Passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device for obtaining energy from leakage current of lightning arrester

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of online monitoring of lightning arresters in power systems, and particularly relates to a passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device capable of obtaining energy from leakage current of a lightning arrester. An upper device lead and a lower device lead are arranged on a device shell, and a circuit part is arranged in the device shell; one end of a lead on the device is connected with a tail valve plate of the lightning arrester, and the other end of the lead on the device is connected with the circuit part; and one end of the device lower lead is fixed on the base of the lightning arrester body, and the other end of the device lower lead is connected with the circuit part. The device is simple in structure and easy to install and construct, electric energy can be obtained from leakage current of the lightning arrester, normalized real-time monitoring of the lightning arrester is achieved, resistive current representing the health state of the lightning arrester is extracted, aging and damp defect early warning of the lightning arrester is achieved, safe and stable operation of an electric power system is guaranteed, and safety and reliability of the lightning arrester are improved. The operation stability of the device and the measurement precision of the leakage current of the lightning arrester are improved, and the safety risk when the lightning stroke occurs is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of online monitoring of lightning arresters in power systems, and in particular relates to a passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that draws energy from the leakage current of the lightning arrester. Specifically, for a gapless metal oxide lightning arrester, the lightning arrester leakage current is used as a current source to continuously power the monitoring device, thereby eliminating the need for an external power supply and realizing a wireless communication lightning arrester monitoring device that draws energy by itself. Background Art

[0002] Gapless metal oxide surge arresters are key equipment for ensuring the safe and stable operation of smart grids. Because arresters are affected by continuous operating voltage, internal overvoltage, lightning overvoltage, and external environmental factors, the internal resistors will gradually deteriorate. In addition, if the arrester seal fails and the resistors become damp, the arrester is prone to thermal collapse, endangering the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0003] Currently, there is no low-voltage power supply directly available for lightning arrester monitoring devices in scenarios such as transmission lines. While some inventions have harnessed wind and solar energy to power monitoring devices, these technologies still suffer from unstable current draw, short lifespans, and significant environmental impact. Traditional electric and magnetic field energy harvesting technologies are often only suitable for high-voltage monitoring devices, while lightning arrester monitoring devices are low-voltage devices. Furthermore, electric field energy harvesting requires the use of large-area metal electrode plates, while magnetic field energy harvesting requires the use of energy-harvesting CTs. These components lack suitable fixed installation locations at the lightning arrester site and can easily pose safety risks in the event of a lightning strike. Therefore, traditional electric and magnetic field energy harvesting technologies are also unsuitable for powering lightning arrester monitoring devices.

[0004] Although substations and other scenarios have low-voltage power supplies and can power lightning arrester monitoring devices through wired methods, wired power supply methods have obvious shortcomings: when the number of monitoring devices is large and the layout is scattered, the wiring is relatively complicated, making it difficult to achieve simplified and intelligent equipment monitoring; the operating environment of the lightning arrester is simultaneously subject to triple interference from lightning strikes, operational overvoltages, and strong electromagnetic fields. The wired power supply method is prone to transient shocks, increasing the risk of monitoring device failure and reducing measurement accuracy.

[0005] In recent years, with the development of self-powered energy technology, some research has begun exploring the possibility of using the energy of the arrester's leakage current to power monitoring circuits. For example, patent CN 119044824 A proposes a self-powered arrester monitor and self-wake-up method. It discloses that "the self-powered circuit unit uses a single-chip microcomputer to collect the leakage current during arrester operation, thereby achieving self-powered operation," and "a current-limiting rectifier circuit limits the current flowing into the subsequent circuit when the arrester operates, and rectifies the AC leakage current into DC, which flows into the leakage current measurement circuit. The leakage current measurement circuit, controlled by the single-chip microcomputer, collects the leakage current waveform." Therefore, patent CN 119044824 A requires the arrester to operate to achieve self-powered operation. However, arrester operation requires lightning strikes or overvoltages, and the frequency of operation is extremely low, making regular real-time monitoring impossible. Furthermore, patent CN 119044824 A measures the rectified arrester leakage current, which distorts the leakage current and cannot extract the resistive current that indicates the health of the arrester, making it difficult to provide early warning of arrester aging and moisture defects.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a practical and effective lightning arrester monitoring device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned prior art, the present invention provides a passive wireless arrester monitoring device that draws energy from the arrester's leakage current. This device is designed to extract electrical energy from the arrester's leakage current, enabling regular, real-time monitoring of the arrester and providing early warning of arrester aging and moisture defects.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is: A passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that draws energy from the arrester leakage current includes a device shell, an upper device lead and a lower device lead are provided on the device shell, and a circuit part is provided inside the device shell; wherein, one end of the upper device lead is connected to the last valve plate of the lightning arrester, and the other end of the upper device lead is connected to the circuit part; one end of the lower device lead is fixed to the base of the lightning arrester body, and the other end of the lower device lead is connected to the circuit part.

