0077]

[0078] Table 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, after the set temperature changes, when the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, the controller 71 is configured to: determine an exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, wherein the exchange coefficient is used to quantify the heat exchange efficiency or rate caused by the temperature difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature after the compressor reaches the stable operating frequency; determine a second stable operating frequency when the compressor reaches the changed set temperature based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature and the exchange coefficient; determine a frequency increase based on the first stable operating frequency and the second stable operating frequency; and correct the first stable operating frequency based on the frequency increase.

[0079] Specifically, when the set temperature changes, the exchange coefficient will be determined based on the first stable operating frequency. The controller 71 will calculate the second stable operating frequency that the compressor needs to reach when the set temperature changes, based on the changed set temperature, the current outdoor ambient temperature, and the exchange coefficient. Then, by comparing the first stable operating frequency and the second stable operating frequency, the controller 71 can determine the frequency increase. Finally, using this frequency increase, the controller 71 corrects the previous first stable operating frequency to ensure that the compressor can more efficiently reach and maintain the set temperature after the change, thereby achieving more accurate temperature control and energy efficiency management.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, the controller 71 is configured to: determine a first temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; and obtain the exchange coefficient based on the ratio of the first stable operating frequency and the first temperature difference.

[0081] In an embodiment, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is obtained according to the outdoor ambient temperature sensor 13. For example, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is 34°C and the set temperature Ts is 26°C. The first temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature Ts is calculated. For example, the first temperature difference is recorded as Tout_Ts, then Tout_Ts=Tout-Ts. Substituting Tout=34°C and Ts=26°C, it can be calculated that the first temperature difference Tout_Ts=8°C.

[0082] For example, if the first stable operating frequency is 32 Hz, the exchange coefficient can be calculated based on the ratio of the first stable operating frequency Fw to the first temperature difference Tout_Ts. For example, if the exchange coefficient is recorded as v, then v=Fw / Tout_Ts. Substituting Fw=32 Hz and Tout_Ts=8°C, the exchange coefficient v=4 is calculated.

[0083] Determining the exchange coefficient v in this way can more accurately describe the operating characteristics of the compressor under different outdoor ambient temperatures Tout and set temperatures Ts, thereby providing a more accurate basis for subsequent frequency adjustment.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the second stable operating frequency of the compressor reaching the changed set temperature based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature and the exchange coefficient, the controller 71 is configured to: determine the second temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the changed set temperature; and obtain the second stable operating frequency based on the product of the second temperature difference and the exchange coefficient.

[0085] In the embodiment, for example, the set temperature after the change is recorded as Ts' and Ts'=24°C, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout does not change and is still 34°C, and the second temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature Ts' after the change is calculated, that is, the second temperature difference is (Tout-Ts'), and the second temperature difference is calculated to be 10°C. The second temperature difference is multiplied by the exchange coefficient v (for example, v=4) to obtain the second stable operating frequency, that is, the second stable operating frequency is 40Hz. Therefore, by combining the change of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the regulating effect of the exchange coefficient v, the operating frequency of the compressor can be accurately predicted and adjusted, and then the second stable operating frequency can be determined to ensure that it can operate in a stable and efficient state when the set temperature Ts' after the change is reached. Figure 5As shown, this can reduce the large fluctuations of the compressor caused by sudden changes in the set temperature, improve the operating efficiency and stability of the compressor, and thus better meet the user's temperature requirements.

[0086] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the air conditioner 10 starts cooling operation for the first time, the controller 71 is configured to: obtain the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range; and use the maximum target operating frequency as the estimated target frequency.

[0087] In an embodiment, when the air conditioner 10 starts the first cooling operation, the controller 71 will obtain the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range. This maximum target operating frequency is calculated based on the outdoor ambient temperature Tout, the set temperature Ts and the set temperature difference E, or is calculated based on the first temperature difference Tout_Ts, the set temperature Ts and the set temperature difference E, indicating that the air conditioner 10 reduces the indoor ambient temperature Tin to the set temperature Ts in the shortest possible time.

[0088] Once the maximum target operating frequency is obtained, the controller 71 directly sets it as the estimated target frequency for the initial cooling operation. That is, when the air conditioner 10 first starts cooling operation, the compressor will begin operating at the maximum target operating frequency to quickly respond to cooling demand and rapidly reduce the indoor ambient temperature Tin to within the user-set comfort range. This improves the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner 10 and shortens the time it takes to reach the set temperature Ts, thereby enhancing the user's overall user experience.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the maximum target operating frequency of the target temperature range, the controller 71 is configured to: obtain a preset initial maximum operating frequency; determine the target temperature range based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference; determine the first temperature difference center value and the set temperature difference center value based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference in the target temperature range respectively; determine the estimated target frequency coefficient based on the first temperature difference center value and the set temperature difference center value; obtain the maximum target operating frequency based on the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0090] The preset initial maximum operating frequency is, for example, recorded as Fmax, and Fmax=85 Hz; the maximum target operating frequency is recorded as F0(n); and the estimated target frequency coefficient is recorded as ξ(E,(Tout_Ts)).

[0091] In the embodiment, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is detected by the outdoor ambient temperature sensor 13 , and the difference between the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature Ts is used as the first temperature difference Tout_Ts, that is, Tout_Ts=Tout−Ts.

[0092] In this way, a correspondence table between the pre-calibrated target temperature range and the maximum target operating frequency can be established according to the first temperature difference Tout_Ts and the set temperature difference E under different environmental working conditions, as shown in Table 3.

[0093] In other words, as shown in Table 3, the first temperature difference Tout_Ts is divided into i intervals, each interval represents the difference between the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature Ts within a certain range; the set temperature difference E is divided into j intervals, each interval represents the difference between the current indoor ambient temperature Tin and the set temperature Ts within a certain range, thus forming an i×j two-dimensional partition table, each partition represents a specific combination of the first temperature difference Tout_Ts and the set temperature difference E.

[0094] According to the two-dimensional partition table shown in Table 3, for example, the partition corresponding to the maximum target operating frequency F0(2,2) is the target temperature interval. It can be seen that the first temperature difference Tout_Ts and the set temperature difference E of the target temperature interval both include multiple ones. That is, the target temperature interval is a temperature range, which is obtained according to the temperature range of the first temperature difference Tout_Ts and the set temperature difference E.

[0095] In the target temperature range, the temperature range of the first temperature difference Tout_Ts is [Tout_Ts1, Tout_Ts2), and the temperature range of the set temperature difference E is (E1, E2). Therefore, the first temperature difference center value is determined based on the temperature range of the first temperature difference Tout_Ts being [Tout_Ts1, Tout_Ts2), for example, recorded as E(n); the set temperature difference center value is determined based on the temperature range of the set temperature difference E being (E1, E2), for example, recorded as (Tout-Ts)(n). In this way, the estimated target frequency coefficient ξ(E, (Tout_Ts)) can be calculated based on the first temperature difference center value E(n) and the set temperature difference center value (Tout-Ts)(n).

[0096] Specifically, by substituting the first temperature difference center value E(n) and the set temperature difference center value (Tout-Ts)(n) into formula (1), the estimated target frequency coefficient ξ(E,(Tout_Ts)) can be calculated, that is: ξ(E,(Tout_Ts))=(k1×E(n)+k2×(Tout-Ts)(n)+k3)(1) Among them, k1, k2 and k3 are known quantities.

[0097] Then, the preset initial maximum operating frequency Fmax, the estimated target frequency coefficient ξ(E,(Tout_Ts)) and the frequency correction coefficient λ based on the fan speed calibration are substituted into formula (2) to calculate the maximum target operating frequency F0(n). This can improve the accuracy of the calculation of the maximum target operating frequency F0(n) and can also flexibly calculate the maximum target operating frequency F0(n) based on the change of the first temperature difference Tout_Ts, that is: F0(n)= ξ(E,Tout_Ts) ×λ×Fmax (2) Table 3 is a table showing the correspondence between the pre-calibrated target temperature range and the maximum target operating frequency.

[0098]

[0099] Table 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range, the controller 71 is configured to: obtain a preset initial maximum operating frequency; determine the target temperature range based on the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference; determine the outdoor ambient temperature center value and the set temperature difference center value respectively based on the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference within the target temperature range; determine the estimated target frequency coefficient based on the outdoor ambient temperature center value and the set temperature difference center value; obtain the maximum target operating frequency based on the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0100] For example, the outdoor ambient temperature is recorded as Tout; the preset initial maximum operating frequency is recorded as Fmax, and Fmax=85Hz; the maximum target operating frequency is recorded as F0(n); and the estimated target frequency coefficient is recorded as ξ(E,(Tout_Ts)).