[0009] Furthermore, the circuit part includes an energy acquisition unit, a sensing unit, a power supply unit, a communication unit and a data processing unit; wherein the energy acquisition unit is connected in series with the sensing unit, and the leakage current output end of the energy acquisition unit is connected with the leakage current input end of the sensing unit to form a leakage current path of the lightning arrester; the power current output end of the energy acquisition unit is connected with the power current input end of the power supply unit, and the power current output end of the power supply unit is respectively connected with the power current input end of the sensing unit, the communication unit and the data processing unit to form a power current path of the device; the data output end of the sensing unit is connected with the data input end of the data processing unit, and the data input and output end of the data processing unit is connected with the data input and output end of the communication unit to form a data flow path of the device.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the upper lead of the device is connected to the last valve plate of the lightning arrester through a wire, the other end of the upper lead of the device is connected to the energy extraction unit in the circuit part, one end of the lower lead of the device is fixed to the base of the lightning arrester body by a bolt, and the other end of the lower lead of the device is connected to the sensor unit in the circuit part.

[0011] Furthermore, the leakage current of the lightning arrester enters the energy taking unit through the upper lead of the device, flows through the sensing unit connected in series therewith, and then flows into the ground through the lower lead of the device.

[0012] Furthermore, the arrester leakage current flowing through the energy acquisition unit and the sensing unit is exactly the same AC leakage current. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the arrester leakage current is equivalent to the output current of the current source.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy acquisition unit is used for rectification, voltage limiting, energy discharge and energy storage, and converts the AC current into forward current through the rectifier bridge to charge the supercapacitor; when the supercapacitor is not fully charged, the leakage current will continue to charge it; when the supercapacitor is fully charged, the energy discharge circuit is turned on, bypassing the leakage current and stopping charging the supercapacitor; when the supercapacitor is fed to 80% of the full charge voltage, the energy discharge circuit is turned off and the supercapacitor is fully charged again; when a lightning strike or operational overvoltage occurs, the voltage limiting circuit is started to discharge the leakage current and clamp the voltage across the energy acquisition unit within a safe range.

[0014] Furthermore, the sensing unit is used for voltage limiting, filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the leakage current of the lightning arrester is filtered and amplified and then adjusted to a suitable state, and then a digital signal is obtained through analog-to-digital conversion; when lightning strike or operational overvoltage occurs, the sensing unit sends a lightning strike counting signal to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit completes a lightning strike count; at the same time, the voltage limiting circuit is started to discharge the leakage current and clamp the voltage at both ends of the sensing unit within a safe range.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply unit obtains electrical energy from the energy acquisition unit and outputs a DC voltage to power the sensing unit, the communication unit and the data processing unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the communication unit is used to realize two-way wireless data transmission between the data processing unit and the background.

[0017] Furthermore, the data processing unit calculates and processes the data output by the sensing unit to obtain the total current value and the resistive current value, performs data analysis, and determines whether the monitored signal has an alarm. If an alarm occurs, the data processing unit transmits the alarm signal to the background through the communication unit.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages: This invention provides a simple, practical, self-powered, passive wireless arrester monitoring method for gapless metal oxide surge arresters (MOSAs), and a monitoring device based on this method. As long as the rated voltage is applied to the arrester, regardless of whether the arrester is in a high-resistance or operating state, the method can extract electrical energy from the arrester's leakage current, enabling regular, real-time monitoring of the arrester. Furthermore, the method measures the undistorted arrester leakage current, extracting the resistive current that characterizes the arrester's health. This method provides early warning of arrester aging and moisture defects, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0019] The present invention can utilize the components for obtaining energy from the leakage current of the lightning arrester, and the structure of the energy-taking components and the sensor components in series. It can utilize the leakage current of the lightning arrester to obtain energy in the high-resistance state and the action state of the lightning arrester. There is no need to connect an external power supply to the device, and no distortion of the leakage current of the lightning arrester will be caused, thereby ensuring the accurate measurement of the leakage current of the lightning arrester. Compared with the existing technology, the advantage is that it integrates the advantages of self-energy extraction, passive wireless, simple structure, high reliability, high measurement accuracy, and stable energy extraction. It can realize the normalized real-time monitoring of the lightning arrester and the warning of lightning arrester aging and moisture defects.