[0101] In the embodiment, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is detected by the outdoor ambient temperature sensor 13, so that a correspondence table of pre-calibrated target temperature ranges and maximum target operating frequencies can be established according to the first temperature difference Tout_Ts and the set temperature difference E under different environmental conditions, as shown in Table 4.

[0102] In other words, as shown in Table 4, the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is divided into i intervals, each interval represents the difference of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout within a certain range; the set temperature difference E is divided into j intervals, each interval represents the difference between the current indoor ambient temperature Tin and the set temperature Ts within a certain range, thus forming an i×j two-dimensional partition table, each partition represents a specific combination of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature difference E.

[0103] According to the two-dimensional partition table shown in Table 4, for example, the partition corresponding to the maximum target operating frequency F0(2,2) is the target temperature interval. It can be seen that the outdoor ambient temperature Tout_ and the set temperature difference E in the target temperature interval include multiple ones. That is, the target temperature interval is a temperature range, which is obtained according to the temperature range of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature difference E.

[0104] In the target temperature range, the temperature range of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is [Tout1, Tout2), and the temperature range of the set temperature difference E is (E1, E2). Therefore, the outdoor ambient temperature center value is determined based on the temperature range of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout being [Tout1, Tout2), for example, recorded as Tout(n); the set temperature difference center value is determined based on the temperature range of the set temperature difference E being (E1, E2), for example, recorded as E(n). In this way, the estimated target frequency coefficient ξ(E, (Tout)) can be calculated based on the outdoor ambient temperature center value Tout(n) and the set temperature difference center value E(n).

[0105] Specifically, by substituting the outdoor ambient temperature center value Tout(n) and the set temperature difference center value E(n) into formula (3), the estimated target frequency coefficient ξ(E,Tout) can be calculated, that is: ξ(E,Tout)=(k1×E(n)+k2×Tout(n)+k3)(3) Among them, k1, k2 and k3 are known quantities.

[0106] Then, the preset initial maximum target operating frequency Fmax, the estimated target frequency coefficient ξ(E, Tout), and the frequency correction coefficient λ based on the fan speed calibration are substituted into formula (4) to calculate the maximum target operating frequency F0(n). This can improve the accuracy of the calculation of the maximum target operating frequency F0(n) and can also flexibly calculate the maximum target operating frequency F0(n) based on the change of the outdoor ambient temperature Tout, that is: F0(n)= ξ(E,Tout) ×λ×β(n)×Fmax (4) Among them, Table 4 shows the two-dimensional partitions established according to the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference.

[0107]

[0108] Table 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, when controlling the air conditioner 10 to perform the estimated frequency control stage of this cooling operation, the controller 71 is also configured to: obtain the initial indoor ambient temperature and the operating time of the compressor; determine the second cooling rate based on the initial indoor ambient temperature, the operating time of the compressor and the indoor ambient temperature; when the second cooling rate does not exceed the preset cooling rate threshold, correct the estimated target frequency based on the estimated target frequency, the energy-saving coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0109] In an embodiment, during the estimated frequency control stage, the controller 71 gradually approaches an accurate estimated target frequency through continuous iteration to ensure that the operating efficiency of the compressor matches the cooling demand and achieves stable operation. However, considering that the air conditioner 10 may experience sudden load changes during actual operation, such as when the user opens the window or the number of people in the room increases, the actual cooling rate may be slower than the expected cooling rate, making the indoor ambient temperature unable to reach the set temperature for a long time.

[0110] To cope with this situation, a second cooling rate is calculated based on the initial indoor ambient temperature, the compressor operating time, and the indoor ambient temperature, so as to correct the estimated target frequency based on the comparison result between the second cooling rate and the preset cooling rate threshold.

[0111] For example, the initial indoor ambient temperature is recorded as Tin0, the operating time of the compressor is recorded as t, the second cooling rate is recorded as ε2, and the estimated target frequency is recorded as F0(x, y)(n).

[0112] After the compressor has been running for a period of time, the indoor ambient temperature Tin is detected in real time. According to the ratio of the difference between the initial indoor ambient temperature Tin0 and the indoor ambient temperature Tin and the compressor running time t2, the second cooling rate ε2 can be calculated, that is, ε2 = (Tin0-Tin) / t2.

[0113] like Figure 6As shown, if the calculated second cooling rate ε2 is obviously lower and does not exceed the preset cooling rate threshold, wherein the preset cooling rate threshold is, for example, 0.062°C / min, that is, when ε2≤0.062°C / min, the estimated target frequency needs to be immediately increased, specifically according to the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n), the energy-saving coefficient σ and the frequency correction coefficient λ based on the fan speed calibration, that is, according to the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) and the energy-saving coefficient σ and the frequency correction coefficient λ based on the fan speed calibration The ratio of the revision coefficient λ, that is, the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) is corrected according to F0(x,y)(n) / σ / λ, so that the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) can be increased, and when the wind speed is set to low wind or medium wind, the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) will also be restored to the value corresponding to the high wind mode, so as to ensure that the air conditioner 10 can respond quickly to load changes, speed up the cooling speed, and make the indoor ambient temperature Tin reach the set temperature Ts as soon as possible without affecting the comfort.

[0114] In summary, for example, Example 1: i=5, j=8, a total of 40 partitions, and other parameters of the partitions are shown in Table 5. The preset initial maximum operating frequency Fmax=85Hz, the preset minimum operating frequency Fmin=10Hz, the first preset time t1=120s, the set temperature Ts=26℃, the user can select energy saving 1 or energy saving 2 (energy saving 1 selects parameters according to Table 1, energy saving 2 selects parameters according to Table 2), k1=0.086, k2=0.039, k3=-0.838, the frequency correction coefficient λ based on the fan speed calibration is λ=1.00 at high wind, λ=1.02 at medium wind, and λ=1.05 at low wind. Among them, the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) is between the preset maximum operating frequency Fmax and the preset minimum operating frequency Fmin, that is, Fmax F0(x,y)(n) Fmin.

[0115] Among them, Table 5 shows the two-dimensional partitions established according to the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference.

[0116]

[0117] Table 5 When the air conditioner 10 is turned on for the first time for cooling operation, the user selects the energy saving 1 function, that is, selects parameters according to Table 1, sets the temperature Ts to 26°C, sets the wind speed to high wind, detects the indoor ambient temperature Tin = 31°C, and the outdoor ambient temperature Tout = 34°C. Calculate the set temperature difference E = Tin - Ts = 31 - 26 = 5°C, look up Table 5, x = 5, y = 3, the target temperature range is Z21 zone, and calculate the estimated target frequency F0(5,3)(1), that is, F0(5,3)(1) = (0.086×5+0.039×35-0.838)×1.00×85 = 81 Hz. After the compressor starts and runs for 25 minutes, the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, that is, Tin = Ts = 26°C. The time it takes for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 25 minutes. The first cooling rate ε1 = 5 / 25 = 0.2°C / min is calculated. The first stable operating frequency of the compressor after reaching the temperature is 25Hz. According to Table 1, the energy saving coefficient σ(5,3)(1) = 0.80. The estimated target frequency F0(5,3)(2) is calculated, that is, F0(5,3)(2) = F0(5,3)(1) × σ(5,3)(1) = 81 × 0.80 ≈ 65Hz. Therefore, the estimated target frequency of 85Hz calculated in the target temperature range is overwritten by the estimated target frequency of 65Hz calculated in this cooling operation.

[0118] When the cooling operation is started for the second time, the target temperature range (i.e., Z21 zone) is still in operation. After the compressor starts and runs for 33 minutes, the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, i.e., Tin=Ts=26℃. The time it takes for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 33 minutes. The first cooling rate ε1=5 / 33≈0.15℃ / min is calculated. The first stable operating frequency of the compressor after reaching the temperature is 27Hz. According to Table 1, the energy saving coefficient σ(5,3)(2)=1.15. The estimated target frequency F0(5,3)(3) is calculated, i.e., F0(5,3)(3)= F0(5,3)(2)×σ(5,3)(2)=65×0.87≈57Hz. Therefore, the estimated target frequency of 65Hz calculated in the target temperature range is overwritten by the estimated target frequency of 57Hz calculated in this cooling operation.

[0119] When the cooling operation is started for the third time, the target temperature range (i.e., Z21 zone) is still in operation. After the compressor starts and runs for 42 minutes, the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, i.e., Tin=Ts=26℃. The time it takes for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 42 minutes. The first cooling rate ε1=5 / 51≈0.098℃ / min is calculated. The first stable operating frequency of the compressor after reaching the temperature is 24Hz. According to Table 1, the energy saving coefficient σ(5,3)(3)=1.00. The estimated target frequency F0(5,3)(4) is calculated, i.e., F0(5,3)(4)= F0(5,3)(3)×σ(5,3)(3)=57×1.00=57Hz. Therefore, the estimated target frequency of 57Hz calculated in the target temperature range is overwritten by the estimated target frequency of 57Hz calculated in this cooling operation.