[0020] The present invention utilizes the arrester leakage current for dual purposes: it serves as both a current source, powering the monitoring device, and a measurement target. This device achieves self-powered operation, eliminating the need for an external wired power source. Furthermore, wireless communication eliminates both wired power and communication lines. Beyond the upper and lower leads required for serial connection to the arrester itself, the device has no external leads. This eliminates the coupling loops and intrusion paths for electromagnetic interference, such as lightning strikes and operational overvoltages, improving the device's operational stability and the accuracy of arrester leakage current measurements.

[0021] Compared with traditional energy-harvesting technologies: electric field energy-harvesting technology requires the use of large-area metal electrode plates, magnetic field energy-harvesting technology requires the use of energy-harvesting CTs, and wind and light energy-harvesting technologies require the use of solar panels and batteries. The present invention adopts a self-harvesting technology solution of "harvesting energy from the leakage current of the lightning arrester". It does not require additional energy-harvesting facilities or accessories. The device has a simple structure and is easy to install and construct. It simplifies the deployment of monitoring devices on the lightning arrester body and ensures a neat appearance of the lightning arrester body. It is in line with the trend of the development of IoT sensing technology in the power system towards wiring-free and low-maintenance directions. Therefore, there is no need to install the above-mentioned accessories on the lightning arrester body, reducing the safety risk when a lightning strike occurs.

[0022] The present invention obtains energy from the leakage current of the lightning arrester. As long as the rated voltage is applied to the lightning arrester, the monitoring device can obtain electrical energy from the leakage current regardless of whether it is in a high-resistance state or an operating state. This avoids the shortcomings of wind and solar energy devices such as a short life cycle and being greatly affected by the environment, and has the advantage of stable power supply.

[0023] The present invention can monitor the arrester's total current, resistive current, number of actions, time of action and other parameters online, and has functions such as local data storage and current over-limit alarm.

[0024] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are: ① The device obtains energy by itself; ② The device is passive and wireless; ③ The device has high reliability; ④ The device has high measurement accuracy; ⑤ The device has a simple structure; ⑥ The energy collection is stable.

[0025] This invention can provide an effective power supply and monitoring solution for online lightning arrester monitoring devices in multiple scenarios, expand the coverage of power grid lightning arrester status monitoring, support the development of IoT sensing technology towards wiring-free and low-maintenance applications, ensure a continuous and stable power supply, promote the in-depth application of intelligent sensing technology in the Energy Internet, and provide important support for promoting intelligent power grid equipment status monitoring and the digital and lean development of modern equipment management. This invention has significant economic and social benefits and has broad prospects for promotion and application.

[0026] The present invention is applicable to online monitoring of lightning arresters in multiple scenarios such as transmission lines and substations, providing strong technical support for the lightning arrester industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments with reference to the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a circuit structure block diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of on-site installation of the present invention.

[0028] In the picture: In the figure: lightning arrester body 1, monitoring device 2, device upper lead 3, device shell 4, device lower lead 5, energy extraction unit 6, sensor unit 7, power supply unit 8, communication unit 9, data processing unit 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0030] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] Refer to the following Figure 1-Figure 3 Describe the technical solutions of some embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The present invention provides an embodiment, which is a passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0034] The present invention consists of four parts: an upper device lead 3, a device housing 4, a lower device lead 5 and a circuit. The upper device lead 3 is provided on the device housing 4, the lower device lead 5 is provided at the bottom of the device housing 4, and the circuit part is provided inside the device housing 4.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the on-site installation of the present invention. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device of the present invention that draws energy from the lightning arrester leakage current has only two external interfaces, the upper lead 3 of the device and the lower lead 5 of the device, and no other external leads. Among them, one end of the upper lead 3 of the device is connected to the valve plate at the end of the lightning arrester through a wire; the other end of the upper lead 3 of the device is connected to the energy-taking unit 6 inside the device. One end of the lower lead 5 of the device is fixed to the metal base of the lightning arrester body 1 by a bolt, which not only serves to fix the monitoring device, but also serves to electrically connect to the ground; the other end of the lower lead 5 of the device is connected to the sensor unit 7 inside the device.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2This is a block diagram of the circuit structure of the present invention. The circuit portion includes an energy acquisition unit 6, a sensing unit 7, a power supply unit 8, a communication unit 9, and a data processing unit 10. The internal connection relationship of the circuit is as follows: the leakage current output terminal of the energy acquisition unit 6 is connected to the leakage current input terminal of the sensing unit 7, forming a leakage current path for the lightning arrester; the power current output terminal of the energy acquisition unit 6 is connected to the power current input terminal of the power supply unit 8, and the power current output terminal of the power supply unit 8 is respectively connected to the power current input terminals of the sensing unit 7, the communication unit 9, and the data processing unit 10, forming a power current path for the device; the data output terminal of the sensing unit 7 is connected to the data input terminal of the data processing unit 10, and the data input and output terminals of the data processing unit 10 are connected to the data input and output terminals of the communication unit 9, forming a data flow path for the device.