[0120] After the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts and the compressor operates stably for a period of time, the user resets the set temperature to 24°C, that is, the set temperature Ts' after the change = 24°C, and other settings remain unchanged. The first temperature difference Tout_Ts between the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature Ts is calculated, and Tout_Ts = Tout-Ts = 8°C; based on the ratio of the first stable operating frequency Fw and the first temperature difference Tout_Ts, the exchange coefficient can be calculated, that is, v = Fw / Tout_Ts.

[0121] Calculate the second temperature difference (Tout-Ts') between the outdoor ambient temperature Tout and the set temperature Ts' after the change, that is, the second temperature difference Tout-Ts'=34-24=10°C. Multiply the second temperature difference by the exchange coefficient v to obtain the second stable operating frequency, for example, recorded as Fw', that is, Fw'=v×(Tout-Ts'). The frequency increase is the difference between the second stable operating frequency Fw' and the first stable operating frequency Fw. For example, the frequency increase is recorded as F, then F= Fw'- Fw=v×(Tout-Ts')- v×(Tout-Ts)= v×(Ts-Ts')=Fw / (Tout-Ts)× (Ts-Ts'). The frequency increase F is calculated to be Fw / (Tout-Ts)×(Ts-Ts')=24 / (34-26)×(26-24)=6Hz. The first stable operating frequency Fw is then corrected according to the frequency increase F. That is, the compressor is controlled to operate at 24+6=30Hz for 120s, and then the air conditioner 10 is controlled to perform fuzzy frequency control for this cooling operation.

[0122] Example 2: i=5, j=8, a total of 40 partitions, other parameters of the partitions are shown in Table 6. The preset maximum operating frequency Fmax=85Hz, the preset minimum operating frequency Fmin=10Hz, the set temperature Ts=26℃, the user can select energy saving 1 or energy saving 2 (energy saving 1 selects parameters according to Table 1, energy saving 2 selects parameters according to Table 2), the compressor running time t2=10min, k1=0.086, k2=0.058, k3=-0.101, the frequency correction coefficient λ based on the fan speed calibration is λ=1.00 at high wind speed, λ=1.02 at medium wind speed, and λ=1.05 at low wind speed. Among them, the estimated target frequency F0(x,y)(n) is between the preset maximum operating frequency Fmax and the preset minimum operating frequency Fmin, that is, Fmax F0(x,y)(n) Fmin.

[0123] Among them, Table 6 is a two-dimensional partition table established according to the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference.

[0124]

[0125] Table 6 When the air conditioner 10 starts cooling operation for the first time, the user selects the energy saving 2 function, that is, selects parameters according to Table 2, sets the temperature Ts to 25°C, and the wind speed to high wind. The detected indoor ambient temperature Tin is 28°C and the outdoor ambient temperature Tout is 30°C. The set temperature difference E is calculated as Tin-Ts=28-25=3°C, the first temperature difference Tout_Ts=Tout-Ts=30-25=5°C, and the target temperature range is Z10. Looking up Table 6, x=2, y=2, the target temperature range is Z10, and the estimated target frequency F0(2,2)(1) is calculated as F0(2,2)(1)=(0.086×3+0.058×5-0.101)×1.00×85=38Hz. After the compressor starts and runs for 25 minutes, the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, that is, Tin = Ts = 25°C. The time it takes for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 25 minutes. The first cooling rate ε1 is calculated as 3 / 25 = 0.12°C / min. According to Table 2, the energy saving coefficient σ(2,2) (1) = 1.00. The estimated target frequency F0(2,2) (2) is calculated as F0(2,2) (2) = F0(2,2) (1) × σ(2,2) (1) = 38 × 1.00 = 38 Hz. Therefore, the estimated target frequency of 38 Hz calculated in the previous calculation in the target temperature range is overwritten by the estimated target frequency of 38 Hz calculated in this cooling operation.

[0126] When the cooling operation is started for the second time, the target temperature range (i.e., Z10 zone) is still running. The estimated target frequency of the target temperature range is 38 Hz, but the user sets it to mid-range. Therefore, the estimated target frequency needs to be corrected, and the corrected estimated target frequency is 38×1.02≈39 Hz. The compressor is controlled to operate according to the estimated target frequency of 39 Hz. After the compressor starts and runs for 27 minutes, the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, i.e., Tin=Ts=25°C. The time it takes for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 27 minutes. The first cooling rate ε1=3 / 27≈0.11°C / min is calculated. According to Table 2, the energy saving coefficient σ(2,2) (2)=1.00. The estimated target frequency F0(2,2)(3) is calculated, i.e., F0(2,2)(3)= F0(2,2)(2)×σ(2,2) (2)=38×1.00=38 Hz. Therefore, the estimated target frequency of 38 Hz calculated last time in the target temperature range is overwritten by the estimated target frequency of 38 Hz calculated in this cooling operation.

[0127] When the cooling operation is started for the third time, the target temperature range (i.e., Z10 zone) is still running. The estimated target frequency of the target temperature range is 38Hz, but the user sets it to stroke. Therefore, the estimated target frequency needs to be corrected, and the corrected estimated target frequency is 38×1.02≈39Hz. The compressor is controlled to run at the estimated target frequency of 39Hz. 10 minutes after the compressor is started, the real-time detected indoor ambient temperature Tin=27.5℃, and the initial indoor ambient temperature Tin0=31℃. The second cooling rate ε2=(Tin0-Tin) / t2=(28-27.5) / 10=0.05℃ / min is calculated. According to Table 2, the second cooling rate ε2 is less than the preset cooling rate threshold, i.e., ε2<0.062℃ / min. The estimated target frequency needs to be increased in time, i.e., F0(2,2)(3)×σ×λ=38×1.25×1.02=48Hz. At the 27th minute of compressor operation, the indoor ambient temperature Tin reaches the set temperature Ts, that is, Tin = Ts = 25°C. The time it takes for the compressor to reach the temperature for the first time is 27 minutes. The first cooling rate ε1 is calculated to be 3 / 27≈0.11°C / min. According to Table 2, the energy saving coefficient σ(2,2) (3) = 1.00. The estimated target frequency F0(2,2)(4) is calculated to be F0(2,2)(3) × σ(2,2) (3) / 1.02 = 48 × 1.00 / 1.02 = 47 Hz. Therefore, the estimated target frequency of 38 Hz calculated in the target temperature range is overwritten by the estimated target frequency of 47 Hz calculated in this cooling operation.

[0128] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the air conditioner 10 starts a non-initial cooling operation, an estimated target frequency for the target temperature range is calculated based on the operating data of the air conditioner 10 during the fuzzy frequency control phase of the previous cooling operation. The controller 71 then controls the compressor to operate at the estimated target frequency, thereby controlling the air conditioner 10 to execute the estimated frequency control phase of the current cooling operation. This can avoid large and prolonged overshoots of the indoor ambient temperature. Furthermore, after the indoor ambient temperature reaches the set temperature and the compressor operates stably, a determination is made as to whether the set temperature has changed. If the user has readjusted the set temperature, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature. The compressor is then controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time, after which the air conditioner 10 is controlled to switch to the fuzzy frequency control phase. This reduces significant compressor fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the set temperature, improves the compressor's operating efficiency and stability, and thereby better meets the user's temperature requirements, ensuring a comfortable cooling experience for the user. This improves the user experience, while also improving energy efficiency and energy conservation, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization.

[0129] Reference below Figure 7 A method for controlling an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0130] like Figure 7 As shown, the air conditioner control method according to the embodiment of the present invention at least includes steps S1 to S4.

[0131] Step S1, obtaining a set temperature, and determining a set temperature difference according to the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature.

[0132] In step S2, when the air conditioner starts cooling operation other than the first time, an estimated target frequency of the target temperature range is obtained. The estimated target frequency is calculated by the controller based on the operating data of the air conditioner in the fuzzy frequency control stage in the previous cooling operation. The operating data include: the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time, the first stable operating frequency after the compressor reaches the set temperature, the first cooling rate, the energy-saving coefficient and the frequency revision coefficient based on the fan speed calibration; each cooling operation of the air conditioner includes an estimated frequency control stage and a fuzzy frequency control stage.

[0133] Step S3 , controlling the air conditioner to execute the estimated frequency control phase of the current cooling operation. The estimated frequency control phase includes: controlling the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency.

[0134] Step S4, when the set temperature changes, the estimated target frequency of the first stable operating frequency will be corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, and the compressor will be controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time, and then the air conditioner will be controlled to perform the fuzzy frequency control stage of this cooling operation. The fuzzy frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate at the estimated target frequency.