[0037] During specific implementation, the basic principles of the present invention and the functions of each component are as follows: The arrester leakage current enters the energy extraction unit 6 through the upper lead 3 of the device, then flows through the sensor unit 7 connected in series with it, and finally flows into the ground through the lower lead 5 of the device. The energy extraction unit 6 and the sensor unit 7 are in a series relationship. The exact same AC leakage current flows through the energy extraction unit 6 and the sensor unit 7. This can prevent the energy extraction unit 6 from distorting the leakage current and thus affecting the measurement accuracy of the sensor unit 7. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the arrester valve plate is in a high-resistance state. Under the action of high voltage, leakage current will be generated. At this time, the arrester is equivalent to a low-current AC current source, and the leakage current is equivalent to the output current of the current source.

[0038] Energy extraction unit 6 performs rectification, voltage limiting, energy discharge, and energy storage functions. It first converts AC current into forward current through a rectifier bridge, which then charges the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor is not fully charged, leakage current continues to charge it. When the supercapacitor is fully charged, the energy discharge circuit turns on, bypassing the leakage current and no longer charging the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor loses power to 80% of its full voltage, the energy discharge circuit turns off and recharges the supercapacitor. This cycle ensures that the supercapacitor is always charged and does not overcharge. In the event of a lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the voltage limiting circuit immediately activates, discharging the huge leakage current and clamping the voltage across energy extraction unit 6 to a safe range.

[0039] Sensing unit 7 performs voltage limiting, filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the arrester leakage current is filtered and amplified, conditioned to an appropriate state, and then converted to a digital signal through analog-to-digital conversion. When a lightning strike or operational overvoltage occurs, sensing unit 7 detects the lightning strike and sends a lightning strike count signal to data processing unit 10, informing it that a lightning strike count has been completed. Simultaneously, the voltage limiting circuit is activated, dissipating the significant leakage current and clamping the voltage across sensing unit 7 to a safe level.

[0040] The function of the power supply unit 8 is to obtain electrical energy from the energy acquisition unit 6 and output a DC voltage to power the sensor unit 7 , the communication unit 9 and the data processing unit 10 .

[0041] The function of the communication unit 9 is to realize bidirectional wireless data transmission between the data processing unit 10 and the background.

[0042] The function of the data processing unit 10 is to calculate and process the data output by the sensor unit 7 to obtain the total current value and the resistive current value, etc.; and to perform data analysis to determine whether the monitored signal has an alarm. If an alarm occurs, the data processing unit 10 will transmit the alarm signal to the background through the communication unit 9.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The present invention further provides an embodiment, which is a passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring method that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current, and is implemented using a passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current as described in Example 1.

[0045] A passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring method that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current comprises the following steps: The leakage current of the lightning arrester enters the energy taking unit through the upper lead of the device, flows through the sensing unit connected in series with it, and flows into the ground through the lower lead of the device.

[0046] The AC leakage current flowing through the energy acquisition unit and the sensing unit, when there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the lightning arrester valve plate is in a high-resistance state, and under the action of high voltage, a leakage current of microamperes is generated. The lightning arrester is equivalent to an AC low-current current source, and the leakage current is equivalent to the output current of the current source.

[0047] The rectifier bridge converts the AC current into a forward current to charge the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor is not fully charged, the leakage current continues to charge it. When the supercapacitor is fully charged, the energy discharge circuit is turned on, bypassing the leakage current and stopping the charging of the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor is fed to 85% of the full charge voltage, the energy discharge circuit is turned off and the supercapacitor is fully charged again. In the event of a lightning strike or an operational overvoltage, the voltage limiting circuit is immediately activated to discharge the leakage current and clamp the voltage across the energy extraction unit to a safe range. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the arrester leakage current is filtered and amplified, conditioned to an appropriate state, and then converted into a digital signal through analog-to-digital conversion. When a lightning strike or operational overvoltage occurs, the sensor unit sends a lightning strike counting signal to the data processing unit, which activates the voltage limiting circuit to discharge the leakage current and clamp the voltage across the sensor unit within a safe range. The data processing unit calculates and processes the data output by the sensing unit to obtain the total current value and the resistive current value, and performs data analysis to determine whether the monitored signal has an alarm; if an alarm occurs, the alarm signal is transmitted to the background.