[0135] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, when obtaining the estimated target frequency of the target temperature range, it includes: obtaining the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner in the fuzzy frequency control stage in the last cooling operation; according to the product of the estimated target frequency of the fuzzy frequency control stage in the last cooling operation of the air conditioner and the energy-saving coefficient, obtaining the estimated target frequency of the air conditioner when performing this cooling operation.

[0136] In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the energy-saving coefficient, it includes: determining a first cooling rate based on a set temperature difference and the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time; determining the energy-saving coefficient based on the first cooling rate, wherein there is a pre-calibrated correspondence between the first cooling rate and the energy-saving coefficient.

[0137] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 9 As shown, after the set temperature changes, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, including: determining an exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, wherein the exchange coefficient is used to quantify the heat exchange efficiency or rate caused by the temperature difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature after the compressor reaches the stable operating frequency; determining a second stable operating frequency when the compressor reaches the changed set temperature based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature and the exchange coefficient; determining a frequency increase based on the first stable operating frequency and the second stable operating frequency; and correcting the first stable operating frequency based on the frequency increase.

[0138] In one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, it includes: determining a first temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; and obtaining the exchange coefficient according to the ratio of the first stable operating frequency to the first temperature difference.

[0139] In one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the second stable operating frequency of the compressor to reach the changed set temperature based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature and the exchange coefficient, it includes: determining the second temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the changed set temperature; and obtaining the second stable operating frequency based on the product of the second temperature difference and the exchange coefficient.

[0140] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the air conditioner starts cooling operation for the first time, the method includes: obtaining a maximum target operating frequency within a target temperature range; and using the maximum target operating frequency as an estimated target frequency.

[0141] In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the maximum target operating frequency of the target temperature range, it includes: obtaining a preset initial maximum operating frequency; determining the target temperature range based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference; determining the first temperature difference center value and the set temperature difference center value based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference in the target temperature range respectively; determining the estimated target frequency coefficient based on the first temperature difference center value and the set temperature difference center value; obtaining the maximum target operating frequency based on the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0142] In one embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range, it includes: obtaining a preset initial maximum operating frequency; determining the target temperature range according to the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference; determining the outdoor ambient temperature center value and the set temperature difference center value respectively based on the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference in the target temperature range; determining the estimated target frequency coefficient according to the outdoor ambient temperature center value and the set temperature difference center value; and obtaining the maximum target operating frequency according to the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0143] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 10 As shown, when controlling the air conditioner to perform the estimated frequency control stage of this cooling operation, it includes: obtaining the initial indoor ambient temperature and the operating time of the compressor; determining the second cooling rate according to the initial indoor ambient temperature, the operating time of the compressor and the indoor ambient temperature; when the second cooling rate does not exceed the preset cooling rate threshold, correcting the estimated target frequency according to the estimated target frequency, the energy-saving coefficient and the frequency correction coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

[0144] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the air conditioner starts a non-initial cooling operation, an estimated target frequency for a target temperature range is calculated based on the operating data of the air conditioner during the fuzzy frequency control phase of the previous cooling operation. The controller then controls the compressor to operate at the estimated target frequency to control the air conditioner to execute the estimated frequency control phase of the current cooling operation. This can avoid large and prolonged overshoots of the indoor ambient temperature. Furthermore, after the indoor ambient temperature reaches the set temperature and the compressor operates stably, a determination is made as to whether the set temperature has changed. If the user has readjusted the set temperature, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature. The compressor is controlled to operate at the corrected first stable operating frequency for a first preset time, and then the air conditioner is controlled to switch to the fuzzy frequency control phase. This reduces significant compressor fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the set temperature, improves the compressor's operating efficiency and stability, and thus better meets the user's temperature requirements, ensuring a comfortable cooling experience for the user. This improves the user experience, while also improving energy efficiency and energy conservation, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization.

[0145] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0146] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An air conditioner, characterized in that: include: A refrigerant circulation loop, wherein the refrigerant undergoes a refrigeration cycle in a loop consisting of a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element, and an evaporator, wherein one of the condenser and the evaporator is an outdoor heat exchanger and the other is an indoor heat exchanger; Indoor ambient temperature sensor, used to detect indoor ambient temperature; Outdoor ambient temperature sensor, used to detect outdoor ambient temperature; A controller configured to: Obtaining a set temperature, and determining a set temperature difference according to the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; When the air conditioner starts a non-initial cooling operation, an estimated target frequency within a target temperature range is obtained, the estimated target frequency being calculated by the controller based on operating data of the air conditioner during a previous cooling operation in a fuzzy frequency control phase, the operating data including: the time when the compressor first reaches temperature, a first stable operating frequency of the compressor after reaching the set temperature, a first cooling rate, an energy-saving coefficient, and a frequency revision coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed; each cooling operation of the air conditioner includes an estimated frequency control phase and a fuzzy frequency control phase; Controlling the air conditioner to perform the estimated frequency control phase of this cooling operation; The estimated frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency; When the set temperature changes, the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, and the compressor is controlled to operate at the corrected first stable frequency for a first preset time, and then the air conditioner is controlled to perform the fuzzy frequency control stage of the current cooling operation; The fuzzy frequency control stage includes: controlling the compressor to operate according to the estimated target frequency.

2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that When obtaining the estimated target frequency in the target temperature range, the controller is configured to: Obtaining an estimated target frequency of the air conditioner during the fuzzy frequency control phase in the last cooling operation; The estimated target frequency of the air conditioner in the current cooling operation is obtained according to the product of the estimated target frequency in the fuzzy frequency control stage in the previous cooling operation of the air conditioner and the energy-saving coefficient.

3. The air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that When obtaining the energy-saving coefficient, the controller is configured to: Determining a first cooling rate according to the set temperature difference and the time when the compressor reaches the temperature for the first time; The energy-saving coefficient is determined according to the first cooling rate, wherein a pre-calibrated corresponding relationship exists between the first cooling rate and the energy-saving coefficient.

4. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein: When the set temperature changes and the first stable operating frequency is corrected based on the changed set temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, the controller is configured to: determining an exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, wherein the exchange coefficient is used to quantify the heat exchange efficiency or rate caused by the temperature difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature after the compressor reaches the stable operating frequency; determining a second stable operating frequency of the compressor when the compressor reaches the changed set temperature according to the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature, and the exchange coefficient; determining a frequency increase amount according to the first stable operating frequency and the second stable operating frequency; The first stable operating frequency is corrected according to the frequency increase.

5. The air conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that When determining the exchange coefficient based on the first stable operating frequency, the controller is configured to: determining a first temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; The exchange coefficient is obtained according to a ratio of the first stable operating frequency to the first temperature difference.

6. The air conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that When determining, based on the changed set temperature, the outdoor ambient temperature, and the exchange coefficient, that the compressor reaches a second stable operating frequency of the changed set temperature, the controller is configured to: determining a second temperature difference between the outdoor ambient temperature and the changed set temperature; The second stable operating frequency is obtained according to the product of the second temperature difference and the exchange coefficient.

7. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein: When the air conditioner starts cooling operation for the first time, the controller is configured to: Obtaining the maximum target operating frequency within the target temperature range; The maximum target operating frequency is used as the estimated target frequency.

8. The air conditioner according to claim 7, characterized in that When obtaining the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range, the controller is configured to: Get the preset initial maximum operating frequency; determining the target temperature range according to the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference; Determining a first temperature difference center value and a set temperature difference center value based on the first temperature difference and the set temperature difference within the target temperature range, respectively; Determining the estimated target frequency coefficient according to the first temperature difference center value and the set temperature difference center value; The maximum target operating frequency is obtained according to the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency revision coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

9. The air conditioner according to claim 7, characterized in that When obtaining the maximum target operating frequency in the target temperature range, the controller is configured to: Get the preset initial maximum operating frequency; Determining the target temperature range according to the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference; Determining a central value of the outdoor ambient temperature and a central value of the set temperature difference based on the outdoor ambient temperature and the set temperature difference within the target temperature range; Determining the estimated target frequency coefficient according to the central value of the outdoor ambient temperature and the central value of the set temperature difference; The maximum target operating frequency is obtained according to the product of the preset initial maximum operating frequency, the estimated target frequency coefficient and the frequency revision coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

10. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein When controlling the air conditioner to perform the estimated frequency control stage of the current cooling operation, the controller is further configured to: Obtaining an initial indoor ambient temperature and the operating time of the compressor; determining a second cooling rate according to the initial indoor ambient temperature, the operating time of the compressor, and the indoor ambient temperature; When the second cooling rate does not exceed a preset cooling rate threshold, the estimated target frequency is corrected according to the estimated target frequency, the energy-saving coefficient, and the frequency revision coefficient calibrated based on the fan speed.

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