[0048] In the present invention, the terms "connect" and "fix" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connect" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0050] Throughout this specification, terms such as "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of this solution.

Claims

1. A passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current, comprising a device housing (4), characterized in that: An upper lead (3) and a lower lead (5) are provided on the device housing (4), and a circuit part is provided inside the device housing (4); wherein one end of the upper lead (3) is connected to the valve plate of the last section of the lightning arrester, and the other end of the upper lead (3) is connected to the circuit part; one end of the lower lead (5) is fixed to the base of the lightning arrester body (1), and the other end of the lower lead (5) is connected to the circuit part.

2. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit part includes an energy taking unit (6), a sensing unit (7), a power supply unit (8), a communication unit (9) and a data processing unit (10); wherein the energy taking unit (6) is connected in series with the sensing unit (7), the leakage current output end of the energy taking unit (6) is connected with the leakage current input end of the sensing unit (7), forming a leakage current path of the lightning arrester; the power current output end of the energy taking unit (6) is connected with the power current input end of the power supply unit (8), the power current output end of the power supply unit (8) is respectively connected with the power current input end of the sensing unit (7), the communication unit (9) and the data processing unit (10), forming a power current path of the device; the data output end of the sensing unit (7) is connected with the data input end of the data processing unit (10), the data input and output end of the data processing unit (10) is connected with the data input and output end of the communication unit (9), forming a data flow path of the device.

3. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One end of the upper lead (3) of the device is connected to the valve plate of the last section of the lightning arrester through a wire, and the other end of the upper lead (3) of the device is connected to the energy taking unit (6) in the circuit part. One end of the lower lead (5) of the device is fixed to the base of the lightning arrester body (1) through a bolt, and the other end of the lower lead (5) of the device is connected to the sensor unit (7) in the circuit part.

4. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The lightning arrester leakage current enters the energy taking unit (6) through the upper lead (3) of the device, flows through the sensing unit (7) connected in series therewith, and then flows into the ground through the lower lead (5) of the device.

5. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arrester leakage current flowing through the energy acquisition unit (6) and the sensing unit (7) is exactly the same AC leakage current. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the arrester leakage current is equivalent to the output current of the current source.

6. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy acquisition unit (6) is used for rectification, voltage limiting, energy discharge and energy storage, and converts the AC current into a forward current through a rectifier bridge to charge the supercapacitor; when the supercapacitor is not fully charged, the leakage current will continue to charge it; when the supercapacitor is fully charged, the energy discharge circuit is turned on, the leakage current is bypassed, and the charging of the supercapacitor is stopped; when the supercapacitor is fed to 80% of the full charge voltage, the energy discharge circuit is turned off and the supercapacitor is fully charged again; when a lightning strike or an operational overvoltage occurs, the voltage limiting circuit is started to discharge the leakage current and clamp the voltage at both ends of the energy acquisition unit (6) within a safe range.

7. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensing unit (7) is used for voltage limiting, filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion. When there is no lightning strike or operational overvoltage, the leakage current of the lightning arrester is filtered and amplified, adjusted to a suitable state, and then converted into a digital signal through analog-to-digital conversion. When a lightning strike or operational overvoltage occurs, the sensing unit (7) sends a lightning strike counting signal to the data processing unit (10), and the data processing unit (10) completes one lightning strike counting. At the same time, the voltage limiting circuit is started to discharge the leakage current and clamp the voltage at both ends of the sensing unit (7) within a safe range.

8. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power supply unit (8) obtains electric energy from the energy acquisition unit (6) and outputs a DC voltage to supply power to the sensing unit (7), the communication unit (9) and the data processing unit (10).

9. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: The communication unit (9) is used to realize bidirectional wireless data transmission between the data processing unit (10) and the background.

10. The passive wireless lightning arrester monitoring device that obtains energy from the lightning arrester leakage current according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit (10) calculates and processes the data output by the sensing unit (7) to obtain the total current value and the resistive current value, performs data analysis, and determines whether the monitored signal generates an alarm. If an alarm occurs, the data processing unit (10) transmits the alarm signal to the background through the communication unit (9).

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